A centering and facing mechanism for hole type workpieces with power-free simultaneous clamping

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of bridge housing positioning technology, and specifically relates to a centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes. In this mechanism, a swing arm is placed at an angle and rotatably connected to a base plate. A bearing block is rotatably connected to the upper end of the swing arm, and an air spring is installed between the bottom of the swing arm and the base plate. A hydraulic support is located on the side of the swing arm near the synchronous rotation device. The hydraulic support has a three-channel hydraulic structure inside. A pin is inserted at the upper end of the three-channel hydraulic structure, facing the upper end of the swing arm. A connecting rod is inserted in the middle of the three-channel hydraulic structure and rotatably connected to the lower end of the swing arm. A synchronous push-pull rod is inserted on the lower side of the three-channel hydraulic structure and is movably connected to the synchronous rotation device. The synchronous rotation device pushes three pins to move synchronously through the three synchronous push-pull rods. This mechanism solves the problems of poor versatility and the need for an additional power source for positioning and clamping in traditional positioning devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge housing positioning technology, and specifically relates to a centering and surface-fixing mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, tooling involving hole positioning mostly falls into two categories. The first is the positioning block type, which uses a fixed-size center positioning block for positioning. Positioning accuracy is controlled by the positioning block tolerance. When changing to a different sized workpiece (bridge housing), the matching positioning block needs to be replaced simultaneously. Furthermore, to ensure the part can be smoothly inserted, the positioning block's dimensional tolerance must be lower than the lower limit of the required hole size; gaps can lead to insufficient positioning accuracy. The second type requires an external power source. When the workpiece is loaded, the positioning block is in a retracted state; when positioning is needed, external power is used to open it, and the positioning block pushes against the workpiece hole wall to complete the positioning. Both types of tooling have the following problems:

[0003] The first type is the positioning block type. The positioning gaps result in insufficient positioning accuracy. The positioning block size is fixed. When the product is changed, a special positioning block needs to be replaced, which has adverse effects on the production, storage, maintenance, and production change of special tooling.

[0004] The second type is a fixture that requires an external power source. This method is commonly used in the industry, but it has a complex structure, high cost, and is limited by the power source, such as cost and site layout. It also requires certain skills from the operator. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of hole-type axle housings. This mechanism is highly versatile, requires no external power source, and can achieve centering and faceting operations on axle housings of different sizes by relying on the gravity of the workpiece itself, thus solving the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes includes a base plate. A synchronous rotating device and three positioning devices arranged in an equilateral triangle are mounted on the top of the base plate. The synchronous rotating device is located at the center of the three positioning devices and is movably connected to them, maintaining the three positioning devices in a coordinated manner. Each positioning device includes a swing arm and a hydraulic support. The swing arm is tilted and rotatably connected to the base plate. A bearing block is rotatably connected to the upper end of the swing arm. An air spring is installed between the bottom of the swing arm and the base plate. The hydraulic support is located on the side of the swing arm closest to the synchronous rotating device. The hydraulic support has a three-channel hydraulic structure inside. A pin is inserted at the upper end of the three-channel hydraulic structure, facing the upper end of the swing arm. A connecting rod is inserted in the middle of the three-channel hydraulic structure and rotatably connected to the lower end of the swing arm. A synchronous push-pull rod is inserted at the lower end of the three-channel hydraulic structure and movably connected to the synchronous rotating device. The synchronous rotating device maintains equal displacement of the three pins through the three synchronous push-pull rods.

[0008] Through the above technical solution, the three positioning devices can perform centering and surface positioning operations on the workpiece. The synchronous rotation device can keep the three positioning devices linked, thereby ensuring their synchronicity. This ensures that the three ejector pins extend and retract to the same length and have equal displacement, ensuring that the center point of the workpiece remains unchanged and improving the accuracy and precision of positioning and clamping. The cooperation between the air spring and the swing arm allows the three bearing blocks to continuously rotate and find balance under the weight of the workpiece, ultimately achieving surface positioning of the workpiece. The three swing arms, under the weight of the workpiece and matched with the air spring, drive the connecting rod to move during downward pressing. The connecting rod drives the fluid flow in the three-channel hydraulic structure, thereby pushing the ejector pins and synchronous push-pull rods to move. The three synchronous push-pull rods and the synchronous rotation device drive the three ejector pins to move synchronously, achieving positioning and clamping of the workpiece hole wall. This method is highly accurate and versatile. The entire positioning and surface positioning process does not require an additional power source, relying solely on the weight of the workpiece. It is convenient, quick, and low-cost to operate.

[0009] Optionally, the synchronous rotation device includes a base, a central shaft, and a triangular seat. The base is located at the center of the three positioning devices. The central shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the base. The triangular seat is rotatably connected to the upper end of the central shaft. The three corners of the triangular seat are movably connected to the three synchronous push-pull rods through connecting pieces.

[0010] Through the above technical solution, the triangular seat achieves linkage of the three synchronous push-pull rods through rotation and the cooperation of the connecting piece, so that the three synchronous push-pull rods maintain the synchronicity of movement.

[0011] Optionally, the bottom of the hydraulic support is U-shaped, and the hydraulic support has a three-channel hydraulic structure inside. The three-channel hydraulic structure includes an upper channel, a middle channel, and a lower channel. The upper channel and the lower channel are arranged parallel to each other vertically and spaced apart. The middle channel is arranged vertically and located between the upper channel and the lower channel. The connecting rod is inserted in the middle channel. The pin is horizontally inserted at one end of the upper channel. The other end of the upper channel is connected to the upper end of the middle channel. The synchronous push-pull rod is horizontally inserted at one end of the lower channel. The other end of the lower channel is connected to the lower side of the middle channel.

[0012] With the above technical solution, the bottom of the hydraulic support is U-shaped, providing space for the rotational connection between the swing arm and the connecting rod. In the three-channel hydraulic structure, the connecting rod moves in the middle channel, realizing the flow of liquid between the upper and lower channels, thereby synchronously pushing the movement of the ejector pin and the synchronous push-pull rod. In conjunction with the synchronous rotation device, the synchronous movement of the three ejector pins is realized, thereby accurately centering and clamping the workpiece.

[0013] Optionally, the three corners of the triangular seat are vertically inserted with shaft pins A, the end of the synchronous push-pull rod is inserted with shaft pin B, and the connecting piece is movably connected between shaft pin B and shaft pin A. One end of the connecting piece is movably sleeved on the upper end of shaft pin A, and the other end of the connecting piece is movably sleeved on the lower end of shaft pin B.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, the cooperation between pin A, pin B and connecting piece improves the flexibility and stability of the transmission cooperation between the triangular seat and the synchronous push-pull rod.

[0015] Optionally, a push plate B is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, and a guide cylinder is sleeved and fixed to the outer side of the connecting rod. The outer diameter of the guide cylinder matches the size of the intermediate channel. The lower end of the connecting rod extends outside the intermediate channel, and a connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod, with the connecting cylinder located outside the intermediate channel. The lower end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to the connecting cylinder via a rotating pin.

[0016] Through the above technical solutions, push plate B and guide cylinder can improve the stability of the linkage's up and down movement, and can also reserve space to facilitate the flow of liquid. The connecting cylinder can improve the flexibility, firmness and stability of the connection between the linkage and the swing arm.

[0017] Optionally, the top of the bearing block is provided with a groove A, a lower pad is installed in the groove A, the top of the lower pad is provided with a plurality of conical holes, the bottom of the lower pad is provided with a gate-shaped groove, the top of the bearing block is detachably connected to an upper pad by screws, a plurality of parallel and spaced rollers are placed between the upper pad and the lower pad, and the upper pad is provided with a plurality of grooves B corresponding one-to-one with the rollers.

[0018] Through the above technical solutions, groove A facilitates the use of compressed air to flush away dust, iron filings, and other debris that enters during operation, making cleaning easier and extending the service life of the bearing block. Groove B allows for the scraping of dirt on the rollers using its edges, ensuring the rollers' lifespan. The tapered hole allows for gas concentration, achieving higher flow rates and better cleaning results. The rollers transform the contact friction between the workpiece and the bearing block from sliding friction to rolling friction, reducing workpiece jamming during positioning and resulting in smoother movement.

[0019] Optionally, one end of the ejector pin is equipped with a ball bearing, and the other end of the ejector pin is fixedly connected to a push plate A. The push plate A is located inside the upper channel, and the size of the push plate A matches the size of the upper channel.

[0020] Through the above technical solutions, the ball bearings can prevent jamming when the workpiece is loaded or unloaded and can prevent the workpiece from being scratched. The push plate A can improve the stability of the ejector pin during movement.

[0021] Optionally, the positioning device further includes a swing arm bracket, which is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, and the top of the swing arm bracket is rotatably connected to the side of the swing arm via a rotating pin.

[0022] The above technical solutions can improve the stability and firmness of the swing arm installation.

[0023] Optionally, the air spring is placed at an angle, with its upper end hinged to the bottom of the swing arm and its lower end hinged to the top of the swing arm bracket.

[0024] Through the above technical solutions, air springs can effectively prevent overload of the swing arm when the tooling is loaded, and can also make the swing arm rebound process smoother when the tooling is unloaded.

[0025] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] The centering and plane-fixing mechanism in this invention is simple to operate, low in cost, reliable in structure, and accurate in positioning. It relies on the gravity of the axle housing itself to provide power for centering and plane-fixing operations, solving the problem of the axle housing being out of center or skewed when placed in a fixture, and eliminating the need for manual leveling and centering. When the axle housing is initially skewed in the fixture, this mechanism converts the gravity of the axle housing into a horizontal thrust, adjusting the axle housing's posture and ultimately achieving clamping and positioning. During the axle housing machining process, it provides a complete solution for various fixture positioning requirements, applicable to the machining of axle housings with holes of various sizes, reducing the difficulty of fixture manufacturing in the manufacturing industry, reducing energy consumption, lowering labor intensity, and conforming to the trend of low-carbon and green manufacturing.

[0027] This invention utilizes a swing arm to receive the weight of the axle housing. The three-channel hydraulic structure within the hydraulic support allows the power generated by the fluid to drive the ejector pin outwards, thereby positioning and tightening the inner wall of the axle housing's bore. When the axle housing is being lowered, the elastic potential energy stored in the air spring is converted into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy, then transmitted through the fluid in the hydraulic support, resets all components of the mechanism, facilitating centering and surface positioning of the next axle housing.

[0028] The synchronous rotation device can control the extension length of the ejector pins, ensuring that the extension length of the three ejector pins is consistent and avoiding misalignment of the axle housing. It can use the gravity of the axle housing itself as a power source, and transmit the gravity to the hydraulic support through the swing arm, thereby achieving the axle housing self-centering and clamping function without power input.

[0029] Ball bearings are designed at the top of the ejector pin, and rollers are designed on the support blocks to prevent jamming and scratches during the movement of the axle housing. Three support blocks ensure accurate positioning of the axle housing bore surfaces. An air spring prevents overload of the swing arm during axle housing assembly and ensures swing arm reset after axle housing assembly is removed. The ejector pin structure is designed to extend and retract, offering strong compatibility and adaptability to the production of various types and sizes of products requiring bore positioning, as well as for use in welding, machining, and other processing methods. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the entire mechanism in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 2This is a top view of the entire mechanism in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the entire mechanism and its fit with the bridge housing in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural changes of the entire mechanism during the installation of the bridge housing in the embodiment.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural changes of the entire mechanism during the lowering process of the bridge housing in the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the positioning device in the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the synchronous rotation device in the embodiment.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Base plate; 2. Swing arm bracket; 3. Swing arm; 4. Bearing block; 5. Hydraulic support; 6. Upper channel; 7. Middle channel; 8. Lower channel; 9. Ejector pin; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Synchronous push-pull rod; 12. Ball bearing; 13. Push plate A; 14. Push plate B; 15. Guide cylinder; 16. Connecting cylinder; 17. Air spring; 18. Groove A; 19. Groove B; 20. Upper pressure plate; 21. Lower pad plate; 22. Portal groove; 23. Tapered hole; 24. Roller; 25. Base; 26. Central shaft; 27. Triangular seat; 28. Connecting piece; 29. ​​Shaft pin A; 30. Shaft pin B. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] This application discloses a centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes.

[0041] Example

[0042] according to Figures 1 to 7As shown, a centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes includes a base plate 1, three positioning devices and a synchronous rotating device. The three positioning devices are distributed in an equilateral triangle, and the synchronous rotating device is located at the center of the three positioning devices. The three positioning devices are movably connected to the synchronous rotating device respectively. The three positioning devices are located on the same horizontal plane and are used to center and face the workpiece. The synchronous rotating device is used to ensure the synchronicity of the actions of the three positioning devices.

[0043] The positioning device includes a swing arm bracket 2, a swing arm 3, a bearing block 4, and a hydraulic support 5. The swing arm bracket 2 and the hydraulic support 5 are fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 1.

[0044] The bottom of the hydraulic support 5 is U-shaped. The hydraulic support 5 has a three-channel hydraulic structure inside, which includes an upper channel 6, a middle channel 7 and a lower channel 8. The upper channel 6 and the lower channel 8 are arranged parallel to each other vertically. The middle channel 7 is arranged vertically and is located between the upper channel 6 and the lower channel 8. One end of the upper channel 6 is horizontally inserted with a pin 9, and the other end of the upper channel 6 is connected to the upper end of the middle channel 7. One end of the lower channel 8 is horizontally inserted with a synchronous push-pull rod 11, and the other end of the lower channel 8 is connected to the lower side of the middle channel 7.

[0045] One end of the ejector pin 9 is equipped with a ball bearing 12, and the other end of the ejector pin 9 is fixedly connected to a push plate A13. The push plate A13 is located inside the upper channel 6, and the size of the push plate A13 matches the size of the upper channel 6.

[0046] A connecting rod 10 is inserted in the intermediate channel 7. A push plate B14 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting rod 10. A guide cylinder 15 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the connecting rod 10. The outer diameter of the guide cylinder 15 matches the size of the intermediate channel 7. The lower end of the connecting rod 10 extends out of the intermediate channel 7. A connecting cylinder 16 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 10. The connecting cylinder 16 is located outside the intermediate channel 7.

[0047] The top of the swing arm bracket 2 is rotatably connected to the side of the swing arm 3 via a rotating pin. The upper end of the swing arm 3 is rotatably connected to the bearing block 4 via a rotating pin, and the lower end of the swing arm 3 is rotatably connected to the connecting cylinder 16 via a rotating pin. An air spring 17 is movably connected to the bottom of the swing arm 3. The air spring 17 is placed at an angle, tilted towards the direction of the synchronous rotation device. The upper end of the air spring 17 is hinged to the bottom of the swing arm 3, and the lower end of the air spring 17 is hinged to the top of the swing arm bracket 2.

[0048] The top of the bearing block 4 has a groove A18, in which a lower pad 21 is installed. The bottom of the lower pad 21 has a gate-shaped groove 22, and the top of the lower pad 21 has several tapered holes 23. The top of the bearing block 4 is detachably connected to an upper pressure plate 20 by screws. Several parallel and spaced rollers 24 are placed between the upper pressure plate 20 and the lower pad 21. The upper pressure plate 20 has several grooves B19 that correspond to the rollers 24 one by one.

[0049] The synchronous rotation device includes a base 25, a central shaft 26, a triangular seat 27, a synchronous push-pull rod 11, and a connecting piece 28. The base 25 is located at the center of the three positioning devices. The central shaft 26 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 25. The upper end of the central shaft 26 is rotatably connected to the triangular seat 27. Axle pins A29 are vertically inserted into the three corners of the triangular seat 27. One end of the synchronous push-pull rod 11 is inserted into the lower channel 8, and the other end is inserted into axle pin B30. A connecting piece 28 is movably connected between axle pin B30 and axle pin A29. One end of the connecting piece 28 is movably sleeved on the upper end of axle pin A29, and the other end is movably sleeved on the lower end of axle pin B30. The initial state of the connecting piece 28 is tangent to the distribution circle of the three holes of the triangular seat 27 (the circle containing the three corners of the triangular seat 27).

[0050] The swing arm 3 transmits the workpiece's own weight to the ejector pin 9 via the connecting rod 10 and the three-channel hydraulic structure inside the hydraulic support 5, causing the ejector pin 9 to extend outward and contact the workpiece surface for clamping. The hydraulic support 5 has a three-channel hydraulic structure. The upper channel 6 outputs power to the ejector pin 9, and the extension and retraction of the ejector pin 9 completes the workpiece positioning and clamping. The middle channel 7 is a transfer channel, receiving the power transmitted from the connecting rod 10 and transmitting it to the upper channel 6 and the lower channel 8. The lower channel 8 can pull the connecting piece 28 outward via the synchronous push-pull rod 11. The connecting piece 28 drives the triangular seat 27 to rotate, ensuring that the extension length of the three ejector pins 9 is consistent and avoiding positioning misalignment. The three-channel hydraulic structure design enables this invention to efficiently transmit power, respond quickly, be highly sensitive, and operate smoothly and reliably. It also achieves integrated positioning and clamping, effectively reducing tooling costs, simplifying the tooling structure, and enabling workpiece positioning and clamping without power input.

[0051] The ejector pin 9 features a ball bearing structure 12 at its top, preventing jamming during workpiece loading and unloading and protecting the workpiece from scratches. An air spring 17 below the swing arm 3 effectively prevents overload of the swing arm 3 during tooling loading and ensures a smoother rebound when the tooling is unloaded. A roller structure 24 on the support block 4 transforms the friction between the workpiece and the support block 4 from sliding friction to rolling friction, reducing workpiece jamming during positioning and resulting in smoother movement. A groove A18 on the support block 4 facilitates the use of compressed air to flush away dust, metal shavings, and other debris that enters during operation, promoting cleaning and extending the support block's lifespan. Multiple tapered holes 23 on the lower pad 21 allow for gas concentration, achieving higher flow rates and better cleaning. A groove B19, machined directly from the upper pressure plate 20 using a ball end mill, fits snugly against the roller 24, allowing the edges of the groove B19 to scrape away dirt from the roller 24 and extend its lifespan.

[0052] The bearing block 4 is connected to the swing arm 3 via a rotating pin. The swing angles of the three swing arms 3 are consistent through the adjustment of the hydraulic support 5, ultimately placing the three bearing blocks 4 on the same horizontal plane to complete the positioning of the workpiece hole surface. When the workpiece is loaded, the synchronous push-pull rod 11 (the side where the workpiece first contacts) is pulled by the tension transmitted by the fluid movement in the hydraulic support 5, which pulls the connecting piece 28. The connecting piece 28 pulls the triangular seat 27 to rotate, which in turn drives the other two connecting pieces 28 to rotate. The other two connecting pieces 28 push the synchronous push-pull rod 11. The synchronous push-pull rod 11 transmits power to the ejector pin 9 through the three-channel hydraulic structure in the hydraulic support 5, causing it to extend outward. The connecting piece 28 moves tangentially along the circumcircle of the triangle, thus experiencing minimal force, ultimately ensuring that the three ejector pins 9 extend to the same length, preventing workpiece positioning eccentricity.

[0053] When the workpiece is loaded, the air spring 17 receives the gravity transmitted by the swing arm 3 and converts it into elastic potential energy for storage. When the workpiece is unloaded, the air spring 17 releases the stored elastic potential energy into kinetic energy. The released kinetic energy pushes the swing arm 3 upward, restoring it to its ready state. The upward push of the swing arm 3 simultaneously pulls the connecting rod 10 downward. This downward pull causes the liquid inside the three passages to move, transmitting power. The upper passage 6 pulls the ejector pins 9 backward, and the lower passage 8 pushes the synchronous push-pull rod 11 outward, ultimately resetting the three ejector pins 9. Compared to traditional springs, the air spring 17 has advantages such as light weight, small size, long lifespan, and high shock absorption performance.

[0054] Working principle:

[0055] Upper part: When centering and aligning the axle housing, use a lifting device to hoist the axle housing above the entire mechanism, with the large flange hole facing downwards. The axle housing gradually descends until it contacts the upper pressure plate 20 of the bearing block 4. The large flange hole surface of the axle housing contacts the roller 24. The roller 24 effectively prevents jamming during the positioning process of the axle housing. The three bearing blocks 4 ensure that the large flange hole surfaces of the axle housing are at the same horizontal position, thus completing the surface positioning of the axle housing. After the axle housing is placed on the bearing block 4, the swing arm 3 is pressed downwards by the weight of the axle housing itself. During the downward pressing process, the air spring 17 is compressed, storing a portion of elastic potential energy. As the swing arm 3 moves downwards, it drives the connecting rod 10 upwards. The connecting rod 10 moves upwards along the middle channel 7. During the movement of the connecting rod 10, the fluid in the three-channel hydraulic structure flows. The fluid flows along the upper channel 6 and the lower channel 8. The fluid flow drives the ejector pin 9 and the synchronous push rod to move synchronously towards the bearing block 4. The ejector pin 9 moves... During the process, the pins 9 contact and tighten with the inner wall of the axle housing hole. As the synchronous push rod moves, it drives the triangular seat 27 to rotate synchronously through the connecting piece 28. As the triangular seat 27 rotates, the three synchronous push rods move in sync. The linkage of the three synchronous push rods ensures that the three ejector pins 9 move the same distance, that is, the three ejector pins 9 can contact the wall of the large flange hole of the axle housing synchronously and move the axle housing towards the center of the large flange hole. Finally, all three ejector pins 9 contact the hole wall of the axle housing, completing the tightening and positioning of the large flange hole of the axle housing, improving the stability and accuracy of the axle housing centering.

[0056] Unloading: When the axle housing is unloaded, it is moved upward. The large flange hole wall of the axle housing is squeezed by the ejector pin 9. The ball bearing 12 at the end of the ejector pin 9 can effectively prevent the axle housing from jamming when it is detached from the mechanism. The air spring 17 converts the elastic potential energy stored in the axle housing during the unloading process into kinetic energy. During the reset process, the air spring 17 drives the swing arm 3 to move upward. During the upward movement, the swing arm 3 gradually returns to its initial state. During the upward movement, the swing arm 3 will simultaneously drive the connecting rod 10 to move downward. During the downward movement, the connecting rod 10 will drive the liquid in the three-channel hydraulic structure to flow in the opposite direction. The liquid transmits power during the flow, driving the ejector pin 9 and the synchronous push-pull rod 11 to move away from the bearing block 4. Finally, the three ejector pins 9 and the three synchronous push-pull rods 11 are reset, completing the unloading of the axle housing after centering and surface positioning.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two elements; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes, characterized in that, Includes a base plate, on the top of which is mounted a synchronous rotation device and three positioning devices arranged in an equilateral triangle. The synchronous rotation device is located at the center of the three positioning devices and is movably connected to the positioning devices. The synchronous rotation device is used to keep the three positioning devices linked together. The positioning device includes a swing arm and a hydraulic support. The swing arm is tilted and rotatably connected to the base plate. A bearing block is rotatably connected to the upper end of the swing arm. An air spring is installed between the bottom of the swing arm and the base plate. The hydraulic support is located on the side of the swing arm closer to the synchronous rotation device. The hydraulic support has a three-channel hydraulic structure inside. A pin is inserted at the upper end of the three-channel hydraulic structure, facing the upper end of the swing arm. A connecting rod is inserted in the middle of the three-channel hydraulic structure, and the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the lower end of the swing arm. A synchronous push-pull rod is inserted at the lower end of the three-channel hydraulic structure. The synchronous push-pull rod is movably connected to the synchronous rotation device. The synchronous rotation device maintains equal displacement of the three pins through the three synchronous push-pull rods.

2. The centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous rotation device includes a base, a central shaft, and a triangular seat. The base is located at the center of the three positioning devices. The central shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the base. The triangular seat is rotatably connected to the upper end of the central shaft. The three corners of the triangular seat are movably connected to the three synchronous push-pull rods through connecting pieces.

3. The centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the hydraulic support is U-shaped. The three-channel hydraulic structure includes an upper channel, a middle channel, and a lower channel. The upper channel and the lower channel are arranged parallel to each other vertically and spaced apart. The middle channel is arranged vertically and located between the upper channel and the lower channel. The connecting rod is inserted in the middle channel. The pin is horizontally inserted at one end of the upper channel. The other end of the upper channel is connected to the upper end of the middle channel. The synchronous push-pull rod is horizontally inserted at one end of the lower channel. The other end of the lower channel is connected to the lower side of the middle channel.

4. A centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The three corners of the triangular seat are vertically inserted with shaft pins A, and the end of the synchronous push-pull rod is inserted with shaft pin B. The connecting piece is movably connected between shaft pin B and shaft pin A. One end of the connecting piece is movably sleeved on the upper end of shaft pin A, and the other end of the connecting piece is movably sleeved on the lower end of shaft pin B.

5. A centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 3, characterized in that, A push plate B is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting rod. A guide cylinder is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the connecting rod. The outer diameter of the guide cylinder matches the size of the intermediate channel. The lower end of the connecting rod extends out of the intermediate channel. A connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting rod. The connecting cylinder is located outside the intermediate channel. The lower end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to the connecting cylinder through a rotating pin.

6. The centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the bearing block has a groove A, and a lower pad is installed in the groove A. The top of the lower pad has several conical holes, and the bottom of the lower pad has a gate-shaped groove. The top of the bearing block is detachably connected to an upper pad by screws. Several parallel and spaced rollers are placed between the upper pad and the lower pad. The upper pad has several grooves B that correspond one-to-one with the rollers.

7. A centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the ejector pin is equipped with a ball bearing, and the other end of the ejector pin is fixedly connected to a push plate A. The push plate A is located inside the upper channel, and the size of the push plate A matches the size of the upper channel.

8. A centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning device also includes a swing arm bracket, which is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, and the top of the swing arm bracket is rotatably connected to the side of the swing arm via a rotating pin.

9. A centering and faceting mechanism for non-powered synchronous clamping of holes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The air spring is placed at an angle, with its upper end hinged to the bottom of the swing arm and its lower end hinged to the top of the swing arm bracket.

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