A physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank and a method for disassembling the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of physical adsorption hydrogen storage, and discloses a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank, which comprises a tank body and a tank cover; the tank body comprises a hydrogen inlet and outlet pipe, a porous heat exchange disc, a tank body, a low-temperature storage layer, a physical adsorption hydrogen storage material and a spiral heat exchange pipe; a plurality of porous heat exchange discs are arranged in the tank body in sequence and connected with the low-temperature storage layer through a conduit; the tank body is filled with the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material; the tank body is provided with the spiral heat exchange pipe, which passes through the upper layer of the tank cover, passes through the round holes of the porous heat exchange discs and then passes out from the upper layer of the tank cover; and an insulating layer is arranged between the tank body and the low-temperature storage layer. The present application improves the low-temperature maintaining effect, not only maintains the tank at low temperature, but also enables the gas to quickly enter the adsorption layer through the round holes, so that the gas is more evenly distributed; when hydrogen needs to be released, a heat exchange medium is introduced into the spiral heat exchange pipe to accelerate the release of hydrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage devices, and more particularly to a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank and its disassembly and assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] With rapid economic development, the demand for new energy sources is increasing daily, necessitating solutions to energy shortages, reduced use of non-renewable energy, and environmental protection. Hydrogen energy, as a widely available, sustainable, renewable, and high-energy-density clean energy source, is widely used in production and daily life. However, due to hydrogen's low volumetric density, low mass, and flammability, its storage and transportation have become critical issues for hydrogen energy development. Currently, hydrogen storage methods mainly include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage, organic compound hydrogen storage, and physical adsorption hydrogen storage. Among these, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage suffers from low hydrogen density and expensive equipment; cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage is difficult to manufacture, prone to volatility, and has low transportation safety; metal hydride hydrogen storage typically suffers from poor thermal conductivity, slow hydrogen absorption and desorption rates, and volume expansion after hydrogen absorption; and organic compound hydrogen storage is characterized by high toxicity and poor safety. Due to the limitations of high-pressure hydrogen storage, cryogenic liquefaction hydrogen storage, metal hydride hydrogen storage, and organic compound hydrogen storage, more attention has been paid to solid-state hydrogen storage. Among these, physical adsorption hydrogen storage mainly involves storing hydrogen in molecular form within materials through physical adsorption. Physical adsorption hydrogen storage technology, with its advantages of high safety and good reversibility, is an important research direction for the large-scale and commercially efficient utilization of hydrogen.

[0003] Physical adsorption hydrogen storage technology faces significant limitations in application and promotion due to its low hydrogen storage capacity and low hydrogen absorption temperature. Furthermore, the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material requires maintaining a low-temperature environment during hydrogen storage, and an external heat source is needed to increase the desorption rate when releasing hydrogen. In addition, since physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials are mostly fine powder particles, introducing hydrogen under pressure can easily cause uneven distribution of the material. Chinese patent number 201720253819.8, "Low-Temperature Hydrogen Storage Tank," disclosed by Yang Bo et al., presents a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank. However, this tank suffers from poor localized low-temperature control and poor heat exchange during hydrogen release, failing to effectively address the issue of localized low-temperature control of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material during use. Moreover, the pressurized introduction of hydrogen causes uneven distribution of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank that can ensure good low-temperature control, good heat exchange during hydrogen release, and simultaneously guarantee the uniform distribution and safety of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that the tank comprises a tank body, porous heat exchange plates, a cryogenic storage layer, a physical adsorption hydrogen storage material, a spiral heat exchange tube, and hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes. The tank body contains a plurality of porous heat exchange plates sequentially installed within the tank body and connected to the cryogenic layer via conduits. The cryogenic medium flows through the porous heat exchange plates via the conduits. The tank body is filled with the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material, and a spiral heat exchange tube is provided inside the tank, passing through the upper layer of the tank cover. The heat exchanger passes through the round holes of the porous heat exchanger and exits through the upper layer of the tank cover. A heat insulation layer is provided between the tank body and the low-temperature storage layer. The porous heat exchanger is equipped with a guide tube and a screwing device. The guide tube is installed on both sides of the porous heat exchanger, and the screwing device is installed in the center of the porous heat exchanger. The guide tube can extend and retract with the rotation of the screwing device and connect to the low-temperature storage layer. The uppermost porous heat exchanger is a porous heat exchange disc. There is a small gap between the uppermost porous heat exchange disc and the tank cover, and the round holes on the porous heat exchange disc are equipped with screens.

[0005] Furthermore, the porous heat exchange plate is replaceable and includes a porous heat exchange elliptical plate and a porous heat exchange circular plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the diameter of the replaceable porous heat exchange disc and the major axis of the porous heat exchange elliptical disc are both slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner tank wall.

[0007] Furthermore, the tank is equipped with a spiral heat exchange tube, with both the inlet and outlet ends of the heat exchange tube passing through the tank cover.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium introduced into the spiral heat exchange tube can be hot air, water, or other media.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the spiral heat exchange tube is slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular hole in the porous heat exchange plate.

[0010] Furthermore, both the cryogenic medium injection port and the cryogenic medium discharge port of the cryogenic reservoir pass through the tank cover.

[0011] Furthermore, the cryogenic medium injected into the cryogenic reservoir is one of liquid nitrogen, liquid ammonia, or liquid carbon dioxide.

[0012] Furthermore, the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is one or more of activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, metal-organic framework materials, and covalent organic framework materials.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for disassembling and assembling a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that the method includes the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: After installing the tank body, install the spiral heat exchange tube inside the tank body. Then, fill the tank body with physical adsorption hydrogen storage material up to the groove on the inner tank wall, which is the part where the porous heat exchange plate connects to the cryogenic storage layer. Then, rotate the porous heat exchange plate around the spiral heat exchange tube to the groove on the inner tank wall. Turn the screwing device to connect the conduit to the cryogenic storage layer. Fill and install in sequence. Finally, seal the tank body and the tank cover to complete the installation.

[0015] Step 2: When the device needs to be disassembled, empty the cryogenic reservoir, turn the screw to remove the porous heat exchange plate, and at the same time remove the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. After disassembling the device in sequence, remove the spiral heat exchange tube.

[0016] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0017] 1. This invention, by installing a porous heat exchange plate and connecting it to the low-temperature reservoir through a conduit, can greatly improve the maintenance effect of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material at low temperatures, so that the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material in various positions inside the tank can be maintained at low temperatures.

[0018] 2. This invention is equipped with several porous heat exchange plates, and the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is filled inside the hydrogen storage tank. There is a small gap between the tank cover and the uppermost porous heat exchange plate. The gas holes of the uppermost porous heat exchange plate are equipped with screens, so that the gas is buffered and enters the adsorption material evenly and quickly. Due to the support and wrapping effect of several porous heat exchange plates on the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material, the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is also uniformly distributed.

[0019] 3. By setting up a spiral heat exchange tube, the heat exchange area in the hydrogen storage tank is increased. When the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen under normal pressure, the release rate of hydrogen can be accelerated by passing a heat exchange medium through the spiral heat exchange tube.

[0020] 4. This invention, by setting up a replaceable porous heat exchange plate, utilizes a porous elliptical heat exchange plate when only one type of physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is filled. This plate has a gap between itself and the inner wall of the tank, ensuring the maintenance of a low temperature while allowing for a larger filling of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. The direct filling method allows the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material to directly enter the tank. When two or more types of physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials are filled, a porous circular heat exchange plate can be used, enabling multi-layer filling of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material without contact between different materials. This achieves coupling between different physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials, improving the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage tank. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a side view of the spiral heat exchange tube in this invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a top view of the porous heat exchange disc in this invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a top view of the porous heat exchange elliptical disk in this invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-Tank body, 2-Tank cover, 3-Insulation layer, 4-Cryogenic storage layer, 5-Porous heat exchange plate, 6-Physical adsorption hydrogen storage material, 7-Inner tank wall, 8-Cryogenic medium injection port, 9-Cryogenic medium discharge port, 10-Spiral heat exchange tube, 11-Heat exchange tube inlet, 12-Heat exchange tube outlet, 13-Hydrogen inlet / outlet pipe, 14-Pressure relief valve, 15-Round hole, 16-Turning device, 17-Conduit, 18-Screen, 51-Porous heat exchange disc, 52-Porous heat exchange elliptical disc. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be fully and clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0028] See Figure 1-4 This embodiment provides a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank, including: a tank body 1 and a tank cover 2. The hydrogen storage tank mainly includes the tank body 1, porous heat exchange plates 5, a cryogenic storage layer 4, physical adsorption hydrogen storage material 6, a spiral heat exchange tube 10, and hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes 13. Several porous heat exchange plates 5 are sequentially installed inside the tank body 1 and connected to the cryogenic storage layer 4 via conduits 17. The cryogenic medium can flow through the porous heat exchange plates 5 via the conduits. A heat insulation layer 3 is provided between the tank body 1 and the cryogenic storage layer 4. The flow of the cryogenic medium through the cryogenic storage layer and the porous heat exchange plates can effectively maintain the cryogenic environment of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material, ensuring that the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material at each location is in a cryogenic state.

[0029] The porous heat exchange plate 5 is equipped with a guide tube 17 and a screwing device 16. The guide tube is installed on both sides of the porous heat exchange plate 5, and the screwing device is installed in the center of the porous heat exchange plate 5. The guide tube 17 can extend and retract with the rotation of the screwing device 16 and connect to the cryogenic reservoir. This not only makes the installation and disassembly of the device more convenient, but also allows the cryogenic medium to flow through each area, which can avoid the problem of local overheating and maintain the overall cryogenic state better.

[0030] The porous heat exchange plate 5 is replaceable and includes a porous elliptical heat exchange plate 51 and a porous circular heat exchange plate 52. Different porous heat exchange plates can be used when different physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials are filled. If two physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials are used, a porous circular heat exchange plate is used, allowing for multi-layer filling of different physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials, thereby achieving coupling between different physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials and improving the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage tank. If only one physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is filled, a porous elliptical heat exchange plate is used, allowing for more physical adsorption hydrogen storage material to be filled and facilitating the filling of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. It also facilitates the rapid and uniform storage of gas within the tank and can be used to fix the spiral heat exchange tubes, preventing vibration and improving the safety of the device.

[0031] The diameter of the replaceable porous heat exchange disc 51 and the major axis of the porous heat exchange elliptical disc 52 are both slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner tank wall 7, which facilitates the installation of the porous heat exchange disc inside the tank.

[0032] The uppermost porous heat exchange plate 5 of the tank body 1 is a porous heat exchange disc 51. There is a small gap between the uppermost porous heat exchange disc 51 and the tank cover 2, and the circular holes on the porous heat exchange disc 51 are equipped with screens 18. The hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes are kept at a distance from the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material so that the gas is buffered and enters the adsorption material evenly and quickly, while ensuring that the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is evenly distributed.

[0033] The tank 1 is equipped with a spiral heat exchange tube 10 inside, with the inlet end 11 and outlet end 12 of the heat exchange tube both passing through the tank cover 2. This device increases the heat exchange area between the heat exchange medium and the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. When hydrogen needs to be released, the hydrogen adsorbed by the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is released through the hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes. At the same time, the heat exchange medium is added to the inlet end of the spiral heat exchange tube and flows out from the outlet end of the spiral heat exchange tube, so that the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material can be heated up quickly, accelerating the release rate of hydrogen.

[0034] The heat exchange medium introduced into the spiral heat exchange tube 10 can be hot air, water, or other media; different hydrogen release temperatures can be controlled by injecting different heat exchange media.

[0035] The outer diameter of the spiral heat exchange tube 10 is smaller than the diameter of the circular hole in the porous heat exchange plate; this facilitates the installation of the porous heat exchange plate inside the tank and its fixation to the spiral heat exchange tube.

[0036] The cryogenic medium injection port 8 and cryogenic medium discharge port 9 of the cryogenic reservoir 4 both pass through the tank cover 2; the cryogenic medium is continuously introduced into the cryogenic reservoir and the porous heat exchange plate, and flows out from the cryogenic medium discharge port, thus continuously maintaining the cryogenic environment of the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material.

[0037] The cryogenic medium injected into the cryogenic reservoir 4 can be liquid nitrogen, liquid ammonia, or liquid carbon dioxide; by injecting different cryogenic media, it is convenient to control the different cryogenic environments in which the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is located.

[0038] The physical adsorption hydrogen storage material 6 can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, metal-organic framework materials, or covalent organic framework materials; the hydrogen storage tank can be filled with various physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials with excellent hydrogen storage properties.

[0039] A method for disassembling and assembling a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that the method includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: After installing the tank body, install the spiral heat exchange tube inside the tank body. Then, fill the tank body with physical adsorption hydrogen storage material up to the groove on the inner tank wall, which is the part where the porous heat exchange plate connects to the cryogenic storage layer. Then, rotate the porous heat exchange plate around the spiral heat exchange tube to the groove on the inner tank wall. Turn the screwing device to connect the conduit to the cryogenic storage layer. Fill and install in sequence. Finally, seal the tank body and the tank cover to complete the installation.

[0041] Step 2: When disassembling the device, vent the cryogenic reservoir, turn the screw mechanism to remove the porous heat exchange plate, and simultaneously remove the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. After disassembling in sequence, remove the spiral heat exchange tube. The method is simple to operate. After assembling the device, a cryogenic medium is introduced, so that the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material in each position is in a cryogenic environment. Due to the supporting and encapsulating effect of the porous heat exchange plate on the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material, the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material remains evenly distributed even when hydrogen is introduced at high speed. The spiral heat exchange tube can use the heat exchange medium to heat the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material, accelerating the release of hydrogen. This invention not only achieves a good cryogenic maintenance effect, but also improves the hydrogen absorption and release rate and the safety performance of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] In this embodiment, the total length of the tank 1 is 960mm, and the tank 1 is made of stainless steel. The outer diameter of the tank 1 is 480mm, the wall thickness of the tank 1 is 12mm, and the thickness of the lid 2 is 10mm.

[0044] The spiral heat exchange tube is made of stainless steel, with an outer diameter of 8mm and a wall thickness of 1mm.

[0045] The porous heat exchange disc is made of copper, with an outer diameter of 456mm and a thickness of 10mm. The disc has 6 holes, with 2 symmetrical holes of 9mm for the spiral heat exchange tubes to pass through, and the remaining holes of 5mm in diameter and equipped with screens.

[0046] The porous heat exchange disc has a screen with a porosity of 1-5μm, which can provide a flow channel for hydrogen to enter and exit, and prevent hydrogen storage material powder from splashing into the gas inlet and outlet pipes.

[0047] The physical adsorption hydrogen storage material is a biomass nano-carbon material prepared from Reed hyacinth, with a density of 0.51 g / cm³. 3 The test temperature was -195.5℃, the test pressure was 30 bar, the mass hydrogen storage density reached 4.43 wt%, the total filling mass was 84.2 kg, and the hydrogen storage capacity was 3.8 kg.

[0048] Working Principle: During operation, several porous heat exchange plates 5 are installed inside the tank 1 and connected to the cryogenic storage layer. This significantly improves the cryogenic maintenance effect on the physically adsorbed hydrogen storage material and also strengthens its support. A small gap exists between the tank cover 2 and the uppermost porous heat exchange plate 51, allowing gas to be buffered and enter the physically adsorbed hydrogen storage material evenly and quickly upon entering the tank, while ensuring uniform distribution of the material. By incorporating a spiral heat exchange tube 10, the temperature of the physically adsorbed hydrogen storage material can be raised by injecting a heat exchange medium when hydrogen release is required, increasing the hydrogen release rate. Furthermore, the spiral heat exchange tube 10 is not only fixed to the tank cover 2 but also to the holes 15 of the porous heat exchange plates 5, improving the stability and safety of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., which indicate directional or positional relationships, are based on the directional and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, rather than indicating the necessary orientation of the device being referred to, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0050] Although this application has been disclosed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the application of this application. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the appended claims and may include various modifications, alterations, and equivalents made to the utility model without departing from the scope and spirit of this application.

Claims

1. A physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank, characterized by, The hydrogen storage tank includes a tank body (1), a porous heat exchange plate (5), a cryogenic storage layer (4), a physical adsorption hydrogen storage material (6), a spiral heat exchange tube (10), and a hydrogen inlet / outlet pipe (13). The tank body (1) contains several porous heat exchange plates (5), which are sequentially installed inside the tank body (1) and connected to the cryogenic storage layer (4) via a conduit (17). The cryogenic medium flows through the conduit and then through the porous heat exchange plates (5). The tank body (1) is filled with the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material (6). The tank body (1) contains a spiral heat exchange tube (10), which passes through the upper layer of the tank cover (2), through the circular holes (15) of the porous heat exchange plates (5), and then... The upper layer of the tank cover (2) extends out, and a heat insulation layer (3) is provided between the tank body (1) and the low temperature storage layer (4); the porous heat exchange plate (5) is provided with a guide tube (17) and a screwing device (16). The guide tube (17) is installed on both sides of the porous heat exchange plate (5), and the screwing device (16) is installed in the center of the porous heat exchange plate (5). The guide tube (17) extends and retracts with the rotation of the screwing device (16) and is connected to the low temperature storage layer (4); the uppermost porous heat exchange plate (5) of the tank body (1) is a porous heat exchange disc (51). There is a small gap between the uppermost porous heat exchange disc (51) and the tank cover (2), and the holes on the porous heat exchange disc (51) are provided with a screen (18).

2. The physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein The porous heat exchange plate (5) is replaceable and includes a porous heat exchange elliptical plate (52) and a porous heat exchange circular plate (51).

3. The physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank of claim 2, wherein, The diameter of the replaceable porous heat exchange disc (51) and the major axis of the porous heat exchange elliptical disc (52) are both slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inner tank wall (7).

4. The physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein, The tank (1) is equipped with a spiral heat exchange tube (10), and the inlet end (11) and outlet end (12) of the heat exchange tube both pass through the tank cover (2).

5. The physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank of claim 4, wherein, The heat exchange medium introduced into the spiral heat exchange tube (10) is hot air or water.

6. The physical adsorbent hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein, The outer diameter of the spiral heat exchange tube (10) is slightly smaller than the diameter of the hole (15) in the porous heat exchange plate (5).

7. The physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein, The cryogenic medium injection port (8) and cryogenic medium discharge port (9) of the cryogenic reservoir (4) both pass through the tank cover (2).

8. The physical adsorbent hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein, The cryogenic medium injected into the cryogenic reservoir (4) is one of liquid nitrogen, liquid ammonia, or liquid carbon dioxide.

9. A physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical adsorption hydrogen storage material (6) is one or more of activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, metal-organic framework materials, and covalent organic framework materials.

10. A method for disassembling and assembling a physical adsorption hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The disassembly and assembly method includes the following steps: Step 1: After installing the tank body, install the spiral heat exchange tube inside the tank body. Then, fill the tank body with physical adsorption hydrogen storage material up to the groove on the inner tank wall, which is the part where the porous heat exchange plate connects to the cryogenic storage layer. Then, rotate the porous heat exchange plate around the spiral heat exchange tube to the groove on the inner tank wall. Turn the screwing device to connect the guide tube to the cryogenic storage layer. Fill and install in sequence. Finally, seal the tank body and the tank cover. The installation is now complete. Step 2: When the device needs to be disassembled, empty the cryogenic reservoir, turn the screw to remove the porous heat exchange plate, and at the same time remove the physical adsorption hydrogen storage material. After disassembling the device in sequence, remove the spiral heat exchange tube.

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