Hydraulically controlled volume and orifice variable passive prechamber ignition system

Abstract

The application provides a hydraulic control volume and nozzle variable passive precombustion chamber ignition system, which comprises a main shell, a spark plug, an oil pressure regulating valve, a first plunger, a second plunger, a precombustion chamber plunger limiting block, a precombustion chamber plunger, a precombustion chamber inner cavity shell, a hydraulic oil tank and the like. The application is a passive variable precombustion chamber volume and nozzle mechanism, which realizes the continuous variability of the precombustion chamber volume, the variable jet penetration distance, the variable scavenging hole and the nozzle diameter. According to the working conditions, the small nozzle jet mode and the large nozzle mode are realized, the effective distribution of the jet to multiple positions of the mixed gas is realized, the ignition capacity is improved, the lean burn capacity of the engine under multiple working conditions is widened, the engine thermal efficiency is improved, and the condition that the traditional passive precombustion chamber cannot actively obtain the in-cylinder mixed gas and the exhaust gas in the precombustion chamber after combustion cannot be discharged is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a pre-combustion chamber ignition system, and more particularly to a hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle. Background Technology

[0002] In the automotive industry, lean-burn technology boasts high thermal efficiency and reduces pumping and heat transfer losses, making it a crucial means of improving the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines. However, when using lean-burn technology, the lean air-fuel mixture is difficult to combust, resulting in a reduced combustion rate and unstable combustion that negatively impacts engine operation and performance. Pre-combustion chamber jet ignition technology is an effective solution to the current lean-burn problem. Compared to traditional spark plug ignition, it offers higher ignition energy, faster flame propagation, and facilitates large-area ignition of the air-fuel mixture, thus broadening the operating range of lean-burn technology, improving engine thermal efficiency, and reducing harmful pollutant emissions.

[0003] Pre-combustion chamber jet ignition systems are divided into two categories: active and passive. While passive pre-combustion chambers cannot independently control the air-fuel mixture concentration within the chamber, they are simple to integrate and install, easily retrofitted to existing engines, and generate multiple ignition points and more concentrated turbulent combustion compared to engines using a single ignition mode. However, due to structural limitations, the air-fuel mixture ignited in a passive pre-combustion chamber cannot form a stronger jet effect, primarily because the large amount of residual exhaust gas inside the chamber is difficult to expel. Therefore, this invention aims to provide a pre-combustion chamber ignition system based on hydraulic control with variable pre-combustion chamber volume and nozzle diameter. This system allows for changes in the pre-combustion chamber volume, enabling more air-fuel mixture to enter the chamber when the cylinder enters, improving thermal jet and ignition performance, and effectively reducing residual exhaust gas. Furthermore, the different nozzle diameters enhance air-fuel mixture exchange and uniformity, optimizing the combustion process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle, comprising:

[0005] The main housing includes a first hydraulic control chamber, a second hydraulic control chamber, a pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber, a pre-combustion chamber outer cavity, a spark plug mounting hole, an oil inlet channel, an oil return channel, a first oil inlet flow channel, a second oil inlet flow channel, a first oil return flow channel, and a second oil return flow channel. The first and second hydraulic control chambers are located in the upper part of the main housing, the pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber is located in the middle part of the main housing, and the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity is located in the lower part of the main housing. The spark plug mounting hole is vertically located within the main housing. The oil inlet channel and the oil return channel are located on opposite sides of the upper part of the main housing. The oil inlet channel is connected to the first and second oil inlet flow channels, and the first and second oil return flow channels are connected to the oil return channel. The bottom of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity has one or more through-holes, and the side wall has one or more external scavenging holes.

[0006] Spark plug, wherein the spark plug is disposed in the spark plug mounting hole and the lower end extends into the pre-combustion chamber cavity;

[0007] The oil pressure regulating valve is located on the upper part of the main housing and is connected to the oil inlet channel.

[0008] The first plunger is disposed in the first hydraulic control chamber, with one end passing through a through hole opened on the side wall of the first hydraulic control chamber, selectively partially or completely sealing the first oil inlet passage.

[0009] The second plunger is located in the second hydraulic control chamber, with one end passing through a through hole opened on the side wall of the second hydraulic control chamber, selectively partially or completely closing the second return oil flow channel.

[0010] A pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, wherein the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is a stepped hollow column, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is disposed in the pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting cavity; the lower diameter of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is smaller than the outer diameter of the pre-combustion chamber cavity;

[0011] A pre-combustion chamber plunger is a hollow cylindrical plunger with a shoulder on its upper outer edge. The pre-combustion chamber plunger is fitted onto the lower part of the spark plug mounting hole. The inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, the upper surface of the pre-combustion chamber plunger shoulder, and the outer wall of the spark plug mounting hole form a first hydraulic cavity. The first hydraulic cavity is connected to a first oil inlet channel and a first oil return channel, and is used to drive the pre-combustion chamber plunger to move axially. A pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring is fitted onto the outside of the pre-combustion chamber plunger. The upper and lower ends of the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring abut against the pre-combustion chamber plunger shoulder and the shoulder on the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, respectively.

[0012] The pre-combustion chamber housing is located inside the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity, and has a shoulder on its upper outer edge. The upper end of the pre-combustion chamber housing is located between the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block. The upper surface of the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber housing, together with the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, forms a second hydraulic cavity. The second hydraulic cavity is connected to the second oil inlet channel and the second oil return channel, and is used to drive the axial movement of the pre-combustion chamber housing. A pre-combustion chamber return spring is sleeved on the outside of the pre-combustion chamber housing, and the upper and lower ends of the pre-combustion chamber return spring abut against the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber housing and the boss on the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity, respectively. The bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing has one or more through-holes, and the side wall has one or more internal scavenging holes.

[0013] The hydraulic oil tank is connected to the oil pressure regulating valve via an inlet pipe and to the return oil channel via a return oil pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the first hydraulic control chamber is provided with a first camshaft and a first cam. The lower end of the first camshaft is pivotally connected to the lower end cover of the first hydraulic control chamber via a lower bearing. The upper part of the first camshaft passes through the upper end through hole of the first hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing, and is connected to an external drive device, and is pivotally connected to the main housing via an upper bearing. The first camshaft is sealed to the upper end through hole of the first hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing. The first cam is provided on the first camshaft and abuts against the end face of the first plunger. The first plunger has a shoulder at one end located in the first hydraulic control chamber, and a first plunger return spring is sleeved on the outside of the first plunger. The two ends of the first plunger return spring abut against the shoulder of the first plunger and the inner wall of the first hydraulic control chamber, respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, the first hydraulic control chamber is also provided with a first plunger limiting block, and the first plunger is located in the limiting channel of the first plunger limiting block.

[0016] Furthermore, the second hydraulic control chamber is provided with a second camshaft and a second cam. The lower end of the second camshaft is pivotally connected to the lower end cover of the second hydraulic control chamber via a lower bearing. The upper part of the second camshaft passes through the upper end through hole of the second hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing, and is connected to an external drive device, and is pivotally connected to the main housing via an upper bearing. The second camshaft is sealed to the upper end through hole of the second hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing. The second cam is provided on the second camshaft and abuts against the end face of the second plunger. The second plunger has a shoulder at one end located in the second hydraulic control chamber, and a second plunger return spring is sleeved on the outside of the second plunger. The two ends of the second plunger return spring abut against the shoulder of the second plunger and the inner wall of the second hydraulic control chamber, respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the second hydraulic control chamber is also provided with a second plunger limiting block, and the second plunger is located in the limiting channel of the second plunger limiting block.

[0018] Furthermore, the first cam includes a base circle segment and a lift-type line segment;

[0019] The second cam includes a first type line segment, a second type line segment, and a third type line segment; the connection point between the third type line segment and the first type line segment is the first lift point, the connection point between the first type line segment and the second type line segment is the second lift point, and the connection point between the second type line segment and the third type line segment is the third lift point.

[0020] Furthermore, the main housing includes an upper housing, a lower housing, and an upper end cover. The upper housing and the lower housing are fixedly connected. The spark plug mounting hole is vertically located in the middle of the upper housing and extends into the lower housing. The first hydraulic control chamber and the second hydraulic control chamber are located inside the upper housing. The pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber and the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity are arranged vertically in the lower housing. The first oil inlet channel and the first oil return channel are located inside the upper housing. Part of the second oil inlet channel and the second oil return channel are located inside the upper housing, and part of them are located inside the lower housing. The upper end cover is located at the top of the upper housing. The upper end cover has a vertically penetrating first camshaft through hole, a second camshaft through hole, a spark plug through hole, an oil inlet channel, and an oil return channel. The oil pressure regulating valve is located on the upper end cover. The upper end cover also has upper bearings for the first camshaft and the second camshaft, as well as bearing fixing blocks.

[0021] Furthermore, the diameter of the inner nozzle at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber shell is smaller than the diameter of the outer nozzle at the bottom of the main shell.

[0022] Working principle of the invention:

[0023] The present invention provides a hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle, wherein the oil inlet channel in the main housing is connected to the first oil inlet channel and the second oil inlet channel respectively, and the first oil return channel and the second oil return channel are connected to the oil return channel respectively.

[0024] The oil inlet channel, the first oil inlet channel, the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, the upper surface of the pre-combustion chamber plunger shoulder, and the outer wall of the spark plug mounting hole form a first hydraulic cavity, a first oil return channel, and a return channel, constituting a hydraulic oil passage. One end of the first plunger passes through a through hole opened on the side wall of the first hydraulic control chamber, selectively closing the first oil inlet channel, controlling the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic cavity, and thus controlling the axial movement of the pre-combustion chamber plunger: when the first plunger retracts, the first oil inlet channel is opened, the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic cavity increases, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger moves downward, reducing the volume of the pre-combustion chamber; conversely, when the first plunger extends, it closes the first oil inlet channel, the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic cavity decreases, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger moves upward under the action of the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring, increasing the volume of the pre-combustion chamber.

[0025] The oil inlet channel, the second oil inlet channel, the upper surface of the pre-combustion chamber housing shoulder, the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity, and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block form another hydraulic oil passage. One end of the second plunger passes through a through hole on the side wall of the second hydraulic control chamber, selectively closing the second oil return channel to control the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber, thereby controlling the axial movement of the pre-combustion chamber housing. When the second plunger retracts, the second oil return channel is opened, the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber decreases, and under the action of the pre-combustion chamber return spring, the inner scavenging hole on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing connects with the outer scavenging hole of the main housing. When the second plunger extends a certain distance, it does not completely close the second oil return channel. The hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber increases to a certain extent. The pre-combustion chamber housing moves downward a certain distance against the force of the pre-combustion chamber housing return spring, causing the inner scavenging hole on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing to disconnect from the outer scavenging hole of the main housing. The inner nozzle at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing is not connected to the outer nozzle of the main housing. At this time, the jet is in a large-diameter jet state. The second plunger extends completely, closing the second return oil flow channel. The hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber is at its maximum. The pre-combustion chamber housing moves downward against the force of the pre-combustion chamber housing return spring until it abuts against the bottom of the main housing. The inner scavenging hole on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing disconnects from the outer scavenging hole of the main housing. The inner nozzle at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing connects to the outer nozzle of the main housing. At this time, the jet is in a small-diameter jet state.

[0026] The spark plug is used to ignite the mixed gas in the pre-combustion chamber.

[0027] The oil pressure regulating valve is used to control the amount of hydraulic oil entering the oil inlet channel.

[0028] The pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is used to limit the pre-combustion chamber plunger, and the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is sealed to the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber plunger.

[0029] The pre-combustion chamber plunger is used to change the volume of the pre-combustion chamber; the pre-combustion chamber plunger is sealed to the outer wall of the spark plug mounting hole.

[0030] The shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber shell is sealed to the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block.

[0031] The hydraulic oil tank is used to store hydraulic oil.

[0032] In the first hydraulic control chamber, the first camshaft rotates, driving the first cam to rotate and pushing the first plunger to move to varying degrees; the first plunger return spring provides a reset force to the first plunger.

[0033] The first plunger limiting block limits the first plunger.

[0034] In the second hydraulic control chamber, the second camshaft rotates, driving the second cam to rotate and pushing the second plunger to move to varying degrees; the second plunger return spring provides a reset force to the second plunger.

[0035] The second plunger limiting block limits the movement of the second plunger.

[0036] The first cam includes a base circle section and a lift-type section; when the first cam is working in the base circle section, the first plunger does not close the first oil inlet passage; during the process of the first cam working in the lift-type section and reaching the highest point of the lift-type section, the first plunger gradually squeezes the first oil inlet passage until it is completely closed.

[0037] The second cam includes a first type line segment, a second type line segment, and a third type line segment; the connection point between the third type line segment and the first type line segment is the first lift point, the connection point between the first type line segment and the second type line segment is the second lift point, and the connection point between the second type line segment and the third type line segment is the third lift point; the height of the first lift point is less than the height of the second lift point, and the height of the second lift point is less than the height of the third lift point. When the second cam operates at the first lift point, the second plunger squeezes the second return oil passage to a certain extent, generating a small hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber. The pre-combustion chamber housing moves downward until the inner scavenging hole on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing connects with the outer scavenging hole of the main housing. When the second cam operates at the second lift point, the second plunger further squeezes the second return oil passage, increasing the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber. The inner scavenging hole of the pre-combustion chamber housing disconnects from the outer scavenging hole of the main housing, and the inner nozzle at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing is not connected to the outer nozzle of the main housing. At this time, the jet is in a large-diameter jet state. When the second cam operates at the third lift point, the second plunger completely closes the second return oil passage, and the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber is at its maximum. The inner scavenging hole of the pre-combustion chamber housing disconnects from the outer scavenging hole of the main housing, and the inner nozzle at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing connects with the outer nozzle of the main housing. At this time, the jet is in a small-diameter jet state.

[0038] The working process of this invention:

[0039] (1) Auxiliary intake mode

[0040] The first cam operates in the base circle segment of the lifting section, squeezing the first plunger to completely close the first oil inlet channel. This reduces the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber, causing the pre-combustion chamber plunger to move upwards under the upward force of the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring. This increases the volume of the pre-combustion chamber, guiding more air-fuel mixture into the pre-combustion chamber. Simultaneously, the second cam operates to the first lift point between the third and first segments. The second plunger opens the second return channel, causing the pre-combustion chamber housing to operate at its highest point. The inner scavenging holes on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing connect with the outer scavenging holes of the main housing, increasing the air inlet of the pre-combustion chamber and allowing more air-fuel mixture to enter, facilitating the ignition jet and improving lean-burn capability.

[0041] (2) Engine jet ignition of air-fuel mixture and large-diameter jet operation conditions

[0042] The first cam rotates from the lift-type segment to the base circle segment. The first plunger releases the blockage of the first oil inlet passage, and the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber gradually increases. The pre-combustion chamber plunger overcomes the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring and moves downward. At the same time, the spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture in the pre-combustion chamber and injects it through the nozzle to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinder. When the first cam is not fully rotated into the base circle segment, the volume reduction of the pre-combustion chamber varies with the degree of downward movement of the pre-combustion chamber plunger to obtain different thrust jet capabilities. The rotation degree of the first camshaft can be adjusted according to the changes in operating conditions.

[0043] The second cam works simultaneously with the first cam. The second cam moves from the first lift point to the second lift point. When the second cam reaches the second lift point, the second plunger partially squeezes the second return oil passage, increasing the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber. The pre-combustion chamber housing moves downward a certain distance, and the inner scavenging hole of the pre-combustion chamber housing is disconnected from the outer scavenging hole of the main housing. The inner nozzle at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing is not connected to the outer nozzle of the main housing. At this time, the jet is not affected by the inner and outer nozzles after it is ejected, and the jet enters the engine cylinder in a large-diameter jet state to do power.

[0044] (3) Engine jet ignition of air-fuel mixture and small-aperture jet operation conditions

[0045] The first cam maintains the rotational state of the previous step, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger continues to move downward, compressing the volume of the pre-combustion chamber;

[0046] The second cam moves from the second lift point to the third lift point. When the second cam works to the third lift point, the second plunger closes the second return oil passage, the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber is at its maximum, the pre-combustion chamber housing moves downward to abut against the main housing, the inner scavenging hole of the pre-combustion chamber housing is disconnected from the outer scavenging hole of the main housing, and the inner spray hole at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing is connected to the outer spray hole of the main housing. At this time, the jet enters the engine cylinder in a small-diameter jet state to do power.

[0047] (4) Auxiliary exhaust operation

[0048] The first cam operates in the base circle section. At this time, the pre-combustion chamber plunger moves downward to the lowest point. Simultaneously, the second cam rotates from the third type line segment to the first type line segment, causing the second plunger to gradually move away from the second return oil flow channel. Hydraulic oil flows out of the second hydraulic chamber, reducing the pressure in the second hydraulic chamber. The pre-combustion chamber inner cavity shell moves upward under the action of the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity return spring. At this time, the inner scavenging hole and the outer scavenging hole are connected, increasing the exhaust gas flow capacity in the pre-combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber plunger pushes the exhaust gas out of the pre-combustion chamber downward, scavenging the exhaust gas as much as possible, preparing for the next cycle.

[0049] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0050] This invention is a passive variable pre-combustion chamber volume and nozzle mechanism, which realizes continuous variable pre-combustion chamber volume, variable jet penetration distance, variable scavenging hole and nozzle diameter. When engine ignition requires changing the pre-combustion chamber volume to adjust ignition energy and the ignition position reached by the jet, the ECU determines the optimal positions of the first and second camshafts under the current operating conditions based on the pre-controlled valve lift map when the hydraulic oil passage is open. By rotating the first camshaft, the ECU controls the position of the pre-combustion chamber plunger, obtains hydraulic oil pressure to move and drive airflow into the pre-combustion chamber system, or injects the jet into the engine cylinder, or discharges exhaust gas into the cylinder to optimize the working cycle. At the same time, the second camshaft controls different positions of the pre-combustion chamber housing to realize small nozzle mode, large nozzle mode, and the opening of scavenging and intake in the pre-combustion chamber, thereby optimizing the engine's intake and exhaust processes. Depending on the operating conditions, the small nozzle jet mode and large nozzle mode are implemented, achieving effective distribution of the jet to multiple positions of the air-fuel mixture, improving ignition capability, broadening the engine's lean-burn capability under multiple operating conditions, and improving engine thermal efficiency.

[0051] This invention achieves variable stepless adjustment of the pre-combustion chamber volume system, effectively improving the situation where traditional passive pre-combustion chambers cannot actively acquire in-cylinder mixture and cannot expel residual exhaust gas after combustion. While retaining the ease of installation and minimal modification of traditional passive pre-combustion chambers, it achieves better engine ignition performance, reduces system complexity and application costs, improves engine power and economy, and reduces emissions of harmful pollutants. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main housing structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention under auxiliary air intake conditions;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention under large-aperture jet conditions;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention under small-aperture jet conditions;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention under auxiliary exhaust conditions;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first cam structure of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second cam structure of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block structure of the present invention;

[0060] 1. Main housing; 2. Upper housing; 3. Lower housing; 4. Upper end cover; 5. First hydraulic control chamber; 6. Second hydraulic control chamber; 7. Pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber; 8. Pre-combustion chamber outer cavity; 9. Spark plug mounting hole; 10. Oil inlet channel; 11. Oil return channel; 12. First oil inlet channel; 13. Second oil inlet channel; 14. First oil return channel; 15. Second oil return channel; 16. External injection hole; 17. External scavenging hole; 18. First camshaft through hole; 19. Second camshaft through hole; 20. Spark plug through hole; 21. Spark plug; 22. Hydraulic pressure regulating valve; 23. First plunger; 24. Second plunger; 25. Pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block; 26. Pre-combustion chamber plunger; 27. First hydraulic chamber 28, pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring 29, pre-combustion chamber inner cavity shell 30, second hydraulic chamber 31, pre-combustion chamber inner cavity return spring 32, inner spray hole 33, inner scavenging hole 34, hydraulic oil tank 35, first camshaft 36, first cam 37, first plunger return spring 38, first plunger limiting block 39, second camshaft 40, second cam 41, second plunger return spring 42, second plunger limiting block 43, base circle segment 44, lift-type line segment 45, first type line segment 46, second type line segment 47, third type line segment 48, upper half of pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 49, lower half of pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block. Detailed Implementation

[0061] See Figure 1-8 As shown: This embodiment provides a hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle, comprising:

[0062] The main housing 1 includes an upper housing 2, a lower housing 3, and an upper end cover 4. The main housing 1 contains a first hydraulic control chamber 5, a second hydraulic control chamber 6, a pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber 7, a pre-combustion chamber outer cavity 8, a spark plug mounting hole 9, an oil inlet channel 10, an oil return channel 11, a first oil inlet flow channel 12, a second oil inlet flow channel 13, a first oil return flow channel 14, and a second oil return flow channel 15. The bottom of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity 8 has several through-holes 16, and the side walls have several external scavenging holes 17. The upper housing 2 is fixedly connected to the lower housing 3. The spark plug mounting hole 9 is vertically located in the middle of the upper housing 2 and extends into the lower housing 3. The first hydraulic control chamber 5 and the second hydraulic control chamber 6 are located inside the upper housing 2. The pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber 7 and the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity 8 are located within the upper housing 2. The lower housing 3 is arranged vertically; the first oil inlet channel 12 and the first oil return channel 14 are located inside the upper housing 2, and the second oil inlet channel 13 and the second oil return channel 15 are partially located inside the upper housing 2 and partially located inside the lower housing 3; the upper end cover 4 is located at the top of the upper housing 2, and the upper end cover 4 is provided with a first camshaft through hole 18, a second camshaft through hole 19, a spark plug through hole 20, an oil inlet channel 10, and an oil return channel 11 that are connected vertically. The oil inlet channel 10 and the oil return channel 11 are respectively located on the upper sides of the upper part of the upper end cover 4; the oil inlet channel 10 is connected to the first oil inlet channel 12 and the second oil inlet channel 13, and the first oil return channel 14 and the second oil return channel 15 are connected to the oil return channel 11; the upper end cover 4 is also provided with the upper bearings of the first camshaft 35 and the second camshaft 39 and the bearing fixing block.

[0063] Spark plug 21, wherein the spark plug 21 is disposed in the spark plug mounting hole 9 and the lower end extends into the pre-combustion chamber cavity;

[0064] Oil pressure regulating valve 22 is located on the upper end cover 4 of the main housing 1 and is connected to the oil inlet channel 10.

[0065] The first plunger 23 is located in the first hydraulic control chamber 5, with one end passing through a through hole opened on the side wall of the first hydraulic control chamber 5, selectively sealing the first oil inlet passage 12.

[0066] The second plunger 24 is located in the second hydraulic control chamber 6, with one end passing through a through hole opened on the side wall of the second hydraulic control chamber 6, selectively sealing the second return oil passage 15.

[0067] The pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25 is a stepped hollow columnar shape, comprising an upper half 48 and a lower half 49. The pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25 is disposed within the pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber 7. The diameter of the upper half 48 is larger than the diameter of the lower half 49, and the diameter of the lower half 49 is smaller than the diameter of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity 8.

[0068] A pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 is a hollow cylindrical shape with a shoulder on its upper outer edge. The pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 is sleeved on the lower part of the spark plug mounting hole 9. The inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25, the upper surface of the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26, and the outer wall of the spark plug mounting hole 9 form a first hydraulic cavity 27. The first hydraulic cavity 27 is connected to the first oil inlet channel 12 and the first oil return channel 14, and is used to push the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 to move axially. A pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring 28 is sleeved on the outside of the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26. The upper and lower ends of the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring 28 abut against the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 and the shoulder of the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25, respectively.

[0069] The pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is located inside the pre-combustion chamber 8. A shoulder is provided on the outer edge of the upper end of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29. The upper end of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is located between the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber 8 and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25. The upper surface of the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29, together with the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber 8 and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25, forms a second hydraulic cavity 30. The second hydraulic cavity 30 is connected to the second oil inlet channel 13 and the second oil return channel 15, and is used to drive the axial movement of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29. A pre-combustion chamber return spring 31 is sleeved on the outside of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29. The upper and lower ends of the pre-combustion chamber return spring 31 abut against the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 and the boss on the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber 8, respectively. The bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 has the same number of inner spray holes 32 as the outer spray holes, and the side wall has the same number of inner scavenging holes 33 as the outer scavenging holes.

[0070] The hydraulic oil tank 34 is connected to the oil pressure regulating valve 22 through the oil inlet pipe and to the oil return channel 11 through the oil return pipe.

[0071] The first hydraulic control chamber 5 is provided with a first camshaft 35 and a first cam 36. The lower end of the first camshaft 35 is pivotally connected to the lower end cover of the first hydraulic control chamber 5 through a lower bearing. The upper part of the first camshaft 35 passes through the upper end through hole of the first hydraulic control chamber 5 and the upper end through hole of the main housing 1, and is connected to an external drive device. It is also pivotally connected to the main housing 1 through an upper bearing. The first camshaft 35 is sealed to the upper end through hole of the first hydraulic control chamber 5 and the upper end through hole of the main housing 1 to prevent hydraulic oil leakage. The first cam 36 is provided on the first camshaft 35 and is in rolling connection with the end face of the first plunger 23. The first plunger 23 has a shoulder at one end inside the first hydraulic control chamber 5. A first plunger return spring 37 is sleeved on the outside of the first plunger 23. The two ends of the first plunger return spring 37 abut against the shoulder of the first plunger 23 and the inner wall of the first hydraulic control chamber 5, respectively.

[0072] The first hydraulic control chamber 5 is further provided with a first plunger limiting block 38, and the first plunger 23 is located in the limiting channel of the first plunger limiting block 38.

[0073] The second hydraulic control chamber 6 is provided with a second camshaft 39 and a second cam 40. The lower end of the second camshaft 39 is pivotally connected to the lower end cover of the second hydraulic control chamber 6 through a lower bearing. The upper part of the second camshaft 39 passes through the upper end through hole of the second hydraulic control chamber 6 and the upper end through hole of the main housing 1, and is connected to an external drive device. It is also pivotally connected to the main housing 1 through an upper bearing. The second camshaft 39 is sealed to the upper end through hole of the second hydraulic control chamber 6 and the upper end through hole of the main housing 1 to prevent hydraulic oil leakage. The second cam 40 is provided on the second camshaft 39 and is in rolling connection with the end face of the second plunger 24. The second plunger 24 has a shoulder at one end inside the second hydraulic control chamber 6. A second plunger return spring 41 is sleeved on the outside of the second plunger 24. The two ends of the second plunger return spring 41 abut against the shoulder of the second plunger 24 and the inner wall of the second hydraulic control chamber 6, respectively.

[0074] The second hydraulic control chamber 6 is further provided with a second plunger limiting block 42, and the second plunger 24 is located in the limiting channel of the second plunger limiting block 42.

[0075] The first cam 36 includes a base circle segment 43 and a lift-type line segment 44; the second cam 40 includes a first type line segment 45, a second type line segment 46 and a third type line segment 47; the connection point between the third type line segment 47 and the first type line segment 45 is the first lift point, the connection point between the first type line segment 45 and the second type line segment 46 is the second lift point, and the connection point between the second type line segment 46 and the third type line segment 47 is the third lift point.

[0076] The diameter of the inner nozzle 32 at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber shell 29 is smaller than the diameter of the outer nozzle 16 at the bottom of the main shell 1.

[0077] This embodiment provides a hydraulically controlled, variable-volume, and variable-orifice passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system. The system comprises an oil inlet channel 10, a first oil inlet passage 12, the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25, the upper surface of the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26, and the outer wall of the spark plug mounting hole 9, forming a first hydraulic chamber 27, a first oil return passage 14, and an oil return passage 11, which together constitute a hydraulic oil passage. One end of the first plunger 23 passes through a through-hole in the side wall of the first hydraulic control chamber 5, selectively closing the first oil inlet passage. 12. Control the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber 27, and thus control the axial movement of the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26: When the first plunger 23 retracts, the first oil inlet passage 12 is opened, the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber 27 increases, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 moves downward to reduce the volume of the pre-combustion chamber; conversely, when the first plunger 23 extends, it closes the first oil inlet passage 12, the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber 27 decreases, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 moves upward to reset under the action of the pre-combustion chamber plunger reset spring 28, thus increasing the volume of the pre-combustion chamber.

[0078] The oil inlet channel 10, the second oil inlet channel 13, the upper surface of the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29, the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity 8, and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block 25 form a second hydraulic chamber 30, a second oil return channel 15, and an oil return passage 11, constituting another hydraulic oil passage. One end of the second plunger 24 passes through a through hole opened on the side wall of the second hydraulic control chamber 6, selectively closing the second oil return channel 15, controlling the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30, and thus controlling the axial movement of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29. When the second plunger 24 retracts, the second oil return channel 15 is opened, the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30 decreases, and under the action of the pre-combustion chamber return spring 31, the inner scavenging hole 33 on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 connects with the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1. The second plunger 24 extends a certain distance, not completely closing the second oil return channel 15. The hydraulic pressure inside the second hydraulic chamber 30 increases to a certain extent. The pre-combustion chamber housing 29 moves downward a certain distance against the force of the pre-combustion chamber housing return spring 31, causing the inner scavenging hole 33 on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 to disconnect from the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1. The inner spray hole 32 at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is not connected to the outer spray hole 16 of the main housing 1. At this time, the jet is in a large-diameter jet state. The second plunger 24 extends completely, closing the second return oil passage 15. The hydraulic pressure inside the second hydraulic chamber 30 is at its maximum. The pre-combustion chamber housing 29 moves downward against the force of the pre-combustion chamber housing return spring 31 until it abuts against the bottom of the main housing 1. The inner scavenging hole 33 on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 disconnects from the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1. The inner spray hole 32 at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is connected to the outer spray hole 16 of the main housing 1. At this time, the jet is in a small-diameter jet state.

[0079] The first cam 36 includes a base circle section 43 and a lift section 44. When the first cam 36 is working in the base circle section 43, the first plunger 23 does not close the first oil inlet passage 12. When the first cam 36 is working in the lift section 44 and reaches the highest point of the lift section 44, the first plunger 23 gradually squeezes the first oil inlet passage 12 until it is completely closed.

[0080] The second cam 40 includes a first type line segment 45, a second type line segment 46, and a third type line segment 47; the connection point between the third type line segment 47 and the first type line segment 45 is the first lift point, the connection point between the first type line segment 45 and the second type line segment 46 is the second lift point, and the connection point between the second type line segment 46 and the third type line segment 47 is the third lift point; the height of the first lift point is less than the height of the second lift point, and the height of the second lift point is less than the height of the third lift point. When the second cam 40 is working at the first lift point, the second plunger 24 squeezes the second return oil passage 15 to a certain extent, generating a small hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30. The pre-combustion chamber housing 29 moves downward until the inner scavenging hole 33 on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 connects with the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1. When the second cam 40 is working at the second lift point, the second plunger 24 further squeezes the second return oil passage 15, increasing the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30. The inner scavenging hole 33 of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 connects with the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1. When hole 17 is disconnected, the inner nozzle 32 at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is not connected to the outer nozzle 16 of the main housing 1, and the jet is in a large-diameter jet state. When the second cam 40 is working at the third lift point, the second plunger 24 completely closes the second return oil passage 15, the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30 is at its maximum, the inner scavenging hole 33 of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is disconnected from the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1, and the inner nozzle 32 at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is connected to the outer nozzle 16 of the main housing 1, and the jet is in a small-diameter jet state.

[0081] The working process of this embodiment:

[0082] (1) Auxiliary intake mode

[0083] The first cam 36 operates at the base circle segment 43, turning to the lift-type segment 44, squeezing the first plunger 23 to completely close the first oil inlet channel 12. The hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber 27 decreases, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 moves upward under the upward force of the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring 28, increasing the volume of the pre-combustion chamber and guiding more air-fuel mixture into the pre-combustion chamber. At the same time, the second cam 40 operates to the first lift point between the third type segment 47 and the first type segment 45, and the second plunger 24 opens the second return oil channel 15, causing the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity shell 29 to operate at its highest point. The inner scavenging hole 33 on the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity shell 29 connects with the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main shell 1, increasing the air inlet of the pre-combustion chamber, allowing more air-fuel mixture to enter the pre-combustion chamber, facilitating the ignition jet and improving lean-burn capability.

[0084] (2) Engine jet ignition of air-fuel mixture and large-diameter jet operation conditions

[0085] The first cam 36 rotates from the lift-type segment 44 to the base circle segment 43. The first plunger 23 releases the blockage of the first oil inlet passage 12, and the hydraulic pressure in the first hydraulic chamber 27 gradually increases. The pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 moves downward against the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring 28. At the same time, the spark plug 21 ignites the air-fuel mixture in the pre-combustion chamber and injects it out through the nozzle to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinder. When the first cam 36 is not completely rotated into the base circle segment 43, the volume reduction of the pre-combustion chamber varies with the degree of downward movement of the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 to obtain different thrust jet capabilities. The rotation degree of the first camshaft 35 can be adjusted according to the working conditions.

[0086] The second cam 40 works simultaneously with the first cam 36. The second cam 40 turns from the first lift point to the second lift point. When the second cam 40 works to the second lift point, the second plunger 24 partially squeezes the second return oil passage 15, the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30 increases, and the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 moves downward a certain distance. The inner scavenging hole 33 of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is disconnected from the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1. The inner spray hole 32 at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is not connected to the outer spray hole 16 of the main housing 1. At this time, the jet is not affected by the inner spray hole 32 and the outer spray hole 16 after it is ejected. The jet enters the engine cylinder in a large-diameter jet state to do power.

[0087] (3) Engine jet ignition of air-fuel mixture and small-aperture jet operation conditions

[0088] The first cam 36 maintains the rotational state of the previous step, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 continues to move downward, compressing the volume of the pre-combustion chamber;

[0089] The second cam 40 moves from the second lift point to the third lift point. When the second cam 40 works to the third lift point, the second plunger 24 closes the second return oil passage 15, the hydraulic pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30 is at its maximum, the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 moves downward to abut against the main housing 1, the inner scavenging hole 33 of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is disconnected from the outer scavenging hole 17 of the main housing 1, and the inner spray hole 32 at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing 29 is connected to the outer spray hole 16 of the main housing 1. At this time, the jet is in the state of a small-diameter jet and enters the engine cylinder to do power.

[0090] (4) Auxiliary exhaust operation

[0091] The first cam 36 operates in the base circle section 43. At this time, the pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 moves downward to the lowest point. Simultaneously, the second cam 40 rotates from the third type line segment 47 to the first type line segment 45, causing the second plunger 24 to gradually move away from the second return oil flow channel 15. Hydraulic oil flows out of the second hydraulic chamber 30, and the pressure in the second hydraulic chamber 30 decreases. The pre-combustion chamber inner cavity shell 29 moves upward under the action of the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity return spring 31. At this time, the inner scavenging hole 33 connects with the outer scavenging hole 17, increasing the exhaust gas flow capacity in the pre-combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber plunger 26 pushes the exhaust gas in the pre-combustion chamber downward to discharge the exhaust gas from the pre-combustion chamber, scavenging the exhaust gas as much as possible; preparing for the next cycle.

Claims

1. A hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle, characterized in that... include: The main housing includes a first hydraulic control chamber, a second hydraulic control chamber, a pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber, a pre-combustion chamber outer cavity, a spark plug mounting hole, an oil inlet channel, an oil return channel, a first oil inlet flow channel, a second oil inlet flow channel, a first oil return flow channel, and a second oil return flow channel. The first and second hydraulic control chambers are located in the upper part of the main housing, the pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber is located in the middle part of the main housing, and the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity is located in the lower part of the main housing. The spark plug mounting hole is vertically located within the main housing. The oil inlet channel and the oil return channel are respectively located on the main housing. The oil inlet channel is connected to the first and second oil inlet flow channels, and the first and second oil return flow channels are connected to the oil return channel. The bottom of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity has one or more through-holes, and the side wall has one or more external scavenging holes. Spark plug, wherein the spark plug is disposed in the spark plug mounting hole and the lower end extends into the pre-combustion chamber cavity; The oil pressure regulating valve is located on the upper part of the main housing and is connected to the oil inlet channel. The first plunger is disposed in the first hydraulic control chamber, with one end passing through a through hole opened on the side wall of the first hydraulic control chamber, selectively partially or completely sealing the first oil inlet passage. The second plunger is located in the second hydraulic control chamber, with one end passing through a through hole opened on the side wall of the second hydraulic control chamber, selectively partially or completely closing the second return oil flow channel. A pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, wherein the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is a stepped hollow column, and the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is disposed in the pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting cavity; the lower diameter of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block is smaller than the outer diameter of the pre-combustion chamber cavity; A pre-combustion chamber plunger is a hollow cylindrical plunger with a shoulder on its upper outer edge. The pre-combustion chamber plunger is fitted onto the lower part of the spark plug mounting hole. The inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, the upper surface of the pre-combustion chamber plunger shoulder, and the outer wall of the spark plug mounting hole form a first hydraulic cavity. The first hydraulic cavity is connected to a first oil inlet channel and a first oil return channel, and is used to drive the pre-combustion chamber plunger to move axially. A pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring is fitted onto the outside of the pre-combustion chamber plunger. The upper and lower ends of the pre-combustion chamber plunger return spring abut against the pre-combustion chamber plunger shoulder and the shoulder on the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, respectively. The pre-combustion chamber housing is located inside the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity, and has a shoulder on its upper outer edge. The upper end of the pre-combustion chamber housing is located between the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block. The upper surface of the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber housing, together with the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity and the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber plunger limiting block, forms a second hydraulic cavity. The second hydraulic cavity is connected to the second oil inlet channel and the second oil return channel, and is used to drive the axial movement of the pre-combustion chamber housing. A pre-combustion chamber return spring is sleeved on the outside of the pre-combustion chamber housing, and the upper and lower ends of the pre-combustion chamber return spring abut against the shoulder of the pre-combustion chamber housing and the boss on the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity, respectively. The bottom of the pre-combustion chamber housing has one or more through-holes, and the side wall has one or more internal scavenging holes. The diameter of the inner nozzle at the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber shell is smaller than the diameter of the outer nozzle at the bottom of the main shell. The hydraulic oil tank is connected to the oil pressure regulating valve via an inlet pipe and to the return oil channel via a return oil pipe.

2. The hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first hydraulic control chamber is provided with a first camshaft and a first cam. The lower end of the first camshaft is pivotally connected to the lower end cover of the first hydraulic control chamber through a lower bearing. The upper part of the first camshaft passes through the upper end through hole of the first hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing, and is connected to an external drive device. It is also pivotally connected to the main housing through an upper bearing. The first camshaft is sealed to the upper end through hole of the first hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing. The first cam is provided on the first camshaft and abuts against the end face of the first plunger. The first plunger has a shoulder at one end inside the first hydraulic control chamber. A first plunger return spring is sleeved on the outside of the first plunger. The two ends of the first plunger return spring abut against the shoulder of the first plunger and the inner wall of the first hydraulic control chamber, respectively.

3. The hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The first hydraulic control chamber is further provided with a first plunger limiting block, and the first plunger is located in the limiting channel of the first plunger limiting block.

4. The hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second hydraulic control chamber is provided with a second camshaft and a second cam. The lower end of the second camshaft is pivotally connected to the lower end cover of the second hydraulic control chamber via a lower bearing. The upper part of the second camshaft passes through the upper end through hole of the second hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing, and is connected to an external drive device. It is also pivotally connected to the main housing via an upper bearing. The second camshaft is sealed to the upper end through hole of the second hydraulic control chamber and the upper end through hole of the main housing. The second cam is located on the second camshaft and abuts against the end face of the second plunger. The second plunger has a shoulder at one end located in the second hydraulic control chamber. A second plunger return spring is sleeved on the outside of the second plunger. The two ends of the second plunger return spring abut against the shoulder of the second plunger and the inner wall of the second hydraulic control chamber, respectively.

5. A hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The second hydraulic control chamber is further provided with a second plunger limiting block, and the second plunger is located in the limiting channel of the second plunger limiting block.

6. A hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The first cam includes a base circle segment and a lift-type line segment.

7. A hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The second cam includes a first type line segment, a second type line segment, and a third type line segment; the connection point between the third type line segment and the first type line segment is the first lift point, the connection point between the first type line segment and the second type line segment is the second lift point, and the connection point between the second type line segment and the third type line segment is the third lift point.

8. A hydraulically controlled passive pre-combustion chamber ignition system with variable volume and nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The main housing includes an upper housing, a lower housing, and an upper end cover. The upper housing and the lower housing are fixedly connected. The spark plug mounting hole is vertically located in the middle of the upper housing and extends into the lower housing. The first hydraulic control chamber and the second hydraulic control chamber are located inside the upper housing. The pre-combustion chamber plunger mounting chamber and the pre-combustion chamber outer cavity are arranged vertically in the lower housing. The first oil inlet channel and the first oil return channel are located inside the upper housing. The second oil inlet channel and the second oil return channel are partially located inside the upper housing and partially located inside the lower housing. The upper end cover is located at the top of the upper housing. The upper end cover has a vertically penetrating first camshaft through hole, a second camshaft through hole, a spark plug through hole, an oil inlet channel, and an oil return channel. The oil pressure regulating valve is located on the upper end cover. The upper end cover also has upper bearings for the first camshaft and the second camshaft, as well as bearing fixing blocks.

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