A gently inclined thin ore body filling mining method

Abstract

The present application provides a gently inclined thin ore body filling mining method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) dividing several mining middle sections, 2) dividing several mining ore rooms, 3) dividing several mining strips, 4) mining the first strip, 5) mining the second strip, 6) mining the fourth strip, 7) mining the third strip, and 8) gently inclined thin ore body mining. The mined ore is mined in different orders according to the mining strips, and the mined-out area is filled to ensure that the mining and filling in a single ore room can be carried out simultaneously, and the mining of the ore room and the adjacent ore room is synchronized or staggered, without waiting for the filling or the setting of the filling body, so that the mining and filling between the ore rooms and the mining and filling within the ore room do not affect each other and do not interfere with each other, ensuring safe and efficient mining of the mine and improving the mining operation efficiency and production capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a mining method, specifically a method for filling gently dipping thin ore bodies. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, mining methods for gently dipping thin ore bodies mainly include the room-and-pillar method, the full-face method, and the strip backfill method. While the room-and-pillar method and the full-face method offer high ore yield and mining efficiency, the long exposure time of the stope roof poses safety hazards. The strip backfill method, while ensuring safety, requires staggered mining and backfilling operations, leading to long waiting times and interference, which hinders ore yield and reduces mining efficiency. Although some mines attempt to balance ore yield and production safety by backfilling the stope after mining gently dipping thin ore bodies using the room-and-pillar method or the full-face method, the failure to backfill promptly during mining means the stope roof is not adequately supported by the backfill material, still posing production safety risks. Therefore, it is necessary to improve existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to provide a mining method with high ore extraction efficiency, small exposed space, and timely filling of mined-out areas to ensure safety and efficiency.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies, characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Divide the ore body into several mining sections: On the gently dipping ore body, divide the ore body into several mining sections according to the slope length. Set up upper and lower transport tunnels on the slope and at the bottom of each mining section, and control the height difference between the upper and lower transport tunnels to be 8-12m. 2) Divide the mining section in step 1) into several mining blocks, each 40-60m wide, consisting of a top pillar on the slope, an ore body within the slope, and a bottom pillar on the slope. 3) Divide each stope in step 2) into four mining strips along the ore body strike, and number the four mining strips from left to right. Control the width of each mining strip to 10-15m. Excavate transport longitudinal tunnels on both sides of each stope. Excavate the stope entrances connecting the transport longitudinal tunnels at the corresponding positions of the top pillar on the slope and the bottom pillar on the slope. Then, excavate cutting horizontal tunnels between the bottom of the ore body and the bottom pillar on the slope. 4) Mining the first strip: Starting from the cutting level roadway in step 3), the first strip is mined from the left side of the ore body from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope. The mined ore is transported through the transport longitudinal roadway to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport level roadway. 5) Mining the second strip: After mining to the top of the slope in step 4), the second strip is mined from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope. The mined ore is transported to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport horizontal roadway through the transport longitudinal roadway. A closed retaining wall is set in the goaf after mining and at the corresponding positions of the top pillar on the slope and the bottom pillar on the slope. The closed retaining wall is then filled with filler. 6) Mining the fourth strip: After step 5) mining to the bottom of the slope, the fourth strip is mined from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope. The mined ore is transported through the transport longitudinal roadway to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport horizontal roadway. 7) Mining the third strip: After mining to the top of the slope in step 6), the third strip is mined from the top of the slope down the slope. The mined ore is transported through the transport longitudinal roadway to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport horizontal roadway. A closed retaining wall is set in the goaf after mining, at the corresponding positions of the top pillar on the slope and the bottom pillar on the slope. Filling material is filled into the closed retaining wall. This completes the ore filling mining of one mining section. 8) Mining of gently dipping thin ore bodies: Repeat steps 2) to 7) until the filling mining of the gently dipping thin ore body is completed.

[0005] The slope length is adapted to the dip angle of the gently dipping ore body. The slope length is shorter when the dip angle is large and longer when the dip angle is small. The slope length of the mining section is controlled to be 80-120m.

[0006] The ore mining is either conventional blasting mining or conventional mechanical mining.

[0007] The mined ore is transported using conventional machinery.

[0008] Setting up enclosed retaining walls in the goaf after mining involves building retaining walls around the goaf, including the top pillars on the slope and the bottom pillars on the slope at the entrance of the mine.

[0009] The filler material inside the enclosed retaining wall is tailings and / or waste rock, and the mixing ratio of the two is arbitrary.

[0010] The lower transport level serves as the air intake channel. After passing through the mine entrance and the cutting level, the air enters the transport longitudinal roadway and then exits to the surface through the upper transport level and a dedicated return air channel.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention utilizes a technical solution that divides a mining area into several mining sections, further subdivides each section into multiple mining strips, and establishes transport longitudinal tunnels around these strips to form mining chambers. The ore within these chambers is then mined in different sequences according to the mining strips, and the goafs following ore extraction are backfilled. This process does not interfere with ore body mining, and the timely backfilling ensures that mining and backfilling processes within a single chamber can proceed simultaneously. It also allows for simultaneous or staggered mining of adjacent chambers, eliminating the need to wait for backfilling or its solidification. This ensures that there is no mutual interference between chambers or between mining and backfilling processes within a chamber, guaranteeing safe and efficient mining operations. This significantly improves mining efficiency and production capacity, and by eliminating pillars between chambers, it increases ore recovery. In essence, this is a highly efficient, safe, and economical backfilling mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a single mining section of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA section view; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the division of multiple mining strips within a single mining section according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a stope within a single mining section of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first mining strip in a single mine chamber according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second mining strip in a single mine chamber according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth mining strip in a single mine chamber according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mining strip in the middle section of a single mine in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the filling process after mining multiple mining strips in a single mine chamber according to the present invention.

[0013] In the diagram: 1 - Upper transport level roadway, 2 - Upper roof pillar, 3 - Ore, 4 - Lower floor pillar, 5 - Lower transport level roadway, 41 - Stope entrance, 6 - Cutting level roadway, 7 - Mining strip, 8 - Transport longitudinal roadway, 9 - Enclosed retaining wall. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for backfilling mining of gently dipping thin ore bodies, comprising the following steps: Step 1) On a gently dipping ore body with an inclination angle of 6º, divide the ore body into several mining sections with a slope length of 100m. For each mining section, upper and lower haulage tunnels 1 and 5 are respectively set up at the top and bottom of the slope, controlling the height difference H between the upper and lower haulage tunnels 1 and 5 to be 10m. Figure 1 , Figure 2 ; Step 2) Divide each mining section in Step 1) into several stops, each 40m wide, consisting of a top pillar 2 on the slope, an ore body 3 within the slope, and a bottom pillar 4 on the slope. Figure 1 : Step 3) Divide each stope from Step 2) into four mining strips along the ore body strike, and number the four mining strips from left to right as ①, ②, ③, and ④. Control the width of each mining strip to 10m. Excavate transport longitudinal roadways 8 on both sides of each stope. Excavate stope entrances 41, connecting the transport longitudinal roadways 8, at the corresponding positions of the top pillar 2 on the slope and the bottom pillar 4 on the slope. The stope entrances 41 are 8m wide. Then, excavate a cutting horizontal roadway 6 between the bottom of the ore body 3 and the bottom pillar 4 on the slope. Figure 4 ; Step 4) Starting from the cutting level 6 in Step 3), the first strip ① is mined from the left side of the ore body 3, from the bottom of the slope to the top. The mining is carried out by blasting. The mined ore is transported via the transport longitudinal roadway 8 to the bottom pillar 4, the ore stope entrance 41, and the lower transport level 5. This transport is carried out by conventional mechanical transport. Figure 5 ; Step 5) After mining up the slope in Step 4), the second strip ② is mined from the top of the slope down the slope. The mined ore is then transported via the transport longitudinal roadway 8 to the bottom pillar 4, the ore chamber entrance 41, and the lower transport horizontal roadway 5. This transport is conventional mechanical transport. Figure 6 In the mined-out area, a closed retaining wall 9 is installed at the corresponding positions of the top pillar 2 on the slope and the bottom pillar 4 on the slope. Tailings and waste rock are filled into the closed retaining wall 9. Figure 7 ; Step 6) After mining to the bottom of the slope in step 5), the fourth strip ④ is mined from the bottom of the slope up the slope. The mining is carried out by blasting. The mined ore is transported via the transport longitudinal roadway 8 to the bottom pillar 4, the entrance to the stope 41, and the lower transport horizontal roadway 5. This transport is carried out by conventional mechanical transport. Figure 7 ; Step 7) After mining up the slope in Step 6), the third strip ③ is mined from the top of the slope down the slope. The mined ore is then transported via the transport longitudinal roadway 8 to the bottom pillar 4, the ore chamber entrance 41, and the lower transport horizontal roadway 5. This transport is conventional mechanical transport. Figure 8 In the mined-out area, a closed retaining wall 9 is installed at the corresponding positions of the top pillar 2 on the slope and the bottom pillar 4 on the slope. Tailings and waste rock are then filled into the closed retaining wall 9. This completes the ore mining and filling of one mining section. Figure 9 ; Step 8), repeat steps 2) through 7) until the filling mining of the gently dipping thin ore body is completed.

[0016] The enclosure wall 9 in the mined-out area after mining is: a retaining wall is built around the mined-out area, including the top pillar 2 on the slope and the bottom pillar 4 on the slope at the mine entrance 41. The filler material inside the closed retaining wall 9 is one or two of tailings and waste rock, and the ratio of the two is arbitrary; The lower transport level 5 serves as the air intake channel. After passing through the mine inlet 41 and the cutting level 6, the air enters the transport longitudinal roadway 8 and then exits to the surface through the upper transport level 1 into the dedicated return air channel.

[0017] Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present invention. If such modifications and variations are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, then such modifications and variations are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] The contents not described in detail in the specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: 1) Divide the ore body into several mining sections: On the gently dipping ore body, divide the ore body into several mining sections according to the slope length. Set up upper and lower transport tunnels on the slope and at the bottom of each mining section, and control the height difference between the upper and lower transport tunnels to be 8-12m. 2) Divide the mining section in step 1) into several mining blocks, each 40-60m wide, consisting of a top pillar on the slope, an ore body within the slope, and a bottom pillar on the slope. 3) Divide each stope in step 2) into four mining strips along the ore body strike, and number the four mining strips from left to right. Control the width of each mining strip to 10-15m. Excavate transport longitudinal tunnels on both sides of each stope. Excavate the stope entrances connecting the transport longitudinal tunnels at the corresponding positions of the top pillar on the slope and the bottom pillar on the slope. Then, excavate cutting horizontal tunnels between the bottom of the ore body and the bottom pillar on the slope. 4) Mining the first strip: Starting from the cutting level roadway in step 3), the first strip is mined from the left side of the ore body from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope. The mined ore is transported through the transport longitudinal roadway to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport level roadway. 5) Mining the second strip: After mining to the top of the slope in step 4), the second strip is mined from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope. The mined ore is transported to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport horizontal roadway through the transport longitudinal roadway. A closed retaining wall is set in the goaf after mining and at the corresponding positions of the top pillar on the slope and the bottom pillar on the slope. The closed retaining wall is then filled with filler. 6) Mining the fourth strip: After step 5) mining to the bottom of the slope, the fourth strip is mined from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope. The mined ore is transported through the transport longitudinal roadway to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport horizontal roadway. 7) Mining the third strip: After mining to the top of the slope in step 6), the third strip is mined from the top of the slope down the slope. The mined ore is transported through the transport longitudinal roadway to the bottom pillar stope entrance and the lower transport horizontal roadway. A closed retaining wall is set in the goaf after mining, at the corresponding positions of the top pillar on the slope and the bottom pillar on the slope. Filling material is filled into the closed retaining wall. This completes the ore filling mining of one mining section. 8) Mining of gently dipping thin ore bodies: Repeat steps 2) to 7) until the filling mining of the gently dipping thin ore body is completed.

2. The method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ore mining is either conventional blasting mining or conventional mechanical mining.

3. The method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mined ore is transported using conventional machinery.

4. The method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Setting up enclosed retaining walls in open areas after mining involves constructing retaining walls around the goaf, including the entrances to the stopes on the top pillars on the slope and the bottom pillars on the slope.

5. The method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filler material inside the closed retaining wall is one or more of the following: stripped soil, stones, and slag, and the proportion of these materials is arbitrary.

6. The method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The slope length is adapted to the dip angle of the gently dipping ore body. The slope length is shorter when the dip angle is large and longer when the dip angle is small. The slope length of the mining section is controlled to be 80-120m.

7. The method for backfilling and mining gently dipping thin ore bodies as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower transport level serves as the air intake channel. After passing through the mine entrance and the cutting level, the air enters the transport longitudinal roadway and then exits to the surface through the upper transport level and a dedicated return air channel.

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