A quick positioning and clamping device for grinding teeth of long-shaft hollow external gears

Abstract

This invention relates to a quick positioning and clamping device for hobbing long-shaft hollow external gears. The device includes: an upper positioning and clamping mechanism connected to the upper hydraulic system of a machine tool, comprising an ascending sleeve and an ascending sleeve installed within the ascending sleeve, the upper end of which has a concave positioning stop that matches the positioning boss of the upper hydraulic system; and a lower positioning and clamping mechanism connected to the lower worktable of the machine tool, comprising a lower ascending sleeve and a lower ascending sleeve installed within the lower ascending sleeve, the lower end of which has a concave positioning stop that matches the positioning boss on the transition plate of the lower worktable of the machine tool, and an oil (liquid) drain port on the cavity wall of the lower ascending sleeve; guide posts are provided at the bottom of the inner cavities of both the ascending and lower ascending sleeves, and disc springs are fitted on the guide posts. This invention effectively solves the technical problem of unstable concentricity between the external helical teeth and the precision journals at both ends during the hobbing and grinding process of long-shaft hollow external gears in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a quick positioning and clamping device for grinding the teeth of long-shaft hollow external gears. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization and promotion of new energy vehicles, gears in trolley axles are becoming smaller, more complex, and more compact. Therefore, two components are often assembled into one to save space. Long-shaft hollow external gears are a special type of gear transmission component used in trolley axles, composed of a hollow shaft and a disc-shaped external gear. The inner hole is provided with an involute internal spline, and each end of the shaft has a precision shaft diameter with press-fitted bearings. External helical teeth are provided in the middle.

[0003] Currently, the processing of long-shaft hollow external gears usually involves processing the hollow shaft and the disc-shaped external gear separately, and then pressing them together. This process results in a low strength of the hollow shaft in the long-shaft hollow external gear, which often leads to damage during use. This damage causes damage to related components and seriously affects the use of the trolley axle.

[0004] In response, hollow shafts and disc-shaped external gears are often machined as a whole. However, due to the special nature of their structure, although the involute internal spline can be used as a reference to ensure the concentricity of the two ends of the precision journals when machining them, the involute internal spline has already undergone heat treatment, carburizing, and quenching processes when machining the external helical gears. This causes the internal spline to deform during heat treatment. When the concentricity of the external helical gears is then checked using the two ends of the journals, the concentricity of the external helical gears will be either too large or too small. This unstable concentricity has a great impact on the assembly and use of the trolley axle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a quick positioning and clamping device for hobbing and grinding long-shaft hollow external gears, in order to solve the technical problem of unstable concentricity between the external helical teeth and the precision journals at both ends during the hobbing and grinding process of long-shaft hollow external gears in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the quick positioning and clamping device for grinding long shaft hollow external gears provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A quick positioning and clamping device for grinding the teeth of a long-shaft hollow external gear includes:

[0008] The upper positioning and clamping mechanism is connected to the upper hydraulic device of the machine tool. The upper positioning and clamping mechanism includes an upward sleeve with the opening facing downward and an upward sleeve installed in the upward sleeve. The upward sleeve is used to clamp the upper journal of the gear part to be machined. A guide post is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the upward sleeve. A disc spring is fitted on the guide post. A concave positioning stop is provided at the upper end of the upward sleeve to match the positioning boss of the upper hydraulic device.

[0009] The lower positioning and clamping mechanism is connected to the lower worktable of the machine tool and is arranged vertically and vertically corresponding to the upper positioning and clamping mechanism. The lower positioning and clamping mechanism includes an upward-opening lower expansion sleeve and a lower expansion sleeve installed in the lower expansion sleeve. The lower expansion sleeve is used to clamp the lower journal of the gear part to be manufactured. A guide post is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the lower expansion sleeve. A disc spring is fitted on the guide post. A concave positioning stop is provided at the lower end of the lower expansion sleeve to match the positioning boss on the transition plate of the lower worktable of the machine tool. An oil (liquid) drain port is also provided on the cavity wall of the lower expansion sleeve.

[0010] The upper positioning and clamping mechanism and the lower positioning and clamping mechanism are used to position and clamp the long shaft hollow external gear after carburizing and quenching treatment, so as to avoid the instability of concentricity when the concentricity is detected with the journals at both ends as the reference during the external helical gear manufacturing process.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the quick positioning and clamping device for hobbing long-shaft hollow external gears provided by this invention are as follows: By setting up a quick positioning and clamping device including an upper positioning and clamping mechanism and a lower positioning and clamping mechanism, the upper and lower journals of the long-shaft hollow external gears after carburizing and quenching can be clamped in the upper expansion sleeve of the upper positioning and clamping mechanism and the lower expansion sleeve of the lower positioning and clamping mechanism, respectively. Then, the clamped long-shaft hollow external gears are machined with external helical teeth. This ensures the uniformity of the machining, inspection and use benchmarks of the external helical teeth, thereby ensuring the quality stability of long-shaft hollow external gears in the mass production process. It effectively solves the technical problem of unstable concentricity between the external helical teeth and the precision shaft diameters at both ends during the hobbing and grinding process of long-shaft hollow external gears in the prior art.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the expanding sleeve has a smooth straight wall, and the radial dimension of the inner cavity is 0.05 to 0.10 mm larger than the radial dimension of the upper journal of the toothed part to be manufactured. The inner cavity at the open end is provided with a tapered guide hole, and the depth of the cavity is 5 to 10 mm larger than the length of the upper journal of the toothed part to be manufactured. The inner cavity of the lower expanding sleeve has a smooth straight wall, and the radial dimension of the inner cavity is 0.05 to 0.10 mm larger than the radial dimension of the lower journal of the toothed part to be manufactured. The inner cavity at the open end is provided with a tapered guide hole, and the depth of the cavity is 5 to 10 mm larger than the length of the lower journal of the toothed part to be manufactured.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner wall of the expanding sleeve is a conical structure with a thinner upper part and a thicker lower part, and the taper is 3 to 6 degrees; the inner wall of the lower expanding sleeve is also a conical structure with a thinner upper part and a thicker lower part, and the taper is 3 to 6 degrees.

[0014] Furthermore, the expansion sleeve is unidirectionally slotted, with the slots evenly spaced from the open end to a certain distance from the bottom of the cavity; the expansion sleeve is bidirectionally slotted, with multiple first slots extending from the open end to the bottom of the cavity and second slots extending from the other end of the expansion sleeve to the open end face for 5-6mm evenly arranged on its cavity wall, the first slots and the second slots being arranged circumferentially along the cavity wall of the bidirectionally slotted expansion sleeve.

[0015] Beneficial effects: By setting the upper sleeve to a unidirectional groove and the lower sleeve to a bidirectional groove with a first groove and a second groove extending in opposite directions on the cavity wall, the deformation of the lower sleeve is greater than that of the upper sleeve under the same external force. This makes it easier for the lower sleeve to quickly contract and grip the lower journal of the toothed part, while the upper sleeve plays an auxiliary positioning role. This avoids over-positioning that affects the positioning accuracy of the toothed part, resulting in more stable machining accuracy of the external helical teeth.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper end of the rising sleeve is provided with a rising sleeve connecting thread hole that matches the connecting bolt hole of the upper hydraulic device, and the lower end face of the outer side of the annular wall of the lower rising sleeve is provided with a light hole for connecting the lower rising sleeve and the transition plate.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes an expansion sleeve retaining ring, which is a hollow structure, comprising an expansion sleeve retaining ring fixedly connected to the open end of the expansion sleeve seat and a lower expansion sleeve retaining ring fixedly connected to the open end of the lower expansion sleeve seat. The expansion sleeve retaining ring and the lower expansion sleeve retaining ring can be unified as an expansion sleeve retaining ring.

[0018] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the open end of the rising sleeve is the same as the outer diameter of the open end of the lower rising sleeve and the outer diameter of the rising sleeve retaining ring.

[0019] Furthermore, the open end face of the rising sleeve is provided with multiple threaded holes, and the expansion sleeve retaining ring is provided with multiple smooth holes. The number, size and center distance of the threaded holes on the end face of the rising sleeve and the smooth holes on the end face of the retaining ring are matched. The rising sleeve and the expansion sleeve retaining ring are fixedly connected by bolts passing through the threaded holes on the end face of the rising sleeve and the smooth holes on the retaining ring.

[0020] The open end face of the lower expansion sleeve is provided with multiple threaded holes, and the expansion sleeve retaining ring is provided with multiple smooth holes. The number, size and center distance of the threaded holes on the end face of the lower expansion sleeve and the smooth holes on the end face of the retaining ring are matched. The lower expansion sleeve and the expansion sleeve retaining ring are fixedly connected by bolts passing through the threaded holes on the end face of the lower expansion sleeve and the smooth holes on the retaining ring.

[0021] Furthermore, there are multiple oil (liquid) outlets, all of which are located on the inner wall at the bottom of the cavity of the lower expansion sleeve. The oil (liquid) outlets are used to discharge cooling oil or grinding fluid.

[0022] Furthermore, there are multiple disc springs in both the rising sleeve and the lower rising sleeve. These multiple disc springs are mounted on the corresponding guide posts in a face-to-face or back-to-back manner. This ensures that when the outer conical surface of the rising sleeve is rubbed against the inner conical surface of the rising sleeve base, the contact imprint is controlled to be above 80%, and the upper stepped surface of the outer conical surface of the rising sleeve is flush with the open end face of the lower rising sleeve base in its natural state. Similarly, when the outer conical surface of the lower rising sleeve is rubbed against the inner conical surface of the lower rising sleeve base, the contact imprint is controlled to be above 80%, and the upper stepped surface of the outer conical surface of the rising sleeve is flush with the open end face of the lower rising sleeve base in its natural state. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and like or corresponding reference numerals denote like or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the long-shaft hollow external gear hobbing gear quick positioning and clamping device provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rising sleeve of the quick positioning and clamping device for the long shaft hollow external gear grinding teeth provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 The front view of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve of the quick positioning and clamping device for the long shaft hollow external gear grinding gear provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The symmetrical sectional view of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve shown;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The top view of the unidirectional slotted riser sleeve shown;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the lower expansion sleeve of the quick positioning and clamping device for the long shaft hollow external gear grinding teeth provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a front view of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve of the quick positioning and clamping device for the long shaft hollow external gear grinding gear provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The asymmetric sectional view of the bidirectional slotted expansion sleeve shown is shown.

[0032] Figure 9 for Figure 7 The left view of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve shown;

[0033] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the expansion sleeve retaining ring of the quick positioning and clamping device for the long shaft hollow external gear grinding teeth provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the transition disk in the diagram.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 1. Raising sleeve; 2. One-way slotted raising sleeve; 3. Guide post; 4. Disc spring; 5. Recessed positioning stop; 6. Lower raising sleeve; 7. Two-way slotted lower raising sleeve; 8. Transition plate; 9. Oil (liquid) drain port; 10. Raising sleeve groove; 11. Second groove; 12. First groove; 13. Raising sleeve connecting threaded hole; 14. Plain hole; 15. Raising sleeve retaining ring; 16. Raising sleeve end face threaded hole; 17. Lower raising sleeve end face threaded hole; 18. Transition plate positioning boss. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only some, not all, of the embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that the main concept of the quick positioning and clamping device for hobbing and grinding long shaft hollow external gears provided by the present invention is as follows: by setting up a quick positioning and clamping device including an upper positioning and clamping mechanism and a lower positioning and clamping mechanism, the long shaft hollow external gears after carburizing and quenching can be quickly clamped and fixed, and then the external helical teeth can be hobbing and grinding. This ensures that when the concentricity of the external helical teeth is detected with the journals at both ends as a reference, the detected concentricity remains stable, thereby ensuring the normal assembly and use of the long shaft hollow external gears.

[0039] After introducing the basic principles of the present invention, various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Any number of elements in the accompanying drawings is for illustrative purposes only and not for limitation, and any naming is for distinction only and has no limiting meaning.

[0040] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments.

[0041] Embodiment 1 of the quick positioning and clamping device for grinding teeth of long shaft hollow external gears provided by the present invention:

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the fast positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears mainly includes an upper positioning and clamping mechanism and a lower positioning and clamping mechanism. The upper positioning and clamping mechanism mainly includes a downward-opening rising sleeve 1, a one-way slotted rising sleeve 2, and a disc spring 4. The lower positioning and clamping mechanism mainly includes a downward-opening lower rising sleeve 6, a two-way slotted lower rising sleeve 7, and a disc spring 4. The outer diameter of the open end of the rising sleeve 1 is the same as the outer diameter of the open end of the lower rising sleeve 6.

[0043] The following describes the structural composition of the rising sleeve 1 and the installation position of the disc spring 4. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the inner wall of the open end of the rising sleeve 1 is set as a tapered structure with a thickness at the bottom and a taper of 3 to 6 degrees. A guide post 3 is set at the bottom of the inner cavity, and a disc spring 4 is fitted on the guide post 3. The upper end of the rising sleeve 1 is also provided with a concave positioning stop 5 connected to the upper hydraulic device of the machine tool and a rising sleeve connecting threaded hole 13 that matches the connecting bolt hole of the upper hydraulic device. During processing, it is necessary to ensure the concentricity of the inner wall of the rising sleeve 1 with the guide post 3 at its bottom and the concave positioning stop 5 at its upper end.

[0044] The following describes the structural composition of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2. For example... Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the inner cavity of the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2 has a smooth, straight wall, and its radial dimension is 0.05–0.10 mm larger than the radial dimension of the journal on the part to be manufactured. The open end of the inner cavity also has a tapered guide hole. The cavity depth of the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2 is 5–10 mm greater than the length of the upper journal of the part to be manufactured. The bottom of the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2 also has a through hole, the radial dimension of which is the same as the inner diameter of the disc spring 4, and both are 0.2–0.3 mm larger than the diameter of the guide post 3. The outer wall of the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2 also has a tapered structure, and its tapered size is completely consistent with the tapered size of the inner cavity wall of the rising sleeve seat 1. The upper and lower end faces of the outer tapered surface of the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2 both have stepped surfaces. During the finishing process after heat treatment of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 1, it is necessary to ensure the concentricity of its inner straight cavity, through hole, and outer conical surface. It is also necessary to ensure the perpendicularity of the inner straight cavity, through hole, and outer conical surface of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2 to the two end faces of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2. When grinding the outer conical surface of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2 against the inner conical surface of the rising sleeve base 1, the contact mark should be controlled to be above 80%, and the upper step surface of the outer conical surface of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2 should be flush with the open end face of the rising sleeve base 1 in its natural state. Finally, rising sleeve grooves 10 are formed on the cavity wall of the finished unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2. The rising sleeve grooves 10 are evenly spaced from the open end to a certain distance from the bottom of the cavity, with a groove width of 4–6 mm. The number of grooves is set to 6–12 depending on the cavity diameter.

[0045] The following describes the structural composition of the expansion sleeve 6 and the installation position of the disc spring 4. For example... Figure 6As shown, the outer side of the annular wall of the lower expansion sleeve 6 is provided with a set of light holes 14 for connecting the lower expansion sleeve 6 to the transition plate 8 on the lower worktable of the machine tool. The inner wall of the cavity bottom of the lower expansion sleeve 6 is provided with 3 to 6 rectangular holes as oil (liquid) outlets 9 to discharge cooling oil or grinding fluid during the hobbing and grinding process. In addition, the inner cavity wall of the open end of the lower expansion sleeve 6 is set with a tapered structure that is thinner at the top and thicker at the bottom, with a taper of 3 to 6°. The bottom of the inner cavity is provided with a guide post 3, and a disc spring 4 is fitted on the guide post 3. The lower end of the lower expansion sleeve 6 is also provided with a concave positioning stop 5 that matches the positioning boss of the transition plate on the transition plate 8. During machining, it is necessary to ensure the concentricity of the inner cavity wall of the lower expansion sleeve 6 with the guide post 3 at its bottom and the concave positioning stop 5 at its lower end.

[0046] The following describes the structural composition of the bidirectional slotted under-expansion sleeve 7. For example... Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the inner cavity of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 has a smooth, straight wall, and its radial dimension is 0.05–0.10 mm larger than the radial dimension of the lower journal of the gear part to be manufactured. The open end of the inner cavity also has a tapered guide hole. The cavity depth of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 is 5–10 mm larger than the length of the lower journal of the gear part to be manufactured. The bottom of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 also has a through hole, the radial dimension of which is the same as the inner diameter of the disc spring 4, and both are 0.2–0.3 mm larger than the diameter of the guide post 3. The outer wall of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 also has a tapered structure, and its tapered size is completely consistent with the tapered size of the inner cavity wall of the lower expansion sleeve seat 6. The upper and lower end faces of the outer tapered surface of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 both have stepped surfaces. During the finishing process after heat treatment of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7, it is necessary to ensure the concentricity of its inner straight cavity, through hole, and outer conical surface. It is also necessary to ensure the perpendicularity of the inner straight cavity, through hole, and outer conical surface of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 to its two end faces. When grinding the outer conical surface of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 against the inner conical surface of the lower expansion sleeve base 6, the contact mark should be controlled to be above 80%, and the stepped surface on the upper part of the outer conical surface of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 should be flush with the open end face of the lower expansion sleeve base 6 in its natural state. Finally, a first groove 12 is formed on the cavity wall of the precision-machined bidirectional slotted expansion sleeve 7, extending from the open end to the bottom of the cavity to a certain distance. The width of the first groove 12 is 4-6 mm, and the number of grooves is set to 4 or 6 depending on the size of the cavity diameter. At the same time, a second groove 11 is also formed on the cavity wall, extending from the other end of the expansion sleeve to the open end face to the open end face by 5-6 mm. The width of the second groove 11 is 4-6 mm, and the number of grooves is set to 4 or 6 depending on the size of the cavity diameter. The first groove 12 and the second groove 11 are arranged circumferentially along the cavity wall of the bidirectional slotted expansion sleeve 7.

[0047] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a retaining ring for the expansion sleeve. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the expansion sleeve retaining ring has multiple light holes 14 arranged circumferentially.

[0048] Specifically, both the open ends of the rising sleeve 1 and the lower rising sleeve 6 are fixedly equipped with rising sleeve retaining rings 15, which are hollow structures. Multiple threaded holes 16 are formed on the end face of the open end of the rising sleeve 1. Multiple open holes matching the number, size, and center distance of the threaded holes 16 are formed on the rising sleeve retaining ring 15. The rising sleeve 1 and the rising sleeve retaining ring 15 are fixedly connected by bolts passing through the threaded holes 16 and the open holes on the retaining ring. The inner diameter of the rising sleeve retaining ring 15 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the outer conical surface of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2 and larger than the outer diameter of the straight step at the open end of the unidirectional slotted rising sleeve 2 by 0.5–1 mm. The open end face of the lower expansion sleeve 6 is provided with multiple threaded holes 17. The expansion sleeve retaining ring 15 is provided with multiple smooth holes that match the number, size and center distance of the threaded holes 17 on the lower expansion sleeve end face. The lower expansion sleeve 6 and the expansion sleeve retaining ring 15 are fixedly connected by bolts through the threaded holes 17 on the lower expansion sleeve end face and the smooth holes on the retaining ring. The inner diameter of the expansion sleeve retaining ring 15 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the outer conical surface of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 and larger than the outer diameter of the straight step at the open end of the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 by 0.5 to 1 mm.

[0049] After all components of the upper and lower positioning clamping mechanisms are manufactured and inspected, the disc springs 4 are sequentially fitted onto the guide posts 3 inside the expansion sleeve in a face-to-face or back-to-back configuration. Then, the one-way slotted expansion sleeve 2 and the two-way slotted lower expansion sleeve 7 are also fitted onto the guide posts 3. The number and assembly configuration of the disc springs 4 should be adjusted so that, in their natural state, the outermost step surface of the outer conical surface of the expansion sleeve is flush with the open end face of the expansion sleeve seat after the expansion sleeve is inserted into the expansion sleeve seat. Next, the expansion sleeve retaining ring is fastened to the expansion sleeve seat with bolts. Finally, the assembled upper positioning clamping mechanism is connected to the upper hydraulic mechanism of the machine tool, ensuring that the connected device is completely aligned with the center line of the lower worktable of the machine tool. The assembled lower positioning clamping mechanism is connected to the worktable of the machine tool, ensuring that the connected device is completely aligned with the center line of the upper positioning clamping mechanism.

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transition plate 8 on the lower worktable of the machine tool. The top surface of the transition plate 8 is provided with a transition plate positioning boss 18.

[0051] The working principle of the fast positioning and clamping device for grinding long-shaft hollow external gears provided by this invention is as follows: First, the upper positioning and clamping mechanism and the lower positioning and clamping mechanism are installed on the machine tool. Then, the lower journal of the gear part to be processed is installed in the double-slotted lower expansion sleeve 7, and the stepped surface adjacent to the journal of the gear part to be processed is in complete contact with the upper end face of the double-slotted lower expansion sleeve 7. At this time, there is a slight gap between the journal and the inner wall of the lower expansion sleeve. Then, the upper hydraulic mechanism of the machine tool is slowly lowered. Under the action of the tapered guide hole set in the inner cavity of the open end of the unidirectional slotted expansion sleeve 2, the straight hole of the inner cavity of the unidirectional slotted expansion sleeve 2 is smoothly fitted onto the upper journal of the gear part to be processed until the open end face of the unidirectional slotted expansion sleeve 2 is in complete contact with the stepped surface adjacent to the journal of the gear part to be processed. As the upper hydraulic mechanism continues to descend, the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2, under the thrust of the rising sleeve seat 1 and the reaction force of the toothed part, moves slightly backward. During this gradual backward movement, the outer conical surface of the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2 is radially compressed under the action of the inner conical surface of the rising sleeve seat 1, reducing the inner diameter of the one-way slotted rising sleeve 2 until it grips the upper journal and achieves radial positioning. At this point, the disc spring 4 inside the rising sleeve seat 1 is under pressure and reaches its maximum value. Simultaneously, the external force of the upper hydraulic mechanism is transmitted through the toothed part to the upper end face of the two-way slotted lower rising sleeve 7. The two-way slotted lower rising sleeve 7 begins to move downward and, under the reaction force of the inner conical surface of the lower rising sleeve seat 6, is also radially compressed, reducing the inner diameter of the two-way slotted lower rising sleeve 7 until it grips the lower journal and achieves radial positioning. At this point, the disc spring 4 inside the lower rising sleeve seat 6 is under pressure and reaches its maximum value. Due to the unique structure of the lower expansion sleeve—specifically, its bidirectional slotting—it contracts and clamps the journal earlier under the same external force compared to the unidirectional slotted expansion sleeve. In other words, the bidirectional slotted lower expansion sleeve positions and clamps the workpiece before the unidirectional slotted expansion sleeve, which then plays an auxiliary positioning role. This avoids over-positioning that could affect the positioning accuracy of the workpiece, resulting in more stable machining accuracy of the external gears. After gear making is complete, the external force of the upper hydraulic mechanism is unloaded, and the upper hydraulic mechanism, along with the upper positioning and clamping mechanism, moves upward. As the axial force on the completed workpiece gradually decreases, the pressure of the disc springs 4 within the upper and lower expansion sleeve seats begins to release. Under the thrust of the disc springs 4, the upper and lower expansion sleeves return to their natural state. Without applying any external force to the upper and lower journals of the completed workpiece, it can be removed by a robotic arm or manually. Then, the next workpiece to be made is loaded by the robotic arm or manually, and the above operation is repeated to continue the gear making process.

[0052] Embodiment 2 of the quick positioning and clamping device for grinding teeth of long shaft hollow external gears provided by the present invention:

[0053] Its main difference from Example 1 is:

[0054] In Example 1, the rising sleeve and the rising sleeve retaining ring are connected by bolts, and the lower rising sleeve and the lower rising sleeve retaining ring are also connected by bolts.

[0055] In this embodiment, the rising sleeve and the rising retaining ring are connected by studs or rivets, and the lower rising sleeve and the lower retaining ring are also connected by studs or rivets.

[0056] Based on the above description in this specification, those skilled in the art will also understand that terms used, such as "upper," "lower," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification. They are only for the purpose of facilitating the explanation of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not explicitly or implicitly suggest that the device or element involved must have the specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above-mentioned orientation or positional relationship terms should not be understood or interpreted as a limitation on the present invention.

[0057] In addition, in the description of this specification, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

Claims

1. A quick positioning and clamping device for grinding the teeth of a long-shaft hollow external gear, characterized in that, include: The upper positioning and clamping mechanism is connected to the upper hydraulic device of the machine tool. The upper positioning and clamping mechanism includes an upward sleeve with the opening facing downward and an upward sleeve installed in the upward sleeve. The upward sleeve is used to clamp the upper journal of the gear part to be machined. A guide post is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the upward sleeve. A disc spring is fitted on the guide post. A concave positioning stop is provided at the upper end of the upward sleeve to match the positioning boss of the upper hydraulic device. The lower positioning and clamping mechanism is connected to the lower worktable of the machine tool and is arranged vertically and vertically corresponding to the upper positioning and clamping mechanism. The lower positioning and clamping mechanism includes an upward-opening lower expansion sleeve and a lower expansion sleeve installed in the lower expansion sleeve. The lower expansion sleeve is used to clamp the lower journal of the gear part to be manufactured. A guide post is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the lower expansion sleeve. A disc spring is fitted on the guide post. A concave positioning stop is provided at the lower end of the lower expansion sleeve to match the positioning boss on the transition plate of the lower worktable of the machine tool. An oil drain port is also provided on the cavity wall of the lower expansion sleeve. The upper positioning and clamping mechanism and the lower positioning and clamping mechanism are used to position and clamp the long shaft hollow external gear after carburizing and quenching treatment, so as to avoid the instability of concentricity when the concentricity is detected with the journals at both ends as the reference during the external helical gear manufacturing process. The upper end of the rising sleeve is provided with a rising sleeve connecting thread hole that matches the connecting bolt hole of the upper hydraulic device, and the lower end face of the outer side of the annular wall of the lower rising sleeve is provided with a light hole for connecting the lower rising sleeve and the transition plate.

2. The quick positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with gear hobbing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the expanding sleeve has a smooth, straight wall, and its radial dimension is 0.05–0.10 mm larger than the radial dimension of the upper journal of the toothed part to be manufactured. The inner cavity at the open end is provided with a tapered guide hole, and the depth of the cavity is 5–10 mm greater than the length of the upper journal of the toothed part to be manufactured. The inner cavity of the lower expanding sleeve has a smooth, straight wall, and its radial dimension is 0.05–0.10 mm larger than the radial dimension of the lower journal of the toothed part to be manufactured. The inner cavity at the open end is provided with a tapered guide hole, and the depth of the cavity is 5–10 mm greater than the length of the lower journal of the toothed part to be manufactured.

3. The quick positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with gear hobbing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the expanding sleeve is a conical structure with a thinner upper part and a thicker lower part, and the taper is 3 to 6 degrees. The inner wall of the lower expanding sleeve is also a conical structure with a thinner upper part and a thicker lower part, and the taper is 3 to 6 degrees.

4. The rapid positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with hobbing teeth according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The rising sleeve is unidirectionally slotted, with the slots evenly spaced from the open end to a certain distance from the bottom of the cavity; the lower rising sleeve is bidirectionally slotted, with multiple first slots extending from the open end to the bottom of the cavity and second slots extending from the other end of the rising sleeve to the open end face for 5-6mm evenly arranged on its cavity wall. The first and second slots are arranged circumferentially along the cavity wall of the bidirectionally slotted lower rising sleeve.

5. The quick positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with gear hobbing as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It also includes an expansion sleeve retaining ring, which is a hollow structure, comprising an expansion sleeve retaining ring fixedly connected to the open end of the expansion sleeve seat and a lower expansion sleeve retaining ring fixedly connected to the open end of the lower expansion sleeve seat. The expansion sleeve retaining ring and the lower expansion sleeve retaining ring can be combined into an expansion sleeve retaining ring.

6. The quick positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with hobbing teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the open end of the rising sleeve is the same as the outer diameter of the open end of the lower rising sleeve and the outer diameter of the rising sleeve retaining ring.

7. The quick positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with hobbing teeth according to claim 6, characterized in that, The open end face of the rising sleeve is provided with multiple threaded holes, and the rising sleeve retaining ring is provided with multiple smooth holes. The number, size and center distance of the threaded holes on the rising sleeve end face and the smooth holes on the rising sleeve retaining ring end face are matched. The rising sleeve and the rising sleeve retaining ring are fixedly connected by bolts passing through the threaded holes on the rising sleeve end face and the smooth holes on the rising sleeve retaining ring. The open end face of the lower expansion sleeve is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, and the lower expansion sleeve retaining ring is provided with a plurality of open holes. The number, size and center distance of the threaded holes on the lower expansion sleeve end face and the open holes on the lower expansion sleeve retaining ring end face are matched. The lower expansion sleeve and the lower expansion sleeve retaining ring are fixedly connected by bolts passing through the threaded holes on the lower expansion sleeve end face and the open holes on the lower expansion sleeve retaining ring.

8. The quick positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with hobbing teeth according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The number of oil drain ports is multiple, and all oil drain ports are opened on the inner wall of the bottom of the cavity of the lower expansion sleeve. The oil drain ports are used to discharge cooling oil or grinding fluid.

9. The quick positioning and clamping device for long-shaft hollow external gears with hobbing teeth according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The number of disc springs in both the rising sleeve and the lower rising sleeve is multiple. These disc springs are mounted on the corresponding guide posts in a face-to-face or back-to-back manner. This ensures that when the outer conical surface of the rising sleeve is rubbed against the inner conical surface of the rising sleeve base, the contact imprint is controlled to be above 80%, and the upper stepped surface of the outer conical surface of the rising sleeve is flush with the open end face of the lower rising sleeve base in its natural state. Similarly, when the outer conical surface of the lower rising sleeve is rubbed against the inner conical surface of the lower rising sleeve base, the contact imprint is controlled to be above 80%, and the upper stepped surface of the outer conical surface of the rising sleeve is flush with the open end face of the lower rising sleeve base in its natural state.

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