A method for commissioning a sculpting machine

Abstract

The application provides a debugging method of a carving and milling machine tool, comprising the following steps: processing and testing a test piece by the carving and milling machine tool, wherein the test piece comprises a test body and a test curved surface arranged on the surface of the test body; debugging the carving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the carving and milling machine tool on the test piece in the processing and testing; the processing and testing comprises at least one of the following test items: three-axis reverse mark test, sharp corner position precision test, reversing vibration test, parallel connection contour processing test, straight line to circular arc and circular arc to straight line test, and 3D tool entry mark test. Compared with the prior art, the debugging method of the carving and milling machine tool tests the test piece, judges the performance of the carving and milling machine tool based on the real processing effect, adjusts the parameters of the carving and milling machine tool according to the processing defects, makes the debugging more accurate, improves the stability of the carving and milling machine tool in the running process, and has a good test effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool testing technology, and specifically to a debugging method for a CNC engraving and milling machine. Background Technology

[0002] A CNC engraving and milling machine is a type of CNC machine tool. It uses small cutting tools, high-power, and high-speed spindle motors. While engraving machines excel at carving, they struggle with harder materials. The emergence of the CNC engraving and milling machine fills the gap between these two types of machines.

[0003] The debugging personnel of CNC engraving and milling machine tools do not understand the actual processing performance of the machine tool. The debugging personnel usually use system oscilloscopes and driver oscilloscopes for debugging. They only rely on the differences in the waveform diagrams and do not reflect them in the processing application. They cannot fully match the final processing effect, resulting in poor debugging effect. As a result, the actual processed workpieces, molds and other products have many defects and low yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and provide a debugging method for a CNC engraving and milling machine.

[0005] One embodiment of the present invention provides a debugging method for a CNC engraving and milling machine, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The test piece is processed and tested using a milling machine tool, wherein the test piece includes a test body and a test surface disposed on the surface of the test body;

[0007] Based on the processing effect of the engraving and milling machine on the test piece in the aforementioned processing test, the engraving and milling machine is adjusted;

[0008] The processing test includes at least one of the following test items:

[0009] Three-axis reverse mark test, sharp corner accuracy test, reversal vibration test, parallel joint equal height machining test, straight line to arc and arc to straight line test, 3D tool entry mark test.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, when the machining test includes the triaxial reverse mark test, the test surface includes an X test surface, a Y test surface, and a Z test surface. The X test surface, the Y test surface, and the Z test surface cooperate to form the triaxial reverse mark test area. The X test surface and the Y test surface are arranged on the side of the test body, and the Z test surface is disposed on the top of the test body. The orientations of the X test surface, the Y test surface, and the Z test surface are perpendicular to each other.

[0011] The machining steps for the triaxial reverse mark test include:

[0012] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves back and forth on the X test surface, the Y test surface and the Z test surface in a constant height machining manner, and moves back and forth on the X test surface and the Y test surface at a 45-degree angle parallel to the Z direction;

[0013] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0014] Based on the reverse marks generated when the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine reverses direction on the X test surface, the Y test surface, and the Z test surface, the friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine for the system and drive are adjusted.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, when the machining test includes the corner accuracy test, the test surface includes a first test plane and a plurality of side surfaces. The first test plane and the plurality of side surfaces cooperate to form the corner accuracy test area. The first test plane is located at the top of the test body, and the plurality of side surfaces are located on the side of the test body and are evenly arranged around the test body. The vertical cross-section of the side surfaces is arc-shaped.

[0016] The machining steps for the precision test of the sharp corner position include:

[0017] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves back and forth between the surface of the first test plane and the side curved surface in a three-axis linkage machining mode;

[0018] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0019] The first contact angle formed between the first test plane and the side curved surface is detected. It is determined whether the first contact angle becomes a rounded corner at the position traversed by the tool of the engraving and milling machine. If so, the axis filter parameters of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, the test surface further includes a spherical surface, the spherical surface, the first test plane and the plurality of side surfaces cooperate to form the sharp corner accuracy test area, the spherical surface is located on the side of the test body, the side surfaces are disposed on the spherical surface, and the horizontal cross section of the side surfaces is arc-shaped;

[0021] The machining steps for the precision test of the sharp corner also include:

[0022] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves along the side surface to the spherical surface and / or along the spherical surface to the side surface in a three-axis linkage machining mode;

[0023] The step of debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the engraving and milling machine tool on the test piece in the processing test further includes:

[0024] The second contact angle formed between the spherical surface and the side surface is detected. It is determined whether the second contact angle becomes a rounded corner at the position traversed by the tool of the engraving and milling machine. If so, the axis filter parameters of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted.

[0025] In some optional embodiments, when the processing test includes the commutation vibration test, the test surface includes an annular surface and multiple inclined planes. The annular surface and the multiple inclined planes cooperate to form the commutation vibration test area. The annular surface is arranged around the side of the test body. The multiple inclined planes are disposed on the annular surface and are evenly arranged around the test body. The multiple inclined planes have different inclinations relative to the vertical direction. The portion of the annular surface between adjacent inclined planes is arc-shaped in the horizontal cross-section. The inner diameter of the horizontal cross-section of the annular surface gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0026] The processing steps for the commutation vibration test include:

[0027] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool sequentially passes through multiple inclined planes along the annular curved surface on different horizontal planes in a constant height machining manner.

[0028] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0029] The surface finish and tool marks on the annular surface and the inclined plane are detected. Based on the surface finish and tool marks, the acceleration of the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool at the corner between the annular surface and the inclined plane is determined, and the acceleration parameters of the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool are adjusted.

[0030] In some optional embodiments, when the machining test includes the parallel joint equal height machining test, the test surface includes an interconnected spherical surface and annular surface, the spherical surface and the annular surface cooperate to form the parallel joint equal height machining test area, the spherical surface is located on the side of the test body, and the annular surface is arranged around the test body on the side of the test body, with its top edge connected to the bottom edge of the spherical surface;

[0031] The processing steps for the parallel joint equal height machining test include:

[0032] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine performs 45-degree parallel milling three-axis linkage machining and equal-height contour two-axis linkage machining on the spherical surface and the annular surface;

[0033] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0034] The connection between the spherical surface and the annular surface is checked for overshoot or overcutting. Based on the overshoot or overcutting, the current loop, speed loop, and position loop of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted.

[0035] In some optional embodiments, when the processing test includes the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-to-straight-line tests, the test surface includes an annular surface and multiple second test planes. The annular surface and the multiple second test planes cooperate to form the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-to-straight-line test area. The annular surface is arranged around the side of the test body, and the multiple second test planes are disposed on the annular surface and evenly arranged around the test body. The portion of the annular surface between adjacent second test planes is arc-shaped in the horizontal cross-section.

[0036] The processing steps for the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line tests include:

[0037] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine sequentially passes through multiple second test planes along the annular curved surface;

[0038] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0039] The acceleration of the engraving and milling machine is adjusted based on the light and dark stripes on the annular curved surface and the second test plane by the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, when the machining test includes the 3D tool mark test, the test surface includes an annular surface that forms the 3D tool mark test area. The annular surface is arranged around the side of the test body, and the horizontal cross-sectional inner diameter of the annular surface gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0041] The processing steps for the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line tests include:

[0042] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine performs an entry test on the annular curved surface;

[0043] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0044] The tool marks on the annular surface are detected, and the speed ring of the engraving and milling machine is adjusted.

[0045] In some optional embodiments, the step of debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece during the processing test further includes:

[0046] Observe whether reverse marks appear on the annular surface after the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine enters the annular surface, and adjust the friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine accordingly.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the debugging method of the engraving and milling machine tool of the present invention judges the performance of the engraving and milling machine tool based on the actual processing effect by testing and processing the test piece, and adjusts the parameters of the engraving and milling machine tool for processing defects, so that the debugging is more thorough and accurate, improves the stability of the engraving and milling machine tool during operation, and has good test results.

[0048] To provide a clearer understanding of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the debugging method of a milling and engraving machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test piece for debugging a CNC engraving and milling machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of one side of a test piece used for debugging a milling machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of a test piece used for debugging a milling machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0054] 10. Test body; 20. Test surface; 21. X test surface; 22. Y test surface; 23. Z test surface; 24. First test plane; 25. Side surface; 251. First contact angle; 252. Second contact angle; 26. Spherical surface; 27. Annular surface; 28. Inclined plane; 29. ​​Second test plane. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more, and "a number" means one or more. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features.

[0056] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0057] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] In the description of this invention, the X direction, Y direction, and elevation direction are directions parallel to the horizontal plane, and the Z direction is the height direction.

[0059] In the description of this invention, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some alternative implementations," or "some optional embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0060] The debugging method for engraving and milling machine tools of this invention is applied to the overall debugging of engraving and milling machine tools. Depending on the type of engraving and milling machine tool, these machines are typically three-axis, four-axis, or five-axis. Each engraving and milling machine tool includes at least an X-axis component, a Y-axis component, and a Z-axis component. A four-axis engraving and milling machine tool also includes a rotary axis component (fourth axis), and a five-axis engraving and milling machine tool further includes a rotary axis component (fourth axis) and a tilting rotary axis component (fifth axis). Specifically, the X-axis component enables the tool to move in the X direction, the Y-axis enables the tool to move longitudinally in the X direction, the Z-axis drives the tool to rise and fall, the rotary axis component enables the tool to rotate, and the tilting axis forms an angle of less than 90° relative to the X-axis, enabling the tool to perform interpolation in the XY plane and broadening the applicability of the machined parts.

[0061] Please see Figure 1 One embodiment of the present invention provides a debugging method for a CNC engraving and milling machine, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1: The test piece is machined and tested using a CNC engraving and milling machine. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 2 The test piece includes a test body 10 and a test surface 20 disposed on the surface of the test body 10;

[0063] S2: Based on the processing effect of the engraving and milling machine on the test piece in the processing test, the engraving and milling machine is adjusted;

[0064] The processing test includes at least one of the following test items:

[0065] Three-axis reverse mark test, sharp corner accuracy test, reversal vibration test, parallel joint equal height machining test, straight line to arc and arc to straight line test, and 3D tool entry mark test.

[0066] Please see Figure 3 In some optional embodiments, when the machining test includes the triaxial reverse mark test, the test surface 20 includes an X test surface 21, a Y test surface 22, and a Z test surface 23. The X test surface 21, the Y test surface 22, and the Z test surface 23 cooperate to form the triaxial reverse mark test area. The X test surface 21 and the Y test surface 22 are arranged on the side of the test body 10, and the Z test surface 23 is disposed on the top of the test body 10. The orientations of the X test surface 21, the Y test surface 22, and the Z test surface 23 are perpendicular to each other.

[0067] The three-axis reverse mark test is used to check whether the friction compensation parameters of the CNC engraving and milling machine are normal. The machining steps for the three-axis reverse mark test include:

[0068] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool performs back-and-forth machining on the X test surface 21, the Y test surface 22 and the Z test surface 23 in a constant height machining manner, and performs back-and-forth machining on the X test surface 21 and the Y test surface 22 at a 45-degree angle parallel to the Z direction; the X test surface 21 is parallel to the YZ surface, the Y test surface 22 is parallel to the XZ surface, and the Z test surface 23 is parallel to the XY surface.

[0069] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0070] Based on the reverse marks generated when the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool reverses direction on the X test surface 21, the Y test surface 22 and the Z test surface 23, the friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine tool for the system and drive are adjusted.

[0071] The principle behind reverse marks is that during the reverse movement of the cutting tool driven by the engraving and milling machine, a certain frictional force is generated due to the moment when the lead screw in the shaft component reverses during high-speed movement. The shaft component will pause, and then the cutting tool will move in the reverse direction. At this time, the cutting tool will generate reverse marks due to vibration and other reasons.

[0072] The friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted according to the depth and unevenness of the reverse marks, thereby eliminating the friction that occurs during the reverse process of the shaft components and preventing the appearance of reverse marks. The method of adjusting the friction compensation parameters is a technique known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here. Because the X-axis components, Y-axis components, and Z-axis components all require debugging, the X test surface 21, the Y test surface 22, and the Z test surface 23 are designed accordingly.

[0073] Please see Figure 4 In some optional embodiments, when the processing test includes the corner accuracy test, the test surface 20 includes a first test plane 24 and a plurality of side surfaces 25. The first test plane 24 and the plurality of side surfaces 25 cooperate to form the corner accuracy test area. The first test plane 24 is located at the top of the test body 10, and the plurality of side surfaces 25 are located on the side of the test body 10 and are evenly arranged around the test body 10. The vertical cross-section of the side surface 25 is arc-shaped.

[0074] The sharp corner accuracy test is used to detect the machining accuracy of a CNC engraving machine tool during three-axis linkage. The machining steps for the sharp corner accuracy test include:

[0075] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves back and forth between the surface of the first test plane 24 and the side curved surface 25 in a three-axis linkage machining mode;

[0076] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0077] The first contact angle 251 formed between the first test plane 24 and the side curved surface 25 is detected. It is determined whether the first contact angle 251 becomes a rounded corner at the position traversed by the tool of the engraving and milling machine. If so, the axis filter parameters of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted.

[0078] When a CNC engraving and milling machine is running, mechanical resonance and feedback interference can affect the response of the speed loop and position loop in the servo system. Therefore, a filter is needed to handle these issues. However, if the filter is set to filter out all tiny feature bits, the control accuracy will be reduced. Therefore, the filter needs to be set with appropriate parameters.

[0079] The first contact angle 251 is originally a sharp angle. The path of the tool from the first test plane 24 to the side curved surface 25 is a straight line turning into an arc, while the path from the side curved surface 25 to the first test plane 24 is an arc turning into a straight line. If the control precision of the engraving and milling machine is low and there are problems with the linkage of each axis, the first contact angle 251 will be machined by the tool to form a rounded corner. Then, the filter parameters are adjusted until the tool can move correctly according to the correct trajectory set by the engraving and milling machine without machining the first contact angle 251. The method of adjusting the filter parameters is a technique known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0080] In some optional embodiments, the test surface 20 further includes a spherical surface 26, the spherical surface 26, the first test plane 24 and the plurality of side surfaces 25 cooperate to form the sharp corner accuracy test area, the spherical surface 26 is located on the side of the test body 10, the side surfaces 25 are disposed on the spherical surface 26, and the horizontal cross section of the side surfaces 25 is arc-shaped;

[0081] The machining steps for the precision test of the sharp corner also include:

[0082] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves along the side surface 25 to the spherical surface 26 and / or along the spherical surface 26 to the side surface 25 in a three-axis linkage machining mode;

[0083] The step of debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the engraving and milling machine tool on the test piece in the processing test further includes:

[0084] The second contact angle 252 formed between the spherical surface 26 and the side surface 25 is detected. It is determined whether the second contact angle 252 becomes a rounded corner at the position traversed by the tool of the engraving and milling machine. If so, the axis filter parameters of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted.

[0085] The side surface 25 is a concave surface, while the spherical surface 26 is a convex surface. Similarly, if the second contact angle 252 changes from a sharp angle to a rounded corner, it indicates that the control accuracy of the engraving and milling machine is low and the filter needs to be adjusted.

[0086] In some optional embodiments, when the processing test includes the commutation vibration test, the test surface 20 includes an annular surface 27 and a plurality of inclined planes 28. The annular surface 27 and the plurality of inclined planes 28 cooperate to form the commutation vibration test area. The annular surface 27 is arranged around the side of the test body 10. The plurality of inclined planes 28 are disposed on the annular surface 27 and are evenly arranged around the test body 10. The plurality of inclined planes 28 have different inclinations relative to the vertical direction. The portion of the annular surface located between adjacent inclined planes 28 is arc-shaped in the horizontal cross section. The inner diameter of the horizontal cross section of the annular surface 27 gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0087] The processing steps for the commutation vibration test include:

[0088] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool sequentially passes through multiple inclined planes 28 along the annular curved surface 27 on different horizontal planes in a constant height machining manner.

[0089] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0090] The surface finish and tool marks on the annular surface 27 and the inclined plane 28 are detected. Based on the surface finish and tool marks, the acceleration of the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool at the corner between the annular surface 27 and the inclined plane 28 is determined, and the acceleration parameters of the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool are adjusted.

[0091] When machining around a ring-shaped surface at a constant elevation, the tool needs to change direction at the corner where the inclined plane 28 connects to the ring-shaped surface. During this change, if the acceleration and deceleration of the X-axis and Y-axis components driving the tool are incorrect, it can easily cause tool vibration, resulting in tool marks. If the surface finish varies significantly at different positions on the inclined plane 28 and the ring-shaped surface, and the tool marks are more pronounced, it indicates that the acceleration setting of the engraving and milling machine is unreasonable and needs adjustment. For example, when the tool passes through the corner where the inclined plane 28 connects to the ring-shaped surface, an appropriate acceleration should be adjusted to reduce the resultant velocity in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, thereby improving machining accuracy and avoiding vibration at the corner. The method of adjusting the acceleration of the engraving and milling machine is a well-known technique among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0092] In some optional embodiments, when the machining test includes the parallel joint equal height machining test, the test surface 20 includes an interconnected spherical surface 26 and annular surface 27, the spherical surface 26 and the annular surface 27 cooperate to form the parallel joint equal height machining test area, the spherical surface 26 is located on the side of the test body 10, and the annular surface 27 is arranged around the test body 10 on the side of the test body 10, with its top edge connected to the bottom edge of the spherical surface 26;

[0093] The processing steps for the parallel joint equal height machining test include:

[0094] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine performs 45-degree parallel milling three-axis linkage machining and equal-height contour two-axis linkage machining on the spherical surface 26 and the annular surface 27.

[0095] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0096] The connection between the spherical surface 26 and the annular surface 27 is checked for overshoot or overcutting. Based on the overshoot or overcutting, the current loop, speed loop, and position loop of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted. Furthermore, if the gain difference between the current loop, speed loop, or position loop for the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis components is too large, the gain of the current loop, speed loop, and position loop needs to be readjusted to reduce the gain difference between the various axis components. The methods for adjusting the gain of the current loop, speed loop, and position loop are techniques well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0097] In some optional embodiments, when the processing test includes the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-to-straight-line tests, the test surface 20 includes an annular surface 27 and a plurality of second test planes 29. The annular surface 27 and the plurality of second test planes 29 cooperate to form the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-to-straight-line test areas. The annular surface 27 is arranged around the side of the test body 10. The plurality of second test planes 29 are disposed on the annular surface 27 and are evenly arranged around the test body 10. The portion of the annular surface located between adjacent second test planes 29 is arc-shaped in the horizontal cross section.

[0098] The processing steps for the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line tests include:

[0099] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine passes sequentially through multiple second test planes 29 along the annular curved surface 27;

[0100] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0101] The acceleration of the engraving and milling machine is adjusted based on the light and dark stripes on the annular curved surface 27 and the second test plane 29 of the cutting tool.

[0102] The unevenness in the stripes, with varying depths at different locations, is caused by tool vibration. As the tool's machining path constantly switches between straight and circular paths, the machine tool becomes unstable, resulting in the vibration and the creation of stripes of varying depths. In this case, it is necessary to adjust the acceleration parameters of the engraving and milling machine, as well as the gains of the current loop, velocity loop, or position loop, until the stripes machined by the tool on the annular surface 27 and the second test plane 29 stabilize. The methods for adjusting the acceleration parameters and the gains of the current loop, velocity loop, and position loop are well-known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0103] In some optional embodiments, when the machining test includes the 3D tool mark test, the test surface 20 includes an annular surface 27, the annular surface 27 forms the 3D tool mark test area, the annular surface 27 is arranged around the side of the test body 10, and the horizontal cross-sectional inner diameter of the annular surface 27 gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0104] The processing steps for the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line tests include:

[0105] The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine performs an entry test on the annular curved surface;

[0106] The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include:

[0107] The tool marks on the annular surface are detected, and the speed loop of the engraving and milling machine is adjusted. If the tool marks are clearly visible to the naked eye, the gain parameter of the speed loop needs to be adjusted. Specifically, the adjustment method is to gradually increase the integral time of the speed loop without causing the engraving and milling machine to vibrate.

[0108] In some optional embodiments, the step of debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece during the processing test further includes:

[0109] Observe whether reverse marks appear on the annular surface after the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine enters the annular surface, and adjust the friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine accordingly.

[0110] During the process of the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool entering the annular curved surface, tool reversal still occurs. During the entry process, due to the influence of frictional abrupt changes and viscous friction on the mechanical structure of the shaft component, the actual feedback speed will lag behind the speed command issued by the servo system of the engraving and milling machine tool, resulting in a larger tool position error and the generation of reverse marks. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine tool to overcome the influence of frictional abrupt changes and viscous friction on the mechanical structure of the shaft component.

[0111] It should be noted that the servo system of a typical engraving and milling machine tool has a current loop, a speed loop, and a position loop. The main function of the current loop, speed loop, and position loop is to reduce errors and achieve higher, more accurate, and faster control.

[0112] The current loop is a control loop that uses a current signal as the feedback signal. The current loop is the innermost loop, and in the servo system of a CNC engraving machine, it mainly serves to improve the system's mechanical characteristics. Its feedback element is typically a current transformer.

[0113] The speed loop is a control element that uses the speed signal as feedback. Located outside the current loop, the speed loop primarily controls the rotational speed in the servo system of a CNC engraving machine. Its feedback element is typically an analog tachometer or encoder.

[0114] The position loop is a control element that uses the position signal as the feedback signal. It is located outside the speed loop and serves as the position control unit of the servo system on a CNC engraving machine. Its feedback components typically include encoders, linear encoders, inductive synchronizers, and rotary transformers.

[0115] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a test piece for debugging a milling machine tool, comprising: a test body 10;

[0116] Test body 10 and test surface 20 disposed on the surface of test body 10, wherein at least two types of test areas are formed on test surface 20:

[0117] Three-axis reverse mark test area, sharp corner accuracy test area, reversal vibration test area, parallel joint equal height machining test area, straight line to arc and arc to straight line test area, 3D tool entry mark test area.

[0118] In some optional embodiments, when the triaxial reverse mark test area is formed on the test surface 20, the test surface 20 includes an X test surface 21, a Y test surface 22, and a Z test surface 23. The X test surface 21, the Y test surface 22, and the Z test surface 23 cooperate to form the triaxial reverse mark test area. The X test surface 21 and the Y test surface 22 are arranged on the side of the test body 10, and the Z test surface 23 is disposed on the top of the test body 10. The orientations of the X test surface 21, the Y test surface 22, and the Z test surface 23 are perpendicular to each other.

[0119] The test piece used for debugging the CNC engraving and milling machine has multiple test areas, which can be used to test the machining process. The performance of the CNC engraving and milling machine is judged based on the actual machining effect of the test piece. For machining defects, the parameters of the CNC engraving and milling machine are adjusted to make the debugging more thorough and accurate, improve the stability of the CNC engraving and milling machine during operation, and achieve good test results.

[0120] Preferably, the X test surface 21 and the Y test surface 22 are located at the same horizontal height.

[0121] In some optional embodiments, when the sharp corner accuracy test area is formed on the test surface 20, the test surface 20 includes a first test plane 24 and a plurality of side surfaces 25. The first test plane 24 and the plurality of side surfaces 25 cooperate to form the sharp corner accuracy test area. The first test plane 24 is located at the top of the test body 10, and the plurality of side surfaces 25 are located on the side of the test body 10 and are evenly arranged around the test body 10. The vertical cross-section of the side surfaces 25 is arc-shaped.

[0122] In some optional embodiments, the test surface 20 further includes a spherical surface 26, the spherical surface 26, the first test plane 24 and the plurality of side surfaces 25 cooperate to form the sharp corner accuracy test area, the spherical surface 26 is located on the side of the test body 10, the side surfaces 25 are disposed on the spherical surface 26, and the horizontal cross section of the side surfaces 25 is arc-shaped.

[0123] In some optional embodiments, when the commutation vibration test area is formed on the test surface 20, the test surface 20 includes an annular surface 27 and a plurality of inclined planes 28. The annular surface 27 and the plurality of inclined planes 28 cooperate to form the commutation vibration test area. The annular surface 27 is arranged around the side of the test body 10. The plurality of inclined planes 28 are disposed on the annular surface 27 and are evenly arranged around the test body 10. The plurality of inclined planes 28 have different inclinations relative to the vertical direction. The portion of the annular surface located between adjacent inclined planes 28 is arc-shaped in the horizontal cross section. The inner diameter of the horizontal cross section of the annular surface 27 gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0124] In some optional embodiments, when the parallel joint equal-height machining test area is formed on the test surface 20, the test surface 20 includes a spherical surface 26 and an annular surface 27. The spherical surface 26 and the annular surface 27 cooperate to form the parallel joint equal-height machining test area. The spherical surface 26 is located on the side of the test body 10, and the annular surface 27 is arranged around the test body 10 on the side of the test body 10, with its top edge connected to the bottom edge of the spherical surface 26.

[0125] In some optional embodiments, when the test surface 20 forms the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-to-straight-line test areas, the test surface 20 includes an annular surface 27 and a plurality of second test planes 29. The annular surface 27 and the plurality of second test planes 29 cooperate to form the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-to-straight-line test areas. The annular surface 27 is arranged around the side of the test body 10. The plurality of second test planes 29 are disposed on the annular surface 27 and are evenly arranged around the test body 10. The portion of the annular surface located between adjacent second test planes 29 is arc-shaped in the horizontal cross-section.

[0126] In some alternative embodiments, when the 3D tool mark test area is formed on the test surface 20, the test surface 20 includes an annular surface 27, the annular surface 27 forms the 3D tool mark test area, the annular surface 27 is arranged around the side of the test body 10, and the horizontal cross-sectional inner diameter of the annular surface 27 gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0127] Because some of the surfaces in the test surface 20 can be combined to form different test areas, the size of the test piece is effectively reduced, thus lowering the cost. For example, the annular surface 27 can cooperate with the inclined plane 28 to form the reversing vibration test area, and with the spherical surface 26 to form the parallel joint equal height machining test area. It can also cooperate with the second test plane 29 to form the straight line to arc and arc to straight line test areas. Moreover, the annular surface 27 can also form the 3D tool mark test area. The spherical surface 26 can also cooperate with the first test plane 24 and multiple side surfaces 25 to form the sharp corner accuracy test area, and the annular surface 27 can cooperate to form the parallel joint equal height machining test area.

[0128] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for debugging a CNC engraving and milling machine, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The test piece is processed and tested using a milling machine tool, wherein the test piece includes a test body and a test surface disposed on the surface of the test body; Based on the processing effect of the engraving and milling machine on the test piece in the aforementioned processing test, the engraving and milling machine is adjusted; The processing test includes the following test items: Three-axis reverse mark test, sharp corner position accuracy test, reversal vibration test, parallel joint equal height machining test, straight line to arc and arc to straight line test, and 3D tool entry mark test; When the machining test includes the triaxial reverse mark test, the test surface includes an X test surface, a Y test surface, and a Z test surface. The X test surface, the Y test surface, and the Z test surface cooperate to form a triaxial reverse mark test area. The X test surface and the Y test surface are arranged on the side of the test body, and the Z test surface is arranged on the top of the test body. The orientations of the X test surface, the Y test surface, and the Z test surface are perpendicular to each other. The machining steps for the triaxial reverse mark test include: The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves back and forth on the X test surface, the Y test surface and the Z test surface in a constant height machining manner, and moves back and forth on the X test surface and the Y test surface at a 45-degree angle parallel to the Z direction; The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include: Based on the reverse marks generated when the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool changes direction on the X test surface, the Y test surface and the Z test surface, the friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine tool for the system and drive are adjusted. When the processing test includes the corner accuracy test, the test surface includes a first test plane and multiple side surfaces. The first test plane and multiple side surfaces cooperate to form a corner accuracy test area. The first test plane is located at the top of the test body, and the multiple side surfaces are located on the side of the test body and are evenly arranged around the test body. The vertical cross-section of the side surfaces is arc-shaped. The machining steps for the precision test of the sharp corner position include: The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves back and forth between the surface of the first test plane and the side curved surface in a three-axis linkage machining mode; The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include: The first contact angle formed between the first test plane and the side curved surface is detected, and it is determined whether the first contact angle becomes a rounded corner at the position traversed by the tool of the engraving and milling machine. If so, the axis filter parameters of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted. The test surface also includes a spherical surface. The spherical surface, the first test plane, and the multiple side surfaces cooperate to form the sharp corner accuracy test area. The spherical surface is located on the side of the test body. The side surfaces are disposed on the spherical surface. The horizontal cross-section of the side surfaces is arc-shaped. The machining steps for the precision test of the sharp corner also include: The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool moves along the side surface to the spherical surface and / or along the spherical surface to the side surface in a three-axis linkage machining mode; The step of debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the engraving and milling machine tool on the test piece in the processing test further includes: The second contact angle formed between the spherical surface and the side surface is detected. It is determined whether the second contact angle becomes a rounded corner at the position traversed by the tool of the engraving and milling machine. If so, the axis filter parameters of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted. When the processing test includes the commutation vibration test, the test surface includes an annular surface and multiple inclined planes. The annular surface and the multiple inclined planes cooperate to form a commutation vibration test area. The annular surface is arranged around the side of the test body. The multiple inclined planes are set on the annular surface and are evenly arranged around the test body. The multiple inclined planes have different inclinations relative to the vertical direction. The portion of the annular surface between adjacent inclined planes is arc-shaped in the horizontal section. The inner diameter of the horizontal section of the annular surface gradually decreases from bottom to top. The processing steps for the commutation vibration test include: The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool sequentially passes through multiple inclined planes along the annular curved surface on different horizontal planes in a constant height machining manner. The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include: The surface finish and tool marks on the annular surface and the inclined plane are detected. Based on the surface finish and the tool marks, the acceleration of the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool at the corner between the annular surface and the inclined plane is determined, and the acceleration parameters of the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine tool are adjusted. When the processing test includes the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line test, the test surface includes an annular surface and multiple second test planes. The annular surface and multiple second test planes cooperate to form a straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line test area. The annular surface is arranged around the side of the test body. The multiple second test planes are set on the annular surface and are evenly arranged around the test body. The portion of the annular surface between adjacent second test planes is arc-shaped in the horizontal cross section. The processing steps for the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line tests include: The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine sequentially passes through multiple second test planes along the annular curved surface; The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include: The acceleration of the engraving and milling machine is adjusted based on the light and dark stripes on the annular curved surface and the second test plane by the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine.

2. The debugging method for a milling and engraving machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the machining test includes the parallel connection equal height machining test, the test surface includes an interconnected spherical surface and annular surface. The spherical surface and the annular surface cooperate to form a parallel connection equal height machining test area. The spherical surface is located on the side of the test body, and the annular surface is arranged around the test body on the side of the test body, with its top edge connected to the bottom edge of the spherical surface. The processing steps for the parallel joint equal height machining test include: The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine performs 45-degree parallel milling three-axis linkage machining and equal-height contour two-axis linkage machining on the spherical surface and the annular surface; The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include: The connection between the spherical surface and the annular surface is checked for overshoot or overcutting. Based on the overshoot or overcutting, the current loop, speed loop, and position loop of the engraving and milling machine are adjusted.

3. The debugging method for a milling and engraving machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the machining test includes the 3D tool mark test, the test surface includes an annular surface, the annular surface forms the 3D tool mark test area, the annular surface is arranged around the test body on the side of the test body, and the inner diameter of the horizontal cross section of the annular surface gradually decreases from bottom to top. The processing steps for the straight-to-circular-arc and circular-arc-to-straight-line tests include: The cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine performs an entry test on the annular curved surface; The steps for debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the machine tool on the test piece in the processing test include: The tool marks on the annular surface are detected, and the speed ring of the engraving and milling machine is adjusted.

4. The debugging method for a milling and engraving machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of debugging the engraving and milling machine tool based on the processing effect of the engraving and milling machine tool on the test piece in the processing test further includes: Observe whether reverse marks appear on the annular surface after the cutting tool of the engraving and milling machine enters the annular surface, and adjust the friction compensation parameters of the engraving and milling machine accordingly.

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