Intelligent shaft sinking derrick foundation and stress state monitoring method

Abstract

A method for monitoring the foundation and stress state of an intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry, comprising the following apparatus: Force measuring elements are pre-embedded at the bottom center and around the perimeter of a concrete foundation; a stress monitoring mechanism is installed at the top center of the concrete foundation; a force measuring cavity is formed by splicing a top plate, a surrounding plate, and a bottom plate, within which force measuring elements, a normal force measuring element, and a temperature compensation block are installed; a flexible sealing strip is provided between the top plate and the surrounding plate; and a wireless measurement module is pre-embedded on the inner surface of the concrete foundation. The method involves constructing four intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry foundations at the designed locations, designated as foundations A, B, C, and D; installing the vertical shaft sinking gantry, with the corner columns of the gantry connected to the foundation by bolts; monitoring the stress on the vertical shaft sinking gantry foundation during sinking construction; and assessing the working status of the vertical shaft sinking gantry in conjunction with the specific construction equipment layout. This apparatus and method can monitor the stress on the vertical shaft sinking gantry foundation in real time, enabling the assessment of the working status of the vertical shaft sinking gantry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically a method for monitoring the foundation and stress state of an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick. Background Technology

[0002] Intelligent mine construction is a core technological support for the high-quality development of the coal industry. Underground coal mine construction mainly refers to the construction and equipment installation of complex shaft and tunnel engineering projects, including main shafts, auxiliary shafts, ventilation shafts, roadways, and chambers, within the geological strata. Currently, the development of intelligent mine construction in my country is slow in terms of shaft and tunnel engineering. For example, shaft sinking equipment and systems such as headframes, sinking platforms, wall-building formwork, hoisting systems, and suspension systems are still at the traditional manual or semi-automatic mechanical level. It is necessary to comprehensively consider and accelerate the intelligent transformation and upgrading of shaft sinking equipment, ensure the safety of key shaft sinking equipment, and promote the development of intelligent shaft and tunnel engineering construction.

[0003] In current mine construction, the demand for standardization, digitalization, and intelligent development of vertical shaft sinking construction in China is constantly increasing. The shaft sinking headframe, as the platform for suspending and hoisting equipment during vertical shaft construction, bears the lifting and suspension loads of all sinking equipment. Its performance and quality directly affect the construction efficiency and quality of the vertical shaft. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an intelligent vertical shaft sinking headframe to meet the pressing need for intelligent upgrading and transformation of mine tunnel construction equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an intelligent shaft sinking derrick foundation and its working status monitoring method. This foundation has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and convenient assembly process. It can monitor the stress on the concrete foundation in real time, thereby helping to more scientifically evaluate the working status of the shaft sinking derrick. The method is convenient to implement and has low implementation cost. It can achieve accurate real-time monitoring of concrete base pressure, foundation tangential force, and foundation normal force, and can automatically assess and warn of the stress and safety status of the shaft sinking derrick and concrete foundation based on real-time monitoring data.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation, comprising a concrete foundation, a stress monitoring mechanism, a second force measuring element, and a wireless measurement module.

[0006] The concrete foundation has multiple transverse steel bars embedded along its width and multiple longitudinal steel bars embedded along its length near the bottom surface. The transverse and longitudinal steel bars are fixedly connected to each other to form a bottom steel mesh. Five force measuring installation cavities are reserved at the center and four corners below the bottom steel mesh inside the concrete foundation. A receiving groove is opened in the center area of ​​the top of the concrete foundation, and multiple anchor bolts are embedded in it near the top. The tops of the anchor bolts are exposed at the bottom of the receiving groove.

[0007] The force monitoring mechanism consists of a base plate, a surrounding plate, a top plate, a flexible sealing strip, a force measuring element, a normal force measuring element, a temperature compensation block, and strain gauge A. The size of the base plate is adapted to the size of the receiving groove. The base plate has multiple bolt holes extending through the thickness direction at the positions corresponding to multiple anchor bolts, and a shielded cable groove is formed on its upper surface. The multiple bolt holes on the base plate are fitted onto the outside of the exposed parts of the multiple anchor bolts and are pressed into the bottom of the receiving groove by locking nuts connected to the anchor bolts. The cross-sectional size of the surrounding plate is adapted to the size of the receiving groove, and its lower open end is fixedly connected to the four edges of the upper surface of the base plate. The size of the top plate is slightly smaller than the size of the receiving groove, and it has multiple upper bolt holes extending through the thickness direction. The top plate is located in the central area inside the open end of the surrounding plate, and there are gaps between the top plate and the surrounding plate on all four sides. The flexible sealing strip is embedded in the gaps between the top plate and the surrounding plate on all four sides. The top plate, surrounding plate, and base plate are spliced ​​to form a force measuring cavity. The height of the force measuring element is the same as that of the receiving groove. The height of the force measuring cavity is adapted to the force measuring cavity; four force measuring elements are set in the force measuring cavity and located at the four corners of the same rectangle, with two of the force measuring elements located on the central axis in the width direction of the concrete foundation, and the other two force measuring elements located on the central axis in the length direction of the concrete foundation; the lower ends of the four force measuring elements are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom plate, and the upper ends of the four force measuring elements are fixedly connected to the lower end face of the top plate; the normal force measuring element is set in the force measuring cavity and located inside the four force measuring elements, with the upper end of the normal force measuring element fixedly connected to the top plate and its lower end fixedly connected to the bottom plate; the temperature compensation block is located inside the normal force measuring element and is fixedly installed on the bottom plate; the strain gauge A is attached to the temperature compensation block; five force measuring elements are respectively embedded in the interior of the concrete foundation and located in five force measuring installation cavities, with the cross-sectional dimension of the force measuring element being smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the force measuring installation cavity, its top end being fixedly connected to the bottom steel mesh, and its bottom end being fixedly connected to the bottom of the force measuring installation cavity;

[0008] The wireless measurement module is located on the outside of the force monitoring mechanism and is embedded in the inner side of the concrete foundation. Its top surface is flush with the outer surface of the concrete foundation. The wireless measurement module is connected to multiple force measuring elements 1, multiple force measuring elements 2, normal force measuring element and strain gauge A through multiple shielded signal lines embedded in the concrete foundation.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to accurately measure the normal force, the normal force measuring device consists of a force measuring ring and multiple strain gauges B, with the multiple strain gauges B evenly adhered to the inner circular surface of the force measuring ring.

[0010] Furthermore, to facilitate assembly and disassembly, the lower end of the first force measuring element is fixedly connected to the base plate, the upper end of the first force measuring element is fixed to the top plate, the upper end of the normal force measuring element is fixed to the top plate, and the lower end of the normal force measuring element is fixed to the base plate by bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, to facilitate assembly and disassembly, the enclosure is composed of four rectangular side panels connected in sequence, and adjacent rectangular side panels are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, to facilitate assembly and disassembly, the lower opening end of the enclosure is fixedly connected to the base plate by bolts.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, both the first force measuring element and the second force measuring element are contact pressure type sensors.

[0014] Furthermore, to ensure that the device can operate outdoors for extended periods, the wireless measurement module has a built-in battery with a charging interface on its surface, which is connected to the battery via a charging circuit.

[0015] Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the force measurement data and to ensure the service life of the device, the base plate, surrounding plate, and top plate are all made of the same type of steel as the corner columns of the shaft sinking frame.

[0016] In this invention, a bottom steel reinforcement mesh, consisting of multiple longitudinal and transverse steel bars, is arranged at the bottom of the concrete foundation. Five force measuring elements are then installed at the center and around the perimeter of the bottom steel reinforcement mesh. This facilitates real-time acquisition of the base pressure signal of the mixed soil foundation when the shaft drilling rig foundation bears the working load. Multiple anchor bolts are pre-embedded inside the concrete foundation, with the tops of the anchor bolts exposed in a receiving groove located at the center of the top of the concrete foundation. This allows for the secure installation of the stress monitoring mechanism within the receiving groove using the anchor bolts. For the stress monitoring mechanism, multiple bolt holes corresponding to the anchor bolts are provided on the base plate, allowing for the use of locking nuts that mate with the anchor bolts to fix the base plate to the bottom of the receiving groove. Meanwhile, multiple bolt holes are provided on the top plate, allowing for convenient and secure connection of the corner columns to the top plate using the connecting bolts on the shaft sinking rig. This enables the stress monitoring mechanism to firmly connect the shaft sinking rig to the concrete foundation, ensuring a stable connection even after the addition of the stress monitoring mechanism. This contributes to the safety and reliability of the shaft sinking rig under working loads. Shielded cable grooves are provided on the upper surface of the base plate, facilitating the embedding of the signal lines between the force measuring element and strain gauge A and the wireless measurement module. This avoids accidental damage caused by direct exposure of the signal lines, improving the reliability of the stress monitoring mechanism. The base plate is fixedly connected to the lower opening of the surrounding plate, and the top plate is positioned in the center area of ​​the opening on the surrounding plate. Multiple force-measuring elements are then fixedly connected to the top and bottom plates respectively, with a clearance fit between the top plate and the surrounding plate. This allows the top plate to directly transmit tension or pressure to the force-measuring elements when subjected to tension or pressure, preventing contact between the top plate and the surrounding plate during movement. This avoids the friction between the top plate and the surrounding plate affecting the measurement data, effectively ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data. A flexible sealing strip is embedded in the gap between the top plate and the surrounding plate. This serves two purposes: firstly, it seals the force-measuring cavity formed between the top, surrounding, and base plates, effectively preventing external substances from entering and interfering with the force-measuring elements; secondly, it effectively ensures that the flexible sealing strip's deformability minimizes the adverse effects of the sealing components on the measurement force data during the top plate's movement. Embedding a wireless measurement module in a concrete foundation, with the top surface of the module flush with the concrete foundation surface, facilitates the establishment of a communication connection between the wireless measurement module and the computer, and also makes it easier to maintain the wireless measurement module.By connecting force measuring element one, force measuring element two, normal force measuring element, and strain gauge A to a wireless measurement module, it is possible to receive the tensile or compressive signals measured by the measuring elements in real time, and the normal force signal measured by the normal force measuring element in real time. Based on the tensile or compressive signals or normal force signals, tensile or compressive data or normal force data can be obtained. Simultaneously, the obtained tensile or compressive data or normal force data can be uploaded to a computer for analysis and processing, further aiding in the evaluation of the working status of the shaft sinking rig. By attaching strain gauge A to the temperature compensation block, the deformation signal of the temperature compensation block can be detected when the temperature changes. This deformation signal can then be used to obtain the temperature compensation value, thereby correcting the measurement data and improving the monitoring results of the normal force.

[0017] This intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry foundation can monitor data such as the total working load of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and its own base pressure in real time. It provides crucial data for the safety monitoring and health maintenance of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and foundation, playing a vital role in upgrading and transforming shaft and tunnel engineering construction equipment with intelligent technology. Simultaneously, the intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry foundation can upload monitoring data to a control computer, allowing the computer to assess the stress and safety status of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and foundation based on real-time monitoring data. When any data exceeds a set threshold, it can issue a timely warning, enabling technicians to promptly investigate and address the issue, reducing the risk of safety accidents involving the hoisting and suspension equipment of the vertical shaft sinking gantry. This, in turn, helps to more scientifically assess the working status of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and provides timely warnings of unstable stress states, offering strong technical support for ensuring the safety of vertical shaft sinking construction. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and convenient assembly process. It can be used in conjunction with intelligent vertical shaft sinking or ordinary vertical shaft sinking derricks, and has good applicability. It can be used with established vertical shaft sinking derricks and in conjunction with systems such as shaft sinking suspension wire rope monitoring, hoisting and suspension sheave monitoring, which can greatly improve the load perception capability of shaft sinking hoisting and suspension equipment, and provide timely and effective early warning information to avoid construction safety accidents.

[0018] This invention also provides a method for monitoring the stress state of an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation, employing an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation, characterized by the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Construct four intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations at the locations where the vertical shaft sinking derricks will be pre-installed, namely intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations A, B, C and D;

[0020] Step 2: Install the shaft sinking derrick.

[0021] The four corner posts of the vertical shaft sinking derrick are connected to the four intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations respectively. The connecting bolts on the corner post connecting plates are threaded through the upper bolt holes on the corresponding intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations to fix the corner posts of the vertical shaft sinking derrick using the connecting bolts.

[0022] Step 3: During well drilling, monitor the foundation stress of the vertical shaft drilling rig and assess the working status of the vertical shaft drilling rig in conjunction with the specific well drilling equipment layout.

[0023] S31: Connect the wireless measurement module on the foundation of each intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick to the computer using wired or wireless communication.

[0024] S32: During the use of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick, the base pressure signal is collected in real time by five force measuring elements 2 in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick; the base tangential force signal is collected in real time by four force measuring elements 1 in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick; and the base normal force signal is collected in real time by the normal force measuring element in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick. These signals are then transmitted in real time to the wireless measurement module. The wireless measurement module receives the base pressure signal, base tangential force signal, and base normal force signal at a set sampling interval and obtains the base pressure data. Base tangential force data Basic normal force data The base pressure data, base tangential force data, and foundation normal force data are sent to the computer in real time.

[0025] S33: The computer receives and stores base pressure data, base tangential force data, and foundation normal force data, analyzes and processes these data, and then evaluates the working status of the shaft sinking derrick based on the analysis and processing results. The specific process is as follows:

[0026] (1) The computer calculates the mean base pressure using formula (1). The minimum base pressure P is calculated using formula (2). min The maximum base pressure P is calculated using formula (3). max The tangential force in the x-direction is calculated using formula (4). The tangential force in the y direction is calculated using formula (5). The foundation tangential force is calculated using formula (6). The average foundation normal force is calculated using formula (7). The minimum normal force N is calculated using formula (8). min The maximum normal force N is calculated using formula (9). max ;

[0027] (1);

[0028] P min = (2);

[0029] P max = (3);

[0030] (4);

[0031] (5);

[0032] (6);

[0033] (7);

[0034] N min = (8);

[0035] N max = (9);

[0036] In the formula, P i Measurement data for five force measuring elements 2 in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick, i=1, 2, ..., n, n=5; and The measurement data are from two force-measuring elements distributed along the x-direction. The measurement data are from two force measuring elements distributed along the y-direction; Measurement data for normal force measuring components in the foundation of intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick;

[0037] (2) The computer assesses the stress and working status of the shaft sinking derrick foundation according to the following early warning strategy;

[0038] When the average base pressure When the average base pressure exceeds the set threshold, or when the minimum base pressure P min When the base pressure is less than the set minimum threshold, or when the maximum base pressure P max When the pressure exceeds the set maximum threshold, the computer issues a base pressure warning signal and displays it in real time on the monitor.

[0039] When tangential force in the x direction When the absolute value of the tangential force is greater than the set threshold for the tangential force in the x-direction, or when the tangential force in the y-direction... When the absolute value is greater than the set tangential force threshold in the y-direction, or when the base tangential force... When the force exceeds the set basic tangential force threshold, the computer issues a basic tangential force warning signal and displays it in real time on the monitor;

[0040] When the average foundation normal force When the average base normal force exceeds the set threshold, or when the minimum normal force N... min When the normal force is less than the set minimum normal force threshold, or when the maximum normal force N max When the force exceeds the set maximum normal force threshold, the computer issues a basic normal force warning signal, which is displayed in real time on the monitor.

[0041] This method is convenient and low-cost to implement. It enables precise real-time monitoring of the foundation pressure, tangential force, and normal force of the shaft sinking derrick. Based on the real-time monitoring data, it can automatically assess and issue early warnings regarding the stress and safety status of the shaft sinking derrick and its foundation. Since all working loads on the shaft sinking derrick are transferred to the concrete foundation through the corner columns, monitoring the stress on the concrete foundation plays a crucial supporting role in assessing the working condition of the shaft sinking derrick and is a key link in controlling the working safety and overall stability of the shaft sinking derrick. Therefore, this method can effectively ensure the safe monitoring of the stress process during the use of the shaft sinking derrick, ensuring its healthy operation and maintenance. It also has significant application value in improving the informatization and intelligentization level of shaft sinking construction equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the intelligent vertical shaft drilling rig foundation in this invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the five force-measuring elements 2 in this invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the four force measuring elements in this invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the normal force measuring element in this invention.

[0048] In the diagram: 1. Concrete foundation; 2. Transverse reinforcement; 3. Force measuring element one; 4. Force measuring element two; 5. Strain gauge A; 6. Normal force measuring element; 7. Temperature compensation block; 8. Wireless measurement module; 9. Top plate; 10. Bottom plate; 11. Enclosure plate; 12. Anchor bolts; 13. Flexible sealing strip; 14. Longitudinal reinforcement; 15. Force monitoring mechanism; 16. Receiving groove; 17. Upper bolt hole; 18. Rectangular side plate. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent vertical shaft drilling rig foundation, including a concrete foundation 1, a stress monitoring mechanism 15, a force measuring element 4, and a wireless measurement module 8;

[0051] The interior of the concrete foundation 1 has multiple transverse steel bars 2 embedded along the width direction and multiple longitudinal steel bars 14 embedded along the length direction near the bottom surface. The multiple transverse steel bars 2 and multiple longitudinal steel bars 14 are fixedly connected to each other to form a bottom steel mesh. Five force measuring installation cavities are reserved at the center and four corners below the bottom steel mesh inside the concrete foundation 1. A receiving groove 16 is opened in the center area of ​​the top of the concrete foundation 1, and multiple anchor bolts 12 are embedded in it near the top. The tops of the anchor bolts 12 are exposed at the bottom of the receiving groove 16. The specifications of the concrete and steel bars in the concrete foundation 1 are consistent with those of conventional vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations.

[0052] The force monitoring mechanism 15 consists of a base plate 10, a surrounding plate 11, a top plate 9, a flexible sealing strip 13, a force measuring element 3, a normal force measuring element 6, a temperature compensation block 7, and a strain gauge A5.

[0053] The dimensions of the base plate 10 are adapted to the dimensions of the receiving groove 16. The base plate 10 has multiple bolt holes that penetrate the thickness direction at the positions corresponding to the multiple anchor bolts 12. The position and specifications of the bolt holes are adapted to the position and specifications of the anchor bolts 12 pre-embedded in the concrete foundation 1. A shielded cable groove is formed on the upper surface of the base plate 10. The position and number of the shielded cable groove are matched with the actual wiring requirements, specifically matching the arrangement and wiring requirements of the force measuring element 3 and the strain gauge A5. The multiple bolt holes on the base plate 10 are fitted onto the outside of the exposed parts of the multiple anchor bolts 12 and are pressed into the bottom of the receiving groove 16 by the locking nuts connected to the anchor bolts 12.

[0054] The cross-sectional dimensions of the enclosure plate 11 are adapted to the dimensions of the receiving groove 16, and its lower open end is fixedly connected to the four edges of the upper surface of the bottom plate 10.

[0055] The top plate 9 is slightly smaller than the size of the recess 16. It has multiple upper bolt holes 17 extending through the thickness direction. The position and number of the upper bolt holes 17 are adapted to the position and specifications of the connecting bolts of the shaft sinking frame corner column. The top plate 9 is located in the central area inside the opening end of the surrounding plate 11, and there are gaps between the top plate 9 and the surrounding plate 11 on all four sides.

[0056] The flexible sealing strip 13 is embedded in the gap between the top plate 9 and the surrounding plate 11; the top plate 9, the surrounding plate 11 and the bottom plate 10 are spliced ​​together to form a force measuring cavity;

[0057] The height of the force measuring element 3 is adapted to the height of the force measuring cavity. The force measuring element 3 can measure the axial pressure it receives, and its range is adapted to the horizontal working load received by the shaft sinking derrick foundation.

[0058] Four force measuring elements 3 are set in the force measuring cavity and located at the four corners of the same rectangle. They are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the shaft sinking frame foundation. Two of the force measuring elements 3 are located on the central axis in the width direction of the concrete foundation 1, and the other two force measuring elements 3 are located on the central axis in the length direction of the concrete foundation 1. The lower ends of the four force measuring elements 3 are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom plate 10, and the upper ends of the four force measuring elements 3 are fixedly connected to the lower end face of the top plate 9.

[0059] The normal force measuring element 6 is installed in the force measuring cavity and located inside the four force measuring elements 3. The upper end of the normal force measuring element 6 is fixedly connected to the top plate 9 and its lower end is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 10, and is used to collect the normal force signal.

[0060] The temperature compensation block 7 is located inside the normal force measuring element 6 and is fixedly installed on the base plate 10.

[0061] The strain gauge A5 is attached to the temperature compensation block 7. When the temperature changes, the temperature compensation block 7 deforms. The strain gauge A5 collects the deformation signal on the temperature compensation block 7 in real time and sends it to the controller. The controller can match the temperature compensation value based on the deformation signal on the strain gauge A5, and then correct the measurement data to obtain more accurate monitoring data. Preferably, there can be multiple strain gauges A5, which are uniformly attached to the upper surface of the temperature compensation block 7 circumferentially. More preferably, there are 4 to 8 strain gauges A5 attached to the normal force measuring element 6.

[0062] To accurately measure the normal force, the normal force measuring element consists of a force measuring ring and multiple strain gauges B, with the strain gauges B evenly adhered to the inner circular surface of the force measuring ring. As a further preferred embodiment, the multiple strain gauges B are evenly adhered to the inner circular surface of the force measuring ring; thus, the normal force signal can be detected using the strain gauges B during the deformation process of the force measuring ring.

[0063] As a further preferred option, multiple strain gauges A5 and multiple strain gauges B can be configured to form a half-bridge or full-bridge circuit.

[0064] As a preferred option, the strain gauge A5 type attached to the normal force measuring component 6 and the strain gauge A5 type on the temperature compensation block 7 are the same, both of which can measure the axial force and bending moment. Moreover, the specifications of the strain gauge A5 should be compatible with the working load of the shaft sinking derrick foundation design.

[0065] Five force measuring elements 2 4 are pre-embedded inside the concrete foundation 1 and are located in five force measuring installation cavities. The cross-sectional dimension of the force measuring element 2 4 is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the force measuring installation cavity. Its top end is fixedly connected to the bottom steel mesh frame, and its bottom end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the force measuring installation cavity. Among them, the force measuring element 2 4 located in the corner must be at least 3 times the diameter of the force measuring element 2 4 from the edge of the foundation. During the arrangement process, it is ensured that the central axis of the force measuring element 2 4 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The force measuring element 2 4 can measure the axial pressure it receives, and its range is adapted to the vertical working load received by the well drilling rig foundation.

[0066] As a preferred option, the normal force measuring element 6 and the temperature compensation block 7 are made of the same metal material.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment, the receiving groove 16 is cubic, the bottom plate 10 is square, the top plate 9 is square, and the cross-section of the surrounding plate 11 is square.

[0068] The wireless measurement module 8 is embedded in the inner side of the concrete foundation 1 and located on the outer side of the force monitoring mechanism 15. Its top surface is flush with the outer surface of the concrete foundation 1. The wireless measurement module 8 is connected to multiple force measuring elements 3, multiple force measuring elements 4 and multiple strain gauges A5 through multiple shielded signal lines embedded in the concrete foundation 1. The portion of the shielded signal line connected to the multiple force measuring elements 3 and multiple strain gauges A5 on the outer side of the force monitoring mechanism 15 is embedded in the interior of the concrete foundation 1, and the portion on the inner side of the force monitoring mechanism 15 is embedded in the shielded cable groove. The inlet and outlet of the shielded cable groove can be effectively sealed with sealant to ensure the airtightness of the force measuring cavity.

[0069] To facilitate assembly and disassembly, the lower end of the force measuring element 3 is fixedly connected to the base plate 10, the upper end of the force measuring element 3 is fixedly connected to the top plate 9, the upper end of the normal force measuring element 6 is fixedly connected to the top plate 9, and the lower end of the normal force measuring element 6 is fixedly connected to the base plate 10 by bolts.

[0070] To facilitate assembly and disassembly, the enclosure 11 is composed of four rectangular side plates 18 connected sequentially, with adjacent rectangular side plates 18 fixed together by bolts. Preferably, four force-measuring elements 3 are located on the central axes of the four rectangular side plates 18, and further, the central axes of the force-measuring elements 3 overlap with the central axes of their respective rectangular side plates 18.

[0071] To facilitate assembly and disassembly, the lower opening end of the enclosure 11 is fixedly connected to the base plate 10 by bolts.

[0072] As a preferred embodiment, both the force measuring element 3 and the force measuring element 4 are contact pressure type sensors.

[0073] To ensure the device can operate outdoors for extended periods, the wireless measurement module 8 features automatic data acquisition and uploading capabilities. It can communicate with a computer via a data cable or wireless connection, allowing the computer to set operating parameters such as data acquisition intervals and upload frequencies. It also includes manual and remote activation and automatic data acquisition functions. The wireless measurement module 8 has a built-in battery with a charging interface on its surface, connected to the battery via a charging circuit. The charging interface can be connected to an external 24V DC power supply or a solar panel.

[0074] To ensure the accuracy of the force measurement data and to ensure the service life of the device, the base plate 10, the surrounding plate 11, and the top plate 9 are all made of the same type of steel as the corner columns of the shaft sinking frame.

[0075] In this invention, a bottom steel reinforcement mesh, consisting of multiple longitudinal and transverse steel bars, is arranged at the bottom of the concrete foundation. Five force measuring elements are then installed at the center and around the perimeter of the bottom steel reinforcement mesh. This facilitates real-time acquisition of the base pressure signal of the mixed soil foundation when the shaft drilling rig foundation bears the working load. Multiple anchor bolts are pre-embedded inside the concrete foundation, with the tops of the anchor bolts exposed in a receiving groove located at the center of the top of the concrete foundation. This allows for the secure installation of the stress monitoring mechanism within the receiving groove using the anchor bolts. For the stress monitoring mechanism, multiple bolt holes corresponding to the anchor bolts are provided on the base plate, allowing for the use of locking nuts that mate with the anchor bolts to fix the base plate to the bottom of the receiving groove. Meanwhile, multiple bolt holes are provided on the top plate, allowing for convenient and secure connection of the corner columns to the top plate using the connecting bolts on the shaft sinking rig. This enables the stress monitoring mechanism to firmly connect the shaft sinking rig to the concrete foundation, ensuring a stable connection even after the addition of the stress monitoring mechanism. This contributes to the safety and reliability of the shaft sinking rig under working loads. Shielded cable grooves are provided on the upper surface of the base plate, facilitating the embedding of the signal lines between the force measuring element and strain gauge A and the wireless measurement module. This avoids accidental damage caused by direct exposure of the signal lines, improving the reliability of the stress monitoring mechanism. The base plate is fixedly connected to the lower opening of the surrounding plate, and the top plate is positioned in the center area of ​​the opening on the surrounding plate. Multiple force-measuring elements are then fixedly connected to the top and bottom plates respectively, with a clearance fit between the top plate and the surrounding plate. This allows the top plate to directly transmit tension or pressure to the force-measuring elements when subjected to tension or pressure, preventing contact between the top plate and the surrounding plate during movement. This avoids the friction between the top plate and the surrounding plate affecting the measurement data, effectively ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data. A flexible sealing strip is embedded in the gap between the top plate and the surrounding plate. This serves two purposes: firstly, it seals the force-measuring cavity formed between the top, surrounding, and base plates, effectively preventing external substances from entering and interfering with the force-measuring elements; secondly, it effectively ensures that the flexible sealing strip's deformability minimizes the adverse effects of the sealing components on the measurement force data during the top plate's movement. Embedding a wireless measurement module in a concrete foundation, with the top surface of the module flush with the concrete foundation surface, facilitates the establishment of a communication connection between the wireless measurement module and the computer, and also makes it easier to maintain the wireless measurement module.By connecting force measuring element one, force measuring element two, normal force measuring element, and strain gauge A to a wireless measurement module, it is possible to receive the tensile or compressive signals measured by the measuring elements in real time, and the normal force signal measured by the normal force measuring element in real time. Based on the tensile or compressive signals or normal force signals, tensile or compressive data or normal force data can be obtained. Simultaneously, the obtained tensile or compressive data or normal force data can be uploaded to a computer for analysis and processing, further aiding in the evaluation of the working status of the shaft sinking rig. By attaching strain gauge A to the temperature compensation block, the deformation signal of the temperature compensation block can be detected when the temperature changes. This deformation signal can then be used to obtain the temperature compensation value, thereby correcting the measurement data and improving the monitoring results of the normal force.

[0076] This intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry foundation can monitor data such as the total working load of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and its own base pressure in real time. It provides crucial data for the safety monitoring and health maintenance of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and foundation, playing a vital role in upgrading and transforming shaft and tunnel engineering construction equipment with intelligent technology. Simultaneously, the intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry foundation can upload monitoring data to a control computer, allowing the computer to assess the stress and safety status of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and foundation based on real-time monitoring data. When any data exceeds a set threshold, it can issue a timely warning, enabling technicians to promptly investigate and address the issue, reducing the risk of safety accidents involving the hoisting and suspension equipment of the vertical shaft sinking gantry. This, in turn, helps to more scientifically assess the working status of the vertical shaft sinking gantry and provides timely warnings of unstable stress states, offering strong technical support for ensuring the safety of vertical shaft sinking construction. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and convenient assembly process. It can be used in conjunction with intelligent vertical shaft sinking or ordinary vertical shaft sinking derricks, and has good applicability. It can be used with established vertical shaft sinking derricks and in conjunction with systems such as shaft sinking suspension wire rope monitoring, hoisting and suspension sheave monitoring, which can greatly improve the load perception capability of shaft sinking hoisting and suspension equipment, and provide timely and effective early warning information to avoid construction safety accidents.

[0077] This invention also provides a method for monitoring the stress state of an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation, employing an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation, characterized by the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Construct four intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry foundations at the locations where the vertical shaft sinking gantry will be pre-installed, namely Intelligent Vertical Shaft Sinking Gantry Foundation A, B, C and D; among them, the four intelligent vertical shaft sinking gantry foundations shall work independently.

[0079] Step 2: Install the shaft sinking derrick.

[0080] The four corner posts of the vertical shaft sinking derrick are connected to the four intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations respectively. The connecting bolts on the corner post connecting plates are threaded through the upper bolt holes 17 on the corresponding intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations to fix the corner posts of the vertical shaft sinking derrick using the connecting bolts.

[0081] Step 3: During well drilling, monitor the foundation stress state of the vertical shaft drilling rig and assess the working status of the vertical shaft drilling rig in conjunction with the specific well drilling equipment layout.

[0082] S31: Connect the wireless measurement module 8 on the foundation of each intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick to the computer using wired or wireless communication.

[0083] S32: During the working load period of the shaft sinking derrick, the base pressure signal is collected in real time by five force measuring elements 24 in the intelligent shaft sinking derrick foundation, the base tangential force signal is collected in real time by four force measuring elements 13 in the intelligent shaft sinking derrick foundation, and the base normal force signal is collected in real time by the normal force measuring element 6 in the intelligent shaft sinking derrick foundation. These signals are then transmitted in real time to the wireless measurement module 8. The wireless measurement module 8 receives the base pressure signal, base tangential force signal, and base normal force signal at a set sampling interval and obtains the base pressure data. Base tangential force data Basic normal force data The base pressure data, base tangential force data, and foundation normal force data are sent to the computer in real time.

[0084] S33: The computer receives and stores base pressure data, base tangential force data, and foundation normal force data, analyzes and processes these data, and then evaluates the working status of the shaft sinking derrick based on the analysis and processing results. The specific process is as follows:

[0085] (1) The computer calculates the mean base pressure using formula (1). The minimum base pressure P is calculated using formula (2). min The maximum base pressure P is calculated using formula (3). max The tangential force in the x-direction is calculated using formula (4). The tangential force in the y direction is calculated using formula (5). The foundation tangential force is calculated using formula (6). The average foundation normal force is calculated using formula (7). The minimum normal force N is calculated using formula (8). min The maximum normal force N is calculated using formula (9). max ;

[0086] (1);

[0087] P min = (2);

[0088] P max = (3);

[0089] (4);

[0090] (5);

[0091] (6);

[0092] (7);

[0093] N min = (8);

[0094] N max = (9);

[0095] In the formula, P i Measurement data for five force measuring elements 24 in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick, i=1, 2, ..., n, n=5; and The measurement data are for two force measuring elements 3 distributed along the x-direction. The measurement data are for two force measuring elements 3 distributed along the y-direction; Measurement data for the normal force measuring component 6 in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick;

[0096] (2) The computer assesses the stress and working status of the shaft sinking derrick foundation according to the following safety status assessment and early warning strategy;

[0097] When the average base pressure When the average base pressure exceeds the set threshold, or when the minimum base pressure P min When the base pressure is less than the set minimum threshold, or when the maximum base pressure P max When the pressure exceeds the set maximum threshold, the computer issues a base pressure warning signal and displays it in real time on the monitor.

[0098] When tangential force in the x direction When the absolute value of the tangential force is greater than the set threshold for the tangential force in the x-direction, or when the tangential force in the y-direction... When the absolute value is greater than the set tangential force threshold in the y-direction, or when the base tangential force... When the force exceeds the set basic tangential force threshold, the computer issues a basic tangential force warning signal and displays it in real time on the monitor;

[0099] When the average foundation normal force When the average base normal force exceeds the set threshold, or when the minimum normal force N... min When the normal force is less than the set minimum normal force threshold, or when the maximum normal force N max When the force exceeds the set maximum normal force threshold, the computer issues a basic normal force warning signal, which is displayed in real time on the monitor.

[0100] This method is convenient and low-cost to implement. It enables precise real-time monitoring of the foundation pressure, tangential force, and normal force of the shaft sinking derrick. Based on the real-time monitoring data, it can automatically assess and issue early warnings regarding the stress and safety status of the shaft sinking derrick and its foundation. Since all working loads on the shaft sinking derrick are transferred to the concrete foundation through the corner columns, monitoring the stress on the concrete foundation plays a crucial supporting role in assessing the working condition of the shaft sinking derrick and is a key link in controlling the working safety and overall stability of the shaft sinking derrick. Therefore, this method can effectively ensure the safe monitoring of the stress process during the use of the shaft sinking derrick, ensuring its healthy operation and maintenance. It also has significant application value in improving the informatization and intelligentization level of shaft sinking construction equipment.

Claims

1. A smart vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation, comprising a concrete foundation (1), characterized in that, It also includes a force monitoring mechanism (15), a force measuring element 2 (4), and a wireless measurement module (8); The concrete foundation (1) has multiple transverse steel bars (2) embedded in the width direction and multiple longitudinal steel bars (14) embedded in the length direction near the bottom surface. The multiple transverse steel bars (2) and multiple longitudinal steel bars (14) are fixedly connected to each other to form a bottom steel mesh. Five force measuring installation cavities are reserved at the center and four corners below the bottom steel mesh inside the concrete foundation (1). A receiving groove (16) is opened in the center area of ​​the top of the concrete foundation (1), and multiple anchor bolts (12) are embedded in it near the top. The top of the multiple anchor bolts (12) is exposed at the bottom of the receiving groove (16). The force monitoring mechanism (15) consists of a base plate (10), a surrounding plate (11), a top plate (9), a flexible sealing strip (13), a force measuring element (3), a normal force measuring element (6), a temperature compensation block (7), and a strain gauge A (5). The size of the base plate (10) is adapted to the size of the receiving groove (16). The base plate (10) has multiple bolt holes that penetrate the thickness direction at the positions corresponding to multiple anchor bolts (12), and a shielded cable groove is formed on its upper surface. The multiple bolt holes on the base plate (10) are fitted on the outside of the exposed parts of the multiple anchor bolts (12) and are locked by connecting to the anchor bolts (12). The nut is pressed into the bottom of the receiving groove (16); the cross-sectional dimensions of the surrounding plate (11) are adapted to the dimensions of the receiving groove (16), and its lower open end is fixedly connected to the four edges of the upper surface of the bottom plate (10); the dimensions of the top plate (9) are slightly smaller than the dimensions of the receiving groove (16), and it has multiple upper bolt holes (17) extending through the thickness direction; the top plate (9) is located in the central area inside the upper open end of the surrounding plate (11), and there are gaps between the top plate (9) and the surrounding plate (11) on all four sides; the flexible sealing strip (13) is embedded in the gaps between the top plate (9) and the surrounding plate (11); the top plate (9), the surrounding plate (11) and the bottom plate (10) 10) The force measuring cavity is formed by splicing; the height of the force measuring element (3) is adapted to the height of the force measuring cavity; four force measuring elements (3) are set in the force measuring cavity and are located at the four corners of the same rectangle, and two of the force measuring elements (3) are located on the central axis in the width direction of the concrete foundation (1), while the other two force measuring elements (3) are located on the central axis in the length direction of the concrete foundation (1); the lower ends of the four force measuring elements (3) are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom plate (10), and the upper ends of the four force measuring elements (3) are fixedly connected to the lower end face of the top plate (9); the normal force measuring element (6) is set in the force measuring cavity, and Located inside the four force measuring elements (3), the upper end of the normal force measuring element (6) is fixedly connected to the top plate (9), and its lower end is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (10); the temperature compensation block (7) is located inside the normal force measuring element (6), and it is fixedly installed on the bottom plate (10); the strain gauge A (5) is attached to the temperature compensation block (7); the five force measuring elements (4) are respectively embedded in the interior of the concrete foundation (1), and are respectively located in the five force measuring installation cavities. The cross-sectional dimension of the force measuring element (4) is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the force measuring installation cavity. Its top end is fixedly connected to the bottom steel mesh, and its bottom end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the force measuring installation cavity. The wireless measurement module (8) is located outside the force monitoring mechanism (15) and is embedded in the inner side of the concrete foundation (1), with its top surface flush with the outer surface of the concrete foundation (1). The wireless measurement module (8) is connected to multiple force measuring elements (3), multiple force measuring elements (4), normal force measuring element (6) and strain gauge A (5) respectively through multiple shielded signal lines embedded in the concrete foundation (1).

2. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The normal force measuring element (6) consists of a force measuring ring and multiple strain gauges B, with the multiple strain gauges B evenly adhered to the inner circular surface of the force measuring ring.

3. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the force measuring element (3) is fixedly connected to the base plate (10), the upper end of the force measuring element (3) is fixedly connected to the top plate (9), the upper end of the normal force measuring element (6) is fixedly connected to the top plate (9), and the lower end of the normal force measuring element (6) is fixedly connected to the base plate (10) by bolts.

4. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The enclosure (11) is composed of four rectangular side panels (18) connected in sequence, and two adjacent rectangular side panels (18) are fixedly connected by bolts.

5. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower opening end of the enclosure (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (10) by bolts.

6. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the first force measuring element (3) and the second force measuring element (4) are contact pressure type sensors.

7. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The wireless measurement module (8) has a built-in battery and a charging interface on its surface. The charging interface is connected to the battery through a charging circuit.

8. The intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom plate (10), the surrounding plate (11), and the top plate (9) are all made of the same type of steel as the corner column of the shaft sinking frame.

9. A method for monitoring the stress state of an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation, comprising an intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundation as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct four intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations at the locations where the vertical shaft sinking derricks will be pre-installed, namely intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations A, B, C and D; Step 2: Install the shaft sinking derrick. The four corner posts of the vertical shaft sinking derrick are connected to the four intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations respectively. The connecting bolts on the corner post connecting plate are threaded through the upper bolt holes (17) on the corresponding intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick foundations to fix the corner posts of the vertical shaft sinking derrick using the connecting bolts. Step 3: During well drilling, monitor the foundation stress of the vertical shaft drilling rig and assess the working status of the vertical shaft drilling rig in conjunction with the specific well drilling equipment layout. S31: Connect the wireless measurement module (8) on the foundation of each intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick to the computer using wired or wireless communication. S32: During the use of the vertical shaft sinking derrick, the base pressure signal is collected in real time by the five force measuring elements 2 (4) in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick, the base tangential force signal is collected in real time by the four force measuring elements 1 (3) in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick, and the base normal force signal is collected in real time by the normal force measuring element (6) in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick, and the signal is sent to the wireless measurement module (8) in real time. The wireless measurement module (8) receives the base pressure signal, the base tangential force signal, and the base normal force signal at a set sampling interval, and obtains the base pressure data. Base tangential force data Basic normal force data The base pressure data, base tangential force data, and foundation normal force data are sent to the computer in real time. S33: The computer receives and stores base pressure data, base tangential force data, and foundation normal force data, analyzes and processes these data, and then evaluates the working status of the shaft sinking derrick based on the analysis and processing results. The specific process is as follows: (1) The computer calculates the mean base pressure using formula (1). The minimum base pressure P is calculated using formula (2). min The maximum base pressure P is calculated using formula (3). max The tangential force in the x-direction is calculated using formula (4). The tangential force in the y direction is calculated using formula (5). The foundation tangential force is calculated using formula (6). The average foundation normal force is calculated using formula (7). The minimum normal force N is calculated using formula (8). min The maximum normal force N is calculated using formula (9). max ; （1）； P min = （2）； P max = （3）； （4）； （5）； （6）； （7）； N min = （8）； N max = （9）； In the formula, P i The measurement data of the five force measuring elements (4) in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick, i=1, 2, ..., n, n=5; and The measurement data are for two force measuring elements (3) distributed along the x-direction. The measurement data of two force measuring elements (3) distributed along the y direction; Measurement data for the normal force measuring component (6) in the foundation of the intelligent vertical shaft sinking derrick; (2) The computer assesses the stress and working status of the shaft sinking derrick foundation according to the following early warning strategy; When the average base pressure When the average base pressure exceeds the set threshold, or when the minimum base pressure P min When the base pressure is less than the set minimum threshold, or when the maximum base pressure P max When the pressure exceeds the set maximum threshold, the computer issues a base pressure warning signal and displays it in real time on the monitor. When tangential force in the x direction When the absolute value of the tangential force is greater than the set threshold for the tangential force in the x-direction, or when the tangential force in the y-direction... When the absolute value is greater than the set tangential force threshold in the y-direction, or when the base tangential force... When the force exceeds the set basic tangential force threshold, the computer issues a basic tangential force warning signal and displays it in real time on the monitor; When the average foundation normal force When the average base normal force exceeds the set threshold, or when the minimum normal force N... min When the normal force is less than the set minimum normal force threshold, or when the maximum normal force N max When the force exceeds the set maximum normal force threshold, the computer issues a basic normal force warning signal, which is displayed in real time on the monitor.

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