Extrapolation methods, apparatus and equipment for deep domain tomography models

Abstract

This application discloses a method, apparatus, and device for extrapolating a depth domain tomographic model. The method includes: stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of a target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data; determining offset data at various locations in the second region based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data; acquiring initial tomographic model data for the first region of the target stratum, and determining target tomographic model data for the second region based on the initial tomographic model data, the regional boundary data, and the offset data, thereby determining the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum. This method can improve the accuracy, rationality, and practicality of the depth domain tomographic model extrapolated from the target stratum, and improve the modeling and imaging accuracy of the tomographic model at the edge of the target stratum work area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geophysical seismic exploration technology, and in particular to an extrapolation method, apparatus and equipment for a depth domain tomography model. Background Technology

[0002] Depth domain processing, an essential step in seismic data processing, mainly comprises four parts: tomographic reflection information acquisition, ray tracing to establish the tomographic matrix, prior information constraint solving, and post-processing of the inverted model. By processing seismic data, it enables the creation of three-dimensional tomographic models, such as velocity and anisotropic parameters. These models then allow for the analysis and study of geological strata, facilitating oil and gas exploration and development. Therefore, establishing accurate depth domain models (including velocity and anisotropic parameters) and achieving high-precision imaging based on migration is crucial.

[0003] Currently, tomographic inversion algorithms are generally used to invert seismic data. However, due to factors such as data quality and observation system illumination, tomographic inversion algorithms typically perform well in areas with full seismic data coverage, but their accuracy is less than ideal for in areas without full coverage, such as the boundaries of the work area, leading to a decrease in the modeling and imaging quality of these areas. Therefore, in industrial applications, the reliable range of tomographic inversion is usually defined within the full coverage area. For areas without full coverage, considering the accuracy of the velocity model, it is usually obtained by extrapolating the boundary of the full coverage data model to ensure imaging quality at the boundaries.

[0004] However, current boundary extrapolation methods mostly employ constant extrapolation, which uses the boundary of the fully covered area as a known quantity and extrapolates the entire model spatially while keeping the horizontal data unchanged, thus achieving the purpose of extrapolating the three-dimensional data model. This method works well for exploration areas with approximately horizontal geological structures, producing reasonable extrapolation results and high imaging accuracy. However, for exploration areas with non-horizontally developed geological structures, the extrapolation results are usually less accurate, especially as errors accumulate, increasing with depth and decreasing accuracy.

[0005] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this specification is to provide an extrapolation method, apparatus, and device for a deep domain tomography model to solve the problems of low accuracy and large error in existing boundary extrapolation methods.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this specification provides, in its first aspect, a method for extrapolating a deep domain tomography model, comprising: Acquire stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of the target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data; Based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data, the offset data at each location in the second region is determined; The initial tomographic model data of the first region of the target stratum is obtained, and the target tomographic model data of the second region is determined based on the initial tomographic model data, the region boundary data, and the offset data, so as to determine the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum.

[0008] In some embodiments of this specification, determining offset data at various locations in the second region based on the stratigraphic data includes: The stratigraphic data of the second region is extracted from the stratigraphic data of the target stratum and used as the target stratigraphic data. Based on the target stratigraphic data, multiple strata in the second region and the depth values ​​corresponding to different locations in each stratum are determined. Based on the depth values ​​of adjacent locations and adjacent strata in the second region, the vertical offset of each location in the second region is determined as the offset data for each location.

[0009] In some embodiments of this specification, the offset data at each location is determined by the following formula: ; in, i This indicates the coordinates of the target location of the bias data to be determined along the main survey line direction of the target stratum. j This indicates the coordinates of the target location in the direction of the connecting line in the target stratum. k This indicates the coordinates of the target location in the depth direction of the target stratum. Offset data representing the target location; Indicates the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j- The depth value at position 1; Indicates the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location; Indicates the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j- The depth value at position 1; Indicates the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location, This represents the floor operator. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the direction of the connecting line.

[0010] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the target tomographic model data of the target stratum based on the initial tomographic model data, the regional boundary data, and the offset data includes: Based on the regional boundary data and the preset extrapolation interval, the boundary extrapolation parameters corresponding to the second region in the target stratum are determined; The target tomography model data is determined based on the bias data, the boundary extrapolation parameters, and the initial tomography model data.

[0011] In some embodiments of this specification, the boundary extrapolation parameters are determined by the following formula: ; in, , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the connecting line direction. , These represent the minimum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region along the main survey line, respectively. , These represent the maximum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region along the main survey line, respectively. , These represent the minimum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region in the direction of the connecting line, respectively. , represents the maximum boundary value of the first region and the second region in the direction of the connecting line, respectively, and 'a' represents the number of extrapolation coverage windows; , These represent the preset extrapolation intervals in the direction of the connecting line and the main survey line, respectively.

[0012] In some embodiments of this specification, the target tomographic model data includes tomographic model data in the contact line direction, and the target tomographic model data is determined by the following formula: ; in, , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the connecting line direction. g This represents the target tomographic model data. This represents the initial tomography model data; This represents the offset data for the position with coordinate i in the main survey line direction, coordinate j in the connecting line direction, and coordinate k in the depth direction; This indicates the number of extrapolated sampling points along the connecting line direction.

[0013] In some embodiments of this specification, the target tomographic model data includes tomographic model data along the main survey line direction, and the target tomographic model data is determined by the following formula: ; in, , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. g This represents the target tomographic model data. This represents the initial tomography model data; This represents the offset data for the position with coordinate i in the main survey line direction, coordinate j in the connecting line direction, and coordinate k in the depth direction; This indicates the number of extrapolated sampling points along the main survey line.

[0014] In some embodiments of this specification, after determining the target tomography model data, the method further includes: Based on preset smoothing parameters, multiple smoothing windows corresponding to the target tomography model and multiple sampling points within each smoothing window are determined. Based on the differences between the target tomography model data of multiple sampling points within each smoothing window, a portion of the target tomography model data is selected from the target tomography model data of multiple sampling points as the smoothing basis data. Based on the smoothing base data and the smoothing parameters, the target tomography model data is smoothed.

[0015] In some embodiments of this specification, the smoothed target tomographic model data is determined by the following formula: ; in, Indicates the length of the smoothing window. This represents the target tomographic model data at the position i along the main survey line, j along the connecting line, and k along the depth direction after smoothing. This represents the smoothed baseline data filtered out within the smoothing window; , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the direction of the connecting line. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line.

[0016] The second aspect of this specification provides an extrapolation apparatus for a depth domain tomography model, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of the target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data; The offset determination module is used to determine the offset data at each location in the second region based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data. The boundary extrapolation module is used to obtain the initial tomographic model data of the first region of the target stratum, and determine the target tomographic model data of the second region based on the initial tomographic model data, the region boundary data, and the offset data, so as to determine the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum.

[0017] A third aspect of this specification provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor, the processor and the memory being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0018] A fourth aspect of this specification provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions that, when executed, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0019] The extrapolation method for a depth domain tomography model provided in this specification involves acquiring stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of a target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomography model data and a second region with undetermined tomography model data; determining offset data at various locations in the second region based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data; acquiring initial tomography model data for the first region of the target stratum; and determining target tomography model data for the second region based on the initial tomography model data, the regional boundary data, and the offset data, thereby determining the depth domain tomography model of the target stratum. Using the above method, the stratigraphic position information in the target strata can be combined to determine the offset data at each location in the second region. Then, when extrapolating the boundary of the target strata, the stratigraphic position information can be combined to achieve structural extrapolation of the target strata. This can yield target tomographic model data for the second region that is more consistent with the target strata, thereby improving the accuracy, rationality, and practicality of the depth domain tomographic model after the target strata extrapolation. It can also improve the modeling and imaging accuracy of the edge tomographic model of the target strata work area, which is helpful for the subsequent structural interpretation of the target strata and reservoir description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of an extrapolation method for a depth domain tomography model provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of the core displacement experimental system provided in the embodiments of this specification; Figure 3 The figure shown is a schematic diagram of the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the constant extrapolation method; Figure 4 The figure shown is a schematic diagram of the extrapolation velocity model obtained by the extrapolation method of the depth domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification; Figure 5 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the imaging profile corresponding to the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the constant extrapolation method. Figure 6 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the imaging profile corresponding to the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the extrapolation method of the depth domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification. Figure 7The diagram shown is a schematic of an extrapolation device for a depth domain tomography model provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] As mentioned earlier, the extrapolation of tomographic models for the edge areas of the work area, i.e., areas where seismic data does not fully cover the area, is generally achieved by extrapolating the tomographic models for areas with full seismic data coverage using constants. This involves using the boundary of the full-coverage area as a known quantity and spatially extrapolating the entire model while keeping the horizontal data constant, thus achieving the goal of extrapolating a three-dimensional data model. This method works well for exploration areas with approximately horizontal geological structures, producing reasonable extrapolation results and high imaging accuracy. However, for exploration areas with non-horizontally developed geological structures, the extrapolation accuracy is usually lower, especially as errors accumulate, increasing with depth and decreasing accuracy.

[0024] Considering that in depth domain modeling, based on the seismic profile corresponding to the initial model in the time or depth domain, we can estimate the strike of subsurface strata through layer picking or other methods to obtain structural information and gain a preliminary understanding of the structure. Introducing this structural information into the tomographic model extrapolation process enables an extrapolation algorithm along the structure. Therefore, this specification provides an extrapolation method for depth domain tomographic models, combining layer data from the work area to extrapolate the tomographic model along the structure, further improving extrapolation accuracy and enhancing imaging quality in non-full coverage areas. Specifically, by acquiring the layer data and regional boundary data of the target stratum, which includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data; based on the layer data and regional boundary data, offset data at each location in the second region is determined; initial tomographic model data for the first region of the target stratum is acquired, and based on the initial tomographic model data, the regional boundary data, and the offset data, target tomographic model data for the second region is determined to establish the depth domain tomographic model for the target stratum.

[0025] Using the above method, the stratigraphic position information in the target strata can be combined to determine the offset data at each location in the second region. Then, when extrapolating the boundary of the target strata, the stratigraphic position information can be combined to achieve structural extrapolation of the target strata. This can yield target tomographic model data for the second region that is more consistent with the target strata, thereby improving the accuracy, rationality, and practicality of the depth domain tomographic model after the target strata extrapolation. It can also improve the modeling and imaging accuracy of the edge tomographic model of the target strata work area, which is helpful for the subsequent structural interpretation of the target strata and reservoir description.

[0026] The method provided in this application can be executed by an electronic device, which is an electronic device with data computing, processing, and storage capabilities. This electronic device can be a terminal such as a personal computer (PC), tablet computer, smartphone, wearable device, or intelligent robot; or it can be a server. The server can be an independent physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing cloud computing services.

[0027] The extrapolation method for the depth domain tomography model provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of an extrapolation method for a depth domain tomography model provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include: S101: Obtain stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of the target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data.

[0029] It can be understood that stratigraphic position data can be data obtained by structurally interpreting seismic profiles of the target strata using time-domain tomography models or depth-domain initial models, and picking data based on the results of the structural interpretation. Specifically, it can include multiple sets of strata of the target strata and depth values ​​corresponding to different locations in each stratigraphic position along the main survey line and connecting line directions. For example, stratigraphic position data can be obtained through... It means that among them i , j These can represent the positions corresponding to the main survey line direction and the connecting line direction, respectively. n It can represent the first in the target stratum n strata, n The smaller the value, the closer the corresponding stratum is to the surface. S This indicates the depth value corresponding to the stratigraphic level.

[0030] It is understood that the first region for which the tomographic model data has been determined can be a region with full coverage of seismic data for the target strata. The tomographic model data for the first region, i.e., the initial tomographic model referred to below, can be obtained through tomographic inversion, such as tomographic reflection information picking, ray tracing to establish the tomographic matrix, and prior information constraint solving, based on the seismic data of the first region. The second region can be a region with incomplete seismic data coverage. Due to the influence of data quality, observation system illumination, and other factors, the inversion accuracy in this region is relatively low. Therefore, considering the accuracy issue of the tomographic model data, the depth domain tomographic model extrapolation method in the embodiments of this specification is used to extrapolate along the structural boundaries, which can yield high-precision tomographic model data for the second region.

[0031] It can be understood that a tomographic model can be a data model corresponding to velocity parameters, density, porosity, and anisotropic parameters obtained through tomographic inversion methods. The velocity parameters can include shear wave velocity and longitudinal wave velocity. The anisotropic parameters can be, for example, elastic modulus, yield strength, fatigue limit, and fracture toughness.

[0032] It can be understood that regional boundary data can include the first boundary data of the first region and the second boundary data of the second region. Specifically, the regional boundary data for each region can include the minimum and maximum boundaries along the main survey line direction, as well as the minimum and maximum boundaries along the connecting line direction.

[0033] S102: Based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data, determine the offset data at each location in the second region.

[0034] It is understandable that offset data can be interpreted as the offset data of each location in the second region in the depth direction relative to the ground plane, which can be determined by the stratigraphic information of the target stratum.

[0035] Specifically, the offset data can be obtained based on the stratigraphic positions and corresponding depths at various locations along the main survey line and connecting line directions in the stratigraphic information. Each location in the second region can be an extrapolation sampling point within the second region determined based on a preset extrapolation interval. Furthermore, the offset data at each extrapolation sampling point can be determined based on the stratigraphic position information at each extrapolation sampling point. Each extrapolation sampling point can correspond to an extrapolation unit, such as an extrapolation sampling point... It can correspond to one extrapolation unit .

[0036] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the offset data at various locations in the second region based on the stratigraphic data may include: The stratigraphic data of the second region is extracted from the stratigraphic data of the target stratum and used as the target stratigraphic data. Based on the target stratigraphic data, multiple strata in the second region and the depth values ​​corresponding to different locations in each stratum are determined. Based on the depth values ​​of adjacent locations and adjacent strata in the second region, the vertical offset of each location in the second region is determined as the offset data for each location.

[0037] In some embodiments of this specification, the longitudinal offset of each location in the second region is determined as the offset data at each location based on the depth values ​​of adjacent locations and the depth values ​​of adjacent strata in the second region. Specifically, this may include: determining extrapolation units in the second region based on preset extrapolation parameters, such as extrapolation intervals and the number of extrapolation coverage windows; and determining the longitudinal offset corresponding to the extrapolation unit based on the depth values ​​of the extrapolation unit in two adjacent strata in the main survey line direction and / or the connecting line direction, as well as the depth values ​​of the extrapolation unit adjacent to it in the corresponding adjacent strata.

[0038] In some embodiments of this specification, the offset data at each location can be determined using the following formula: Formula (1); in, i It can represent the coordinates of the target location of the bias data to be determined along the main survey line direction of the target stratum. j The coordinates of the target location can be represented by the direction of the connecting line in the target stratum. k This can represent the coordinates of the target location in the depth direction of the target stratum. This can represent the offset data of the target position; It can represent the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j- The depth value at position 1; It can represent the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location; It can represent the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j- The depth value at position 1; It can represent the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location, It can represent the floor operator. , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the direction of the connecting line.

[0039] It is understood that in this embodiment, the determination of the longitudinal offset is based on the depth values ​​of the extrapolation unit in two adjacent strata along the connecting line direction and the depth values ​​of the adjacent extrapolation unit in the corresponding adjacent strata. That is, when calculating a certain extrapolation unit... longitudinal offset At that time, it is through the preceding extrapolation unit adjacent to it in the direction of the connecting line. The depth values ​​of two adjacent strata and the extrapolated unit The depth values ​​of the corresponding two adjacent strata are calculated. Then, based on the calculated vertical offset and the initial tomographic model data and regional boundary data of the first region, the target tomographic model data for the second region can be determined.

[0040] In some embodiments of this specification, the longitudinal offset determined based on the depth values ​​of the extrapolation unit in the direction of the tie line in two adjacent strata and the depth values ​​of the adjacent extrapolation unit in the corresponding adjacent strata can be used as the longitudinal offset of the tie line. Furthermore, the longitudinal offset can also be determined based on the depth values ​​of the extrapolation unit in the direction of the main survey line in two adjacent strata and the depth values ​​of the adjacent extrapolation unit in the corresponding adjacent strata, and used as the longitudinal offset of the main survey line. Specifically, when calculating a certain extrapolation unit... Longitudinal offset of the main measuring line At that time, it is through the preceding extrapolation unit adjacent to it in the main survey line direction. The depth values ​​of two adjacent strata and the extrapolated unit The depth values ​​of the corresponding two adjacent strata are calculated. Then, based on either of the two vertical offset values, combined with the regional boundary data and the initial tomographic model data, the intermediate tomographic model data of the second region can be determined. Then, based on the other vertical offset value, the intermediate tomographic model data, the initial tomographic model data, and the regional boundary data, the target tomographic model data of the second region can be determined.

[0041] In some embodiments of this specification, the longitudinal offset of the main measuring line can be determined by the following formula: Formula (2); in, iIt can represent the coordinates of the target location of the bias data to be determined along the main survey line direction of the target stratum. j The coordinates of the target location can be represented by the direction of the connecting line in the target stratum. k This can represent the coordinates of the target location in the depth direction of the target stratum. This can represent the offset data of the target position; It can represent the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i- 1. The coordinates of the connecting line direction are: j The depth value of the location; It can represent the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location; It can represent the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i- 1. The coordinates of the connecting line direction are: j The depth value of the location; It can represent the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location, It can represent the floor operator. , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the direction of the connecting line.

[0042] S103: Obtain initial tomographic model data for the first region of the target stratum, and determine target tomographic model data for the second region based on the initial tomographic model data, the region boundary data, and the offset data, so as to determine the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum.

[0043] It is understandable that when determining the target tomographic model data for the second region, it can be based on extrapolating the initial tomographic model data by boundary. During the extrapolation process, the boundary data is used as a constraint, and the bias data calculated in step S102 is used to bias the extrapolated tomographic model data. This yields the target tomographic model data, which can then be merged with the initial tomographic model data to obtain the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum. Furthermore, during boundary extrapolation, the second region can be divided into multiple extrapolation units based on a preset extrapolation interval. By calculating the tomographic model data of each extrapolation unit, the target tomographic model data for the second region can be obtained.

[0044] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the target tomographic model data of the target stratum based on the initial tomographic model data, the regional boundary data, and the offset data may include: Based on the regional boundary data and the preset extrapolation interval, the boundary extrapolation parameters corresponding to the second region in the target stratum are determined; The target tomography model data is determined based on the bias data, the boundary extrapolation parameters, and the initial tomography model data.

[0045] It can be understood that the boundary extrapolation parameters can be interpreted as the number of extrapolations from the boundary of the first region to the boundary of the second region. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of the target tomographic model of the second region obtained after extrapolation, boundary extrapolation can begin at the initial stage of the extrapolation process, starting from the boundary of the first region. That is, the extrapolation algorithm can cover a portion of the boundary of the first region into the region to be extrapolated, and this portion can be considered the extrapolation coverage area. Moreover, when determining the boundary extrapolation parameters, relevant parameters of the preset extrapolation coverage area can be combined, such as the preset number of extrapolation coverage windows. The number of extrapolation coverage windows can also be understood as the extrapolation units within the covered first region. The extrapolation units within the covered first region can be at least one extrapolation unit located at the edge of the first region and connected to the second region, thereby improving extrapolation accuracy.

[0046] In some embodiments of this specification, the boundary extrapolation parameters can be determined by the following formula: Formula (3); in, , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the connecting line direction. , These can represent the minimum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region along the main survey line, respectively. , The maximum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region along the main survey line can be represented respectively. , These can represent the minimum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region in the direction of the connecting line, respectively; , The maximum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region in the direction of the connecting line can be represented respectively, and 'a' can represent the number of extrapolation coverage windows. , These can represent the preset extrapolation intervals in the direction of the connecting line and the direction of the main survey line, respectively.

[0047] In some embodiments of this specification, the target tomographic model data includes tomographic model data in the direction of the connecting line, and the target tomographic model data can be determined by the following formula: Formula (4); in, , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the connecting line direction. g It can represent target tomographic model data. It can represent the initial tomographic model data; It can represent the offset data of the position with coordinate i in the main survey line direction, coordinate j in the connecting line direction, and coordinate k in the depth direction; It can represent the number of extrapolated sampling points in the direction of the connecting line.

[0048] It is understandable that the extrapolated number of sampling points in the direction of the connecting line is... This can be calculated using the maximum and minimum boundaries of the first region along the connecting line direction. The specific calculation method is as follows: ,in, , These can be represented as the maximum and minimum boundaries along the connecting lines of the first region, respectively. dxl It can represent the extrapolation interval of the direction of the connecting line.

[0049] In some embodiments of this specification, the target tomographic model data includes tomographic model data along the main survey line direction, and the target tomographic model data can be determined by the following formula: Formula (5); in, , These can represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. g It can represent target tomographic model data. It can represent the initial tomographic model data; It can represent the offset data of the position with coordinate i in the main survey line direction, coordinate j in the connecting line direction, and coordinate k in the depth direction; It can represent the number of extrapolated sampling points along the main survey line direction.

[0050] It is understandable that the extrapolated number of sampling points along the main survey line direction... This can be calculated using the maximum and minimum boundaries of the first region along the main survey line. The specific calculation method is as follows: ,in, , These can be represented as the maximum and minimum boundaries along the connecting lines of the first region, respectively. dil It can represent the extrapolation interval of the main survey line direction.

[0051] In some embodiments of this specification, the target tomographic model data obtained after extrapolation may exhibit boundary abrupt changes, affecting the imaging quality of the tomographic model. Therefore, after extrapolating the target tomographic model data, local time window smoothing processing can be performed on the target tomographic model data to further optimize the extrapolation effect, improve the extrapolation quality of the tomographic model, and achieve high-precision three-dimensional tomographic model data extrapolation along the structure.

[0052] In some embodiments of this specification, after determining the target tomography model data, the following may also be included: Based on preset smoothing parameters, multiple smoothing windows corresponding to the target tomography model and multiple sampling points within each smoothing window are determined. Based on the differences between the target tomography model data of multiple sampling points within each smoothing window, a portion of the target tomography model data is selected from the target tomography model data of multiple sampling points as the smoothing basis data. Based on the smoothing base data and the smoothing parameters, the target tomography model data is smoothed.

[0053] Specifically, when screening the basic data for smoothing, one can select the target tomographic model data of sampling points within the smoothing window that do not show abrupt changes, or one can select the target tomographic model data that meets the variation pattern of multiple sampling points in the second region based on the size and size variation relationship of the target tomographic model data of multiple sampling points within the smoothing window for subsequent smoothing calculations.

[0054] In some embodiments of this specification, the smoothed target tomographic model data can be determined using the following formula: Formula (6); in, Indicates the length of the smoothing window. This represents the target tomographic model data at the position i along the main survey line, j along the connecting line, and k along the depth direction after smoothing. This represents the smoothed baseline data filtered out within the smoothing window; , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the direction of the connecting line. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line.

[0055] The extrapolation method for the depth-domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification extracts a large set of stratigraphic horizon information from the seismic profile corresponding to the time-domain tomography model or the initial depth-domain model. Based on the stratigraphic horizon information, it performs structural extrapolation of the corresponding 3D data model along the structure. Simultaneously, considering the data abrupt changes caused by boundary extrapolation during the extrapolation process, a local time-window smoothing algorithm is introduced to further optimize the extrapolation effect, improve the model extrapolation quality, and achieve high-quality 3D data model structural extrapolation. This method can effectively improve the accuracy and rationality of the extrapolated part of the model after tomographic inversion, thereby improving the accuracy of boundary modeling and imaging in the work area, enhancing imaging quality, and contributing to subsequent structural interpretation and reservoir description. It is stable, efficient, and highly practical, providing technical support for depth-domain modeling and imaging.

[0056] The following section, using a specific region as an example, further describes the extrapolation method of the depth domain tomography model in one embodiment of this specification.

[0057] The extrapolation method for the deep domain tomography model in this embodiment may include the following steps: Step 1: Perform structural interpretation using the seismic profile corresponding to the time-domain velocity model or the initial depth-domain model to obtain stratigraphic information. ,in i, j This indicates the location corresponding to the direction of the main survey line and connecting lines, n represents the nth set of strata picked, and S represents the depth value corresponding to the stratum. In this embodiment, the picked stratum information can be as follows: Figure 2 As shown, a total of five layers, S1-S5, were selected.

[0058] Step 2: Define the data range before extrapolation as follows , ,in and These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the full coverage area along the main survey line (i.e., the first region mentioned above); where... and These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the full coverage area in the direction of the connecting line, respectively. In this embodiment... , , , .

[0059] Step 3: Define the extrapolated data range as follows , ,in and These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the area corresponding to the extrapolation along the main survey line (including areas with and without full coverage); where... and These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the full coverage area in the direction of the connecting line, respectively. , , , .

[0060] Step 4: Define the extrapolation intervals for the main survey line and the connecting line as follows: and The number of coverage windows is a. Therefore, based on the aforementioned formula (3), the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary before extrapolation to the minimum boundary after extrapolation in the direction of the connecting line, the number of extrapolations from the maximum boundary before extrapolation to the maximum boundary after extrapolation, and the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary before extrapolation to the minimum boundary after extrapolation in the direction of the main survey line, and the number of extrapolations from the maximum boundary before extrapolation to the maximum boundary after extrapolation, can be calculated. a =10, , .

[0061] Step 5: Define the data volume before extrapolation as The data volume can be understood as the torsion model data, in which , , These represent the positions of the main survey line, connecting line, and depth direction in the data model before extrapolation, respectively. , , These represent the number of main survey lines, connecting lines, and depth-direction sampling points in the data model before extrapolation. The calculation method for the number of main survey lines and connecting lines before extrapolation is as follows: , In this embodiment, .

[0062] Step 6: Define the extrapolated data volume as ,in , , These represent the positions of the main survey line, connecting line, and depth direction in the extrapolated data model, respectively. , , These represent the number of sampling points along the main survey line, connecting lines, and depth direction in the extrapolated data model. Consistent with the model before extrapolation, i.e. The method for calculating the number of main survey lines and connecting lines in the extrapolated 3D data model is as follows: , .

[0063] Step 7: Define each point in the extrapolation range As an extrapolation unit, the longitudinal offset of each extrapolation unit is calculated based on the layer information. Specifically, it can be calculated using formula (1) and / or formula (2) mentioned above. In this embodiment, the calculation method in formula (1) is used as an example for explanation.

[0064] Step 8: Based on the data from Steps 1 to 7 above, and the formula (4) above, perform the extrapolation of the connection line direction data model along the structure.

[0065] Step 9: Based on step 8, use formula (5) from the previous text to extrapolate the main survey line direction data model along the structure.

[0066] The three-dimensional data model can be completed through the aforementioned steps 1 to 9. Extrapolation along the structure under the constraints of the layer is used to obtain the extrapolated data volume. .

[0067] Step 10: Define the smoothing window len and the extrapolated data volume. Smoothing is performed to further optimize the extrapolation effect. The specific smoothing algorithm can be implemented using formula (6) mentioned above. Where len=10.

[0068] The technical effects of the extrapolation method for the depth domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0069] Figure 3 The figure shown is a schematic diagram of the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the constant extrapolation method.

[0070] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic of the extrapolation velocity model obtained by the extrapolation method of the depth domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification.

[0071] Figure 5 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the imaging profile corresponding to the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the constant extrapolation method.

[0072] Figure 6 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the imaging profile corresponding to the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the extrapolation method of the depth domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, the extrapolated velocity model obtained using the constant extrapolation method, due to the lack of consideration for tectonic morphology, exhibits horizontally unchanged velocity values ​​within the extrapolated range, resulting in a low degree of matching with the tectonic structure. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the extrapolated velocity model obtained using the extrapolation method of the depth domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification, under the constraint of layer position, shows high accuracy with the structure of the extrapolated velocity range. Figure 5 As shown, the imaging profile corresponding to the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the constant extrapolation method suffers from poor boundary imaging and discontinuous imaging due to the use of constant extrapolation. Segment differences appear between segments, especially as depth increases, where these segment differences become increasingly larger. For example... Figure 5 The image at the circle in the image. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the imaging profile corresponding to the extrapolated velocity model obtained by the extrapolation method of the depth domain tomography model in the embodiments of this specification has higher accuracy and better boundary imaging due to the use of structural extrapolation. In particular, the imaging quality on both sides of the deep region is significantly improved. For example, Figure 6 The image at the center circle is compared to Figure 5 The text appears more coherent.

[0074] This application also provides an extrapolation device for a depth domain tomography model. Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of an extrapolation device 700 for a depth domain tomography model provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the device may include: The data acquisition module 701 is used to acquire stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of the target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data.

[0075] The offset determination module 702 is used to determine the offset data at each location in the second region based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data.

[0076] The boundary extrapolation module 703 is used to acquire the initial tomographic model data of the first region of the target stratum, and determine the target tomographic model data of the second region based on the initial tomographic model data, the region boundary data and the offset data, so as to determine the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum.

[0077] The descriptions and functions of the above modules can be understood by referring to the section on extrapolation methods for deep domain tomography models, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] This application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 801 and a memory 802, wherein the processor 801 and the memory 802 may be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 8 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0079] Processor 801 can be a central processing unit (CPU). Processor 801 can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or combinations of the above types of chips.

[0080] Memory 802, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the extrapolation method of the deep domain tomography model in this embodiment of the invention (e.g., Figure 7 The data acquisition module 701, bias determination module 702, and boundary extrapolation module 703 are shown. The processor 801 executes various functions and data processing by running non-transient software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 802, thereby realizing the core wettability extrapolation method in the above method embodiment.

[0081] The memory 802 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created by the processor 801, etc. Furthermore, the memory 802 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 802 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor 801, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 801 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0082] The one or more modules are stored in the memory 802, and when executed by the processor 801, they perform the following: Figure 1 The extrapolation method for the depth domain tomography model in the illustrated embodiment.

[0083] The specific details of the aforementioned electronic device can be understood by referring to the relevant descriptions and effects in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0084] This specification also provides a computer storage medium storing computer program instructions, which, when executed, implement the steps of the extrapolation method for the deep domain tomography model described above.

[0085] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid-state drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory.

[0086] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. For the same or similar parts between the various embodiments, please refer to each other. The focus of each embodiment is to describe the differences from other embodiments.

[0087] The systems, devices, modules, or units described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or entities, or by products with certain functions.

[0088] For ease of description, the above devices are described separately by function as various units. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0089] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute certain parts of the methods of various embodiments of this application.

[0090] This application can be used in a wide variety of general-purpose or special-purpose computer system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics devices, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices, etc.

[0091] This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, that are executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0092] Although this application has been described through embodiments, those skilled in the art will know that this application has many modifications and variations without departing from the spirit of this application, and it is intended that the appended claims cover such modifications and variations without departing from the spirit of this application.

Claims

1. An extrapolation method for a deep domain tomography model, characterized in that, include: Acquire stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of the target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data; Based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data, the offset data at each location in the second region is determined; The initial tomographic model data of the first region of the target stratum is obtained, and the target tomographic model data of the second region is determined based on the initial tomographic model data, the region boundary data, and the offset data, so as to determine the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum. Based on the stratigraphic data, the offset data at each location in the second region is determined, including: The stratigraphic data of the second region is extracted from the stratigraphic data of the target stratum and used as the target stratigraphic data. Based on the target stratigraphic data, multiple strata in the second region and the depth values ​​corresponding to different locations in each stratum are determined. Based on the depth values ​​of adjacent locations and adjacent strata in the second region, the vertical offset of each location in the second region is determined as the offset data for each location.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The offset data at each location is determined by the following formula: ； in, i This indicates the coordinates of the target location of the bias data to be determined along the main survey line direction of the target stratum. j This indicates the coordinates of the target location in the direction of the connecting line in the target stratum. k This indicates the coordinates of the target location in the depth direction of the target stratum. Offset data representing the target location; Indicates the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j- The depth value at position 1; Indicates the first n The coordinates of the main survey line direction in each stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location; Indicates the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j- The depth value at position 1; Indicates the first n- The coordinates of the main survey line direction in one stratum are: i The coordinates of the connecting line direction are j The depth value of the location, This represents the floor operator. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the direction of the connecting line.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the initial tomographic model data, the regional boundary data, and the offset data, the target tomographic model data for the target stratum is determined, including: Based on the regional boundary data and the preset extrapolation interval, the boundary extrapolation parameters corresponding to the second region in the target stratum are determined; The target tomography model data is determined based on the bias data, the boundary extrapolation parameters, and the initial tomography model data.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The boundary extrapolation parameters are determined by the following formula: ； in, , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the connecting line direction. , These represent the minimum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region along the main survey line, respectively. , These represent the maximum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region along the main survey line, respectively. , These represent the minimum boundary values ​​of the first region and the second region in the direction of the connecting line, respectively. , represents the maximum boundary value of the first region and the second region in the direction of the connecting line, respectively, and 'a' represents the number of extrapolation coverage windows; , These represent the preset extrapolation intervals in the direction of the connecting line and the main survey line, respectively.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The target tomographic model data includes tomographic model data along the connecting line direction, and the target tomographic model data is determined by the following formula: ； in, , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the connecting line direction. g This represents the target tomographic model data. This represents the initial tomography model data; This represents the offset data for the position with coordinate i in the main survey line direction, coordinate j in the connecting line direction, and coordinate k in the depth direction; This indicates the number of extrapolated sampling points along the connecting line direction.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The target tomographic model data includes tomographic model data along the main survey line, and the target tomographic model data is determined by the following formula: ； in, , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line. g This represents the target tomographic model data. This represents the initial tomography model data; This represents the offset data for the position with coordinate i in the main survey line direction, coordinate j in the connecting line direction, and coordinate k in the depth direction; This indicates the number of extrapolated sampling points along the main survey line.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the target tomography model data, the process also includes: Based on preset smoothing parameters, multiple smoothing windows corresponding to the target tomography model and multiple sampling points within each smoothing window are determined. Based on the differences between the target tomography model data of multiple sampling points within each smoothing window, a portion of the target tomography model data is selected from the target tomography model data of multiple sampling points as the smoothing basis data. Based on the smoothing base data and the smoothing parameters, the target tomography model data is smoothed.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The smoothed target tomographic model data is determined by the following formula: ； in, Indicates the length of the smoothing window. This represents the target tomographic model data at the position i along the main survey line, j along the connecting line, and k along the depth direction after smoothing. This represents the smoothed baseline data filtered out within the smoothing window. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the direction of the connecting line. , These represent the number of extrapolations from the minimum boundary of the first region to the minimum boundary of the second region, and from the maximum boundary of the first region to the maximum boundary of the second region, respectively, along the main survey line.

9. An extrapolation device for a depth domain tomography model, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire stratigraphic data and regional boundary data of the target stratum, wherein the target stratum includes a first region with determined tomographic model data and a second region with undetermined tomographic model data; The offset determination module is used to determine the offset data at each location in the second region based on the stratigraphic data and the regional boundary data. The boundary extrapolation module is used to obtain the initial tomographic model data of the first region of the target stratum, and determine the target tomographic model data of the second region based on the initial tomographic model data, the region boundary data, and the offset data, so as to determine the depth domain tomographic model of the target stratum. Based on the stratigraphic data, the offset data at each location in the second region is determined, including: The stratigraphic data of the second region is extracted from the stratigraphic data of the target stratum and used as the target stratigraphic data. Based on the target stratigraphic data, multiple strata in the second region and the depth values ​​corresponding to different locations in each stratum are determined. Based on the depth values ​​of adjacent locations and adjacent strata in the second region, the vertical offset of each location in the second region is determined as the offset data for each location.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor, the processor and the memory being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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