Variable flow area methanol fuel injector

Abstract

The present application aims at providing a variable flow area methanol fuel injector, a variable orifice nozzle assembly, a lift control assembly body, a needle valve lift control assembly, an electromagnetic valve body and an electromagnetic-permanent magnet collaborative coupling electromagnetic control valve are sequentially installed in the injector body nut sleeve and the nozzle nut sleeve from bottom to top, the electromagnetic-permanent magnet collaborative coupling electromagnetic control valve is installed in the electromagnetic valve body, the injector body nut sleeve side is respectively provided with a first oil inlet hole and a second oil inlet hole communicating with the needle valve lift control assembly, the high dynamic response and low impact rebound of the methanol fuel injector are realized through the electromagnetic-permanent magnet collaborative coupling electromagnetic control valve, the number of injection holes is realized to be variable through the cooperation of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet collaborative coupling electromagnetic control valve, the needle valve lift control assembly and the variable orifice nozzle assembly, and the present application is suitable for the methanol fuel engine injection system field, is beneficial to improve the fuel injection performance of the methanol fuel injector, and improves the working stability and service life of the methanol fuel injector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a methanol fuel engine injection system, specifically a methanol fuel injector with a variable flow area. Background Technology

[0002] Methanol, as a hydrogen storage substance, is easy to store and transport, inexpensive, and readily available. It also possesses advantages such as renewability and low carbon emissions, making it one of the ideal clean fuels for engines. Research on methanol-fueled internal combustion engine power systems has become one of the research hotspots in the field of internal combustion power in recent years, belonging to the cutting-edge science and technology of the low-carbon field.

[0003] The design and development of methanol fuel injectors is crucial for breakthroughs in methanol-fueled internal combustion engine power systems. The high dynamic response characteristics and low impact rebound between moving parts are two contradictory technical indicators determining the injection performance of methanol fuel injectors. High dynamic response often results in a decline in injector performance due to large impact forces between moving parts. Furthermore, controlled combustion technology in methanol-fueled engines places higher demands on the control of methanol fuel injection; more flexible and controllable methanol injection patterns will be the future development trend of methanol-fueled power systems. However, existing methanol fuel injectors struggle to achieve flexible and variable methanol injection patterns and cannot simultaneously achieve the contradictory technical indicators of high response characteristics and low impact rebound. These are technical problems that urgently need to be solved to improve the performance and stability of methanol fuel injectors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a methanol fuel injector with a variable flow area, which can achieve flexible and controllable methanol injection patterns while ensuring high dynamic response and low impact rebound, thereby improving the injector's performance and stability.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] This invention discloses a methanol fuel injector with a variable flow area, characterized in that it includes an injector end cap, an electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve, a solenoid valve body, an injector body nut sleeve, a needle valve lift control assembly, a lift control assembly body, a nozzle nut sleeve, and a variable orifice nozzle assembly. The variable orifice nozzle assembly, lift control assembly body, needle valve lift control assembly, and solenoid valve body are sequentially installed from bottom to top inside the injector body nut sleeve and nozzle nut sleeve. The electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve is installed inside the solenoid valve body. The injector body nut sleeve has a primary oil inlet and a secondary oil inlet on its side, which connect to the needle valve lift control assembly. The variable orifice nozzle assembly includes a throttling control block. Both the lift control assembly body and the throttling control block have methanol channels. The needle valve lift control assembly is connected to the variable orifice nozzle assembly through the methanol channels.

[0007] The electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve includes a solenoid valve core, a main coil frame, a main electromagnetic coil, a main solenoid valve body, a control armature, a magnetostrictive sleeve, a buffer spring, a buffer spring limiter, an auxiliary coil frame, an auxiliary electromagnetic coil, an auxiliary coil body, a permanent magnet ring, a seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring, and a buffer collision ring. The main electromagnetic coil is wound on the main coil frame, and the main coil frame is embedded below the solenoid valve core. The main coil frame is installed in the main solenoid valve body. The control armature is located below the solenoid valve core. Both the magnetostrictive sleeve and the buffer collision ring are sleeved outside the control armature and are located in the buffer spring limiter. A buffer spring is installed between them. The permanent magnet ring is located below the control armature and is connected and fixed to the control armature by threads. The seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring is installed in the permanent magnet ring body. The upper end of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring is the "N" pole, and the lower end is the "S" pole. The auxiliary electromagnetic coil is wound on the auxiliary coil frame, and the auxiliary coil frame is installed in the auxiliary coil body.

[0008] The present invention may also include:

[0009] 1. The height of the auxiliary permanent magnet ring is equal to half the height of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil.

[0010] 2. In the initial state, that is, when the main electromagnetic coil and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil are not energized, the lower end face of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring and the lower end face of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil are on the same horizontal plane, and the initial gap between the solenoid valve core and the control armature, that is, the control armature lift, is equal to the height of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring.

[0011] 3. The needle valve lift control assembly includes a control valve stem return spring, a control valve stem, an oil circuit control outer sleeve return spring, an oil circuit control outer sleeve, and a return oil chamber control ball valve. The upper end of the control valve stem is located inside the auxiliary coil body. The control valve stem is connected to the permanent magnet ring body via threads. The control valve stem return spring is sleeved on the upper end of the control valve stem. The oil circuit control outer sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the control valve stem and is installed inside the lift control assembly body. An annular groove is formed on the control valve stem. The control valve stem and the oil circuit control outer sleeve cooperate to form a primary oil circuit control annular cavity. The control loop chamber is equipped with a primary oil circuit and a secondary oil circuit. The primary oil circuit and the secondary oil circuit are connected to the primary oil circuit control loop chamber and the secondary oil circuit control loop chamber, respectively. A return oil chamber control ball valve is set at the lower end of the control valve stem. The return spring of the oil circuit control sleeve is installed between the oil circuit control sleeve and the lift control assembly. The primary oil circuit and the primary oil inlet, and the secondary oil circuit and the secondary oil inlet are connected through the methanol channel provided in the lift control assembly. The control valve stem and the oil circuit control sleeve cooperate to form the return oil chamber.

[0012] 4. The height of the primary oil circuit control ring cavity is twice the height of the secondary oil circuit control ring cavity.

[0013] 5. The variable orifice nozzle assembly includes a large-lift control block return spring, a needle valve sleeve, a large-lift control block, a needle valve return spring, a multi-orifice nozzle body, a needle valve, and a throttling control block. The throttling control block contains a primary return throttling orifice, a secondary return throttling orifice, a primary inlet throttling orifice, and a secondary inlet throttling orifice. The large-lift control block return spring is installed between the large-lift control block and the throttling control block. The needle valve sleeve is fitted over the upper end of the needle valve and located within the large-lift control block. A needle valve return spring is installed between the flange of the needle valve and the lower end of the needle valve sleeve. The large-lift control block is installed within the multi-orifice nozzle body. The needle valve sleeve, needle valve, and throttling control block... The control blocks work together to form the main control chamber. The throttling control block, needle valve sleeve, large lift control block, and multi-orifice nozzle body work together to form the secondary control chamber. The multi-orifice nozzle body is equipped with an alcohol inlet channel and a needle valve seat. Under the action of the needle valve return spring, the needle valve and the needle valve seat form a sealing ring surface. An annular groove is opened at the lower end of the needle valve. The needle valve and the multi-orifice nozzle body work together to form an alcohol holding tank, a secondary nozzle control ring cavity, and a pressure chamber. The alcohol inlet channel is connected to the alcohol holding tank. A cavity is opened in the needle valve and an alcohol inlet is provided. The lower end of the multi-orifice nozzle body is equipped with a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle. The primary nozzle and the secondary nozzle are connected to the pressure chamber and the secondary nozzle control ring cavity, respectively.

[0014] 6. During the opening phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet synergistic coupling electromagnetic control valve, the main electromagnetic coil inside the electromagnetic-permanent magnet synergistic coupling electromagnetic control valve is energized, and the electromagnetic valve core generates electromagnetic force to attract the control armature. Since the control armature, permanent magnet ring, and control valve stem are fixed, the control valve stem overcomes the preload force of the control valve stem return spring and moves upward. Under the action of the magnetic field generated by the main electromagnetic coil, the super magnetostrictive sleeve gradually elongates axially, and then gradually compresses the buffer spring, so that the flange of the permanent magnet ring is subjected to the action of the buffer spring, realizing low impact rebound between the top of the control armature and the electromagnetic valve core.

[0015] 7. During the closing phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve, the main electromagnetic coil inside the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve is de-energized, while the auxiliary electromagnetic coil is energized. This generates a counterclockwise closed magnetic flux that passes through the permanent magnet ring, the buffer spring limiter, and the auxiliary coil. The seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring experiences a downward electromagnetic force, accelerating the valve stem downwards to close. When the valve reaches half its lift, the electromagnetic force on the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring changes direction, buffering the impact when the return oil chamber control ball valve is seated. The auxiliary electromagnetic coil generates a small amount of counterclockwise closed magnetic flux that passes sequentially through the permanent magnet ring, the control armature, the solenoid valve core, the main solenoid valve body, the buffer spring limiter, and the auxiliary coil, rapidly demagnetizing the solenoid valve core.

[0016] 8. In the small nozzle injection mode, a small current is applied to the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled solenoid control valve. The solenoid valve core generates an attractive force to attract the control armature, causing the control valve rod to move upward against the preload of the control valve rod return spring until the control valve rod collides and contacts the oil circuit control outer sleeve. Then, under the preload of the oil circuit control outer sleeve return spring, the movement stops. At this time, the return oil chamber control ball valve opens, the primary oil circuit control ring chamber and the secondary oil circuit control ring chamber move upward, the secondary oil circuit is disconnected, and the primary oil circuit remains connected. High-pressure oil in the main control chamber passes through the primary... The oil flows into the return oil chamber through the return oil throttle orifice, and the oil pressure in the main control chamber drops rapidly. Under the action of high-pressure methanol in the methanol tank, the needle valve overcomes the preload of the needle valve return spring and moves upward until it contacts the large-lift control block. Due to the preload of the large-lift control block return spring and the oil pressure in the secondary control chamber, the needle valve stops moving and completes the small-lift opening. The secondary nozzle control ring chamber is not connected to the methanol tank. At this time, the lower end of the needle valve leaves the needle valve seat, and the methanol in the methanol tank passes through the methanol inlet, the inner cavity of the needle valve, and the pressure chamber in sequence, and is finally sprayed out from the primary nozzle.

[0017] 9. In the large-nozzle injection mode, a large current is applied to the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve. The electromagnetic valve core generates an attractive force to attract the control armature, causing the control valve rod to move upward against the preload of the control valve rod return spring. After the control valve rod collides and contacts the oil circuit control sleeve, it continues to move upward against the preload of the oil circuit control sleeve return spring until it reaches the maximum lift. At this time, the return oil chamber control ball valve opens, the lower end face of the oil circuit control sleeve lifts, and the oil circuit control sleeve, the first-stage oil circuit control ring cavity, and the second-stage oil circuit control ring cavity move upward. The first-stage oil circuit and the second-stage oil circuit are disconnected, and the high-pressure oil in the main control chamber and the auxiliary control chamber respectively passes through the first-stage return oil throttling. The oil flows into the return oil chamber through the orifice and the secondary return oil throttle orifice. The oil pressure in the main control chamber and the secondary control chamber drops rapidly. Under the action of high-pressure methanol in the methanol tank, the needle valve overcomes the preload of the needle valve return spring and moves upward. After contacting the large-lift control block, it continues to overcome the preload of the large-lift control block return spring and drive the large-lift control block to move upward until the needle valve reaches its maximum lift. At this time, the lower end of the needle valve leaves the needle valve seat, and at the same time, the secondary nozzle control ring cavity moves upward. The secondary nozzle control ring cavity is connected to the methanol tank. One stream of methanol in the methanol tank passes through the inlet orifice, the inner cavity of the needle valve, and the pressure chamber in sequence, and finally sprays out from the primary nozzle. Another stream of methanol in the methanol tank passes through the secondary nozzle control ring cavity and sprays out from the secondary nozzle.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention employs an electromagnetic-permanent magnet synergistic coupling electromagnetic control valve to achieve high dynamic response and low impact rebound during the opening and closing of the methanol fuel injector. During the opening phase, a magnetostrictive sleeve and a buffer spring are used to minimize impact rebound between the armature top and the solenoid valve core. During the closing phase, a seat-assisted permanent magnet ring and an auxiliary electromagnetic coil are used to buffer the impact when the ball valve in the return oil chamber is seated, while simultaneously accelerating the demagnetization of the solenoid valve core. The electromagnetic-permanent magnet synergistic coupling electromagnetic control valve, the needle valve lift control component, and the variable orifice nozzle assembly work together to adjust the number of injector orifices, achieving a flexible and variable methanol injection pattern. This improves the fuel injection performance of the methanol fuel injector, enhancing its operational stability and service life. Furthermore, to prevent methanol from corroding the needle valve lift control component, this invention uses diesel fuel as the lift control fuel to achieve the opening and closing of the needle valve within the variable orifice nozzle assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet coordinated coupling electromagnetic control valve of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the needle valve lift control assembly of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the variable nozzle assembly of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit during the opening phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet coordinated coupling electromagnetic control valve of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit during the closing phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet coordinated coupling electromagnetic control valve of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] exist Figure 1 In the middle, 1: Injector end cap; 2: Electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve; 3: Solenoid valve body; 4: Injector body nut sleeve; 5: Needle valve lift control assembly; 6: Primary oil inlet; 7: Secondary oil inlet; 8: Lift control assembly body; 9: Nozzle nut sleeve; 10: Variable nozzle assembly.

[0028] exist Figure 2In the diagram, 201: Solenoid valve core; 202: Main coil frame; 203: Main solenoid coil; 204: Main solenoid valve body; 205: Control armature; 206: Magnetostrictive sleeve; 207: Buffer spring; 208: Buffer spring limiter; 209: Auxiliary coil frame; 210: Auxiliary solenoid coil; 211: Auxiliary coil body;

[0029] 212: Permanent magnet ring; 213: Sealing auxiliary permanent magnet ring; 214: Buffer collision ring.

[0030] exist Figure 3 In the diagram, 501: control valve stem return spring; 502: control valve stem; 503: oil circuit control outer sleeve return spring; 504: oil circuit control outer sleeve; 505: primary oil circuit control ring cavity; 506: primary oil circuit; 507: secondary oil circuit control ring cavity; 508: secondary oil circuit; 509: return oil cavity control ball valve; 510: return oil cavity.

[0031] exist Figure 4 In the diagram, 1001: Primary oil return throttling orifice; 1002: Secondary oil return throttling orifice; 1003: Large lift control block return spring; 1004: Needle valve sleeve; 1005: Large lift control block; 1006: Needle valve return spring; 1007: Multi-orifice nozzle body; 1008: Alcohol inlet channel; 1009: Needle valve; 1010: Alcohol inlet orifice; 1011: Alcohol holding tank; 1012: Secondary spray orifice control ring cavity; 1013: Secondary spray orifice; 1014: Pressure chamber; 1015: Primary spray orifice; 1016: Needle valve seat; 1017: Secondary control chamber; 1018: Secondary oil inlet throttling orifice; 1019: Main control chamber; 1020: Primary oil inlet throttling orifice; 1021: Throttling control block. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Combined with appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 6To illustrate, the methanol fuel injector with variable flow area of ​​the present invention comprises an injector end cap 1, an electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2, an electromagnetic valve body 3, an injector body nut sleeve 4, a needle valve lift control assembly 5, a lift control assembly body 8, a nozzle nut sleeve 9, and a variable nozzle assembly 10. The variable nozzle assembly 10, the lift control assembly body 8, the needle valve lift control assembly 5, the electromagnetic valve body 3, and the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2 are sequentially installed from bottom to top inside the injector body nut sleeve 4 and the nozzle nut sleeve 9. The electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2 is installed inside the electromagnetic valve body 3, and the needle valve lift control assembly 5 is installed inside the lift control assembly body 8. The injector body nut sleeve 4 has a primary oil inlet 6 and a secondary oil inlet 7 on its side, which are connected to the needle valve lift control assembly 5. The needle valve lift control assembly 5 is connected to the variable nozzle assembly 10 through a methanol channel.

[0034] The electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2 includes a solenoid valve core 201, a main coil frame 202, a main electromagnetic coil 203, a main solenoid valve body 204, a control armature 205, a magnetostrictive sleeve 206, a buffer spring 207, a buffer spring limiter 208, an auxiliary coil frame 209, an auxiliary electromagnetic coil 210, an auxiliary coil body 211, a permanent magnet ring 212, a seating auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213, and a buffer collision ring 214. The main coil frame 202 is installed in the main solenoid valve body 204, and the main electromagnetic coil 203 is wound on the main coil frame 202. The lower part of the solenoid valve core 201 is embedded in the main coil frame 202. The control armature 205 and the permanent magnet ring 212 are installed below the solenoid valve core 201 and are connected and fixed by threads. The magnetostrictive sleeve 206 and the buffer collision ring 214 are both... The magnetostrictive sleeve 206 and the buffer collision ring 214 are both located inside the buffer spring limit body 208, which is fitted around the control armature 205. A buffer spring 207 is installed between them. The seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213 is installed inside the permanent magnet ring body 212. The upper end of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213 is the "N" pole and the lower end is the "S" pole. The auxiliary coil frame 209 is installed inside the auxiliary coil body 211. The auxiliary electromagnetic coil 210 is wound on the auxiliary coil frame 209. The height of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213 is equal to half the height of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 210. When the main electromagnetic coil 203 and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 210 are not energized, the lower end face of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213 is at the same level as the lower end face of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 210. The initial gap between the solenoid valve core 201 and the control armature 205, i.e., the lift of the control armature 205, is equal to the height of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213.

[0035] The needle valve lift control assembly 5 includes a control valve stem return spring 501, a control valve stem 502, an oil circuit control outer sleeve return spring 503, an oil circuit control outer sleeve 504, and a return oil chamber control ball valve 509. The upper end of the control valve stem 502 is located inside the auxiliary coil body 211. The control valve stem 502 is connected to the permanent magnet ring body 212 by threads. The control valve stem 502 is installed in the oil circuit control outer sleeve 504, which is installed inside the lift control assembly body 8. An annular groove is formed on the control valve stem 502. The control valve stem 502 and the oil circuit control outer sleeve 504 cooperate to form a primary oil circuit control annular cavity 505 and a secondary oil circuit control annular cavity 507. The height of the primary oil circuit control annular cavity 505 is greater than the height of the secondary oil circuit control annular cavity 507. The oil circuit control sleeve 504 is equipped with a primary oil circuit 506 and a secondary oil circuit 508. The primary oil circuit 506 and the secondary oil circuit 508 are connected to the primary oil circuit control ring cavity 505 and the secondary oil circuit control ring cavity 507, respectively. The primary oil circuit 506 and the primary oil inlet 6, and the secondary oil circuit 508 and the secondary oil inlet 7 are connected through the methanol channel provided in the lift control assembly body 8. The control valve stem return spring 501 is sleeved on the upper end of the control valve stem 502. The oil circuit control sleeve return spring 503 is installed between the oil circuit control sleeve 504 and the lift control assembly body 8. The control valve stem 502 and the oil circuit control sleeve 504 cooperate to form the return oil chamber 510. The lower end of the control valve stem 502 is provided with the return oil chamber control ball valve 509.

[0036] The variable nozzle assembly 10 includes a large-lift control block return spring 1003, a needle valve sleeve 1004, a large-lift control block 1005, a needle valve return spring 1006, a multi-orifice nozzle body 1007, a needle valve 1009, and a throttling control block 1021. The throttling control block 1021 is respectively provided with a primary return oil throttling orifice 1001, a secondary return oil throttling orifice 1002, a primary inlet oil throttling orifice 1020, and a secondary inlet oil throttling orifice 1018. The needle valve sleeve 1004 and the large-lift control block 1005... 05. Needle valves 1009 are all installed inside the multi-orifice nozzle body 1007. The needle valve sleeve 1004 is located at the upper end of the needle valve 1009 and inside the large-lift control block 1005. The large-lift control block return spring 1003 is installed between the large-lift control block 1005 and the throttling control block 1021. The needle valve return spring 1006 is installed between the flange of the needle valve 1009 and the lower end of the needle valve sleeve 1004. The needle valve sleeve 1004, the needle valve 1009, and the throttling control block 1021 work together to form the main control. The control chamber 1019, throttling control block 1021, needle valve sleeve 1004, large lift control block 1005, and multi-orifice nozzle body 1007 work together to form the secondary control chamber 1017. The multi-orifice nozzle body 1007 contains an alcohol inlet 1008 and a needle valve seat 1016. The needle valve 1009, under the action of the needle valve return spring 1006, forms a sealing annular surface with the needle valve seat 1016. An annular groove is formed at the lower end of the needle valve 1009. The needle valve 1009 and the multi-orifice nozzle body 1007 cooperate to form an alcohol-containing tank 1. 011. The secondary nozzle control ring cavity 1012 is connected to the pressure chamber 1014. The alcohol tank 1011 is connected to the alcohol inlet channel 1008. A cavity is opened in the needle valve 1009 and an alcohol inlet hole 1010 is provided. The alcohol inlet hole 1010 is connected to the cavity in the alcohol tank 1011 and the needle valve 1009. The lower end of the multi-hole nozzle body 1007 is provided with a primary nozzle 1015 and a secondary nozzle 1013. The primary nozzle 1015 and the secondary nozzle 1013 are respectively connected to the pressure chamber 1014 and the secondary nozzle control ring cavity 1012.

[0037] The present invention discloses a methanol fuel injector with variable flow area. This injector utilizes an electromagnetic-permanent magnet synergistic coupling electromagnetic control valve 2, a needle valve lift control component 5, and a variable nozzle assembly 10 to adjust the number of nozzle openings, achieving a flexible and variable methanol injection pattern. This also improves the operational stability and service life of the methanol fuel injector. The specific working process and principle of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] During the opening phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2, the main electromagnetic coil 203 inside the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2 is energized, and the main electromagnetic coil 203 generates... Figure 5As shown, the clockwise magnetic flux Φ1 generates an electromagnetic force in the solenoid valve core 201 to attract the control armature 205. Since the control armature 205, the permanent magnet ring 212, and the control valve stem 502 are fixed, the control valve stem 502 moves upward against the preload of the control valve stem return spring 501. The magnetostrictive sleeve 206 gradually elongates axially under the magnetic field generated by the main electromagnetic coil 203, thereby gradually compressing the buffer spring 207. This causes the flange of the permanent magnet ring 212 to be acted upon by the buffer spring 207, achieving a low-impact rebound between the top of the control armature 205 and the solenoid valve core 201. During the closing phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2, the main electromagnetic coil 203 inside the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2 is de-energized. When the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 210 is energized, it generates a counterclockwise closing magnetic flux Φ21 through the permanent magnet ring 212, the buffer spring limit body 208, and the auxiliary coil body 211. The seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213 is subjected to a downward electromagnetic force, which accelerates the downward closure of the control valve stem 502. When the descent reaches half of the stroke, the electromagnetic force on the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring 213 changes direction, which buffers the impact when the return oil chamber control ball valve 509 is seated. The auxiliary electromagnetic coil 210 generates a small amount of counterclockwise closing magnetic flux Φ22, which passes through the permanent magnet ring 212, the control armature 205, the solenoid valve core 201, the main solenoid valve body 204, the buffer spring limit body 208, and the auxiliary coil body 211 in sequence, which realizes the rapid demagnetization of the solenoid valve core 201.

[0039] In the small nozzle injection mode, a small current is supplied to the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2. The electromagnetic valve core 201 generates an attractive force to attract the control armature 205. The control armature 205, the permanent magnet ring 212, and the control valve stem 502 are fixedly connected. Therefore, the control armature 205 drives the control valve stem 502 to move upward against the preload of the control valve stem return spring 501 until the control valve stem 502 collides and contacts the oil circuit control outer sleeve 504. Then, it stops moving under the preload of the oil circuit control outer sleeve return spring 503. At this time, the primary oil circuit control ring cavity 505 and the secondary oil circuit control ring cavity 507 move upward, the secondary oil circuit 508 is disconnected, the primary oil circuit 506 remains connected, the return oil chamber control ball valve 509 at the lower end of the control valve stem 502 opens, and the main control chamber 10... High-pressure oil in chamber 1019 flows into the return oil chamber through the first-stage return oil throttle hole 1001. The oil pressure in the main control chamber 1019 drops rapidly. Under the action of high-pressure methanol in the methanol tank 1011, needle valve 1009 overcomes the preload force of needle valve return spring 1006 and moves upward until the flange of needle valve 1009 contacts the large-lift control block 1005. Due to the preload force of the large-lift control block 1005's return spring 1003 and the oil pressure in the secondary control chamber 1017, needle valve 1009 stops moving. The lower end of needle valve 1009 leaves needle valve seat 1016. Methanol in methanol tank 1011 passes through methanol inlet hole 1010, the cavity inside needle valve 1009, and pressure chamber 1014 in sequence, and is finally ejected from the first-stage spray hole 1015, realizing the ejector spraying with a small number of spray holes.

[0040] In the large-nozzle injection mode, a large current is supplied to the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve 2. The electromagnetic valve core 201 generates an attractive force to attract the control armature 205, causing the control valve rod 502 to move upward against the preload force 501 of the control valve rod return spring. After the control valve rod 502 collides and contacts the oil circuit control sleeve 504, due to the large electromagnetic attraction generated by the electromagnetic valve core 201, it continues to overcome the preload force 503 of the oil circuit control sleeve return spring, causing the oil circuit control sleeve 504 to move upward until the maximum lift is reached. At this time, as the oil circuit control sleeve 504, the primary oil circuit control ring cavity 505, and the secondary oil circuit control ring cavity 507 move upward, the return oil chamber control ball valve 509 opens, and the primary oil circuit 506 and the secondary oil circuit 507... When 8 is disconnected, the lower end face of the oil circuit control sleeve 504 is raised, and the secondary oil return throttle hole 1002 connects to the oil return chamber 510. The high-pressure oil in the main control chamber 1019 and the secondary control chamber 1017 flows into the oil return chamber 510 through the primary oil return throttle hole 1001 and the secondary oil return throttle hole 1002, respectively. The oil pressure in the main control chamber 1019 and the secondary control chamber 1017 drops rapidly. Under the action of the high-pressure methanol in the methanol tank 1011, the needle valve 1009 overcomes the preload force of the needle valve return spring 1006 and moves upward. After the flange of the needle valve 1009 contacts the large-lift control block 1005, it continues to overcome the preload force of the large-lift control block return spring 1003 and drive the large-lift control block 1005 to move upward until the needle valve 1009 reaches its maximum lift.

[0041] The lower end of the needle valve 1009 leaves the needle valve seat 1016. Methanol in the methanol tank 1011 passes through the methanol inlet 1010, the cavity inside the needle valve 1009, and the pressure chamber 1014 in sequence, and is ejected from the primary nozzle 1015. At the same time, the secondary nozzle control ring cavity 1012 moves upward and connects with the methanol tank 1011. Methanol in the methanol tank 1011 passes through the secondary nozzle control ring cavity 1012 and is ejected from the secondary nozzle 1013, thus realizing the injection of the injector with a large number of nozzles.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "middle," "outer," "inner," etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

Claims

1. A methanol fuel injector with a variable flow area, characterized in that, include: Injector end cap (1), electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2), electromagnetic valve body (3), injector body nut sleeve (4), needle valve lift control assembly (5), lift control assembly body (8), nozzle nut sleeve (9), variable nozzle assembly (10). The injector body nut sleeve (4) and nozzle nut sleeve (9) are installed from bottom to top as follows: variable nozzle assembly (10), lift control assembly body (8), needle valve lift control assembly (5), solenoid valve body (3), and electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled solenoid control valve (2). The electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled solenoid control valve (2) is installed in the solenoid valve body (3). The injector body nut sleeve (4) is provided with a first-stage oil inlet hole (6) and a second-stage oil inlet hole (7) on the side to connect to the needle valve lift control assembly (5). The variable nozzle assembly (10) includes a throttling control block (1021). Both the lift control assembly body (8) and the throttling control block (1021) are provided with methanol channels. The needle valve lift control assembly (5) is connected to the variable nozzle assembly (10) through the methanol channels. The electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2) includes: an electromagnetic valve core (201), a main coil frame (202), a main electromagnetic coil (203), a main electromagnetic valve body (204), a control armature (205), a super magnetostrictive sleeve (206), a buffer spring (207), a buffer spring limiter (208), an auxiliary coil frame (209), an auxiliary electromagnetic coil (210), an auxiliary coil body (211), a permanent magnet ring (212), a seating auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213), and a buffer collision ring (214). The main electromagnetic coil (203) is wound on the main coil frame (202), and the lower part of the electromagnetic valve core (201) is embedded in the main coil frame (202). The main coil frame (202) is installed in the main solenoid valve body (204), the control armature (205) is located below the solenoid valve core (201), the super magnetostrictive sleeve (206) and the buffer collision ring (214) are both sleeved outside the control armature (205), the super magnetostrictive sleeve (206) and the buffer collision ring (214) are both located in the buffer spring limit body (208), and the buffer spring (207) is installed between the two. The permanent magnet ring body (212) is located below the control armature (205) and is connected and fixed to the control armature (205) by threads. The seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213) is installed inside the permanent magnet ring body (212). The upper end of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213) is the "N" pole and the lower end is the "S" pole. The auxiliary electromagnetic coil (210) is wound on the auxiliary coil frame (209), and the auxiliary coil frame (209) is installed in the auxiliary coil body (211). The variable nozzle assembly (10) includes: a large lift control block return spring (1003), a needle valve sleeve (1004), a large lift control block (1005), a needle valve return spring (1006), a multi-hole nozzle body (1007), a needle valve (1009), and a throttling control block (1021). The throttling control block (1021) is respectively provided with a primary return oil throttling orifice (1001), a secondary return oil throttling orifice (1002), a primary inlet oil throttling orifice (1020), and a secondary inlet oil throttling orifice (1018). A return spring (1003) is installed between the large-lift control block (1005) and the throttling control block (1021). A needle valve sleeve (1004) is fitted over the upper end of the needle valve (1009) and located inside the large-lift control block (1005). A needle valve return spring (1006) is installed between the flange of the needle valve (1009) and the lower end of the needle valve sleeve (1004). The large-lift control block (1005) is installed inside the multi-orifice nozzle body (1007). The needle valve sleeve (1004), the needle valve (1009), and the throttling control block (1021) work together to form a complete system. The main control chamber (1019) is formed by the combination of the throttling control block (1021), the needle valve sleeve (1004), the large lift control block (1005), and the multi-orifice nozzle body (1007). The multi-orifice nozzle body (1007) is provided with an alcohol inlet channel (1008) and a needle valve seat (1016). The needle valve (1009) forms a sealing ring with the needle valve seat (1016) under the action of the needle valve return spring (1006). An annular groove is opened at the lower end of the needle valve (1009). The needle valve (1009) and the multi-orifice nozzle body (1007) form a sealing ring. The multi-hole nozzle body (1007) is fitted to form an alcohol tank (101), a secondary nozzle control ring cavity (1013), and a pressure chamber (1014). The alcohol inlet channel (1008) is connected to the alcohol tank (101). A cavity is opened in the needle valve (1009) and an alcohol inlet hole (1010) is provided. The lower end of the multi-hole nozzle body (1007) is provided with a primary nozzle (1015) and a secondary nozzle (1013). The primary nozzle (1015) and the secondary nozzle (1013) are connected to the pressure chamber (1014) and the secondary nozzle control ring cavity (1013), respectively.

2. The methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213) is equal to half the height of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil (210).

3. A methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the initial state, when the main electromagnetic coil (203) and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil (210) are not energized, the lower end face of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213) and the lower end face of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil (210) are on the same horizontal plane. The initial gap between the solenoid valve core (201) and the control armature (205), i.e. the lift of the control armature (205), is equal to the height of the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213).

4. A methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The needle valve lift control assembly (5) includes: a control valve stem return spring (501), a control valve stem (502), an oil circuit control sleeve return spring (503), an oil circuit control sleeve (504), and a return oil chamber control ball valve (509). The upper end of the control valve stem (502) is located inside the auxiliary coil body (211). The control valve stem (502) is connected to the permanent magnet ring body (212) by threads. The control valve stem return spring (501) is sleeved on the upper end of the control valve stem (502). The oil circuit control sleeve (504) is sleeved on the outside of the control valve stem (502). The oil circuit control sleeve (504) is installed inside the lift control assembly body (8). An annular groove is opened on the control valve stem (502). The control valve stem (502) and the oil circuit control sleeve (504) cooperate to form a first-stage oil circuit control annular cavity (505). The oil circuit control ring cavity (507) and the oil circuit control outer sleeve (504) are provided with a primary oil circuit (506) and a secondary oil circuit (508). The primary oil circuit (506) and the secondary oil circuit (508) are respectively connected to the primary oil circuit control ring cavity (505) and the secondary oil circuit control ring cavity (507). The lower end of the control valve stem (502) is provided with a return oil chamber control ball valve (509). The return spring (503) of the oil circuit control outer sleeve is installed between the oil circuit control outer sleeve (504) and the lift control assembly body (8). The primary oil circuit (506) and the primary oil inlet (6) and the secondary oil circuit (508) and the secondary oil inlet (7) are respectively connected through the methanol channel provided in the lift control assembly body (8). The control valve stem (502) and the oil circuit control outer sleeve (504) cooperate to form a return oil chamber (510).

5. A methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 4, characterized in that: The height of the primary oil circuit control ring cavity (505) is twice the height of the secondary oil circuit control ring cavity (507).

6. A methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the opening phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2), the main electromagnetic coil (203) inside the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2) is energized, and the electromagnetic valve core (201) generates electromagnetic force to attract the control armature (205). Since the control armature (205), the permanent magnet ring (212) and the control valve rod (502) are fixed, the control valve rod (502) moves upward against the preload of the control valve rod return spring (501). The super magnetostrictive sleeve (206) gradually elongates axially under the action of the magnetic field generated by the main electromagnetic coil (203), and then gradually compresses the buffer spring (207), so that the flange of the permanent magnet ring (212) is subjected to the action of the buffer spring (207), realizing the low impact rebound between the top of the control armature (205) and the electromagnetic valve core (201).

7. A methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the closing phase of the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2), the main electromagnetic coil (203) inside the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2) is de-energized, and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil (210) is energized, generating a counterclockwise closing magnetic flux through the permanent magnet ring (212), the buffer spring limit body (208), and the auxiliary coil body (211). The seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213) is subjected to a downward electromagnetic force, thereby accelerating the downward closing of the control valve stem (502). When the descent reaches halfway... During the lifting stroke, the electromagnetic force on the seated auxiliary permanent magnet ring (213) changes direction, thereby buffering the impact when the return oil chamber control ball valve (509) is seated; the auxiliary electromagnetic coil (210) generates a small amount of counterclockwise closed magnetic flux that passes through the permanent magnet ring body (212), control armature (205), solenoid valve core (201), main solenoid valve body (204), buffer spring limit body (208), and auxiliary coil body (211) in sequence, thereby achieving rapid demagnetization of the solenoid valve core (201).

8. A methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the small nozzle number injection mode, a small current is applied to the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2), and the electromagnetic valve core (201) generates an attraction force to attract the control armature (205), which drives the control valve rod (502) to move upward against the preload of the control valve rod return spring (501) until the control valve rod (502) collides and contacts the oil circuit control outer sleeve (504), and stops moving under the preload of the oil circuit control outer sleeve return spring (503); at this time, the return oil chamber control ball valve (509) opens, the first-stage oil circuit control ring chamber (505) and the second-stage oil circuit control ring chamber (507) move upward, the second-stage oil circuit (508) is disconnected, the first-stage oil circuit (506) is still connected, and the high-pressure oil in the main control chamber (1019) flows into the return oil chamber (510) through the first-stage return oil throttle hole (1001). The oil pressure in the control chamber (1019) drops rapidly. Under the action of high-pressure methanol in the methanol tank (101), the needle valve (1009) overcomes the preload of the needle valve return spring (1006) and moves upward until it contacts the large-lift control block (1005). Due to the preload of the large-lift control block (1005) and the oil pressure in the secondary control chamber (1017), the needle valve (1009) stops moving and completes the small-lift opening. The secondary nozzle control ring cavity (1013) is not connected to the methanol tank (101). The lower end of the needle valve (1009) leaves the needle valve seat (1016). The methanol in the methanol tank (101) passes through the methanol inlet (1010), the cavity in the needle valve (1009), and the pressure chamber (1014) in sequence, and is sprayed out from the primary nozzle (1015).

9. A methanol fuel injector with variable flow area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the large nozzle number injection mode, a large current is applied to the electromagnetic-permanent magnet co-coupled electromagnetic control valve (2), and the electromagnetic valve core (201) generates an attractive force to attract the control armature (205), which drives the control valve rod (502) to move upward against the preload of the control valve rod return spring (501). After the control valve rod (502) collides and contacts with the oil circuit control sleeve, it continues to overcome the preload of the oil circuit control sleeve return spring (503) to drive the oil circuit control sleeve (504) to move upward until the maximum lift is reached. When the return oil chamber control ball valve (509) opens, the lower end face of the oil circuit control sleeve (504) is raised, and the oil circuit control sleeve (504), the first-stage oil circuit control ring cavity (505), and the second-stage oil circuit control ring cavity (507) move upward. The first-stage oil circuit (506) and the second-stage oil circuit (508) are disconnected, and the high-pressure oil in the main control chamber (1019) and the auxiliary control chamber (1017) flows into the return oil chamber (510) through the first-stage return oil throttle hole (1001) and the second-stage return oil throttle hole (1002), respectively. The oil pressure in the main control chamber (1019) and the auxiliary control chamber (1017) drops rapidly. Under the action of high-pressure methanol in the methanol tank (101), the needle valve (1009) overcomes the preload force of the needle valve return spring (1006) and moves upward. After contacting the large-lift control block (1005), it continues to overcome the preload force of the large-lift control block return spring (1003) and drive the large-lift control block (1005) to move upward until the needle valve (1009) reaches its maximum lift. The needle valve (1009) then moves downward. The end leaves the needle valve seat (1016), and at the same time the secondary nozzle control ring cavity (1013) moves upward. The secondary nozzle control ring cavity (1013) is connected to the alcohol tank (101). One stream of methanol in the alcohol tank (101) passes through the alcohol inlet (1010), the cavity inside the needle valve (1009), and the pressure chamber (1014) in sequence, and is sprayed out from the primary nozzle (1015). Another stream of methanol in the alcohol tank (101) passes through the secondary nozzle control ring cavity (1013) and is sprayed out from the secondary nozzle (1013).

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