Deep underground space shaft excavation equipment and cast-in-place construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a deep underground space shaft excavation equipment and a cast-in-situ construction method thereof, which comprises a working layer, a power layer and a cast-in-situ formwork layer, the working layer comprises a rotatingly matched outer ring and an inner ring, the outer ring is fixed on the shaft surrounding rock through a hydraulic support shoe, and the inner ring is fixed with an excavation equipment, the power layer comprises an equipment placing platform, the cast-in-situ formwork layer comprises a plurality of side formworks, a ring-shaped bottom formwork and a formwork supporting operation platform, the ring-shaped bottom formwork is coaxially arranged on the formwork supporting operation platform, and a periphery thereof is sealed through a sealing air bag between the ring-shaped bottom formwork and the shaft surrounding rock, the side formworks are vertically supported on the formwork supporting operation platform, and the bottom of the side formworks is hingedly connected to the inner side end of the ring-shaped bottom formwork, all the side formworks are assembled into a ring-shaped whole on the formwork supporting operation platform, a stripping oil cylinder is arranged between the back surface of each side formwork and the formwork supporting operation platform, and a pouring window is arranged on the side formwork. The application solves the problems of high safety risk and low automation degree of the existing shaft excavation technology and equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft excavation technology, and in particular to a deep underground space shaft excavation equipment and its cast-in-place construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing shaft excavation technology and equipment suffer from various shortcomings, including poor adaptability to rock formations, high safety risks, high construction costs, and complex construction techniques. For example: 1. High construction risks: When workers are drilling, loading explosives, and detonating at the excavation face for the next cycle, debris from exposed surrounding rock or slag around the shaft opening can easily fall and injure them. 2. Difficult construction of the shaft's surrounding rock support layer: Currently, the support layer is generally constructed using segment assembly. There are two existing methods for segment assembly: one is to complete the shaft first and then assemble the segments, which greatly delays the construction progress; the other is to assemble the segments while excavating the shaft. This method often uses methods such as fabricating shaft walls or lowering shaft walls using a gantry crane for support. Assembling segments through extensive support work results in high labor intensity and low efficiency for construction workers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment and its cast-in-place construction method, so as to solve the problems of poor rock strata adaptability, high safety risks and low degree of automation of existing vertical shaft excavation technology and equipment.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a deep underground space vertical shaft excavation device, comprising a working layer, a power layer, and a cast-in-place formwork layer arranged from bottom to top. The working layer includes an outer ring and an inner ring coaxially arranged with the vertical shaft. The outer ring has a plurality of hydraulic support shoes evenly distributed circumferentially, and the outer ring is fixed to the surrounding rock of the vertical shaft by the cooperation of these hydraulic support shoes. The inner ring is located inside the outer ring and is rotatably engaged with the outer ring. Its characteristic feature is: The working layer also includes excavation equipment fixed on the inner ring and a muck removal winch set outside the shaft. The muck removal hopper is hoisted inside the shaft by the muck removal winch. The excavation equipment includes a crusher and a muck removal excavator. The power layer includes an equipment placement platform and several intermediate main trusses arranged circumferentially. The intermediate main trusses are horizontally erected, with one end of each intermediate main truss converging at the center of the shaft and fixed together, and the other end fixed to the surrounding rock of the shaft by hydraulic support shoes. The equipment placement platform is a ring platform, which is erected on the bottom crossbeam of each intermediate main truss. Several crawling cylinders are arranged circumferentially between the power layer and the working layer. The cast-in-place formwork layer includes several side formworks, annular bottom formworks, and a formwork support platform erected on the top crossbeams of each intermediate main truss. The formwork support platform is annular. The outer diameter of the annular bottom formwork is smaller than the diameter of the shaft opening, specifically 5-10cm smaller, to accommodate the uneven initial spraying surface of the shaft surrounding rock. The annular bottom formwork is coaxially set on the formwork support platform, and its outer ring is sealed to the shaft surrounding rock by edge sealing airbags. The side formworks are vertically supported on the formwork support platform, and their bottoms are hinged to the inner ends of the annular bottom formworks. All side formworks are assembled into a ring on the formwork support platform. Each side formwork has a demolding cylinder between its back and the formwork support platform. The two ends of the demolding cylinder are respectively hinged to the upper end of the side formwork and the inner end of the formwork support platform. The top of the side wall of the side formwork also has a pouring window. The cast-in-place formwork layer is equipped with a feeding winch, which is fixed above the shaft and has a concrete conveying hopper suspended on it.

[0005] In the above scheme: the outer ring is equipped with a drive motor for driving the inner ring to rotate circumferentially. The excavation equipment can adjust its working position according to actual requirements. That is, the inner ring rotation adjustment can provide the excavation equipment with a 360° working face.

[0006] In the above scheme, the excavation equipment also includes anchor drilling rigs, dust suppression spraying systems, and initial support shotcrete equipment, integrating various construction equipment to facilitate excavation construction and achieving a high degree of automation.

[0007] In the above scheme: a first arc-shaped platform is erected between two adjacent middle-level main trusses. The first arc-shaped platform is arranged on the outside. All the first arc-shaped platforms are spliced ​​together to form an equipment placement platform. The equipment placement platform is used to place electrical distribution cabinets, hydraulic pump stations, air compressors, water tanks and water filters, etc.

[0008] In the above scheme: the working layer also includes multiple sets of lower main trusses set above the inner ring. One end of each lower main truss is fixed to the outer ring, and the other end converges at the center of the outer ring and is fixed together. A second arc-shaped platform is erected between two adjacent lower main trusses. The second arc-shaped platform is set on the outside. All the second arc-shaped platforms are spliced ​​together to form a ring-shaped bottom maintenance platform, which facilitates the maintenance of the bottom equipment.

[0009] In the above scheme: an auxiliary support cylinder is installed downwards at the bottom of the outer ring of the working layer via a mounting bracket. During shaft excavation, the auxiliary support cylinder is in a retracted state. During lining or maintenance, the auxiliary support cylinder should extend to provide support. Furthermore, when one ring is completed and the next ring needs to be constructed, the auxiliary support cylinder should also extend to support the bottom of the shaft, facilitating the retraction of the hydraulic support shoes of the working layer to adjust the overall position of the working layer.

[0010] In the above scheme: each side formwork is also equipped with two immersion vibrators and two telescopic electric screw mechanisms. The side formwork has through holes for the immersion vibrators to pass through. The electric screw mechanisms are supported between the back of the side formwork and the formwork support platform. The immersion vibrators are used to vibrate the concrete, and the electric screw mechanisms play a supporting and reinforcing role. The two ends of the electric screw mechanisms are also hinged to the corresponding side formwork and formwork support platform.

[0011] In the above scheme: each side template is provided with a demolding slant, and the support surface of the annular bottom template is provided with a certain slope from the inside to the outside, which facilitates demolding and makes it easier to clean up the laitance generated by vibration when pouring the next mold.

[0012] This invention also proposes a cast-in-place construction method for excavating and constructing deep underground space shafts. Based on the aforementioned deep underground space shaft excavation equipment, the construction method includes the following steps: S1. After the construction of the shaft lock section is completed, the deep underground space shaft excavation equipment will be fixed, installed, debugged and started in the lock section; S2. Shaft excavation: First, crushing is carried out by a crusher. After the excavation is completed, the slag is loaded into the slag hopper by a slag removal excavator. The slag hopper is lifted to the outside of the shaft by a slag removal winch for circulation and slag removal. After the slag removal is completed, the initial support and reinforcement work is carried out by an anchor drilling rig and initial support shotcrete equipment. S3. Support layer pouring: First, concrete slurry is delivered into the shaft through a feeding winch, and then concrete is poured into the space enclosed by the annular bottom formwork, side formwork and surrounding rock of the shaft through the pouring window to form a concrete support layer. After the concrete support layer is formed, the side formwork is flipped and demolded by the demolding cylinder. When the deep underground space shaft excavation equipment steps to the next ring position, the side formwork is reset by the demolding cylinder. S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 along the direction of shaft excavation to complete the next ring of construction until the shaft construction is completed.

[0013] In the above scheme: In step S2, a dust suppression spray system is used to reduce dust during excavation.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The entire equipment consists of three layers: the working layer, the power layer, and the cast-in-place formwork layer. The lower layer is the working layer, with support shoes on the outer ring for support. The inner ring of the working layer integrates various excavation and construction equipment. At the bottom, a muck-removing excavator, a muck-removing hopper, and a muck-removing winch are used in conjunction for circulating muck removal. The middle layer is the power layer, used to install or place various power equipment. The power layer is fixed to the rock wall after initial support by several hydraulic support shoes. The power layer and the working layer are connected by multiple sets of crawling cylinders. The upper layer is the cast-in-place formwork layer, on which the vertical shaft surrounding rock support layer can be poured on site.

[0015] In summary: 1. This invention uses the top-discharge method for slag removal, with an operating depth of up to 1500 meters; 2. By changing the diameter, it can achieve deep well construction with a diameter of 5 to 25 meters; 3. It uses mechanical rock breaking (non-blasting construction), ensuring high safety; 4. It uses a highly integrated intelligent vertical shaft tunneling machine for construction, realizing parallel operations of excavation, slag removal, shotcrete, and support, with a high degree of automation, high construction efficiency, and strong adaptability to rock formations; 5. It introduces the TBM method, enabling automatic walking; 6. It implements unmanned construction at the working face, maximizing personnel safety. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working layer structure.

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Top view.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power layer structure.

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Top view.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cast-in-place formwork layer.

[0023] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Top view. Detailed Implementation

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 8, a deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment mainly consists of a working layer A, a power layer B, and a cast-in-place formwork layer C arranged from bottom to top.

[0025] The working layer A includes an outer ring 1 and an inner ring 2 that are coaxially arranged with the shaft. The outer ring 1 has several hydraulic support shoes 3 evenly distributed around it. The outer ring 1 is fixed to the surrounding rock of the shaft by the cooperation of each hydraulic support shoe 3. The inner ring 2 is located inside the outer ring 1 and is rotatably connected with the outer ring 1.

[0026] The working layer A also includes excavation equipment fixed on the inner ring 2 and a slag removal winch 4 set outside the shaft. Inside the shaft, a slag removal hopper 5 is hoisted by the slag removal winch 4. The excavation equipment includes a crusher 6 and a slag removal excavator 7.

[0027] The power layer B includes an equipment placement platform 8 and several circumferentially arranged intermediate main trusses 9. The intermediate main trusses 9 are horizontally erected, with one end of each intermediate main truss 9 converging at the center of the shaft and fixed together, and the other end fixed to the surrounding rock of the shaft by hydraulic support shoes 3. The equipment placement platform 8 is a ring platform, which is erected on the bottom crossbeams of each intermediate main truss 9. Several crawler cylinders 10 are arranged circumferentially between the power layer B and the working layer A. The cast-in-place formwork layer C includes several side formworks 11, annular bottom formwork 12, and a formwork support platform 13 erected on the top crossbeam of each middle-layer main truss 9. The formwork support platform 13 is an annular platform. The outer diameter of the annular bottom formwork 12 is smaller than the diameter of the shaft opening, specifically 5-10cm smaller, to adapt to the uneven initial spraying surface of the shaft surrounding rock. The annular bottom formwork 12 is coaxially set on the formwork support platform 13, and its outer ring is sealed to the shaft surrounding rock by sealing airbags 14.

[0028] The side templates 11 are vertically supported on the formwork support platform 13, and their bottoms are hinged to the inner end of the annular bottom template 12. All the side templates 11 are assembled into a ring on the formwork support platform 13. Each side template 11 is provided with a demolding cylinder 15 between its back and the formwork support platform 13. The two ends of the demolding cylinder 15 are respectively hinged to the upper end of the side template 11 and the inner end of the formwork support platform 13. The top of the side wall of the side template 11 is also provided with a pouring window 16.

[0029] The cast-in-place formwork layer C is equipped with a feeding winch 27, which is fixed above the shaft and has a concrete conveying hopper suspended on it.

[0030] The feeding winch 27 and the slag discharge winch 4 can be fixed on the gantry frame above the shaft.

[0031] Ideally, the outer ring 1 is equipped with a drive motor for driving the inner ring 2 to rotate circumferentially. The excavation equipment can adjust its working position according to actual requirements. That is, the rotation adjustment of the inner ring 2 can provide the excavation equipment with a 360° working face.

[0032] Ideally, the excavation equipment also includes a bolt drilling rig 17, a dust suppression spraying system 18, and a primary support shotcrete equipment 19, integrating various construction equipment to facilitate excavation construction and achieve a high degree of automation.

[0033] Ideally, a first arc-shaped platform is erected between two adjacent middle-level main trusses 9. This first arc-shaped platform is positioned outwards, and all the first arc-shaped platforms are joined together to form an equipment placement platform 8. This platform 8 is used to house electrical distribution cabinets, hydraulic pump stations, air compressors, water tanks, and water filters. Above each hydraulic support shoe 3 in the power layer B, a positioning target 25 is installed, and a stroke sensor is mounted on each hydraulic support shoe 3 in this layer. By measuring the position of the positioning target 25 with a total station and the extension / retraction of the hydraulic support shoe 3 fed back by the stroke sensors, the equipment attitude is measured in real time for tunneling guidance.

[0034] Ideally, the working layer A also includes multiple sets of lower main trusses 20 set above the inner ring 2. One end of each lower main truss 20 is fixed to the outer ring 1, and the other end converges at the center of the outer ring 1 and is fixed together. A second arc-shaped platform is erected between two adjacent lower main trusses 20. The second arc-shaped platform is set on the outside. All the second arc-shaped platforms are spliced ​​together to form a ring-shaped bottom maintenance platform 21, which facilitates the maintenance of the bottom equipment.

[0035] Ideally, an auxiliary support cylinder 23 should be installed at the bottom of the outer ring 1 of working layer A via a mounting bracket. During shaft excavation, the auxiliary support cylinder 23 should be retracted. During lining or maintenance, the auxiliary support cylinder 23 should extend to provide support. Furthermore, when one ring is completed and the next ring needs to be constructed, the auxiliary support cylinder 23 should also extend to support the bottom of the shaft, facilitating the retraction of the hydraulic support shoe 3 of working layer A to adjust the overall position of working layer A.

[0036] When the hydraulic support shoe 3 of power layer B retracts, the overall position of power layer B can be adjusted by the crawling cylinder 10.

[0037] Ideally, each side formwork 11 is also equipped with two immersion vibrators 26 and two telescopic electric screw mechanisms 22. The side formwork 11 has through holes for the immersion vibrators 26 to pass through. The electric screw mechanisms 22 are supported between the back of the side formwork 11 and the formwork support platform 13. The immersion vibrators 26 are used to vibrate the concrete, and the electric screw mechanisms 22 play a supporting and reinforcing role. The two ends of the electric screw mechanisms 22 are also hinged to the corresponding side formwork 11 and formwork support platform 13.

[0038] Ideally, each side template 11 should have a demolding slant, and the support surface of the annular bottom template 12 should have a certain slope from the inside to the outside. This facilitates demolding and also makes it easier to clean up the laitance generated by vibration when pouring the next mold.

[0039] Ideally, a pedestrian ladder 24 is provided between the equipment placement platform 8 and the bottom maintenance platform 21, and openings and passages are provided at the corresponding positions of the pedestrian ladder 24 on both the equipment placement platform 8 and the formwork support platform 13.

[0040] Ideally, guardrails should be provided at the inner end of the equipment placement platform 8, the bottom maintenance platform 21, and the formwork support platform 13.

[0041] This invention also proposes a cast-in-place construction method for excavating deep underground space shafts. Based on the aforementioned deep underground space shaft excavation equipment, the construction method includes the following steps: S1. After the construction of the shaft lock section is completed, the deep underground space shaft excavation equipment will be fixed, installed, debugged and started in the lock section.

[0042] S2. Shaft excavation: First, crushing is carried out by crusher 6. After excavation, the slag is loaded into slag hopper 5 by slag excavator 7. Slag hopper 5 is lifted to the outside of the shaft by slag hoist 4 for circulation slag removal. After slag removal, the initial support reinforcement is carried out by anchor drilling rig 17 and initial support shotcrete equipment 19.

[0043] S3. Support layer pouring: First, concrete slurry is delivered into the shaft through the feeding winch 27, and then concrete is poured into the space enclosed by the annular bottom formwork 12, the side formwork 11 and the surrounding rock of the shaft through the pouring window 16 to form a concrete support layer. After the concrete support layer is formed, the side formwork 11 is flipped and demolded by the demolding cylinder 15. When the deep underground space shaft excavation equipment steps to the next ring position, the side formwork 11 is reset under the action of the demolding cylinder 15.

[0044] S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 along the direction of shaft excavation to complete the next ring of construction until the shaft construction is completed.

[0045] Ideally, in step S2, a dust suppression spray system 18 is used during excavation to reduce dust.

Claims

1. A deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment, comprising a working layer (A), a power layer (B), and a cast-in-place formwork layer (C) arranged from bottom to top, wherein the working layer (A) includes an outer ring (1) and an inner ring (2) coaxially arranged with the vertical shaft, the outer ring (1) and the inner ring (2) being rotatably coupled, and the outer ring (1) being fixed to the surrounding rock of the vertical shaft by a plurality of hydraulic support shoes (3), characterized in that: The working layer (A) also includes excavation equipment fixed on the inner ring (2) and a slag hoist (4) set outside the shaft. The slag hopper (5) is hoisted inside the shaft by the slag hoist (4). The excavation equipment includes a crusher (6) and a slag excavator (7). The power layer (B) includes an equipment placement platform (8) and several intermediate main trusses (9) arranged circumferentially. The intermediate main trusses (9) are horizontally erected. One end of each intermediate main truss (9) converges at the center of the shaft and is fixed together. The other end is fixed to the surrounding rock of the shaft by hydraulic support shoes (3). The equipment placement platform (8) is a ring platform, which is erected on the bottom crossbeam of each intermediate main truss (9). Several crawling cylinders (10) are arranged circumferentially between the power layer (B) and the working layer (A). The cast-in-place formwork layer (C) includes several side formworks (11), an annular bottom formwork (12), and a formwork support platform (13) erected on the top crossbeam of each middle-layer main truss (9). The formwork support platform (13) is an annular platform. The outer diameter of the annular bottom formwork (12) is smaller than the diameter of the shaft opening. The annular bottom formwork (12) is coaxially set on the formwork support platform (13), and its outer ring is sealed to the surrounding rock of the shaft by sealing airbags (14). The side formworks (11) are vertically supported on the formwork support platform (13), and their bottoms are hinged to the inner end of the annular bottom formwork (12). Next, all the side templates (11) are assembled into a ring on the formwork support platform (13). Each side template (11) is provided with a demolding cylinder (15) between its back and the formwork support platform (13). The two ends of the demolding cylinder (15) are respectively hinged to the upper end of the side template (11) and the inner end of the formwork support platform (13). The top of the side wall of the side template (11) is also provided with a pouring window (16). The cast-in-place formwork layer (C) is equipped with a feeding winch (27). The feeding winch (27) is fixed above the shaft. A concrete conveying hopper is suspended on the feeding winch (27). A first arc-shaped platform is erected between two adjacent middle-layer main trusses (9). The first arc-shaped platform is arranged on the outside, and all the first arc-shaped platforms are spliced ​​together to form an equipment placement platform (8). Each side template (11) is also equipped with two insert vibrators (26) and two telescopic electric screw mechanisms (22). The side template (11) is provided with through holes for the insert vibrators (26) to pass through. The electric screw mechanism (22) is supported between the back of the side template (11) and the formwork operation platform (13). Each side template (11) is provided with a demolding sloping opening. The formwork support surface of the annular bottom template (12) is set with a certain slope from the inside to the outside.

2. The deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring (1) is provided with a drive motor for driving the inner ring (2) to rotate circumferentially.

3. The deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The excavation equipment also includes a bolt drilling rig (17), a dust suppression spraying system (18), and a primary support shotcrete equipment (19).

4. The deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The working layer (A) also includes multiple sets of lower main trusses (20) set above the inner ring (2). One end of each lower main truss (20) is fixed to the outer ring (1), and the other end converges at the center of the outer ring (1) and is fixed together. A second arc-shaped platform is erected between two adjacent lower main trusses (20). The second arc-shaped platform is set on the outside. All the second arc-shaped platforms are spliced ​​together to form a ring-shaped bottom maintenance platform (21).

5. The deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the outer ring (1) of the working layer (A) is provided with an auxiliary support cylinder (23) by means of a mounting bracket.

6. A method for excavating and casting-in-place vertical shafts in deep underground spaces, characterized in that: The construction method based on the deep underground space vertical shaft excavation equipment as described in claim 5 includes the following steps: S1. After the construction of the shaft lock section is completed, the deep underground space shaft excavation equipment will be fixed, installed, debugged and started in the lock section; S2, Shaft excavation: First, crushing operation is carried out by crusher (6). After excavation, slag excavator (7) is used to load slag into slag hopper (5). Slag hopper (5) is lifted to the outside of the shaft by slag winch (4) for slag circulation. After slag discharge, initial support reinforcement operation is carried out by anchor drilling machine (17) and initial support shotcrete equipment (19). S3, Support layer pouring: First, concrete slurry is delivered into the shaft through the feeding winch (27), and concrete is poured into the space enclosed by the annular bottom formwork (12), side formwork (11) and the surrounding rock of the shaft through the pouring window (16) to form a concrete support layer. After the concrete support layer is formed, the side formwork (11) is flipped by the demolding cylinder (15) for demolding. When the deep underground space shaft excavation equipment steps to the next ring position, the side formwork (11) is reset under the action of the demolding cylinder (15). S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 along the direction of shaft excavation to complete the next ring of construction until the shaft construction is completed.

7. The method for excavation and cast-in-place construction of deep underground space shafts according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, a dust suppression spray system (18) is used to reduce dust during excavation.

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