A plant growth regulator for promoting grain filling and dehydration and methods of use and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a plant growth regulator for promoting seed grouting and dehydration and a use method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of plant growth regulators. Active ingredients of the plant growth regulator provided by the application are methyl jasmonate and betaine, and a molar ratio of the methyl jasmonate and the betaine is 1:50-3000. The plant growth regulator has the effects of shortening a growth process, enhancing seed dehydration efficiency, promoting seed development and material accumulation, and finally improving mechanical grain harvesting efficiency and guaranteeing high and stable yield of corn. Meanwhile, the product is safe and environment-friendly, has less field residue, has little influence on subsequent crops, and the main active ingredients are easy to obtain, low in cost, remarkable in effect, easy to operate and popularize and apply, and have a positive promoting effect on promoting economic benefits of corn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant growth regulator technology, specifically to a plant growth regulator that promotes grain filling and dehydration, as well as its application and usage. Background Technology

[0002] Corn is an important food and feed crop worldwide, as well as a crucial raw material for industrial processing, playing a vital role in national economic development. With the development of mechanized harvesting, mechanical grain harvesting has become a highly efficient method for crop harvesting. However, high-yielding corn varieties are often mid-to-late maturing or late-maturing varieties with longer growth periods and slower dehydration rates. Against the backdrop of global climate change, agricultural weather during the crop growth period, especially in the later stages, is often unstable, with frequent occurrences of heat and cold damage, heavy rainfall, and strong winds. This results in insufficient grain filling or excessively slow dehydration processes in corn, limiting the promotion of mechanized grain harvesting technology and significantly reducing harvesting efficiency. Improving corn grain filling capacity and dehydration processes, and achieving green and ecological development, has become a crucial issue in my country's agricultural production, with significant implications for the development of agricultural mechanization technology and food security.

[0003] Grain filling is a crucial process for ensuring grain yield, and a certain level of grain moisture content is necessary for mechanized grain harvesting. Grain filling and dehydration are two highly interrelated processes in corn, and controlling grain filling to regulate grain dehydration is a widely accepted approach. However, current production methods lack effective measures to accelerate corn dehydration while increasing and stabilizing yields, thus limiting efficient and safe corn production.

[0004] Based on the above reasons, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above reasons, and in view of the problems or defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a plant growth regulator that promotes grain filling and dehydration, as well as its method of use and application, to solve or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical defects existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to promote grain filling (increase yield) and / or dehydration (mechanical grain harvesting) of plants (crops).

[0007] The active ingredients of the plant growth regulator provided by this invention are methyl jasmonate and betaine.

[0008] In the above-mentioned plant growth regulators, the molar ratio (molar ratio) of methyl jasmonate and betaine is 1:50-3000.

[0009] In the above-mentioned plant growth regulators, the molar ratio of methyl jasmonate to betaine is 1:50-150, 1:100-300, 1:200-600, or 1:1000-3000.

[0010] In the aforementioned plant growth regulators, the molar ratio of methyl jasmonate to betaine is 1:1000 (corresponding to M1G1), 1:200 (corresponding to M2G1 or M3G2), 1:100 (corresponding to M3G1 or M4G2), 1:50 (corresponding to M4G1), 1:2000 (M1G2), 1:400 (corresponding to M2G2), 1:3000 (corresponding to M1G3), 1:600 ​​(corresponding to M2G3), 1:300 (corresponding to M3G3), and 1:150 (corresponding to M4G3).

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned plant growth regulator, the molar ratio of methyl jasmonate to betaine is 1:200-2000; wherein: 1:200 (corresponding to M2G1), 1:400 (corresponding to M2G2), 1:2000 (M1G2).

[0012] Most preferably, in the above-mentioned plant growth regulator, the molar ratio of methyl jasmonate to betaine is 1:400 (corresponding to M2G2).

[0013] The aforementioned plant growth regulators contain synergists, which include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fulvic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, chitosan oligosaccharide, solubilizers, and adhesives.

[0014] The aforementioned cosolvent may be one or more of methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide; the aforementioned adhesive may be one or more of Tween 20, Tween 60, and Triton-100.

[0015] The synergist of the plant growth regulator described above may also contain other components, which can be determined by those skilled in the art based on their effect on plant growth regulation; the cosolvent of the plant growth regulator may also contain other components, which can be determined by those skilled in the art based on their effect on plant growth regulation; the adhesive spreading agent of the plant growth regulator may also contain other components, which can be determined by those skilled in the art based on their effect on plant growth regulation.

[0016] The above-mentioned plant growth regulators have all or some of the following functions:

[0017] P1. Increase plant yield;

[0018] P2, the ability to accelerate plant grain filling;

[0019] P3, promotes growth and / or improves plant dehydration efficiency;

[0020] P4. Increase the number of grains per spike and / or the thousand-grain weight;

[0021] P5. Increase the activity of enzymes related to carbon metabolism;

[0022] P6. Improve the accumulation of substances in grains;

[0023] P7. Reduce the time to maximum grouting rate and / or shorten the effective grouting duration;

[0024] P8. Reduce the time of maximum moisture content and / or shorten the period during which the grains reach the conditions for mechanical grain harvesting.

[0025] In the above-mentioned plant growth regulators, the plant is any one of the following:

[0026] 1) Dicotyledonous plants;

[0027] 2) Monocotyledonous plants;

[0028] 3) Plants of the order Poales;

[0029] 4) Gramineae plants;

[0030] 5) Plants of the genus *Zea*;

[0031] 6) Corn.

[0032] The application of the following plant growth regulators also falls within the scope of protection of this invention, including all or part of Q1-Q7:

[0033] Q1. Application of the above-mentioned plant growth regulators in increasing plant yield;

[0034] Q2. Application of the above-mentioned plant growth regulators in accelerating plant grain filling;

[0035] Q3. Application of the above-mentioned plant growth regulators in promoting growth and / or improving plant dehydration efficiency;

[0036] Q4. Application of the above-mentioned plant growth regulators in increasing the number of grains per spike and / or the thousand-grain weight;

[0037] Q5. Application of the above-mentioned plant growth regulators in improving the activity of enzymes related to plant carbon metabolism.

[0038] Q6. Application of the above-mentioned plant growth regulators in reducing the time of maximum grouting rate and / or shortening the effective grouting duration;

[0039] Q7. Application of the above-mentioned plant growth regulators in reducing the time of maximum water content and / or shortening the period when the grains reach the conditions for mechanical grain harvesting.

[0040] The plant growth regulators described above can be formulated into any dosage form acceptable for agricultural production, such as liquids, emulsions, suspensions, powders, granules, wettable powders, or water-dispersible granules. The plant growth regulator can be a liquid, wherein the molar concentration of the active ingredient methyl jasmonate can be 0.1-2 mM, and the molar concentration of betaine can be 100-300 mM, specifically 0.1 mM + 100 mM, 0.5 mM + 100 mM, 1 mM + 100 mM, 2 mM + 100 mM, 0.1 mM + 200 mM, 0.5 mM + 200 mM, 1 mM + 200 mM, or 2 mM + 200 mM. M or 0.1mM+300mM or 0.5mM+300mM or 1mM+300mM or 2mM+300mM; the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the synergist can be 0.1-0.5mg / L, the concentration of fulvic acid can be 100-500mg / L, and the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine can be 1-10mg / L; the concentration of the cosolvent can be 100-200ml / L; and the concentration of the adhesive spreader can be 1-5ml / L.

[0041] This invention also provides a method for using the aforementioned plant growth regulator, comprising preparing the plant growth regulator into a solution and spraying it on the leaves and panicles during the plant's growth period. The foliar spraying period can be from the grain-filling and silking stage to the peak grain-filling stage.

[0042] Furthermore, in the application method described in the above technical solution, the spraying concentration of methyl jasmonate, the active ingredient in the plant growth regulator, is 0.1-2 mM, and the spraying concentration of betaine is 100-300 mM.

[0043] When the plant growth regulator described in the above method is sprayed, it is preferable to apply it once during the silking stage to the early stage of grain filling, and more preferably once during the early stage of grain filling to the peak stage of grain filling.

[0044] When applying the plant growth regulator described above, use 30L of solution per acre, preferably with water as the diluent. Spray evenly onto the leaf surface, and focus on spraying the female ears. Avoid overspraying or missing any areas.

[0045] Experiments showed that, compared with the control group without plant growth regulators, spraying methyl jasmonate alone linearly reduced the time for corn kernels to reach a moisture content of 25% with increasing concentration, shortening it by 4-8 days, while having no significant effect on yield. However, the effect tended to increase first and then decrease with increasing concentration. Spraying betaine alone had no significant effect on the time for corn kernels to reach a moisture content of 25%, but showed a trend of linearly increasing effect with concentration, resulting in an overall yield increase of 1.8-3.8%, with the yield increase weakening at higher concentrations. Combining the two plant growth regulators in different proportions resulted in greater yield increases than using them alone, ranging from 3.1-4.4%, and both treatments shortened the dehydration process and increased yield compared to the control. The M2G2 treatment (a molar ratio of methyl jasmonate to betaine of 1:400) showed the largest increase, at 4.4%. While methyl jasmonate alone significantly shortens the dehydration process by up to 8 days, it is not conducive to high and stable corn yields. However, the M2G2 treatment (methyl jasmonate to betaine molar ratio of 1:400) combined with betaine can significantly shorten the grain dehydration time by 5 days. This demonstrates that the combined use of these two components not only accelerates grain dehydration but also has a significant synergistic effect on yield.

[0046] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] This invention addresses the problem of the negative impact of non-selective plant growth regulators on yield in maize production, which limits the development of mechanized grain harvesting. Existing regulators cannot simultaneously accelerate grain dehydration and stabilize maize yield. Therefore, an environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient plant growth regulator promoting dehydration and grain filling has been developed. This regulator mainly contains methyl jasmonate and betaine. It utilizes the complementary and synergistic effects of methyl jasmonate in accelerating grain development and betaine in regulating cell growth, resulting in a product that shortens the growth cycle, enhances grain dehydration efficiency, promotes grain development and nutrient accumulation, ultimately improving the efficiency of mechanized grain harvesting and ensuring high and stable maize yields. Furthermore, this product is safe and environmentally friendly, leaves little residue in the field, has minimal impact on subsequent crops, and its main active ingredients are readily available, low-cost, and highly effective. It is easy to operate and promote, and will play a positive role in improving the economic benefits of maize. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1The effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine foliar spraying on maize yield and yield components. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Student's T test, P < 0.05).

[0050] Figure 2 The effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine foliar spraying on grain material accumulation and the activity of enzymes related to carbon metabolism. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments (Student's T test, P < 0.05).

[0051] Figure 3 The effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine spraying on grain filling characteristics were investigated. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Student's T test, P < 0.05).

[0052] Figure 4 The effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine spraying on grain dehydration characteristics. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Student's T test, P < 0.05). Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0055] The methyl jasmonate (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 39924-52-2), betaine (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 76714-83-5), and synergist described in this invention are all commercially available.

[0056] Example 1: Effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine on maize yield and yield composition

[0057] In this embodiment, methyl jasmonate and betaine were selected. Four concentrations of methyl jasmonate (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) and three concentrations of betaine (100, 200, 300 mM) were set up and arranged in combination. A water control was also set up.

[0058] The experiment was conducted under natural field conditions. The specific methods are as follows:

[0059] 1. Preparation of plant growth regulator solution

[0060] 1.1 Methyl jasmonate was dissolved in water to obtain 0.1 mM methyl jasmonate solution (M1 solution), 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate solution (M2 solution), 1 mM methyl jasmonate solution (M3 solution), and 2 mM methyl jasmonate solution (M4 solution).

[0061] 1.2 Betaine was dissolved in methanol to obtain 100 mM betaine solution (G1 solution), 200 mM betaine solution (G2 solution), and 300 mM betaine solution (G3 solution), respectively.

[0062] 1.3 Preparation of a combined solution of methyl jasmonate and betaine

[0063] 1.3.1 M1G1 solution:

[0064] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0065] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0066] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with deionized water to obtain solution M1G1. Solution M1G1 contains methyl jasmonate at 0.1 mM and betaine at 100 mM.

[0067] 1.3.2M2G1 solution:

[0068] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0069] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0070] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain solution M2G1. Solution M2G1 contains methyl jasmonate at 0.5 mM and betaine at 100 mM.

[0071] 1.3.3M 3G1 solution:

[0072] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0073] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0074] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain solution M3G1. Solution M3G1 contains methyl jasmonate at 1 mM and betaine at 100 mM.

[0075] 1.3.4M 4G1 solution:

[0076] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0077] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0078] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain the M4G1 solution. The M4G1 solution contains 2 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mM betaine.

[0079] 1.3.5M 1G2 solution:

[0080] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0081] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0082] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain solution M1G2. Solution M1G2 contains methyl jasmonate at 0.1 mM and betaine at 200 mM.

[0083] 1.3.6M2G2 solution:

[0084] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0085] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0086] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute with water to the working volume to obtain the M2G2 solution. The M2G2 solution contains 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate and 200 mM betaine.

[0087] 1.3.7M3G2 solution:

[0088] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0089] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0090] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain the M3G2 solution. The M3G2 solution contains 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 200 mM betaine.

[0091] 1.3.8M 4G2 solution:

[0092] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0093] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0094] 3) Mix the solutions from 1) and 2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain the M4G2 solution. The M4G2 solution contains 2 mM methyl jasmonate and 200 mM betaine.

[0095] 1.3.9M 1G3 solution:

[0096] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0097] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0098] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute with water to the working volume to obtain solution M1G3. Solution M1G3 contains 0.1 mM methyl jasmonate and 300 mM betaine.

[0099] 1.3.10M 2G3 solution:

[0100] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0101] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0102] 3) Mix the solutions from 1) and 2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain the M2G3 solution. The M2G3 solution contains 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate and 300 mM betaine.

[0103] 1.3.11 M3G3 solution:

[0104] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0105] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0106] 3) Mix the solutions from 1)-2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain the M3G3 solution. The M3G3 solution contains 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 300 mM betaine.

[0107] 1.3.12M 4G3 solution:

[0108] 1) Dissolve methyl jasmonate in deionized water to obtain a methyl jasmonate solution;

[0109] 2) Dissolve betaine in methanol to prepare a betaine solution;

[0110] 3) Mix the solutions from 1) and 2) thoroughly, and dilute to the working volume with water to obtain the M4G3 solution. The M4G3 solution contains 2 mM methyl jasmonate and 300 mM betaine.

[0111] 2. Field Experiment Design

[0112] In the quantitative experiments described below, three replicate experiments were performed.

[0113] In the summer of 2021, a field experiment was conducted in Wuqiao, Hebei Province, China, using Zhengdan 958 as the test variety. The silking period of Zhengdan 958 that year was August 6-12. The experiment employed a randomized block design with three replicates. Each replicate contained 20 randomly selected plots (treatments) for foliar and ear spraying during the early grain-filling stage. The 20 plots were designated as the control (CK), M1, M2, M3, M4, G1, G2, G3, M1G1, M2G1, M3G1, M4G1, M1G2, M2G2, M3G2, M4G2, M1G3, M2G3, M3G3, and M4G3 treatments. Each plot had an area of ​​24 m². 2 Each plot of corn has a row spacing of 60cm and a density of 5000 plants per acre.

[0114] Maize was irrigated normally and harvested at maturity. Yield was measured, and yield components such as number of ears per acre, number of grains per ear, and thousand-grain weight were investigated. All data were analyzed using ANOVA in SAS 9.2, and multiple comparisons were performed using Fisher's LSD method. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0115] like Figure 1 As shown in the experimental results, compared with the control, spraying methyl jasmonate alone exhibited a certain concentration effect, but the yield increase was not significant, and the yield increase effect weakened at high concentrations. Spraying betaine alone showed a significant concentration effect, with an overall yield increase of 1.8-3.8%, and the yield increase effect weakened at high concentrations. When combined with other ingredients in different proportions, the yield increase was greater than that of using them alone, except for the G2 treatment, with increases of 3.1-4.4%. The combination of M2 and G2 treatments showed the largest increase, at 4.4%. This indicates that the combined use of the two ingredients has a significant synergistic effect. Considering cost, the combination of M2 and G1 or M1 and G2 can also achieve relatively ideal results.

[0116] Example 2: Effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine spraying on physiological indicators related to carbon metabolism during the peak grain filling period of maize.

[0117] In this embodiment, methyl jasmonate and betaine were selected. Four concentrations of methyl jasmonate (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) and three concentrations of betaine (100, 200, 300 mM) were set up and arranged in combination. A water control was also set up.

[0118] The experiment was conducted under natural field conditions. The specific methods are as follows:

[0119] 1. The preparation of the plant growth regulator solution is the same as in Example 1.

[0120] 2. Field trial design

[0121] In the quantitative experiments described below, three replicate experiments were performed.

[0122] In the summer of 2021, a field experiment was conducted in Wuqiao, Hebei Province, China, using Zhengdan 958 as the test variety. The silking period of Zhengdan 958 that year was August 6-12. The experiment employed a randomized block design with three replicates. Each replicate contained 20 randomly selected plots (treatments) for foliar and ear spraying during the early grain-filling stage. The 20 plots were designated as the control (CK), M1, M2, M3, M4, G1, G2, G3, M1G1, M2G1, M3G1, M4G1, M1G2, M2G2, M3G2, M4G2, M1G3, M2G3, M3G3, and M4G3 treatments. Each plot had an area of ​​24 m². 2 Each plot of corn has a row spacing of 60cm and a density of 5000 plants per acre.

[0123] Under normal irrigation, physiological indicators reflecting the grain-filling capacity of maize were measured at the peak of grain filling, including sucrose and starch content in the middle of the female ear, and the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and starch synthase.

[0124] like Figure 2As shown in the experimental results, compared with the control, spraying methyl jasmonate and betaine alone significantly increased the sucrose and starch content of maize kernels, as well as the activities of enzymes related to carbohydrate synthesis in the kernels, such as sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and starch synthase. The effect of betaine on each indicator decreased with increasing concentration, while methyl jasmonate exhibited a clear dual-response pattern; high concentrations of methyl jasmonate (M4) were less effective than M3 in increasing kernel sucrose and starch content and improving the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and starch synthase. Combining methyl jasmonate and betaine in different proportions resulted in greater effects on increasing kernel sucrose and starch content and improving the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and starch synthase than using them alone. This demonstrates that the combined use of these two components has a significant synergistic effect, promoting the accumulation of nutrients in maize kernels during the grain-filling stage under natural field conditions.

[0125] Example 3: Effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine spraying on corn grain filling characteristics

[0126] In this embodiment, methyl jasmonate and betaine were selected. Four concentrations of methyl jasmonate (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) and three concentrations of betaine (100, 200, 300 mM) were set up and arranged in combination. A water control was also set up.

[0127] The experiment was conducted under natural field conditions. The specific methods are as follows:

[0128] 1. The preparation of the plant growth regulator solution is the same as in Example 1.

[0129] 2. Field trial design

[0130] In the quantitative experiments described below, three replicate experiments were performed.

[0131] In the summer of 2021, a field experiment was conducted in Wuqiao, Hebei Province, China, using Zhengdan 958 as the test variety. The silking period of Zhengdan 958 that year was August 6-12. The experiment employed a randomized block design with three replicates. Each replicate contained 20 randomly selected plots (treatments) for foliar and ear spraying during the early grain-filling stage. The 20 plots were designated as the control (CK), M1, M2, M3, M4, G1, G2, G3, M1G1, M2G1, M3G1, M4G1, M1G2, M2G2, M3G2, M4G2, M1G3, M2G3, M3G3, and M4G3 treatments. Each plot had an area of ​​24 m². 2 Each plot of corn has a row spacing of 60cm and a density of 5000 plants per acre.

[0132] Corn was irrigated normally, and grain dry weight was dynamically measured every 5 days. The Richard equation was used (Zhu Qingsen, Cao Xianzhu, Luo Yiqi. Growth analysis of rice grain filling [J]. Crop Science).

[0133] Report, 1988(03):182-193.) Fit and extrapolate grouting characteristics.

[0134] The dry weight W of the grains is calculated as follows:

[0135]

[0136] The formula for grouting rate GR is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] The time tmax to reach the maximum grouting rate:

[0139]

[0140] Maximum grouting rate GR max That is, t max The average grouting rate GR to be obtained by entering equation 2 mean :

[0141]

[0142] Effective grouting duration D:

[0143]

[0144] In the above formula, A, B, k, and N are all parameters, obtained from experimental data through least squares fitting, and t is the time after spinning. All data were analyzed using ANOVA in SAS 9.2, and multiple comparisons were performed using Fisher's LSD method, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

[0145] like Figure 3As shown in the experimental results, compared with the control, spraying methyl jasmonate and betaine alone significantly increased the maximum grain-filling rate, average grain-filling rate, and advanced the time to reach the maximum grain-filling rate in maize. However, spraying methyl jasmonate alone shortened the effective grain-filling duration, while spraying betaine alone prolonged it. Furthermore, methyl jasmonate exhibited a significant concentration effect in regulating maize grain filling; the effect weakened at high concentrations (M4), while the effect of betaine decreased with increasing concentration. Combining methyl jasmonate and betaine in different proportions resulted in greater effects on all the above indicators than using them alone. In particular, the improvement in grain-filling rate by betaine compensated for the shortening of the effective grain-filling duration by methyl jasmonate. Therefore, the combined use of these two components has a significant synergistic effect, accelerating the growth process while promoting grain filling in maize in the field.

[0146] Example 4: Effects of methyl jasmonate and betaine spraying on the dehydration characteristics of corn kernels

[0147] In this embodiment, methyl jasmonate and betaine were selected. Four concentrations of methyl jasmonate (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) and three concentrations of betaine (100, 200, 300 mM) were set up and arranged in combination. A water control was also set up.

[0148] The experiment was conducted under natural field conditions. The specific methods are as follows:

[0149] 1. The preparation of the plant growth regulator solution is the same as in Example 1.

[0150] 2. Field trial design

[0151] In the quantitative experiments described below, three replicate experiments were performed.

[0152] In the summer of 2021, a field experiment was conducted in Wuqiao, Hebei Province, China, using Zhengdan 958 as the test variety. The silking period of Zhengdan 958 that year was August 6-12. The experiment employed a randomized block design with three replicates. Each replicate contained 20 randomly selected plots (treatments) for foliar and ear spraying during the early grain-filling stage. The 20 plots were designated as the control (CK), M1, M2, M3, M4, G1, G2, G3, M1G1, M2G1, M3G1, M4G1, M1G2, M2G2, M3G2, M4G2, M1G3, M2G3, M3G3, and M4G3 treatments. Each plot had an area of ​​24 m². 2 Each plot of corn has a row spacing of 60cm and a density of 5000 plants per acre.

[0153] Corn was irrigated normally, and the grain moisture content was dynamically measured every 5 days. The time to reach the maximum moisture content, the time to reach physiological maturity, and the time to reach a grain moisture content of 25% were recorded, and the dehydration rate was calculated.

[0154] The dehydration rate (DR) is calculated as follows:

[0155] DR (% / day) = (90-25) / t

[0156] In the above formula, t represents the time after corn silking when the kernel moisture content reaches 25%. All data were analyzed using ANOVA in SAS 9.2, and multiple comparisons were performed using Fisher's LSD method. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0157] like Figure 4 As shown in the experimental results, compared with the control, spraying methyl jasmonate alone significantly increased the dehydration rate of corn kernels and advanced the time to reach maximum moisture content, physiological maturity, and 25% moisture content. The regulatory effect increased exponentially with increasing concentration. Spraying betaine alone had the opposite effect to methyl jasmonate, prolonging the time for kernels to reach 25% moisture content while reducing the dehydration rate. Combining methyl jasmonate and betaine in different proportions resulted in a regulatory effect on the above indicators that was intermediate between the effects of using either alone. Compared with the control, the combined use of both shortened the time for kernels to reach mechanical harvesting conditions and increased the dehydration rate. In particular, the earlier achievement of physiological maturity by methyl jasmonate compensated for the excessively long dehydration time of betaine. Therefore, the combined use of these two components has a significant synergistic effect, accelerating the kernel dehydration process.

Claims

1. A plant growth regulator that promotes grain filling and dehydration in corn, characterized in that: The active ingredients of the plant growth regulator are methyl jasmonate and betaine, and the molar ratio of methyl jasmonate to betaine is 1:

400. The plant growth regulator is used to simultaneously promote corn grain filling, increase yield, and accelerate grain dehydration.

2. The plant growth regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator contains a synergist, which includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fulvic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, chitosan oligosaccharide, solubilizer, and adhesive.

3. The application of the plant growth regulator according to claim 1 or 2 in simultaneously promoting corn grain filling, increasing yield and accelerating grain dehydration.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that: The promotion of corn grain filling is achieved by reducing the time of maximum grain filling rate and / or shortening the effective grain filling duration; the acceleration of grain dehydration is achieved by reducing the time of maximum moisture content and / or shortening the period during which the grains reach the conditions for mechanical grain harvesting.

5. A method of using the plant growth regulator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: This includes preparing the plant growth regulator into a solution and spraying it on the leaves and panicles during the plant's growth period; the period for foliar spraying is from the grain-filling and silking stage to the peak grain-filling stage.

6. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spraying concentration of methyl jasmonate, the active ingredient in plant growth regulators, is 0.1-2 mM, and the spraying concentration of betaine is 100-300 mM.

7. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the plant growth regulator is sprayed, it is applied once during the silking stage to the early stage of grouting, and then again during the early stage of grouting to the peak stage of grouting.

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