Holographic antenna and electronic device
By introducing isolation and support components into the holographic antenna, the problem of mutual coupling between elements in a tightly arranged configuration is solved, improving the antenna's isolation and radiation performance, and achieving more efficient signal radiation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-10-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
In holographic antennas with closely spaced elements, surface wave coupling between elements is severe, leading to pattern deterioration and reduced antenna efficiency.
In a holographic antenna, isolation components and support components are introduced. The isolation components are formed with a specific pattern on a dielectric substrate to isolate adjacent antenna elements, while the support components provide a stable structure and reduce mutual coupling.
Effective isolation of mutual coupling between adjacent antenna elements improves antenna isolation and radiation performance, reduces losses, and enhances overall antenna efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN118318354B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a holographic antenna and electronic device. Background Technology
[0002] As the terminal equipment in most wireless communication systems, the performance of antennas is crucial to the overall system performance. With technological advancements, the demands on antenna performance are increasing. Besides high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas often require low profile, light weight, and conformal characteristics. While reflector antennas, phased array antennas, and lens antennas can achieve high gain, they each have significant disadvantages. For example, reflector antennas require a spatial illumination source, greatly increasing their profile; phased array antennas have extremely complex feed networks, making design difficult and costly; and lens antennas, already having a high profile, have their profile further increased by the addition of an illumination source. Holographic antennas, as a high-gain antenna, can simultaneously meet the requirements of low profile and light weight, making them well-suited to current applications and possessing great development potential. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a holographic antenna and electronic device.
[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a holographic antenna, comprising a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a waveguide structure, a radiating layer, and a plurality of switching units; the first dielectric substrate is disposed on a waveguide opening of the waveguide structure; the radiating layer is disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the waveguide structure, and the radiating layer has a plurality of slit openings; the second dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the radiating layer facing away from the first dielectric substrate; the plurality of switching units are disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiating layer, and are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the slit openings; wherein,
[0005] The holographic antenna further includes a plurality of isolation components disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiating layer; the orthographic projection of the isolation component on the first dielectric substrate is a first pattern, and the orthographic projection of the slit opening on the first dielectric substrate is a second pattern; there is at least one first pattern between two adjacent second patterns, and there is a first spacing between the second pattern and the nearest first pattern.
[0006] The holographic antenna further includes a plurality of support components disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiating layer; the support components and the isolation components are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence; and the isolation components are disposed on the side of the corresponding support component closer to the second dielectric substrate.
[0007] The support component includes a conductive material.
[0008] The first pattern and the second pattern are alternately arranged.
[0009] The plurality of slit openings are arranged side by side along a first direction, and the isolation assembly includes a plurality of sub-isolation members arranged side by side and spaced apart along the first direction.
[0010] Wherein, the slit opening extends along the second direction, and the length direction of each of the sub-isolation members is the second direction.
[0011] The holographic antenna further includes a plurality of support components disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiating layer. Each support component includes a first sub-support and a second sub-support, and the isolation component is disposed between the first sub-support and the second sub-support.
[0012] The slit opening extends along a second direction, and the isolation assembly includes a plurality of sub-isolation members arranged side by side and spaced apart along the second direction.
[0013] The adjacent sub-isolation components in the isolation assembly have a second spacing; the distance value of the second spacing is less than or equal to 0.2 wavelengths.
[0014] The slit opening extends along a second direction, and for any second pattern, there are first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction.
[0015] Wherein, for any second pattern, the first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction are a first isolation pattern and a second isolation pattern, respectively; the first isolation pattern has a first side opposite to the second pattern, and the distance between the first side and the second pattern is greater as the position of the first side is closer to its midpoint; and / or, the second isolation pattern has a second side opposite to the second pattern, and the distance between the second side and the second pattern is greater as the position of the second side is closer to its midpoint.
[0016] Wherein, for any second pattern, the two first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction are symmetrically arranged with a straight line passing through the center of the second pattern and extending along the second direction as the axis of symmetry.
[0017] The first pattern has a first side that is opposite to the second pattern, and the first side is an arc or a broken line.
[0018] Wherein, for any second pattern, the two first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction are mutually symmetrical about the center of rotation of the second pattern.
[0019] The first pattern has a first part and a second part; the first part extends in the second direction, and the second part is connected to one end of the first part and points towards the second pattern.
[0020] Wherein, the distance value of the first spacing is not less than 0.1 medium wavelengths.
[0021] The switching unit includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the second dielectric substrate, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode.
[0022] The radiation layer is reused as the first electrode; the second electrode of each of the switching units is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the slit opening.
[0023] The switching unit further includes a control transistor; the drain of the control transistor is electrically connected to the second electrode, the source is electrically connected to the driving voltage line, and the gate is electrically connected to the control line.
[0024] The isolation component is disposed in the same layer as the second electrode.
[0025] Secondly, according to embodiments of this disclosure, an electronic device is disclosed, which includes any of the holographic antennas described above. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (first example).
[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The top view of the holographic antenna shown.
[0028] Figure 3 This is a top view of a holographic antenna, representing another (second example) embodiment of this disclosure.
[0029] Figure 4 This is an electric field distribution diagram at the slit opening position of the holographic antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0030] Figure 5 This is a top view of a holographic antenna, representing another (third example) embodiment of this disclosure.
[0031] Figure 6 This is a top view of a holographic antenna, representing a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0032] Figure 7 This is a top view of a holographic antenna in the first case of the fifth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0033] Figure 8 This is a top view of a holographic antenna in the second case of the fifth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0034] Figure 9 This is a top view of the holographic antenna in the third case of the fifth example of the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation
[0035] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0036] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.
[0037] The concept of a holographic antenna originates from the principle of optical holography. This principle involves the interference of a target wave and a reference wave to form an interference surface, and then the target wave is obtained by inverting the interference surface by illuminating it with the reference wave. The advent of metamaterials has made it possible to realize holographic antennas in the microwave band. A holographic antenna system consists only of a holographic surface and a feed source, making its structure very simple. The feed source typically uses a horn antenna, monopole antenna, or slot antenna, eliminating the need for a complex feeding network. However, to reduce the profile, monopole antennas or slot antennas are often used as feed sources. The holographic surface mainly consists of a dielectric substrate and a periodically distributed array of metal patches, making it simple to fabricate and inexpensive. In designing the holographic surface, the desired holographic surface can be obtained simply by calculating the expression for the interference field formed by the interference of the target field and the reference field, and then designing the distribution of the metal patches accordingly. The design process is very simple. If different target waves are obtained, the target field expression can simply be substituted back into the above process. This simplicity and flexibility in design is another major advantage of holographic antennas. In addition, holographic antennas are easy to conform to, and their performance is not significantly affected when attached to curved surfaces such as spheres and cylinders, making them very suitable for use on objects such as aircraft and missile seekers.
[0038] Reconfigurability, a new requirement for modern antennas, can greatly improve antenna reusability and reduce the cost and complexity of antenna systems. For example, a frequency-reconfigurable antenna can operate at several frequencies; a polarization-reconfigurable antenna can achieve multiple polarization modes; and a beam-reconfigurable antenna can switch between multiple beam directions, possessing the functionality of a phased-array scanning array. If a holographic antenna adopts reconfigurable elements and possesses reconfigurability, a single holographic surface can achieve multiple functions such as beam scanning, multi-beam synthesis, and polarization reconfiguration, demonstrating enormous application potential. In some examples, switching units corresponding to the slit openings are placed on the side of the radiating layer with slit openings of the holographic antenna away from the waveguide structure. By controlling the switching states of the switching units at each slit opening position, beam reconfiguration can be achieved.
[0039] However, since the basic principle of holographic antennas is to treat the simulated interference pattern as a discrete set of unit switches, in order to reproduce the simulated interference pattern as accurately as possible, the antenna elements need to be arranged as densely as possible, typically much smaller than 0.5 free wavelengths. Such a dense arrangement results in very severe surface wave coupling between the elements, causing a deterioration of the radiation pattern. Moreover, surface waves cause losses, further degrading antenna efficiency.
[0040] To address the aforementioned problems, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions.
[0041] Firstly, Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a holographic antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the holographic antenna shown; combined with Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment of the present disclosure provides a holographic antenna, which includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 30, a waveguide structure 20, a radiating layer 11, a plurality of switching units 40, and a plurality of isolation components 50. The first dielectric substrate 10 is disposed on the waveguide port of the waveguide structure 20, the radiating layer 11 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 opposite to the waveguide structure 20, the second dielectric substrate 30 is disposed on the side of the first radiating layer 11 opposite to the first dielectric substrate 10, and is spaced apart from the radiating layer 11. The plurality of switching units 40 and the plurality of isolation components 50 are disposed between the second dielectric substrate 30 and the radiating layer 11.
[0042] In this embodiment, a plurality of slit openings 111 on the radiating layer 11 can be arranged side by side along a first direction X, and the switching unit 40 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the slit opening 111. The isolation component 50 can be disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10 or on the radiating layer 11. The orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a first pattern, and the orthographic projection of the slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern; there is at least one first pattern between two adjacent second patterns, and there is a first spacing between the second pattern and the nearest first pattern. That is, at least one isolation component 50 is disposed at a position corresponding to the position of adjacent slit openings 111.
[0043] In this embodiment, the holographic antenna can be divided into multiple antenna elements. Each antenna element includes a slit opening 111 of the radiating layer 11 and a switching unit 40 corresponding to the slit opening 111. The received microwave signal is radiated through the slit opening 111 of the radiating layer 11 by the waveguide structure 20. The direction of the wave radiated by each antenna element is controlled by controlling the switching state of each switching unit 40, thereby shaping the beam radiated by the holographic antenna. In particular, in this embodiment, at least one isolation component 50 is provided at the position between adjacent slit openings 111, that is, at least one isolation component 50 is provided at the position between adjacent antenna elements. The isolation component 50 can effectively isolate the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna elements, which helps to improve the isolation between adjacent antenna elements.
[0044] In some examples, the switching unit 40 in this disclosure embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal switch, a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode (Varactor), a MEMS switch, etc.
[0045] When the switching unit 40 is a PIN diode or a variable reactance diode (Varactor), the PIN diode or Varactor can be integrated with the slit opening 111 to achieve dual-value or continuous amplitude control capability. For example, taking the switching unit 40 as an example using a PIN diode, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is controlled to control the forward / reverse bias of the PIN diode. When the slit opening 111 needs to be in the open state, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is greater than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode conducts; when the slit opening 111 needs to be in the closed state, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is less than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned off.
[0046] When the switching unit 40 is a MEMS switch, the second dielectric substrate 30 is a flexible substrate. A patch electrode is disposed on the flexible substrate, and the patch electrode is disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with the slit opening 111. At this time, by applying a voltage to the patch electrode 34, the distance between the patch electrode and the slit opening 111 is adjusted under the action of the electric field force, thereby realizing continuous control of the radiation amplitude of the radio frequency signal.
[0047] In this embodiment, the switching unit 40 is used as an example of a liquid crystal switch. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The liquid crystal switch includes a first electrode 401 disposed on a first dielectric substrate 10, a second electrode 402 disposed on a second dielectric substrate 30, and a liquid crystal layer 403 disposed between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402. In one example, the radiating layer 11 can be reused as the first electrode 401 of the liquid crystal switch. In one example, the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switch unit 40 is shared, that is, the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switch unit 40 is connected into a single structure. The second electrode 402 in each switch unit 40 and the corresponding slit opening 111 have overlapping projections on the first dielectric substrate 10. For example, the projection of the second electrode 402 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a fourth pattern, which spans the width of a second pattern. For any switch unit 40, after applying a driving voltage to the second electrode 402, an electric field is formed between the first electrode 401 and the radiating layer 11, causing the liquid crystal molecules to deflect, changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules, and thus changing the resonant frequency, thereby adjusting the emission direction of the microwave signal.
[0048] Furthermore, each switching unit 40 includes not only the aforementioned structure but also a control transistor. The drain of the control transistor is electrically connected to the second electrode 402, the source of the control transistor is electrically connected to the drive voltage line, and the gate of the control transistor is connected to the control signal line. In this case, the voltage applied to the second electrode 402 can be controlled by controlling the conduction state of the control transistor. Even further, the gate of the control transistor in each switching unit 40 is electrically connected to a control signal line. Therefore, the switching state of each switching unit 40 can be controlled simply by controlling the control voltage written to the drive voltage line of each control transistor. This connection method simplifies wiring and is easy to implement. Additionally, the reduction in the number of control lines facilitates the arrangement of the isolation component 50, providing more space for its installation.
[0049] Furthermore, when the isolation component 50 is disposed on the second dielectric substrate 30, the second dielectric substrate 30 can be disposed on the same layer as the second electrode 402 of each switching unit 40 and made of the same material. That is to say, the isolation component 50 and the second electrode 402 can be fabricated in a single process without increasing the process cost or the overall thickness of the holographic antenna.
[0050] In some examples, the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is a first pattern, and the orthographic projection of the slit opening 111 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern. The first spacing between the second pattern and its nearest first pattern is one-quarter of the dielectric wavelength. This arrangement ensures that the microwave signal radiated from the slit opening 111 is not affected by the isolation component 50 and cannot be emitted. Since the first spacing between the second pattern and its nearest first pattern is one-quarter of the dielectric wavelength, a glass substrate with the highest possible dielectric constant is required for both the first and second dielectric substrates 10 and 30. Preferably, a glass substrate with a dielectric constant of 4 to 16 is selected. A high dielectric constant of the glass substrate helps the antenna maintain narrowband characteristics, increases the antenna's switching ratio, and facilitates the switching control of the switching unit 40 in the antenna element under different beams.
[0051] Of course, if the spacing between antenna elements cannot satisfy the requirement that the first spacing between the second pattern and the nearest first pattern is one-quarter of the dielectric wavelength, then the first spacing between the second pattern and the nearest first pattern should be no less than 0.1 dielectric wavelengths to ensure the radiation performance of the antenna.
[0052] In some examples, the slit opening 111 in the radiation layer 11 can be any shape, such as a rectangular opening, an elliptical opening, an L-shaped opening, or a T-shaped opening. In the disclosed embodiment, taking a rectangular opening 111 as an example, the length direction of the rectangular opening is the second direction Y, and the width direction is the first direction X.
[0053] In some examples, refer to Figure 2 In addition to the isolation components 50 being provided between adjacent slit openings 111, isolation components 50 are also provided at the positions corresponding to the side of the first slit opening 111 away from the second slit opening 111 and at the positions corresponding to the side of the last slit opening 111 away from the penultimate slit opening 111. In this case, microwave signal loss at both ends of the radiation layer 11 can be effectively avoided.
[0054] In some examples, Figure 3 This is a top view of another holographic antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 3 As shown, the isolation assembly 50 may consist of a plurality of sub-isolation members 501 arranged side by side along the first direction X. Figure 5 This is a top view of another holographic antenna according to an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 5 As shown, the isolation component 50 may also consist of a plurality of sub-isolation members 501 arranged at intervals along the second direction Y.
[0055] When the isolation assembly 50 is composed of a plurality of sub-isolation members 501 arranged side by side along the first direction X, the length direction of the plurality of sub-isolation members 501 can be the same as the length direction of the slit opening 111, that is, the sub-isolation members 501 extend along the second direction Y. This arrangement is because... Figure 4 The electric field distribution on both sides of the slit opening 111 along its length direction, as shown, allows this arrangement to effectively isolate adjacent antenna elements and reduce mutual coupling. Furthermore, when the isolation assembly 50 consists of multiple sub-isolators 501 arranged side-by-side along the first direction X, mutual coupling can be further reduced. In this embodiment, the isolation assembly includes two sub-isolators 501 as an example.
[0056] When the isolation assembly 50 is composed of multiple sub-isolators 501 arranged side by side along the second direction Y, the sub-isolators 501 can be metal pillars. The adjacent sub-isolators 501 have a second spacing S, where S≤0.2 wavelength. In this case, the isolation assembly 50 composed of multiple sub-isolators 501 is equivalent to a metal strip and can achieve electromagnetic wave isolation.
[0057] In some examples, the isolation component 50 can be linear, in which case the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is rectangular. Of course, the isolation component 50 can be irregular, in which case the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 has a first side close to the second pattern, and the first side can be arc-shaped or broken line.
[0058] In some examples, the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 30 can be glass-based, or they can be PCB, PET, or polymer low-loss dielectric materials.
[0059] In some examples, the materials of the radiation layer 11 and the isolation component 50 are metallic materials, including but not limited to copper.
[0060] To better illustrate the specific structure and location of the holographic antenna and the isolation component 50 in the embodiments of this disclosure, the following description is provided in conjunction with specific examples.
[0061] First example: Combination Figure 1 and 2As shown, the holographic antenna includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 30, a waveguide structure 20, a radiating layer 11, multiple switching units 40, multiple isolation components 50, and multiple support components 60. The first dielectric substrate 10 is disposed on the waveguide opening of the waveguide structure 20. The radiating layer 11 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 opposite to the waveguide structure 20. The second dielectric substrate 30 is disposed on the side of the first radiating layer 11 opposite to the first dielectric substrate 10 and is spaced apart from the radiating layer 11. The multiple switching units 40, multiple isolation components 50, and multiple support components 60 are disposed between the second dielectric substrate 30 and the radiating layer 11.
[0062] In this example, multiple slit openings 111 on the radiating layer 11 can be arranged side-by-side along the first direction X, and the switching unit 40 is arranged one-to-one with each slit opening 111. The switching unit 40 is a liquid crystal switch, which includes a first electrode 401 disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10, a second electrode 402 disposed on the second dielectric substrate 30, and a liquid crystal layer 403 disposed between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402. In one example, the radiating layer 11 can be reused as the first electrode 401 of the liquid crystal switch. In one example, the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switching unit 40 is shared, that is, the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switching unit 40 is connected into a single structure. The second electrode 402 in each switching unit 40 and the orthographic projection of the corresponding slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap. The isolation component 50 is disposed on the second dielectric substrate 30, disposed in the same layer as the second electrode 402, and is arranged one-to-one with the support component 60. The support component 60 is located on the side of the corresponding isolation component 50 away from the second dielectric substrate 30 and abuts against the radiating layer 11. The orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a first pattern, and the orthographic projection of the slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern; there is at least one first pattern between two adjacent second patterns, and there is a first spacing between the second pattern and the nearest first pattern. That is, at least one isolation component 50 is disposed at a position between adjacent slit openings 111.
[0063] It should be noted that when the support component 60 is disposed on the side of the corresponding isolation component 50 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 30, the area of the support component 60 projected onto the second dielectric substrate 30 is smaller than the area of the corresponding isolation component 50 projected onto the second dielectric substrate 30. This facilitates the formation of the support component 60 on the isolation component 50 and ensures stable contact between the isolation component 50 and the support component 60, thereby maintaining the cell thickness between the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 30.
[0064] In this example, isolation components 50 are provided not only at positions corresponding to adjacent slit openings 111, but also at positions corresponding to the side of the first slit opening 111 away from the second slit opening 111, and at positions corresponding to the side of the last slit opening 111 away from the penultimate slit opening 111. That is, in this example, the isolation components 50 and the first and second orthographic projection patterns of the slit openings 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are alternately arranged.
[0065] In some examples, the support component 60 can be made of an adhesive with conductive properties. In this case, the isolation component 50 is disposed on the side of the support component 60 close to the second dielectric substrate 30, which can greatly reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna elements.
[0066] Second example: Combination Figure 3 As shown, the holographic antenna in this example has a structure largely the same as that in the first example, with the only difference being the specific structure of the isolation component 50. In this example, each isolation component 50 includes two sub-isolation members 501 disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 30 near the radiating layer 11, namely a first sub-isolation member 501a and a second sub-isolation member 501b. A support component 60 can be disposed on the side of the first sub-isolation member 501a and the second sub-isolation member 501b opposite to the second dielectric substrate 30.
[0067] Of course, the first sub-isolation component 50 and the second sub-isolation component 50 can also abut against the radiation layer 11. In this case, the support component 60 is not required. Alternatively, the support component 60 can be provided between the first sub-isolation member 501a and the second sub-isolation member 501b of the isolation component 50.
[0068] Third example: Combination Figure 5 As shown, the holographic antenna in this example has a structure largely the same as that in the first example, differing only in the specific structure of the isolation component 50. In this example, each isolation component 50 includes multiple sub-isolation members 501 arranged side-by-side along the second direction Y, disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 30 near the radiating layer 11. For example, the sub-isolation members 501 can be metal pillars. Adjacent sub-isolation members 501 have a second spacing S, where S ≤ 0.2 wavelengths. In this case, the isolation component 50 composed of multiple sub-isolation members 501 is equivalent to a metal strip, achieving electromagnetic wave isolation.
[0069] Fourth example: Figure 6 This is a top view of a holographic antenna according to a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 6As shown, the holographic antenna in this example has a structure largely the same as that in the first example, with the only difference being the structure of the support component 60 and the placement of the isolation component 50. In this example, the orthographic projection of the support component 60 onto the first dielectric substrate 10 is a third pattern, which alternates with the second orthographic projection pattern of the slit opening 111 onto the first dielectric substrate 10. Each support component 60 may include a first sub-support 601 and a second sub-support 602 arranged side-by-side along the first direction X, and an isolation component 50 is disposed between the first sub-support 601 and the second sub-support 602. The isolation component 50 may be disposed on the second dielectric substrate 30, in the same layer as the second electrode 402 on the second substrate, and made of the same material.
[0070] Continue to refer to Figure 6 In this example, the first sub-support 601 and the second sub-support 602 do not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second electrode 402 on the first dielectric substrate 10.
[0071] Fifth example: This example differs from the first example in the number and specific shape of the isolation components 50. In this example, isolation components 50 are provided on both sides of any slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y.
[0072] The first scenario, Figure 7 This is a top view of the holographic antenna in the first case of the fifth example of the embodiments of this disclosure; as shown Figure 7 As shown, for any slit opening 111, its orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern. The orthographic projections of the isolation components 50 positioned at corresponding locations on both sides of the slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y on the first dielectric substrate 10 are both first patterns. For ease of distinction, these two first patterns are referred to as the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern, respectively. For any second pattern, the first isolation patterns on both sides have a first side opposite to the second pattern, and the second isolation pattern has a second side opposite to the second pattern. The closer the first side is to its midpoint, the greater the distance to the second pattern; the closer the second side is to its midpoint, the greater the distance to the second pattern. This arrangement is because... Figure 4 As shown, the electric field distribution along the length of the slit opening 111 results in a relatively strong electric field at the middle position and a relatively weak electric field at the two sides. This structural arrangement effectively isolates adjacent antenna elements, reducing mutual coupling between them. For example, both the first side of the first isolation pattern and the second side of the second isolation pattern are curved. Furthermore, the isolation component 50 has a first side close to the second pattern, and this first side is curved. For example, the isolation component can be crescent-shaped.
[0073] In this case, for any second pattern, the two first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction Y are symmetrically arranged with a straight line passing through the center of the second pattern and extending along the second direction Y as the axis of symmetry.
[0074] The second scenario, Figure 8 This is a top view of the holographic antenna in the second case of the fifth example of the embodiments of this disclosure; as shown Figure 8 As shown, for any slit opening 111, its orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern. The orthographic projections of the isolation components 50 positioned at corresponding locations on both sides of the slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y on the first dielectric substrate 10 are both first patterns. For ease of distinction, these two first patterns are referred to as the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern, respectively. Both the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern can have a first portion and a second portion; the first portion extends along the second direction Y, and the second portion is connected to one end of the first portion and points towards the second pattern. For example, the first portion and the second portion can be connected to form a right-angle structure.
[0075] In this case, for any second pattern, the two first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction Y are centrally symmetrical about the center of rotation of the second pattern.
[0076] The third scenario, Figure 9 This is a top view of the holographic antenna in the third case of the fifth example of the embodiments of this disclosure; as shown Figure 9 As shown, for any slit opening 111, its orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern. The orthographic projections of the isolation components 50 disposed at corresponding positions on both sides of the slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y on the first dielectric substrate 10 are both first patterns. For ease of distinction, these two first patterns are referred to as the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern, respectively. Both the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern have a first side close to the second pattern, and the first side is a broken line. For example, both the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern may have a first part, a second part, and a third part; the first part extends along the second direction Y, and the second part and the third part are respectively connected to the two ends of the first part and point towards the second pattern. For example, the first part and the second part are connected to form a right-angle structure, and the first part and the third part are connected to form a right-angle structure.
[0077] In this case, for any second pattern, the two first patterns on either side extending along the second direction Y are symmetrically arranged with a straight line passing through the center of the second pattern and extending along the second direction Y as the axis of symmetry. Regardless of which of the above structures is used in the holographic antenna of the embodiments of this disclosure, it may further include a feeding structure configured to feed microwave signals into the waveguide structure 20. For example, the feeding structure includes a coaxial probe, which includes, but is not limited to, an SMA.
[0078] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device including the aforementioned holographic antenna. The antenna further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the transparent antenna in the communication system processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver (not shown) before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.
[0079] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the transparent antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband before transmitting them to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.
[0080] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission in the communication system, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the transparent antenna, which radiates the signal. During signal reception in the communication system, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna, after processing by the power amplifier and signal amplifier, is transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.
[0081] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.
[0082] In some examples, the antenna provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier to provide voltage to the power amplifier for amplifying signals.
[0083] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A holographic antenna, comprising a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a waveguide structure, a radiating layer, and a plurality of switching units; The first dielectric substrate is disposed on the waveguide port of the waveguide structure; The radiating layer is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the waveguide structure, and the radiating layer has multiple slit openings. The second dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the radiating layer opposite to the first dielectric substrate; the plurality of switching units are disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiating layer, and are arranged one-to-one with the slit openings; wherein, The holographic antenna further includes a plurality of isolation components disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiating layer; the orthographic projection of the isolation components on the first dielectric substrate is a first pattern, and the orthographic projection of the slit opening on the first dielectric substrate is a second pattern; there is at least one first pattern between two adjacent second patterns, and there is a first spacing between the second pattern and the nearest first pattern. The holographic antenna further includes a plurality of support components disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiating layer; the support components and the isolation components are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence.
2. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The isolation component is disposed on the side of the corresponding support component near the second dielectric substrate.
3. The holographic antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The support component includes a conductive material.
4. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first pattern and the second pattern are alternately set.
5. The holographic antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The plurality of slit openings are arranged side by side along a first direction, and the isolation assembly includes a plurality of sub-isolation members arranged side by side and spaced apart along the first direction.
6. The holographic antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The slit opening extends along the second direction, and the length direction of each of the sub-isolation members is the second direction.
7. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes a plurality of support components disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the radiation layer, each support component including a first sub-support and a second sub-support, and the isolation component is disposed between the first sub-support and the second sub-support.
8. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The slit opening extends along a second direction, and the isolation assembly includes a plurality of sub-isolation members arranged side-by-side and spaced apart along the second direction.
9. The holographic antenna according to claim 8, wherein, The adjacent sub-isolators in the isolation assembly have a second spacing; the distance value of the second spacing is less than or equal to 0.2 wavelengths.
10. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The slit opening extends along a second direction, and for any second pattern, there are first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction.
11. The holographic antenna according to claim 10, wherein, For any of the second patterns, the first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction are a first isolation pattern and a second isolation pattern, respectively; the first isolation pattern has a first side opposite to the second pattern, and the distance between the first side and the second pattern is greater as the position of the first side is closer to its midpoint; and / or, the second isolation pattern has a second side opposite to the second pattern, and the distance between the second side and the second pattern is greater as the position of the second side is closer to its midpoint.
12. The holographic antenna according to claim 10, wherein, For any second pattern, the two first patterns on either side of it extending along the second direction are symmetrically arranged with a straight line passing through the center of the second pattern and extending along the second direction as the axis of symmetry.
13. The holographic antenna according to claim 12, wherein, The first pattern has a first side that is disposed opposite to the second pattern, and the first side is an arc or a broken line.
14. The holographic antenna according to claim 10, wherein, For any second pattern, the two first patterns on either side extending along the second direction are mutually symmetrical about the center of rotation of the second pattern.
15. The holographic antenna according to claim 14, wherein, The first pattern has a first part and a second part; the first part extends in the second direction, and the second part is connected to one end of the first part and points towards the second pattern.
16. The holographic antenna according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein, The distance value of the first spacing is not less than 0.1 medium wavelengths.
17. The holographic antenna according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein, The switching unit includes a first electrode disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate near the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the second dielectric substrate, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The radiation layer is reused as the first electrode; The second electrode of each of the switching units is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the slit opening.
18. The holographic antenna according to claim 17, wherein, The switching unit further includes a control transistor; the drain of the control transistor is electrically connected to the second electrode, the source is electrically connected to the driving voltage line, and the gate is electrically connected to the control line.
19. The holographic antenna according to claim 17, wherein, The isolation component is disposed in the same layer as the second electrode.
20. An electronic device comprising the holographic antenna according to any one of claims 1-19.