A top and bottom pillar advanced caving and continuous mining method

Abstract

This invention discloses a continuous mining method for top and bottom pillar advance mining, relating to the field of underground mining technology for metal deposits. It includes a stope, the bottom pillars, intermediate pillars, and top pillars constituting the stope, and an upper bottom pillar located above the top pillar. A central filling zone is filled between the bottom and top pillars. A ventilation shaft is vertically located in the center of the central filling zone. Transport roadways are horizontally located in the upper and lower sections of the central filling zone. A water pipe is located above the upper bottom pillar, with two conveying pipes on each pipe, each equipped with multiple nozzles. The two conveying pipes pass through the ventilation shaft and the transport roadways. This invention supports the stope by setting a central filling zone in the middle area, increasing the stability during stope blasting and making the ore more concentrated, facilitating mining. The external filling zone protects the ore body outside the stope, preventing damage to the ore outside the stope. After pillar blasting, the ore falls to the mining location between the bottom pillars.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground mining of metal deposits, and more particularly to a continuous mining method for ore extraction with top and bottom pillars. Background Technology

[0002] For unstable, high-value, steeply dipping, medium-thick or thick metallic deposits, layered backfill mining is typically employed. In this method, the ore body is generally divided into stops and pillars, with pillars including intervening pillars, bottom pillars, and top pillars. Stops are mined first, followed by pillars.

[0003] Currently, in the layered pillar mining method, pillars are mined layer by layer, with the upper pillars mined first, followed by the lower pillars. Because the middle of the stope is empty, this mining method means that when the upper pillars and inter-pillars are blasted directly, all the ore in the top pillars and inter-pillars will fall to the bottom pillars, which can easily cause the entire stope to collapse. The falling ore can cause the bottom pillars to break due to excessive pressure and directly rush into the lower stope, leaving a major safety hazard for the safe production of the mine. Moreover, the dust generated after the pillar blast cannot be dealt with in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies where layered pillar mining can easily lead to mine collapse, and to propose a continuous mining method with top and bottom pillars advanced mining.

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A continuous mining method for pre-mining with top and bottom pillars includes a stope, a base pillar, intermediate pillars, and a top pillar constituting the stope, and an upper base pillar located above the top pillar. A central filling zone is filled between the base pillar and the top pillar. A ventilation shaft is vertically located in the center of the central filling zone. Transport roadways are horizontally located in the upper and lower sections of the central filling zone. A water pipe is located above the upper base pillar, and two conveying pipes are installed on the water pipe. Each of the two conveying pipes is equipped with multiple nozzles. The two conveying pipes pass through the ventilation shaft and the transport roadways and are located on the outer walls of both sides of the central filling zone. An external filling zone is filled outside the intermediate pillar and the base pillar. Protective components for fixing the conveying pipes are provided on the outer walls of both sides of the central filling zone.

[0007] Preferably, the protective assembly includes a mounting plate fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the central filling area. Two protective covers are fixedly and rotatably mounted on one side of the mounting plate. Multiple positioning frames are fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting plate. Bolts are inserted into the ends of the multiple positioning frames. A fixing plate is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the mounting plate. Two motors are fixedly mounted inside the fixing plate. The output ends of the two motors are connected to the rotating shaft of the protective cover.

[0008] Preferably, the lower section of the central filling area is composed of two right-angled triangles, the upper section of the central filling area is longer than the lower section, and the upper surface of the central filling area is provided with a sloping surface.

[0009] Preferably, a water tank is provided at the upper ends of both sides of the external filling area, and a water pump is provided in the water tank, the water pump being connected to a water pipe.

[0010] Preferably, deep holes for blasting are provided in the middle of the intermediate column, the top column, and the upper bottom column.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the central filling area is in contact with the lower surface of the upper bottom column, and the lower end of the central filling area is in contact with the bottom column of this layer.

[0012] Preferably, the conveying pipe is located in the middle of the positioning frame, and the bolt is threaded with a nut.

[0013] Preferably, the mounting plate has multiple mounting holes, and two pairs of fixing blocks are fixed on the side of the mounting plate. The rotating shafts on the protective cover are all inserted into the fixing blocks.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. In this invention, by setting a central filling zone in the middle area of ​​the stope to support the stope, the stability of the stope during blasting is increased, and the ore is more concentrated, making it easier to mine. The external filling zone protects the ore body outside the stope and avoids damage to the ore outside the stope. The ore after pillar blasting will fall into the position between the bottom pillars of this layer to be mined.

[0016] 2. In this invention, by setting conveying pipes and nozzles at inclined positions on both sides of the lower section of the central filling area, the collected water source is sprayed out as water mist through the nozzles to cover the dust generated after the ore pillar is crushed, thereby achieving dust prevention efficiency. The nozzles are set at inclined positions, so the spray coverage area is larger and wider. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the unmined planar structure of the mine chamber according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the mining plan structure for preparing the mine stope according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the protective component structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0022] The numbers in the diagram are as follows: 1. Bottom column of this layer; 11. Intermediate column; 12. Top column; 13. Bottom column of the upper layer; 14. Middle filling area; 15. Ventilation and pedestrian shaft; 16. Transport tunnel; 17. Water pipe; 18. Conveying pipe; 19. Nozzle; 191. External filling area; 2. Mounting plate; 21. Protective cover; 22. Positioning frame; 23. Bolt; 24. Fixing plate; 25. Motor; 3. Sloping surface; 4. Water pool; 5. Deep hole. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0024] Example: This example provides a continuous mining method for ore extraction with top and bottom pillars and advance recovery. See [link to example]. Figure 1-4 Specifically, it includes a stope, the constituent bottom pillar 1, intermediate pillar 11, and top pillar 12, and an upper bottom pillar 13 located above the top pillar. A central filling zone 14 is filled between the bottom pillar 1 and the top pillar 12. A ventilation shaft 15 is vertically located in the center of the central filling zone 14, providing ventilation and ore transport for personnel. Transport roadways 16 are horizontally located in both the upper and lower sections of the central filling zone 14. The upper transport roadway 16 is used to lay transport pipes 18, and the lower transport roadway 16 is used to transport ore after blasting. A water pipe 17 is located above the upper bottom pillar 13, with two transport pipes 18 on the water pipe 17. Each of the two transport pipes 18 has multiple nozzles 19. A conveying pipe 18 passes through the ventilation manhole 15 and the transport roadway 16. The outer sides of the interstitial column 11 and the bottom column 1 of this layer are filled with an external filling area 191. Water pools 4 are provided on both sides of the upper end of the external filling area 191. Water pumps are provided in the water pools 4 and connected to water pipes 17. Deep holes 5 for blasting are opened in the middle of the interstitial column 11, the top column 12 and the upper bottom column 13. The deep holes 5 on the top column 12 and the upper bottom column 13 are opened vertically, and the deep holes 5 on the interstitial column 11 are opened horizontally. The upper end of the middle filling area 14 is attached to the lower surface of the upper bottom column 13, and the lower end of the middle filling area 14 is attached to the bottom column 1 of this layer. Protective components for fixing the conveying pipe 18 are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the middle filling area 14.

[0025] During the mining of the top and bottom pillars in the stope, a central filling zone 14 is first filled in the middle of the stope, and an outer filling zone 191 is filled on the outside of the stope. The filling material is unbonded or bonded geological material, such as tailings, sand, or waste rock, to surround the stope. A vertical ventilation shaft 15 is opened in the central filling zone 14, and a transverse transport roadway 16 is connected to the ventilation shaft 15 to facilitate the installation of the transport pipe 18 and the transportation of ore. A water pool 4 is opened on the outer filling zone 191 to collect the water generated during mining. The water in the water pool 4 is transported to the water pipe 17 by a water pump. The water pipe 17 is installed in the upper stope and is made of stainless steel. The transport pipe 18 is made of rubber, and the two transport pipes 18 run along the ventilation shaft 15. Entering the central filling zone 14, the protective components laid on the outer walls on both sides of the central filling zone 14 protect the conveying pipe 18 during blasting and mining of the intermediate pillar 11, top pillar 12, and upper bottom pillar 13. After blasting, water mist is sprayed through nozzles 19 to cover the dust and reduce dust. The central filling zone 14 supports the stope, increases the stability of the stope during blasting, and makes the ore more concentrated, which is convenient for mining. The outer filling zone 191 protects the ore body outside the stope and avoids damage to the ore outside the stope. The ore after pillar blasting will fall to the position between the bottom pillars 1 of this layer to be mined. After the pillars in this layer of the stope are mined, the bottom outer filling zone 191 is removed to facilitate the mining of the pillars in the lower layer of the stope.

[0026] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the protective assembly includes a mounting plate 2 fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the central filling area 14. Two protective covers 21 are fixedly and rotatably mounted on one side of the mounting plate 2. Multiple positioning frames 22 are fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting plate 2. Bolts 23 are inserted into the ends of the multiple positioning frames 22. A fixing plate 24 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the mounting plate 2. Two motors 25 are fixedly mounted inside the fixing plate 24. The output ends of the two motors 25 are connected to the rotating shaft of the protective cover 21. The conveying pipe 18 is located in the middle of the positioning frame 22. Nuts are threaded on the bolts 23. Multiple mounting holes are opened on the mounting plate 2. Two pairs of fixing blocks are fixedly mounted on the side of the mounting plate 2. The rotating shafts on the protective cover 21 are inserted into the fixing blocks. The lower ends of the rotating shafts on the protective cover 21 pass through the grooves of the fixing blocks and are connected to the output ends of the motors 25. The protective cover 21 is located between the upper and lower fixing blocks.

[0027] Mounting plate 2 is fixed to the outer wall of the central filling area 14 by screws passing through mounting holes. Conveying pipe 18 passes through the middle of positioning frame 22. Positioning frame 22 has a certain elasticity. Bolt 23 passes through the end of positioning frame 22, and then nut is installed on bolt 23. Through the compression of nut and bolt 23, positioning frame 22 is tightly attached to the outer wall of conveying pipe 18. When blasting, motor 25 drives the shaft on protective cover 21 to rotate, so that protective cover 21 closes and protects conveying pipe 18 on mounting plate 2, preventing debris from damaging conveying pipe 18. After blasting, motor 25 drives protective cover 21 to open, and nozzle 19 sprays water mist to cover the raised dust. Motor 25 is placed inside fixed plate 24, which can protect motor 25.

[0028] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 2 As shown, the lower section of the central filling area 14 is composed of two right-angled triangles. The upper section of the central filling area 14 is longer than the lower section, and a sloping surface 3 is provided on the upper surface of the central filling area 14. The upper section of the central filling area 14 is longer than the lower section to prevent the ore falling from above from damaging the lower section. The lower section is set as two right-angled triangles. The mounting plate 2 is installed on the outer wall of the upper right-angled triangle, which not only increases the area of ​​water mist sprayed by the nozzle 19, but also prevents the ore above from hitting the mounting plate 2. It can also increase the storage of ore after blasting in the mine. The sloping surface 3 on the upper surface of the central filling area 14 facilitates the sliding of the ore above. The ventilation shaft 15 and the transport roadway 16 on the central filling area 14 also facilitate the mining of ore.

[0029] Specifically, the working principle and operation method of this invention are as follows:

[0030] When mining the top and bottom pillars in the stope, the middle filling area 14 is filled in the middle of the stope first, and the outer filling area 191 is filled on the outside of the stope. The blasting material is inserted into the deep holes 5 on the upper bottom pillar 13, top pillar 12 and interstitial pillar 11 for blasting. The motor 25 drives the shaft on the protective cover 21 to rotate, so that the protective cover 21 is closed and the conveying pipe 18 on the mounting plate 2 is protected to prevent the crushed stone from damaging the conveying pipe 18. After the blasting is completed, the motor 25 drives the protective cover 21 to open, and the water pump delivers water from the water pool 4 to the water pipe 17. The water pipe 17 delivers the water source to the two conveying pipes 18, and then the nozzle 19 sprays water mist to cover the dust. The middle filling area 14 supports the stope, increases the stability of the stope during blasting, and also makes the ore more concentrated. The ventilation shaft 15 and the transport roadway 16 on the middle filling area 14, together with the original connecting road, can quickly transport the ore.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous mining method for pre-mining ore with top and bottom pillars, comprising a stope, a bottom pillar (1), intermediate pillars (11), and a top pillar (12) constituting the stope, and an upper bottom pillar (13) located above the top pillar, characterized in that: A central filling area (14) is filled between the bottom column (1) and the top column (12) of this layer. A ventilation manhole (15) is vertically provided in the middle of the central filling area (14). A transport roadway (16) is provided horizontally in the upper and lower sections of the central filling area (14). A water pipe (17) is provided above the bottom column (13) of the upper layer. Two conveying pipes (18) are provided on the water pipe (17). Multiple nozzles (19) are provided on the two conveying pipes (18). The two conveying pipes (18) pass through the ventilation manhole (15) and the transport roadway (16) and are set on the outer walls of both sides of the central filling area (14). An outer filling area (191) is filled on the outside of the inter-column (11) and the bottom column (1) of this layer. Protective components for fixing the conveying pipes (18) are provided on the outer walls of both sides of the central filling area (14). The protective assembly includes an installation plate (2) fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the central filling area (14). Two protective covers (21) are fixedly and rotatably provided on one side of the installation plate (2). Multiple positioning frames (22) are fixedly provided on one side of the installation plate (2). Bolts (23) are inserted into the ends of the multiple positioning frames (22). A fixing plate (24) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the installation plate (2). Two motors (25) are fixedly provided inside the fixing plate (24). The output ends of the two motors (25) are connected to the rotating shaft of the protective cover (21). The lower section of the central filling area (14) is composed of two right triangles. The upper section of the central filling area (14) is longer than the lower section. A sloping surface (3) is opened on the upper surface of the central filling area (14). The upper end of the central filling area (14) is in contact with the lower surface of the upper bottom column (13). The lower end of the central filling area (14) is in contact with the bottom column (1) of this layer.

2. The continuous mining method for ore extraction with top and bottom pillars as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Water tanks (4) are provided on both sides of the upper end of the external filling area (191). Water pumps are provided in the water tanks (4) and the water pumps are connected to water pipes (17).

3. A top-sill pillar advanced longwall mining method according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that: Deep holes (5) for blasting are opened in the middle of the intermediate column (11), top column (12) and upper bottom column (13).

4. A top-sill pillar advanced longwall continuous mining method according to claim 3, characterised in that: The delivery pipe (18) is located in the middle of the positioning frame (22), and the bolt (23) is threaded with a nut.

5. A top-sill pillar advanced longwall continuous mining method according to claim 4, characterised in that: The mounting plate (2) is provided with multiple mounting holes. Two pairs of fixing blocks are fixed on the side of the mounting plate (2). The rotating shaft on the protective cover (21) is inserted into the fixing blocks.

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