An anti-scour protection structure suitable for a strong disintegrating soft rock slope and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of erosion-resistant protection structures suitable for strong disintegrative soft rock slope and construction method, erosion-resistant slope protection structure includes multiple identical framework units, each the framework unit includes linear first protection framework and second protection framework, and end right-angle inlay presents L shape;The end right-angle of adjacent two framework units is inlaid, and Z shape is extended into a row of protection frameworks, and adjacent two rows of protection frameworks are symmetrically arranged, and adjacent two rows of protection frameworks are completely separated and opened, to form drainage channel;Vegetation layer is laid on the slope between protection frameworks.The application considers drainability and stability, reduces the damage of rainwater to slope, has strong durability, prolongs the service life of roadbed slope protection structure, improves the stability of slope, improves the efficiency and safety of slope management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of roadbed slope protection technology, and relates to an anti-erosion protection structure and construction method suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the highway infrastructure network has been continuously improved. However, while the increase in highway mileage and network density brings convenience and speed to travel and freight transportation, highways may also bring safety problems, especially the slopes on both sides of the roadbed. Once there is a large-scale heavy rainfall or prolonged soil erosion on the slopes, it is very easy to cause roadbed collapse, slope instability and other safety hazards.

[0003] Slope protection design is a crucial aspect of highway construction, effectively preventing slope disasters. It typically requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as highway grade, rainfall intensity, groundwater levels, topography, soil type, and material availability to ensure highway stability and high-speed driving safety, while also achieving harmony with the surrounding environment, maintaining a relative ecological balance, and enhancing the highway's aesthetic appeal. Slope protection involves sealing or isolating the slope surface to prevent or mitigate direct contact with the atmosphere, preventing and delaying weathering and erosion of the soil surface, thus protecting the stability of the roadbed slope while also considering the aesthetics of the highway and the environment. Ecological protection utilizes the roots, stems, and leaves of plants to regulate surface soil moisture, prevent and reduce erosion, and consolidate and stabilize the slope. Different vegetation types also provide traffic guidance, glare reduction, dust absorption, and sound insulation.

[0004] Meanwhile, current slope management largely relies on manual inspections, making real-time monitoring impossible and hindering the timely detection and handling of safety hazards. Traditional slope management lacks scientific assessment and prediction of slope stability, failing to identify potential collapses and other accidents in advance. This leads to remedial measures being implemented only after an accident occurs, potentially causing casualties and property damage. Therefore, installing real-time monitoring equipment and data analysis systems can achieve real-time slope monitoring, data collection, and predictive early warning functions, improving the efficiency and safety of slope management. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an anti-erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes. It balances drainage and stability, reduces rainwater damage to the slope, has high durability, extends the service life of roadbed slope protection structures, improves slope stability, and enhances the efficiency and safety of slope management.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a construction method for an anti-erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is an anti-erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes, comprising multiple skeleton units with the same structure, each skeleton unit comprising a straight first protective skeleton and a second protective skeleton, with the ends interlocked at right angles to form an L shape;

[0008] The ends of two adjacent skeleton units are fitted at right angles and extend in a Z-shape to form a row of protective skeletons. The two adjacent rows of protective skeletons are symmetrically arranged on the left and right, and the two adjacent rows of protective skeletons are completely separated and open to form a drainage channel. The angle between the first protective skeleton and the horizontal direction is 45° to 65°.

[0009] A vegetation layer is laid on the slope between the protective frames.

[0010] Furthermore, the first protective frame of the spaced-out protective frame is equipped with concrete wedges, and GNSS monitoring points are installed on the concrete wedges. A GNSS monitoring station is located at the top of the slope. The GNSS monitoring points and the GNSS monitoring station are on the same straight line. The GNSS monitoring points are used to monitor the displacement of the protective frame and transmit the signal to the GNSS monitoring station through the GNSS satellite. The GNSS monitoring station receives the information from multiple GNSS monitoring points and determines the displacement coordinates of the protective frame in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the first and second protective frames, the second protective frame, and the first protective frame of another frame unit are all connected by mortise and tenon joints, which restricts the movement of the first and second protective frames along the direction of resisting water flow.

[0012] Furthermore, the first protective frame is provided with a first reserved fixing hole and a second reserved fixing hole at its end, and a fifth reserved fixing hole at its middle position; the second protective frame is provided with a third reserved fixing hole and a fourth reserved fixing hole at its end; expansive soil nails are inserted into the first reserved fixing hole and the fourth reserved fixing hole to anchor the first and second protective frames in the slope soil; the second reserved fixing hole and the third reserved fixing hole that are close to each other are connected and fixed by a convex pressure plate, and are anchored in the slope soil by the expansive soil nails;

[0013] The connecting ears on both sides of the convex pressure plate are provided with holes. The convex pressure plate is placed directly above the connection of the two straight frames. The two holes of the convex pressure plate are aligned with the second reserved fixing hole and the third reserved fixing hole, respectively. The convex pressure plate, the first protective frame and the second protective frame are anchored together in the slope soil by the expansion soil nail.

[0014] Furthermore, the first protective frame, which has a fifth pre-reserved fixing hole, has transverse reinforcing plates fixed on both its left and right sides. The transverse reinforcing plate includes a main body with a trapezoidal cross-section. The smaller side of the trapezoidal cross-section of the main body has a connecting ear with a first pre-reserved expansive soil nail hole. The expansive soil nail passes through the first pre-reserved expansive soil nail hole to fix the transverse reinforcing plate in the slope soil. The larger side of the trapezoidal cross-section of the main body has a bolt hole. The bolt hole matches the size and position of the fifth pre-reserved fixing hole. The bolt passes through the bolt hole and the fifth pre-reserved fixing hole to connect and fasten the transverse reinforcing plate and the straight frame. A drainage hole is provided near the bottom of the main body. The axis of the drainage hole is parallel to the straight frame. The transverse reinforcing plate is buried 20-25cm deep in the slope soil so that the ground line passes through the drainage hole.

[0015] Furthermore, a metal cover is provided at the interlocking position of the protective frame. The reserved convex pressure plate hole on the metal cover matches the shape of the convex pressure plate and fits tightly against the surface of the convex pressure plate. The reserved bolt cap hole on the metal cover matches the expansion soil nail at the first reserved fixing hole and the fourth reserved fixing hole. The metal cover fits tightly against the interlocking position of the protective frame and is fixed to the slope soil by the expansion soil nail passing through the second reserved expansion soil nail hole.

[0016] Furthermore, stairs are provided on both sides of the slope, and a gap of 0.5 to 0.75m is left between the interlocking position of the skeleton near the stairs and the stairs, and a reinforcement layer is provided in the gap; water interception ditch and drainage ditch are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the slope, which are connected to the drainage channel.

[0017] Furthermore, both the reinforcement layer and the protective frame are made of eco-friendly flexible concrete, which consists of the following parts by weight: 925-960 parts coarse aggregate, 870-930 parts fine aggregate, 420-460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125-160 parts water, 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, 20-25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3-4 parts basalt fiber, 15-20 parts nano-rubber particles, and 5-7 parts water-reducing agent.

[0018] A construction method for an anti-erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. Clean and level the slope surface, and perform slope cutting according to the designed slope ratio;

[0020] S2. Based on the actual length of the slope, a prefabricated ecological flexible concrete protective frame is transported to the construction site and installed using a crane.

[0021] S3. Locate the placement position of each skeleton unit, assemble the skeleton unit, and initially fix the skeleton unit on the slope.

[0022] S4. Apply an ecological modifier to the surface of the skeleton unit. The ecological modifier includes the following components by mass: 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, and 20-25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii.

[0023] S5. Fill the gaps between adjacent frame units with sealant and attach waterproof tape at the joints;

[0024] S6. Stairs are provided on both sides of the slope. Ecological flexible concrete is evenly applied to the surface of the gap between the staircase and the frame to form a reinforcement layer. Apply 2 to 3 times, each time 4 to 5 mm thick.

[0025] S7. Strengthen the connection between the fixed frame units, put metal covers on the positions where the frame units interlock, and anchor the metal covers to the slope.

[0026] S8. Lay a vegetation layer on the slope between the protective frames: Mix the treated plant seeds with water-retaining agent, organic compound fertilizer, and mud evenly, and spray evenly to a thickness of 3-5 cm; at a rate of 1 L / m 2 ~1.2L / m 2 The dosage is as follows: Spray the *Bacillus pasteurellii* bacterial solution evenly onto the slope, let it stand for 1-2 hours, then spray the cementing solution (urea and calcium chloride mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio) evenly onto the slope. The concentration of the cementing solution is 0.1 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L, and the spraying rate is 2 L / m². 2 ~2.22L / m 2 ;

[0027] S9. Install GNSS monitoring points on a row of protective frames at intervals, and install a GNSS monitoring station at the top of the slope. The GNSS monitoring points and the GNSS monitoring station are on the same straight line.

[0028] Furthermore, the method for preparing the ecological flexible concrete includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Weigh the following components in parts by mass: 925-960 parts coarse aggregate, 870-930 parts fine aggregate, 420-460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125-160 parts water, 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, 20-25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3-4 parts basalt fiber, 15-20 parts nano-rubber particles, and 5-7 parts water-reducing agent.

[0030] Step 2: Mix the weighed urea, calcium chloride and Bacillus pasteurellii, keep the pH in the range of 6 to 8, and stir at a speed of 200 r / min to 300 r / min to obtain the ecological conditioner.

[0031] Step 3: Take 15% to 18% of the mass of the water taken in Step 1, add basalt fiber and stir to mix evenly to obtain a premix.

[0032] Step 4: After mixing the remaining water with the coarse and fine aggregates, add the sulfoaluminate cement, premix, ecological modifier, water-reducing agent, and nano rubber particles in sequence, and then mix and stir to obtain ecological flexible concrete.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] 1. Compared to other slope protection structures, this invention employs multiple types of support and protection frames, which are combined into a rhomboid structure, resulting in excellent stability. Furthermore, the invention utilizes an open linear structure, allowing rainwater to flow directly along the slope frame to the drainage ditch during rainfall. This prevents blockages caused by large water flows or debris, thus mitigating slope erosion during heavy rains. This invention balances drainage and stability, reducing rainwater damage to slopes.

[0035] 2. The key feature of this invention is the prefabrication of the slope protection framework in a factory, followed by the on-site deployment of prefabricated components. Traditional roadbed protection projects often employ on-site casting of protective structures, which presents challenges such as high construction difficulty, high cost, and long construction periods. To address this issue, this invention proposes a prefabricated protective structure factory production and assembly-type construction process, effectively solving the aforementioned problems. This prefabricated protective structure factory production and assembly-type construction process improves the quality of roadbed slope protection projects while reducing project costs, significantly decreasing the personnel and equipment required for slope protection construction, accelerating project progress, and effectively ensuring project quality. It also better meets the requirements of civilized construction and environmental protection.

[0036] 3. The various protective frames of this invention are connected using an interlocking mortise and tenon structure. The advantages of the mortise and tenon structure include stability and durability, simple structure, convenient installation, and increased service life of connectors and building materials. Furthermore, when slope deformation and damage occur, the damaged protective frame can be replaced promptly. The replacement method is convenient and rapid, improving the cyclic service life of the slope and reducing slope repair costs.

[0037] 4. The first and third protective frames of this invention are reinforced with transverse reinforcing plates on the left and right sides in the middle. The transverse reinforcing plates can effectively increase the stability and rigidity of the frame, prevent lateral displacement and deformation of the frame, and distribute the load more evenly on the entire structure, thereby improving the stress state of the components and reducing local stress concentration. The drainage holes of the transverse reinforcing plates are more conducive to slope drainage by being buried deeper, and will not cause rainwater to accumulate at the transverse reinforcing plates. At the same time, metal covers are added at the interlocking positions of the frames. The holes on the metal covers are completely overlapped with the frames at the interlocking positions and fit tightly to prevent rainwater from seeping in and accumulating. The corrosion effect of the expansive soil nails can effectively increase the integrity of the interlocking positions of the frames and increase the service life of the slope.

[0038] 5. The protective structure of this invention is made of eco-friendly flexible concrete with added eco-modifiers. When easily collapsible soft rock slopes face prolonged or heavy rainfall, causing slope slippage and deformation and cracking of the slope framework, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation technology can repair concrete cracks. Simultaneously, by decomposing organic matter and producing gel substances, the porosity of the concrete can be reduced, increasing its density. The added calcium chloride solution provides more calcium source for the microbial mineralization reaction, resulting in superior protective effects. Furthermore, the eco-friendly flexible concrete incorporates basalt fibers and nano-rubber particles. The combined effect of the basalt fibers and nano-rubber particles is significant. The basalt fibers effectively improve the concrete's impermeability and tensile strength, preventing rainwater erosion and surface spalling and pulverization. The addition of nano-rubber particles increases the concrete's compressive strength and flexibility, reducing internal cracking. The complementary effect of these two components brings a comprehensive improvement to the concrete's performance.

[0039] 6. This invention involves spraying Bacillus pasteurellium bacterial solution and cementing solution into the slope soil. Based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation, this soil solidification technology is a novel approach with advantages such as rapid reaction, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Experimental studies have been conducted in soil improvement, soil seepage prevention, and modified silt, achieving good results. The urea in the cementing solution, while being decomposed by bacteria, provides a nitrogen source for plants, promoting their growth. Simultaneously, the water retention capacity of the slope is significantly improved, effectively increasing the vegetation coverage. The vegetation not only reduces the kinetic energy of raindrops and promotes rainfall infiltration, but its root system also reinforces and anchors the soil. This creates a comprehensive prevention and control measure combining solidification treatment and vegetation cover on the slope. In summary, the vegetation on the slope after mineralization reinforcement treatment significantly reduces the erosion caused by rainfall, improves the overall strength and erosion resistance of the slope. This invention not only improves slope stability and road safety but also achieves ecological restoration and highway beautification, aligning with the concepts of sustainable development and green highway construction.

[0040] 7. This invention employs a GNSS monitoring system to monitor the real-time displacement of multiple points on a slope. Once displacement occurs, the GNSS receiver calculates and resolves the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the target object by receiving signals from GNSS satellites. This information is then transmitted to the terminal device to trigger an alarm, enabling early detection of potential slope safety hazards and improving the efficiency and safety of slope management. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the protective structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the protective frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a GNSS monitoring station in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the expansive soil nail and the convex pressure plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 5a This is a schematic diagram of the transverse reinforcement plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5b This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the transverse reinforcing plate and the second protective frame in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6a This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the metal cover in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 6b This is an exploded view of the metal cover in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 6c This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the metal cover in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 7 This invention relates to the effect of basalt fiber content on eco-friendly flexible concrete in this embodiment.

[0052] Figure 8 This invention relates to the effect of the amount of nano-rubber particles on eco-friendly flexible concrete in this embodiment.

[0053] Figure 9 This embodiment of the invention illustrates the impact of microorganisms on slope vegetation coverage.

[0054] Figure 10 This invention relates to the effect of microorganisms on the erosion resistance of slopes.

[0055] In the diagram, 1. Protective frame, 2. First protective frame, 3. Second protective frame, 4. Third protective frame, 5. Concrete wedge, 6. Reinforcement layer, 7. First reserved fixing hole, 8. Second reserved fixing hole, 9. Third reserved fixing hole, 10. Fourth reserved fixing hole, 11. Fifth reserved fixing hole, 12. Expansion nail, 13. Convex pressure plate, 14. Horizontal reinforcement plate, 15. Drainage hole, 16. Bolt hole, 17. First reserved expansion nail hole, 18. Metal cover, 19. Reserved bolt cap hole, 20. Reserved convex pressure plate hole, 21. Second reserved expansion nail hole, 22. Staircase, 23. Intercepting ditch, 24. Drainage ditch, 25. Vegetation layer, 26. GNSS monitoring station, 27. Base, 28. Support, 29. Solar panel, 30. Antenna, 31. Equipment chassis, 32. GNSS receiver. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1,

[0058] A scour protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, it includes multiple skeleton units with the same structure. Each skeleton unit includes a straight first protective skeleton 2 and a second protective skeleton 3, with the ends fitting together at right angles to form an L shape. Figure 2 In the middle, the left frame is equipped with concrete wedges 5. In order to distinguish it from the right frame without concrete wedges 5 in the description, the left frame with concrete wedges 5 is labeled as the third protective frame 4. The third protective frame 4 and the first protective frame 2 are structurally the same except for whether or not concrete wedges 5 are provided.

[0059] The ends of two adjacent skeleton units are interlocked at right angles, extending in a Z-shape to form a row of protective skeletons 1; specifically, starting from the left side of the slope, the first row of protective skeletons is formed by the second protective skeleton 3 and the third protective skeleton 4 interlocking at 90°, the second row of protective skeletons is formed by the first protective skeleton 2 and the second protective skeleton 3 interlocking at 90°, and so on, each subsequent row of protective skeletons is arranged in this order.

[0060] The two adjacent protective frames 1 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right, and the two adjacent protective frames 1 are completely separated and open to form a drainage channel; the angle between the first protective frame 2 and the horizontal direction is 45° to 65°. If the angle is too small, the drainage effect of the frame is not very good. If it is too large, the length of the second protective frame 3 will be too short, resulting in low frame stability.

[0061] In some embodiments, when the angle between the first protective frame 2 and the horizontal direction is 60°, it also has the advantages of minimal prefabrication difficulty, economy and best performance, making it easy to use a unified mold, and enabling mass production and replacement during subsequent promotion.

[0062] A vegetation layer 25 is laid on the slope between the protective frames 1. The vegetation layer 25 can reinforce the soil on the surface of the roadbed slope, thereby increasing the stability of the roadbed slope, effectively improving the protective effect of the protective structure on the road slope, and realizing ecological restoration and highway beautification, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development and green highway construction.

[0063] In existing slope protection structures, most slope protection structures are closed or semi-closed, which easily leads to water accumulation near the drainage outlet during rainfall. However, the protective frame 1 of this invention is open, allowing rainwater to flow directly along the edge of the frame to the drainage ditch 24 during rainfall. This can promptly drain a large amount of residual water inside the frame structure, reducing drainage obstruction, making drainage smoother, and improving drainage performance.

[0064] GNSS monitoring points are installed on the concrete wedges 5 of the third protective frame 4 in a row of interlocking protective frames 1. Because the range of the GNSS monitoring points is large, it is not necessary to place GNSS monitoring points in every row of frames. Specifically, no GNSS monitoring points are placed in the row of frames where the first protective frame 2 and the second protective frame 3 are interlocked, while GNSS monitoring points are placed in the row of frames where the second protective frame 3 and the third protective frame 4 are interlocked.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first protective frame 2 and the second protective frame 3, and the third protective frame 4 are connected by mortise and tenon joints, which restricts the movement of the two straight frames along the direction of resisting water flow, improving the stability of the frames while facilitating disassembly. The first protective frame 2 has a first reserved fixing hole 7 and a second reserved fixing hole 8 at its ends, and a fifth reserved fixing hole 11 at the middle position of each. The second protective frame 3 has a third reserved fixing hole 9 and a fourth reserved fixing hole 10 at its ends. Expansion nails 12 are inserted into the first reserved fixing holes 7 and the fourth reserved fixing holes 10, passing through the first protective frame 2 and the second protective frame 3, and anchored in the slope soil. The adjacent second reserved fixing holes 8 and the third reserved fixing hole 9 are connected and fixed by a convex pressure plate 13.

[0066] In practical applications, since the length of the first protective frame 2 is greater than that of the second protective frame 3, adding a transverse reinforcing plate 14 to the first protective frame 2 is sufficient to reduce transverse offset. There is no need to add extra cost to set transverse reinforcing plates 14 on both sides of the second protective frame 3.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the connecting ears on both sides of the convex pressure plate 13 are provided with holes. The convex pressure plate 13 is placed directly above the connection of the two straight frames. The two holes of the convex pressure plate 13 are aligned with the second reserved fixing hole 8 and the third reserved fixing hole 9, respectively. The convex pressure plate 13, together with the first protective frame 2 and the second protective frame 3, are anchored in the slope soil by the expansion soil nails 12, which improves the stability of the entire protective frame 1, protects the deep soil of the slope, and fixes the position of the protective frame 1, preventing the ecological flexible concrete frame from sliding and becoming unstable on the slope, and providing deep protection for the slope. In addition, the expansion soil nails 12 and the convex pressure plate 13 are both easy-to-disassemble devices. When the slope frame is displaced and damaged, the protective frame 1 can be replaced by removing the expansion soil nails 12 and the convex pressure plate 13.

[0068] In some embodiments, such as Figures 5a-5b As shown, the straight frame (first protective frame 2 and third protective frame 4) with the fifth reserved fixing hole 11 is fixed with transverse reinforcing plates 14 on both the left and right sides. The transverse reinforcing plates 14 can effectively increase the stability and rigidity of the frame, prevent the frame from lateral displacement and deformation, distribute the load more evenly on the entire structure, thereby improving the stress state of the components and reducing local stress concentration.

[0069] The transverse reinforcement plate 14 includes a trapezoidal main body. A connecting lug is provided on the smaller side of the trapezoidal section of the main body. A first pre-drilled expansive soil nail hole 17 is provided on the connecting lug. An expansive soil nail 12 passes through the first pre-drilled expansive soil nail hole 17 to fix the transverse reinforcement plate 14 in the slope soil. A bolt hole 16 is provided on the larger side of the trapezoidal section of the main body. The bolt hole 16 matches the size and position of the fifth pre-drilled fixing hole 11. Bolts pass through the bolt hole 16 and the fifth pre-drilled fixing hole 11 to connect and secure the transverse reinforcement plate 14 to the linear frame. An installation hole communicating with the bolt hole 16 is provided on the upper surface of the main body. During installation, bolts are passed through the fifth pre-drilled fixing hole 11 of the linear frame. The transverse reinforcement plate 14 is placed on both sides of the linear frame. Bolts are inserted into the bolt holes 16 of the transverse reinforcement plate 14. Nuts are tightened into the installation holes of the transverse reinforcement plate 14 to connect and secure the transverse reinforcement plate 14 to the linear frame.

[0070] Drainage holes 15 are provided near the bottom of the main body, and the axis of drainage holes 15 is parallel to the straight frame. The transverse reinforcement plate 14 is buried 20-25cm deep into the slope soil so that the ground line passes through the drainage holes 15, which is conducive to drainage and avoids rainwater accumulation. At the same time, it makes the transverse reinforcement plate 14 more reliable.

[0071] In some embodiments, such as Figures 6a-6c As shown, a metal cover 18 is installed at the interlocking position of the protective frame 1. The metal cover 18 is provided with a reserved bolt cap hole 19, a reserved convex pressure plate hole 20, and a second reserved expansive soil nail hole 21. The metal cover 18 fits tightly with the interlocking position of the protective frame 1. It is fixed to the slope soil by the expansive soil nail 12 passing through the second reserved expansive soil nail hole 21. The reserved convex pressure plate hole 20 on the metal cover 18 matches the shape of the convex pressure plate 13 and fits tightly with the surface of the convex pressure plate 13. The reserved bolt cap hole 19 matches the expansive soil nail 12 at the first reserved fixing hole 7 and the fourth reserved fixing hole 10 to prevent rainwater infiltration and accumulation, protect the expansive soil nail 12, and effectively increase the integrity of the interlocking position of the frame and increase the service life of the slope.

[0072] In some embodiments, staircases 22 are provided on both sides of the slope structure to facilitate workers to go up and down the slope after construction is completed, enabling slope monitoring and maintenance of the protective frame 1. A gap of 0.5 to 0.75m is left between each interlocking position of the frame near the staircase 22 and the staircase 22, and a reinforcement layer 6 is provided in the gap. When encountering heavy rainfall or prolonged rainfall, the gaps left between the interlocking positions of the frame and the staircase can promptly drain rainwater flowing down from the staircase 22 and from the top of the slope along the protective frame 1. At the same time, this location will be subject to more rainwater erosion than other slope surfaces, so the reinforcement layer 6 can effectively resist the intensity and frequency of rainwater erosion, increasing the service life and stability of the slope.

[0073] In some embodiments, intercepting ditch 23 and drainage ditch 24 are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the slope. The cross-section of intercepting ditch 23 and drainage ditch 24 is trapezoidal. The height of the ditch is 0.6m and the width of the ground is 0.6m. The slopes on the left and right sides of the ditch are both 1:1. The main function of intercepting ditch 23 is to intercept surface water flowing from the hillside to the slope, prevent soil erosion, and maintain soil and water stability. The main function of drainage ditch 24 is to drain rainwater, surface water, groundwater, etc. flowing from the slope to the road in a timely manner, lower the groundwater level, prevent soil saturation, reduce pressure on roads and other structures, and ensure the stability and safety of buildings and roads.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , 3As shown, a GNSS monitoring station 26 is installed at the top of the slope. The GNSS monitoring station 26 includes a base 27, a support column 28, a solar panel 29, an antenna 30, an equipment chassis 31, and a GNSS receiver 32.

[0075] GNSS monitoring points are placed on concrete wedges 5, and GNSS monitoring station 26 is placed on the slope top. The GNSS monitoring points and GNSS monitoring station 26 are on the same straight line. The GNSS monitoring points monitor the displacement of the skeletal structure at their location and transmit the data to GNSS monitoring station 26. GNSS monitoring station 26, using imported known precise coordinates and combining them with satellite positioning coordinates, calculates corrected satellite positioning data through its internal program and transmits the corrected data to each GNSS monitoring point via wireless communication. The GNSS monitoring points, using satellite positioning coordinates and the acquired corrected data from the GNSS monitoring station, upload the corrected data to the platform via the 5G network. The platform processes and analyzes the relevant information received from the GNSS monitoring points. Displacement monitoring is performed on the GNSS monitoring points of the slope. Once displacement occurs, GNSS receiver 32 calculates and resolves the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the target object by receiving signals from the satellite. The information is then transmitted to the terminal device to trigger an alarm, enabling early detection of potential slope safety hazards and improving the efficiency and safety of slope management. The specific structure of the GNSS monitoring point or GNSS monitoring station 26 is known in the art.

[0076] Vegetation layer 25 is seeded by a hydroseeder at a rate of 1L / m 2 ~1.2L / m 2 After evenly spraying the Bacillus pasteurellium bacterial solution and allowing it to stand for 1–2 hours, evenly spray a cementing solution of 0.1 mol / L–0.2 mol / L urea and calcium chloride mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 onto the vegetation layer 25. The spraying rate of the cementing solution is 2 L / m². 2 ~2.22L / m 2 In this embodiment of the invention, Bacillus pasteurellium inoculum and cementing solution are sprayed into the slope soil. Soil solidification technology based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation is a novel technology that can significantly reduce the erosion effect of rainfall on the slope and improve the overall strength and erosion resistance of the slope.

[0077] Example 2,

[0078] Both the reinforcement layer 6 and the protective frame 1 are made of ecological flexible concrete, which consists of the following parts by weight: 925-960 parts coarse aggregate, 870-930 parts fine aggregate, 420-460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125-160 parts water, 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, 20-25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3-4 parts basalt fiber, 15-20 parts nano rubber particles, and 5-7 parts water-reducing agent.

[0079] Preparation method of eco-friendly flexible concrete:

[0080] Step 1: Weigh the following components in parts by mass: 925-960 parts coarse aggregate, 870-930 parts fine aggregate, 420-460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125-160 parts water, 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, 20-25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3-4 parts basalt fiber, 15-20 parts nano-rubber particles, and 5-7 parts water-reducing agent.

[0081] Step 2: Mix urea, calcium chloride and Bacillus pasteurellium in a ratio of (10-12):(10-12):(20-25), keep the pH in the range of 6-8, and stir at a speed of 200 r / min-300 r / min to obtain the ecological conditioner.

[0082] Step 3: Take 15% to 18% of the mass of the water taken in Step 1, add basalt fiber and stir to mix evenly to obtain a premix;

[0083] Step 4: After mixing the remaining water with the coarse and fine aggregates, add the sulfoaluminate cement, premix, ecological modifier, water-reducing agent, and nano rubber particles in sequence, and then mix and stir to obtain ecological flexible concrete.

[0084] In this embodiment, basalt fiber is a pure natural mineral fiber made from natural basalt through high-temperature melting and drawing. When mixed into concrete, basalt fiber can improve the tensile strength of the concrete and reduce the likelihood of crack formation. Compared to other fiber materials, basalt fiber also has better abrasion resistance and impermeability, making it suitable for environments with high rainfall and water flow. It can effectively prevent aggregate exposure and crack expansion caused by water erosion. However, basalt fiber does not significantly improve the compressive strength of concrete. Adding nano-rubber particles can increase the compressive strength and flexibility of concrete, reducing the formation of internal cracks. The complementary effect of the two components improves the performance of concrete from the surface to the core.

[0085] In this embodiment, the ecological conditioner is a mixture of urea, calcium chloride, and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of (10-12):(10-12):(20-25), with the pH maintained between 6 and 8 and the stirring speed between 200 and 300 rpm. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the family Bacillaceae. Adding Bacillus subtilis to concrete primarily serves the following functions: Bacillus subtilis can remove calcium ions (Ca) from the environment... 2+The urea is converted into calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and deposited on the concrete surface. The urease produced by Bacillus pasteurella decomposes the urea, generating ammonium and carbonate ions. The added calcium chloride provides an additional source of calcium ions (CaCO3). 2+ This process ultimately forms a biomineral coating. This coating improves the durability, waterproofing, and erosion resistance of concrete; the calcification produced by Bacillus pasteurellii reduces concrete shrinkage and cracks, thereby improving the intrinsic quality of the concrete; Bacillus pasteurellii also has self-healing capabilities, as the bacteria calcify when cracks appear in the concrete, causing the cracks to heal again. In this embodiment, urea and calcium chloride are also added, increasing the concentration of calcium ions and providing more calcium source for the mineralization reaction that occurs through microorganisms.

[0086] In this embodiment, the fine aggregate is natural sand or recycled fine aggregate with a moisture content ≤0.5% and a fineness modulus of 2–3.5, preferably medium to coarse sand, with an average particle size between 0.35 and 0.5 mm. The coarse aggregate is crushed stone with a maximum particle size of no more than 20 mm and a minimum particle size of no less than 5 mm. The cement used is sulfoaluminate cement, which has early strength and high durability characteristics and can be used for projects with short construction periods. Furthermore, compared to traditional cement, sulfoaluminate cement has a lower pH, providing a favorable pH environment for Bacillus pasteurellii and improving its survival rate. Nano-rubber particles, as fillers, can effectively fill the pores within the coarse and fine aggregates of the eco-flexible concrete, increasing its elasticity, reducing cracks and bending during use, and improving the flexibility of the eco-flexible concrete components.

[0087] Example 2.1: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete:

[0088] Step 1: Weigh the following components in parts by mass: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 0 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent.

[0089] Step 2: Mix the weighed urea, calcium chloride, and Bacillus pasteurellii (mass ratio 1:1:2), maintain the pH at 7.5, and stir at 200 r / min to obtain the ecological conditioner.

[0090] Step 3: Take 16% of the mass of water taken in Step 1, add basalt fiber (since the basalt fiber content is 0 parts, the step of adding basalt fiber is omitted) and stir to mix evenly to obtain a premix.

[0091] Step 4: After mixing the remaining water with the coarse and fine aggregates, add the sulfoaluminate cement, premix, ecological modifier, water-reducing agent, and nano rubber particles in sequence, and then mix and stir to obtain ecological flexible concrete.

[0092] Example 2.2: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 925 parts coarse aggregate, 870 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 1 part basalt fiber, 15 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.1.

[0093] Example 2.3: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 960 parts coarse aggregate, 930 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 2 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.1.

[0094] Example 2.4: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete:

[0095] Step 1: Weigh out the following quantities: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 420 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent.

[0096] Step 2: Mix the weighed urea, calcium chloride, and Bacillus pasteurellium (mass ratio 1:1:2), maintain the pH at 6, and stir at 300 r / min to obtain the ecological conditioner.

[0097] Step 3: Take 15% of the mass of the water weighed in Step 1, add basalt fiber and stir to mix evenly to obtain a premix;

[0098] Step 4: After mixing the remaining water with the coarse and fine aggregates, add the sulfoaluminate cement, premix, ecological modifier, water-reducing agent, and nano rubber particles in sequence, and then mix and stir to obtain ecological flexible concrete.

[0099] Example 2.5: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete:

[0100] Step 1: Weigh out the following quantities: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 160 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 4 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent.

[0101] Step 2: Mix the weighed urea, calcium chloride, and Bacillus pasteurellium (mass ratio 1:1:2), maintain the pH at 8, and stir at 250 r / min to obtain the ecological conditioner.

[0102] Step 3: Take 18% of the mass of the water taken in Step 1, add basalt fiber and stir to mix evenly to obtain a premix;

[0103] Step 4: After mixing the remaining water with the coarse and fine aggregates, add the sulfoaluminate cement, premix, ecological modifier, water-reducing agent, and nano rubber particles in sequence, and then mix and stir to obtain ecological flexible concrete.

[0104] Example 2.6: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 11 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 23 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 5 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.1.

[0105] Example 2.7: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 12 parts urea, 12 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 6 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.1.

[0106] Example 2.8: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 11 parts calcium chloride, 25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 7 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.1.

[0107] Example 2.9: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 8 parts basalt fiber, 18 parts nano-rubber particles, and 5 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.1.

[0108] Example 2.10: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 9 parts basalt fiber, 20 parts nano-rubber particles, and 7 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.1.

[0109] Example 2.11: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete:

[0110] Step 1: Weigh the following components in parts by mass: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 11 parts nano rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent.

[0111] Step 2: Mix the weighed urea, calcium chloride, and Bacillus pasteurellii (mass ratio 1:1:2), maintain the pH in the range of 7.5, and stir at a speed of 200 r / min to obtain the ecological conditioner.

[0112] Step 3: Take 16% of the mass of the water taken in Step 1, add basalt fiber and stir to mix evenly to obtain a premix;

[0113] Step 4: After mixing the remaining water with the coarse and fine aggregates, add the sulfoaluminate cement, premix, ecological modifier, water-reducing agent, and nano rubber particles in sequence, and then mix and stir to obtain ecological flexible concrete.

[0114] Example 2.12: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 925 parts coarse aggregate, 870 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 13 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0115] Example 2.13: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 960 parts coarse aggregate, 930 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 15 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0116] Example 2.14: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 420 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 18 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0117] Example 2.15: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 160 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 20 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0118] Example 2.16: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 11 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 23 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 23 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0119] Example 2.17: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 12 parts urea, 12 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 26 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0120] Example 2.18: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 11 parts calcium chloride, 25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3 parts basalt fiber, 28 parts nano-rubber particles, and 6 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0121] Example 2.19: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 430 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 155 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 4 parts basalt fiber, 31 parts nano-rubber particles, and 5 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0122] Example 2.20: A method for preparing eco-friendly flexible concrete, comprising the following weights: 950 parts coarse aggregate, 880 parts fine aggregate, 460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 160 parts water, 10 parts urea, 10 parts calcium chloride, 20 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 4 parts basalt fiber, 33 parts nano-rubber particles, and 7 parts water-reducing agent; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.11.

[0123] The main difference between Examples 2.1-2.10 lies in using different proportions of basalt fiber to analyze the impermeability and flowability of the eco-friendly flexible concrete. Figure 7As shown in the curves, the horizontal axis represents the number of basalt fibers, and the left vertical axis represents the average water seepage height of the eco-friendly flexible concrete. The impermeability test was conducted according to the "Test Procedures for Cement and Cement Concrete in Highway Engineering" (JTG 3420-2020), which tested the water seepage height at different locations of cement concrete under given time and water pressure conditions. The right vertical axis represents the slump of the eco-friendly flexible concrete to indicate its fluidity. When the number of basalt fibers increases, the impermeability of the eco-friendly flexible concrete initially improves. However, when the number of basalt fibers increases to a certain level, the impermeability of the eco-friendly flexible concrete decreases significantly. This is because when excessive basalt fibers are added to the concrete, the fiber uniformity decreases, and even "clumping" occurs, while the internal porosity and microcracks of the concrete increase instead of decreasing. However, the slump continuously decreases, indicating that more basalt fiber is not necessarily better. Excessive addition may lead to a decrease in the workability of the concrete, such as reduced fluidity and pumpability, while also increasing costs. Concrete generally uses a strength grade of C30. According to the national standard "Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete" (GB / 50081-202) and the specifications, the slump range of C30 concrete is 12±2cm. If the slump of the concrete is less than 10cm or greater than 14cm, the test should be repeated. Therefore, based on the curve and design specifications, the optimal number of basalt fibers is 3-4 parts.

[0124] The main difference between Examples 2.11-2.20 lies in using different proportions of nano-rubber particles to analyze the compressive strength and elastic modulus of eco-friendly flexible concrete. Figure 8 As shown in the curves, the horizontal axis represents the number of nano-rubber particles, the left vertical axis represents the compressive strength of the eco-friendly flexible concrete, and the right vertical axis represents its elastic modulus. When the number of nano-rubber particles increases, the elastic modulus of the eco-friendly flexible concrete continuously increases. A higher elastic modulus means stronger resistance to elastic deformation, enabling it to withstand greater loads and improving its load-bearing capacity. However, the compressive strength of the eco-friendly flexible concrete initially increases and then decreases. This is because while an appropriate amount of nano-rubber particles can enhance the deformation resistance and increase load-bearing capacity, excessive amounts may occupy too much space, reducing the concrete's density and thus lowering its compressive strength. The "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" stipulates that the design value for the compressive strength of C30 concrete is 14.3 MPa. Based on the curves and the design code, an optimal number of nano-rubber particles (15–20 parts) is recommended.

[0125] Example 2.21,

[0126] Experiments on the efficiency of microbial mineralization reaction under different cementing solution concentrations:

[0127] Four concentration gradient cementing solutions were prepared with concentrations of 0.1 mol / L, 0.2 mol / L, 0.4 mol / L, 0.6 mol / L, and 1.0 mol / L, respectively. The molar ratio of urea to calcium chloride was 1:1, and 5 cm³ of cementitious material was added to each solution. 3 Ecological flexible concrete blocks (without ecological modifiers), that is, ecological flexible concrete blocks with the same proportions as step 1 in Example 2.14, except without the addition of calcium chloride, urea and Bacillus pasteurellii; 50ml plastic centrifuge tubes were used as reaction containers for the generation of calcium carbonate.

[0128] To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, each experiment was repeated in triplicate. First, 20 mL of the pre-prepared cementing solution was added, followed by 20 mL of Bacillus pasteurellium culture. After shaking and reacting for 12 hours, the amount of calcium carbonate produced and the yield of calcium carbonate were measured.

[0129] As a control, a group was set up without adding calcium chloride, i.e., without adding any other external calcium source solution, but adding 10 mL of 0.1 mol / L urea, with a volume of 5 cm³. 3 Ecological flexible concrete blocks (without ecological modifiers) were tested in triplicate in each group. 20 ml of Bacillus pasteurellium bacterial solution was added, and after shaking and reacting for 12 hours, the calcium carbonate production and calcium carbonate yield were measured. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0130] Table 1. Test results of Example 2.21

[0131] Calcium carbonate production (g) 0.07 0.28 0.31 0.53 0.84 1.1 Calcium carbonate yield (%) 30.4 87.2 82.5 72.1 63.5 57.2

[0132] As can be seen from Table 1, when calcium chloride solution is not added as an external calcium source, and only ecological flexible concrete blocks are considered as the calcium source, the yield and production rate of calcium carbonate are much lower than those with calcium chloride solution added.

[0133] Experiments revealed that a higher cementitious solution concentration is not always better. While increasing the concentration led to increased calcium carbonate production, efficiency decreased. At high concentrations, these substances actually inhibited the hydrolysis reaction. High concentrations of ionic solutions disrupted the balance of free water and ions in the cytoplasm, leading to mass cell death and negatively impacting the microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation process. Therefore, considering all factors, a cementitious solution concentration of 0.1 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L is optimal.

[0134] Microbial slope soil test

[0135] I. Vegetation Experiment of Microbial Slope Soil

[0136] The success of plant growth and development in soil containing microorganisms is crucial. Therefore, pre-planting experiments on microbial slope soils are essential. Vegetation experiments on microbial slope soils are compared by contrasting the results with and without the addition of microorganisms. Thus, a pre-planting experiment was conducted using ryegrass as the selected plant species. The plant cover rate was measured as the ratio of the area covered by 10cm square sheets of paper without grass to the total area, to assess the vegetation performance of the microbial slope soil. Figure 9 As can be seen, the horizontal axis represents the number of days the plants grow, and the vertical axis represents the vegetation coverage rate. The vegetation coverage rate of the slope with added microorganisms can reach 95%, which shows that microorganisms can effectively increase the vegetation coverage rate of the slope by increasing soil fertility.

[0137] II. Scour Resistance Test of Microbial Slope Soil

[0138] Rainfall poses two main hazards to slopes: firstly, after erosion, surface runoff forms on the slope surface, washing away soil and causing soil erosion; secondly, as rainfall continues, water seeps into the slope, increasing its water content and reducing its shear strength. Rainwater infiltration into the soil can trigger large-scale landslides, posing a safety hazard. Therefore, employing appropriate methods for slope erosion protection is essential. Figure 10 As can be seen, the horizontal axis represents the erosion rate, representing different rainfall intensities, while the vertical axis represents the weight of eroded soil (erosion amount). The greater the amount of eroded soil, the weaker the erosion resistance. The experiment included three control groups: a slope with no microorganisms, a slope with microorganisms, and a slope with vegetation. The curves show that the slope with microorganisms has a greater erosion resistance than the slope without microorganisms, and the slope with vegetation has a significantly greater erosion resistance than the other two groups. This indicates that the microorganism slope soil can intercept lost soil and water. When rainwater passes through the microorganism slope soil, it carries away the surface soil of the slope. Larger soil particles are intercepted on the slope due to its uneven surface. Therefore, ecological flexible concrete has a good slope protection effect in intercepting lost soil and water. Simultaneously, the microorganism slope soil provides a suitable environment for plant growth, with high vegetation coverage, rapid growth, and a well-developed root system. These roots penetrate the ecological flexible concrete and take root in the lower slope, further strengthening the stability between the microorganism slope soil and the slope. In addition, plant stems and leaves can intercept and mitigate the direct impact of rainwater on the ground surface and ecological flexible concrete, reducing the impact of rainwater. Furthermore, after plants grow and develop in the microbial slope soil, they can beautify the environment and restore the ecosystem.

[0139] Example 3,

[0140] A construction method for an anti-erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes includes the following steps:

[0141] S1. Clean and level the slope surface, and perform slope cutting according to the designed slope ratio;

[0142] S2. Based on the actual length of the slope, the protective frame 1 is prefabricated in the factory, transported to the construction site by transport vehicle, and then hoisted and installed using a crane.

[0143] S3. Pre-determine the placement position of each skeleton unit, and insert expansion soil nails 12 through the first reserved fixing hole 7, the second reserved fixing hole 8, the third reserved fixing hole 9 and the fourth reserved fixing hole 10 to fix the skeleton unit on the slope.

[0144] S4. After all the skeleton units are arranged, apply an ecological modifier made of urea, calcium chloride and Bacillus pasteurellium in a ratio of (10-12):(10-12):(20-25) to the surface of the skeleton units. This provides a deeper level of protection to the surface of the components and makes the connection of the structure more solid.

[0145] S5. After all skeleton units have been coated for 3 days, fill the gaps between adjacent skeleton units with sealant and attach waterproof tape at the joints to prevent road surface water from seeping into the roadbed.

[0146] S6. Apply eco-friendly flexible concrete evenly to the surface of the gaps where the frames of the stairs 22 interlock, and set up a reinforcement layer 6. Apply 2 to 3 times, each time applying 4 to 5 mm.

[0147] S7. Strengthen the connection between the fixed frame units: Expansion nails 12 are inserted into the first and fourth pre-reserved fixing holes 7 and 10, respectively. The expansion nails 12 pass through the slope frame and are anchored in the slope soil. The second and third pre-reserved fixing holes 8 and 9 are connected and fixed by a convex pressure plate 13. The expansion nails 12 pass through the holes in the convex pressure plate 13 and the frame pre-reserved fixing holes, and are anchored in the slope soil. Two transverse reinforcing plates 14 are fixed to the left and right sides of the third protective frame 4 and the first protective frame 2 through the fifth pre-reserved fixing holes 11. Then, a metal cover 18 is fitted at the interlocking position of the frames. The metal cover 18 fits tightly with the interlocking position of the protective frame 1. On opposite sides, expansion nails 12 pass through the second pre-reserved expansion nail holes 21 and are fixed to the slope soil.

[0148] S8. Lay a vegetation layer 25 on the slope between the protective frames 1: After mixing the treated plant seeds with water-retaining agent, organic compound fertilizer, and mud evenly, spray the mixture evenly onto the slope using a hydroseeding machine to a thickness of 3-5 cm; at a rate of 1 L / m 2 ~1.2L / m 2The dosage is as follows: Spray the *Bacillus pasteurellii* bacterial solution evenly onto the slope, let it stand for 1-2 hours, then spray the cementing solution (urea and calcium chloride mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio) evenly onto the slope. The concentration of the cementing solution is 0.1 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L, and the spraying rate is 2 L / m². 2 ~2.22L / m 2 Regularly water and replant vegetation on the slope to ensure the survival rate of plants and the slope coverage rate.

[0149] S9. Install GNSS monitoring points on concrete wedge 5, and at the same time install GNSS monitoring station 26 on the top of the slope. The GNSS monitoring points and GNSS monitoring station 26 are on the same straight line.

[0150] When the water flow is large or the water carries other debris, blockage can easily occur at the drain outlet. This invention overcomes this problem by creating a drainage channel formed by separating and opening two adjacent rows of protective frames 1. The minimum spacing L between two adjacent rows of protective frames 1 forming the drainage channel in this invention (see...) Figure 1 The depth is 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

[0151] The minimum spacing L between two adjacent rows of protective frames 1 to form a drainage channel is 1.2m. When the minimum spacing L is less than 1.2m, the flow velocity of water draining from the middle will increase, which will increase the scouring effect on the slope. Moreover, too small a spacing means that the number of frames will increase, resulting in over-protection of the slope and unnecessary costs. If the minimum spacing L is greater than 1.5m, the supporting effect of the protective frame is weakened, the stress range of the soil is increased, resulting in excessive local stress, which can easily cause slope instability or collapse.

[0152] In this embodiment of the invention, both the reinforcement layer 6 and the protective frame 1 are made of ecological flexible concrete with specific components, which improves the durability, waterproofness, and erosion resistance of the concrete, and reduces concrete shrinkage and cracking. The specific frame structure of this embodiment of the invention improves drainage performance and stability while increasing the planting area of ​​the vegetation layer 25 and increasing the green coverage rate. The vegetation layer 25 solidifies the soil based on microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation. In summary, the ecological flexible concrete, the vegetation layer 25, and the specific frame structure of this embodiment of the invention work together to reduce the risk of slope soil erosion and soil loss, and improve slope stability.

[0153] Compared with the skeleton structure of prior art 1 (self-healing flexible concrete slope protection structure and its construction method, publication number CN 112832270 A), the skeleton structure of this embodiment of the invention has better stability when it is applied to areas with heavy rainfall and soft rock slopes in the south. Even though the protective skeleton of prior art 1 is denser than that of this embodiment, its structure can cause drainage difficulties when facing prolonged or heavy rainfall. Furthermore, on soft rock slopes, soil erosion and soft rock collapse can easily occur, carrying away mud and rocks that block narrow drainage channels, leading to continuous accumulation of rainwater, increased water content inside the slope, and increased slope instability. This can result in greater slope displacement and deformation, which will inevitably affect the stability of the skeleton over time. When used in other scenarios, the skeleton structure of this embodiment of the invention uses mortise and tenon joints for reinforcement, vertical expansion nails for reinforcement, and horizontal reinforcement plates for horizontal reinforcement, providing sufficient stability. Moreover, because it is a prefabricated structure, the components are independent, resulting in lower repair costs when the skeleton is damaged.

[0154] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A scour protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes, comprising multiple structurally identical skeleton units, characterized in that, Each of the skeleton units includes a straight first protective skeleton (2) and a second protective skeleton (3), the ends of the first protective skeleton (2) and the second protective skeleton (3) being assembled into an L-shaped skeleton unit by right-angle fitting. The ends of two adjacent skeleton units are fitted together at right angles and extend in a Z-shape to form a row of protective skeletons (1). The two adjacent rows of protective skeletons (1) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right. The two adjacent rows of protective skeletons (1) are completely separated and open to form a drainage channel. The angle between the first protective skeleton (2) and the horizontal direction is 45°~65°. A vegetation layer (25) is laid on the slope between the two adjacent rows of protective frames (1). The first protective frame (2) has a first reserved fixing hole (7) and a second reserved fixing hole (8) at its end, and a fifth reserved fixing hole (11) at its middle position; the second protective frame (3) has a third reserved fixing hole (9) and a fourth reserved fixing hole (10) at its end; expansion soil nails (12) are inserted into the first reserved fixing hole (7) and the fourth reserved fixing hole (10) to anchor the first protective frame (2) and the second protective frame (3) in the slope soil; the second reserved fixing hole (8) and the third reserved fixing hole (9) that are close to each other are connected and fixed by a convex pressure plate (13), and are anchored in the slope soil by expansion soil nails (12); Holes are provided on the connecting ears on both sides of the convex pressure plate (13). The convex pressure plate (13) is placed directly above the right angle fitting of the ends of the two straight frames. The two holes of the convex pressure plate (13) are aligned with the second reserved fixing hole (8) and the third reserved fixing hole (9) respectively. The convex pressure plate (13) is anchored together with the first protective frame (2) and the second protective frame (3) in the slope soil by means of expansion soil nails (12). The first protective frame (2) with a fifth reserved fixing hole (11) has horizontal reinforcing plates (14) fixed on both sides. The horizontal reinforcing plate (14) includes a main body with a trapezoidal cross section. The smaller side of the trapezoidal cross section of the main body has a connecting ear. The connecting ear has a first reserved expansion soil nail hole (17). The expansion soil nail (12) passes through the first reserved expansion soil nail hole (17) to fix the horizontal reinforcing plate (14) in the slope soil. The larger side of the trapezoidal cross section of the main body has a bolt hole (16). The bolt hole (16) matches the size and position of the fifth reserved fixing hole (11). The bolt passes through the bolt hole (16) and the fifth reserved fixing hole (11) to connect and fasten the two horizontal reinforcing plates (14) and the straight frame. A drainage hole (15) is provided near the bottom of the main body. The axis of the drainage hole (15) is parallel to the straight frame. The horizontal reinforcing plate (14) is buried 20-25cm deep in the slope soil so that the ground line passes through the drainage hole (15).

2. The erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, A concrete wedge (5) is provided on the first protective frame (2) of the row of protective frames (1) with intervals. A GNSS monitoring point is installed on the concrete wedge (5). A GNSS monitoring station (26) is provided on the top of the slope. The GNSS monitoring point and the GNSS monitoring station (26) are on the same straight line. The GNSS monitoring point is used to monitor the displacement of the protective frame (1). The signal is transmitted to the GNSS monitoring station (26) through the GNSS satellite. The GNSS monitoring station (26) receives the information from multiple GNSS monitoring points and determines the displacement of the protective frame (1) in real time.

3. The erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first protective frame (2) and the second protective frame (3) of each skeleton unit, the second protective frame (3) of each skeleton unit and the first protective frame (2) of another adjacent skeleton unit are all connected by mortise and tenon joints.

4. The erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each column of the protective frame (1) is provided with a metal cover (18) at the right angle fitting end. The metal cover (18) has a reserved convex pressure plate hole (20) that matches the shape of the convex pressure plate (13) and is tightly fitted to the surface of the convex pressure plate (13). The reserved bolt cap hole (19) on the metal cover (18) matches the expansion soil nail (12) at the first reserved fixing hole (7) and the fourth reserved fixing hole (10). The metal cover (18) and the protective frame (1) are tightly fitted at the interlocking position and are fixed to the slope soil by the expansion soil nail (12) passing through the second reserved expansion soil nail hole (21).

5. The erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, Stairs (22) are provided on both sides of the slope. A gap of 0.5~0.75m is left between the interlocking position of the skeleton near the stair (22) and the stair (22). A reinforcement layer (6) is provided in the gap. A water interception ditch (23) and a drainage ditch (24) are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the slope. Both the water interception ditch (23) and the drainage ditch (24) are connected to the drainage channel.

6. The erosion protection structure suitable for strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reinforcing layer (6) and the protective frame (1) are both made of ecological flexible concrete. The ecological flexible concrete is composed of the following parts by weight: 925-960 parts coarse aggregate, 870-930 parts fine aggregate, 420-460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125-160 parts water, 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, 20-25 parts pasteurella, 3-4 parts basalt fiber, 15-20 parts nano rubber particles, and 5-7 parts water-reducing agent.

7. The construction method of the erosion protection structure applicable to strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Clean and level the slope surface, and perform slope cutting according to the designed slope ratio; S2. Based on the actual length of the slope, a prefabricated ecological flexible concrete protective frame (1) is transported to the construction site and installed by crane. S3. Locate the placement position of each skeleton unit, assemble the skeleton unit, and initially fix the skeleton unit on the slope. S4. Apply an ecological modifier to the surface of the skeleton unit. The ecological modifier includes the following components by mass: 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, and 20-25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii. S5. Fill the gaps between adjacent frame units with sealant and attach waterproof tape at the joints; S6. Stairs (22) are provided on both sides of the slope. Ecological flexible concrete is evenly applied to the surface of the gap between the stair (22) and the frame interlocking position to form a reinforcement layer (6). Apply 2 to 3 times, each time applying 4 to 5 mm. S7. Strengthen the connection between the fixed skeleton units, put a metal cover (18) on the position where the skeleton units are interlocked, and anchor the metal cover (18) on the slope. S8. Lay a vegetation layer (25) on the slope between two adjacent rows of protective frames (1): After mixing the treated plant seeds with water-retaining agent, organic compound fertilizer and mud evenly, spray them evenly with a spraying thickness of 3~5cm; according to 1L / m 2 ~1.2L / m 2 The dosage is as follows: Spray the *Bacillus pasteurellii* bacterial solution evenly onto the slope. After standing for 1-2 hours, spray a cementing solution containing urea and calcium chloride in a 1:1 mass ratio evenly onto the slope. The concentration of the cementing solution is 0.1 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L, and the spraying rate is 2 L / m². 2 ~2.22L / m 2 ; S9. Install GNSS monitoring points on a row of protective frames (1) at intervals, and install GNSS monitoring station (26) on the top of the slope. The GNSS monitoring points and GNSS monitoring station (26) are on the same straight line.

8. The construction method of the erosion protection structure applicable to strongly disintegrating soft rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method for preparing the ecological flexible concrete includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the following components in parts by mass: 925-960 parts coarse aggregate, 870-930 parts fine aggregate, 420-460 parts sulfoaluminate cement, 125-160 parts water, 10-12 parts urea, 10-12 parts calcium chloride, 20-25 parts Bacillus pasteurellii, 3-4 parts basalt fiber, 15-20 parts nano rubber particles, and 5-7 parts water-reducing agent; Step 2: Mix the weighed urea, calcium chloride and Bacillus pasteurellii, keep the pH in the range of 6 to 8, and stir at a speed of 200 r / min to 300 r / min to obtain the ecological conditioner. Step 3: Take 15% to 18% of the mass of the water taken in Step 1, add basalt fiber and stir to mix evenly to obtain a premix. Step 4: After mixing the remaining water with the coarse and fine aggregates, add the sulfoaluminate cement, premix, ecological modifier, water-reducing agent, and nano rubber particles in sequence, and then mix and stir to obtain ecological flexible concrete.

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