A mannich base, a method for preparing the same, and a use thereof

Abstract

The present application provides a Mannich base and a preparation method and use thereof. The Mannich base of the present application has a structure as shown in formula (I): in formula (I), R0 is selected from a linear or branched alkylene; each R1 is the same or different from each other, and is independently selected from H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, an amino group and a phenyl group; R is selected from a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene and a phenylene; R1' is selected from H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, an amino group and a phenyl group; R2 is selected from a hydrocarbon group having a number average molecular weight Mn of 300-3000; and R3 is selected from a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms. The Mannich base of the present application has very excellent detergency, deposit formation inhibition and rust prevention properties. 1～8 1～4 1～12 1～4 1～6 ​​​​​

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a gasoline detergent, and more particularly to a Mannich base detergent having a piperazine structure. Background Technology

[0002] Gasoline fuel contains a large amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons, as well as sulfur and nitrogen compounds. During storage and use, these compounds are easily oxidized into gum by contact with air. This directly leads to the formation of carbon deposits and sediments in the electric injectors, intake valves, and combustion chamber during fuel combustion. Consequently, problems such as poor fuel supply, air-fuel ratio imbalance, incomplete combustion, fuel waste, and reduced engine efficiency are caused. Furthermore, it emits a large amount of harmful gases and increases friction and wear between moving parts.

[0003] To address the numerous problems associated with gasoline combustion, one or more multi-effect compound additives are typically added to existing gasoline fuels. These additives utilize the combined properties of different additives to improve gasoline performance, while simultaneously increasing its detergency and antioxidant properties. Currently, the latest generation of detergents often uses Mannich base as the main component, which effectively removes intake valve deposits.

[0004] CN 106939177A discloses a gasoline detergent with cleaning function, comprising: 1-25 volume fractions of a carrier oil composite polyisobutylene succinimide, 5-12 volume fractions of a Mannich-type compound and 8-26 volume fractions of poly(ethylene butylene amine), wherein the Mannich-type compound is formed by the reaction of alkyl-substituted derivatives, aldehydes and amines including N-methylpiperazine.

[0005] US 7766982B2 discloses a fuel composition comprising gasoline and a Mannich detergent, wherein the amine used in the synthesis of the Mannich detergent includes N-aminopropylpiperazine ethanolamine, which can reduce injector deposits and reduce carbon deposit formation in spark-ignition internal combustion engines.

[0006] GB 19592-2019 sets higher requirements for the detergency of gasoline. Existing technology still needs a Mannich base detergent with better detergency, deposit inhibition and rust prevention properties. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention proposes a Mannich base, its preparation method, and its uses.

[0008] This invention includes the following aspects.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a Mannich base.

[0010] The Mannich base of the present invention has the structure shown in formula (I):

[0011]

[0012] In equation (I), R0 is selected from C. 1～8 Straight-chain or branched alkylene groups; each R1 may be the same as or different from the others, and each is independently selected from H, C 1～4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups; R is selected from single bonds, C 1～12 Straight-chain or branched alkylene and phenylene; R1' is selected from H, C 1～4 R1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl, amino, or phenyl group; R2 is selected from hydrocarbon groups with a number-average molecular weight Mn of 300–3000; R3 is selected from C 1～6 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.

[0013] According to the present invention, preferably, R0 is selected from C. 1～4 Straight-chain or branched alkylene groups, each R1 independently selected from H or methyl, and R selected from single bonds, C bonds, and D bonds. 1～4 The linear or branched alkylene and phenylene groups, where R1' is selected from H, methyl or amino, R2 is selected from polyisobutylene groups with a number average molecular weight Mn of 500-2500; R3 is selected from C 1～4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.

[0014] Secondly, this invention proposes a method for preparing Mannich bases.

[0015] The method for preparing Mannich base of the present invention includes reacting the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) and collecting the products;

[0016]

[0017] In formula (X), R2 is selected from hydrocarbon groups with a number-average molecular weight Mn of 300 to 3000; R3 is selected from C 1～6 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups;

[0018] The aliphatic aldehyde has 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0019] In equation (Y), each R1 may be the same or different from the others, and each is independently selected from H and C. 1～4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups; R is selected from single bonds, C 1～12 Straight-chain or branched alkylene and phenylene; R1' is selected from H, C 1～4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, amino, and phenyl groups.

[0020] According to the present invention, preferably, in formula (X), R2 is selected from polyisobutylene with a number-average molecular weight Mn of 500 to 2500, and R3 is selected from C 1～4 The alkyl group is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group; the aliphatic aldehyde has 1 to 4 carbon atoms; in formula (Y), each R1 is independently selected from H or methyl, and R is selected from single bonds, C bonds, and methyl groups. 1～4The straight-chain or branched alkylene and phenylene groups, wherein R1' is selected from H, methyl or amino.

[0021] According to the present invention, the compound represented by formula (X) can be produced by phenol and / or mono-ortho C 1～6 The alkylation reaction is carried out by alkylation of alkylphenols with polyolefins. The alkylation reaction can be performed according to the method described in CN103664655A.

[0022] According to the present invention, the fatty aldehyde is preferably formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, more preferably formaldehyde, and the formaldehyde can be an aqueous formaldehyde solution, paraformaldehyde or oligoformaldehyde.

[0023] According to the present invention, the compound represented by formula (Y) may be selected from one or more of 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine, 1-aminopiperazine, 1,4-diaminopiperazine and 1-amino-4-phenylpiperazine.

[0024] According to the present invention, the molar ratio between the compound represented by formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound represented by formula (Y) is preferably 1:0.1 to 3.5:0.3 to 3.

[0025] According to the present invention, the reaction temperature between the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) is 50°C to 200°C, preferably 70°C to 180°C, and more preferably 80°C to 160°C.

[0026] According to the present invention, the reaction time between the compound represented by formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound represented by formula (Y) is generally better the longer it is, typically from 1 hour to 10 hours, preferably from 2 hours to 8 hours, and more preferably from 3 hours to 6 hours.

[0027] According to the present invention, a solvent may be added to the reaction of the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y). The solvent is selected from hydrocarbons with boiling points between 100°C and 160°C, such as toluene, xylene, and No. 150 solvent gasoline. The amount of solvent added may be 2% to 80% of the mass of the compound shown in formula (X), preferably 10% to 70%. The solvent may be removed after the reaction is completed by methods known in the art, such as vacuum distillation.

[0028] According to the present invention, a diluent may be added to the reaction of the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y). The diluent may be one or more of mineral lubricating oil, polyolefin, and polyether. The mineral lubricating oil may be API I, II, or III type mineral lubricating oil, preferably a mineral lubricating oil with a viscosity of 20–120 centistokes at 40°C and a viscosity index of 50 or higher. The polyolefin is a polyolefin obtained by polymerizing or co-polymerizing ethylene, propylene, and α-olefins, wherein the α-olefin includes one or more of n-butene, isobutene, n-pentene, n-hexene, n-octene, and n-decene, preferably a polyα-olefin with a viscosity of 2–25 centistokes at 100°C. The polyether is a polymer generated by reacting an alcohol with an epoxide, wherein the alcohol is ethylene glycol and / or 1,3-propanediol, the epoxide is ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, and the number-average molecular weight of the polyether is 500–3000, preferably 700–3000. After the reaction of the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) is complete, the diluent can be separated and removed, or it can be retained in the reaction product. In this case, the reaction product is a composition containing Mannich base and diluent, which can be added to gasoline as a detergent concentrate. The detergent concentrate can also be obtained by mixing the prepared Mannich base product with the diluent at 20°C to 60°C for 1 to 6 hours.

[0029] The Mannich base proposed in the first aspect or the Mannich base prepared according to the method in the second aspect can be used in gasoline and has excellent detergency, deposit inhibition and rust prevention properties.

[0030] Thirdly, the present invention provides for the use of the Mannich base proposed in the first aspect and the use of the Mannich base prepared according to the method of the second aspect.

[0031] The Mannich base can be used as a gasoline detergent. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 These are comparative infrared spectra of the highly active polyisobutylene raw material and the polyisobutylene-based o-methylphenol product in Example 1. The upper figure (1) is the infrared spectrum of the highly active polyisobutylene, and the lower figure (2) is the infrared spectrum of the polyisobutylene-based o-methylphenol product.

[0033] Figure 2 It is the high-field portion of the 1H NMR spectrum of the polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol product in Example 1.

[0034] Figure 3 It is the low-field portion of the 1H NMR spectrum of the polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol product in Example 1.

[0035] Figure 4 The infrared spectrum of the product of Example 2 is shown below.

[0036] Figure 5 This is the 1H NMR spectrum of the product from Example 2.

[0037] Figure 6 This is the infrared spectrum of the product of Comparative Example 1.

[0038] Figure 7 This is the 1H NMR spectrum of the product of Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments, but these are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0040] The comparative examples all adopted the main methods for synthesizing Mannich bases reported in the current literature.

[0041] The main raw materials used are as follows: o-cresol, AR, product of Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; Highly active polyisobutylene (HRPIB, Mn≈1000), product of Yangzi Petrochemical-BASF Co., Ltd.; n-hexane, GC, product of Beijing Innocare Technology Co., Ltd.; Toluene, AR, product of Beijing Innocare Technology Co., Ltd.; Xylene, AR, product of Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.; Commercial gasoline detergent 6416, Afton Corporation; Anhydrous methanol, AR, product of Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory; Formaldehyde aqueous solution, 37%, Thermo Fisher Scientific. Products from: Shier Technology (China) Co., Ltd.; Boron trifluoride ethyl ether, Beijing Inokai Technology Co., Ltd.; 1-Amino-4-methylpiperazine, 1-aminopiperazine, 1,4-diaminopiperazine, GC, Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; S150 aromatic solvent, polyether base oil, Beijing Xingpu Fine Chemical Technology Development Co., Ltd.; N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, AR, Beijing Inokai Technology Co., Ltd.; 1,3,5-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine, AR, Beijing Inokai Technology Co., Ltd.

[0042] Example 1: Synthesis of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol

[0043] In a 1L reactor equipped with a stirrer, N2 inlet pipe, thermocouple thermometer, spherical condenser, and feed pump, 64.96g (0.601mol) of o-cresol, 12.88g (0.091mol) of boron trifluoride diethyl ether catalyst, 215.03g of n-hexane solvent, and 300.91g (0.300mol) of polyisobutylene (Mn=1000) were added and reacted at 30℃ for 6h. After the reaction was completed, 64ml of deionized water was added, transferred to a 1L separatory funnel, and then 160ml of methanol was added. After shaking and standing for 1h, the mixture was allowed to separate into layers. The lower layer was separated, and the process was repeated twice. The upper layer was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol product. Elemental analysis showed that the F content in the product was less than 1ppm, GC-MS analysis showed that the o-cresol content was less than 0.006%, and oxygen content analysis showed that the yield of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol was 99%.

[0044] Figure 1 These are comparative infrared spectra of the highly active polyisobutylene raw material and the polyisobutylene-based o-methylphenol product in Example 1. The upper figure (1) is the infrared spectrum of the highly active polyisobutylene, and the lower figure (2) is the infrared spectrum of the polyisobutylene-based o-methylphenol product.

[0045] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that after the alkylation reaction is completed, the characteristic peak of the disappearance of highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB) is: 3070 cm⁻¹. -1 (Asymmetric stretching vibration of the terminal α-olefin CH bond), 1640 cm⁻¹ -1 (Stretching vibration of the terminal α-methylene C=C double bond). The characteristic absorption peak of the synthesized polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol is: 3620 cm⁻¹. -1 (Stretching vibration peak of free phenolic hydroxyl OH without associating agent, sharp peak shape), 3500-3200 cm⁻¹ -1 (The OH stretching vibration of the phenolic hydroxyl group after intermolecular hydrogen bonding is a broad absorption peak), 1605 cm⁻¹ -1 and 1505cm -1 (Two absorption bands of the skeletal vibration of the C=C double bond in mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons), 1262 cm⁻¹ -1 (Absorption peak of Ar-O stretching vibration on the benzene ring) and 818 cm⁻¹ -1 (Out-of-plane bending vibrations of CH on the benzene ring when the benzene ring undergoes 1, 2, or 4 substitution).

[0046] Figure 2 It is the high-field portion of the 1H NMR spectrum of the polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol product in Example 1. Figure 3 It is the low-field portion of the 1H NMR spectrum of the polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol product in Example 1.

[0047] Depend onFigure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that at a chemical shift of 2.261, there is a characteristic peak of methyl hydrogen on the benzene ring of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol; at a chemical shift of 4.561, there is a characteristic peak of hydroxyl hydrogen on the benzene ring of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol. Defining the integral of methyl hydrogen as 3, the integral ratio of hydrogen on the benzene ring, hydroxyl hydrogen and methyl hydrogen is 0.98:0.99:0.98:0.97:3.00, which is close to the theoretical value of 1:1:1:1:3. Therefore, the NMR analysis shows that the target product polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol was successfully prepared.

[0048] The example reaction equation for Example 1 is as follows.

[0049]

[0050] Example 2: Synthesis of Mannich Base

[0051] In a four-necked flask equipped with an N2 inlet tube, a thermocouple thermometer, a spherical condenser, and a feed pump, 55.06 g of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol, 56.98 g of S150 aromatic solvent, and 5.19 g of 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine from Example 1 were added. 4.88 g of a 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution was added dropwise. The mixture was heated to 150°C and reacted for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed, the Mannich base of the present invention was obtained by vacuum distillation.

[0052] Figure 4 The infrared spectrum of the product of Example 2 is shown below.

[0053] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the characteristic peaks produced after the synthesis of Mannich bases are: 3500-3300 cm⁻¹ -1 (The NH stretching vibration overlaps with the OH stretching vibration, further broadening the peak shape), 1591 cm⁻¹ -1 (NH bending vibration peak of secondary amine), 1155 cm⁻¹ -1 (CN stretching vibration peak), 808cm -1 The two peaks near the alkylphenol point change to one peak because, after the Mannich reaction, the 1,2,4 substitution on the benzene ring changes to 1,2,4,6 substitution. (728 cm⁻¹) -1 This is the peak of the nonplanar stretching vibration of NH.

[0054] Figure 5 This is the 1H NMR spectrum of the product from Example 2.

[0055] Depend on Figure 5It was found that in the NMR spectrum of the Mannich product, a shift peak of hydrogen protons on the methylene group near the methyl terminus of 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine appeared at chemical shift 2.33; a shift peak of hydrogen atoms on the methylene group near the benzene ring terminus appeared at chemical shift 2.59; a shift peak of hydrogen protons on the methylene group generated by the conversion of formaldehyde carbonyl group appeared at chemical shift 3.14; and a shift peak of hydrogen protons on the secondary amino group -NH- appeared at chemical shift 3.66. Compared with the NMR spectrum of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol, it was found that the proton chemical shifts at the position adjacent to the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring disappeared, changing from three sets of peaks to two sets of peaks. Due to the introduction of amine, the N atom and hydroxyl group formed an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Due to the electrostatic field, the electron cloud density around the hydrogen decreased, thus deshielding, and the chemical shift value increased from about 5 to 7.37. Both infrared and NMR results showed that the target structure product was synthesized with few byproducts, and oxygen content analysis showed a yield of 87%.

[0056] The example reaction equation for Example 2 is as follows.

[0057]

[0058] Example 3

[0059] In a four-necked flask equipped with an N2 inlet tube, a thermocouple thermometer, a spherical condenser, and a feed pump, 33.05 g of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol, 35.8 g of toluene solvent, and 3.28 g of 1-aminopiperazine from Example 1 were added. 2.93 g of a 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution was added dropwise. The mixture was heated to 110°C and reacted for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed, the Mannich base of the present invention was obtained by vacuum distillation.

[0060] The example reaction equation for Example 3 is as follows.

[0061]

[0062] Example 4

[0063] In a four-necked flask equipped with an N2 inlet tube, a thermocouple thermometer, a spherical condenser, and a feed pump, 33.00 g of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol, 34.70 g of toluene solvent, and 3.39 g of 1,4-diaminopiperazine from Example 1 were added. 2.93 g of a 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution was added dropwise. The mixture was heated to 90°C and reacted for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed, the Mannich base of the present invention was obtained by vacuum distillation.

[0064] The example reaction equation for Example 4 is as follows.

[0065]

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] In a four-necked flask equipped with an N2 inlet tube, a thermocouple thermometer, a spherical condenser, and a feed pump, 55.11 g of polyisobutylene-o-methylphenol and 56.03 g of xylene from Example 1 were added. The mixture was heated to 45°C, and then 5.17 g of 1,3,5-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine was added. The mixture was heated to 140°C and reacted for 4 hours. The product of the comparative detergent was obtained by vacuum distillation.

[0068] Figure 6 The infrared spectrum of the product of Comparative Example 1 is shown.

[0069] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that the characteristic peaks produced after the synthesis of Mannich bases are: 3500-3300 cm⁻¹ -1 (The NH stretching vibration overlaps with the OH stretching vibration, further broadening the peak shape), 1748.64 cm⁻¹ -1 (NH bending vibration peak of secondary amine), 1015.76 cm⁻¹ -1 (CN stretching vibration peak).

[0070] Figure 7 This is the 1H NMR spectrum of the product of Comparative Example 1.

[0071] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that the chemical shifts of the benzene ring are complex and there are multiple structures. Chemical shifts of 4.82 and 3.92 are the hydrogen proton shift peaks of the secondary amino group -NH- in different structures, chemical shift of 3.61 is the hydrogen proton shift peak of the methylene group generated by the transformation of formaldehyde carbonyl, and chemical shift of 2.71 is the shift peak of the methylene group attached to the amino group that has undergone the Mannich reaction.

[0072] The infrared spectrum and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Comparative Example 1 show that there are bis-Mannich and cyclic Mannich byproducts in this comparative example, which is consistent with the report in US7384434B2.

[0073] The example reaction equation for Comparative Example 1 is as follows.

[0074]

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] In a four-necked flask equipped with an N2 inlet tube, a thermocouple thermometer, a spherical condenser, and a feed pump, 38.14 g of polyisobutylene-o-cresol, 38.13 g of xylene, and 3.29 g of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine from Example 1 were added. 3.44 g of a 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution was added dropwise. The mixture was heated to 150°C and reacted for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed, the comparative detergent product was obtained by vacuum distillation.

[0077] The example reaction equation for Comparative Example 2 is as follows.

[0078]

[0079] Example 5

[0080] 300ml meets the National VI standard (95%) # 300 ppm (approximately 0.0673 g) of Mannich base or comparative detergent (including comparative Mannich bases of Comparative Examples 1-3 and 6416 commercial comparative agent) and 300 ppm of polyether base oil were added to gasoline and mixed to prepare gasoline compositions containing Mannich base detergents.

[0081] Example 6 Cleaning Performance Evaluation

[0082] 740 μl of dicyclopentadiene coking agent was added to the gasoline composition in Example 5 and blank gasoline, respectively. The cleaning performance of the Mannich base of the present invention and the comparative detergent was evaluated using the L-2 type intake valve deposit simulation test machine produced by Lanzhou Weike Petrochemical Instrument Co., Ltd., according to GB / T 37322-2019 "Gasoline Detergent Evaluation Gasoline Engine Intake Valve Deposits Simulation Test Method".

[0083] The specific operating method is as follows:

[0084] After weighing and recording the average values ​​of two measurements each for the dried sediment collector and the reference plate, the sediment collector was installed into the test equipment and clamped for a cleaning performance evaluation test. The test duration was 85 min, the oil spraying time was 75 min, the test temperature was 175℃, and the temperature control accuracy was ±1℃. After connecting the air source, the air pressure was 80 kPa ±1 kPa, and the air flow rate was 700 L / h ±20 L / h. After the test, the sediment collector was removed with tweezers, cooled to room temperature, and placed in a container containing n-heptane for 6 min of soaking. Then, it was placed in a container containing petroleum ether (60℃~90℃) for 1 min of soaking. After that, it was removed, and a paper stick was inserted into the temperature measuring hole of the collector to remove the reagent from the hole. The weight of the collector was weighed, and the sediment mass was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1

[0086] Detergent Amount of deposit Deposit reduction rate Blank 9.0 mg — Example 2 1.04 mg 88.44％ Example 3 1.14 mg 87.33％ Example 4 1.21 mg 86.56％ Comparative Example 1 2.02 mg 77.56％ Comparative Example 2 1.56 mg 82.67％ 6416 Commercial contrast agent 1.43 mg 84.11％

[0087] Example 7 Rust prevention performance evaluation

[0088] The rust-preventive performance of gasoline detergents was evaluated using GB / T19230.1-2003, the test method for rust prevention performance of gasoline detergents. This method involves immersing a cylindrical test rod completely in a mixture of 30 ml of test gasoline and 30 ml of distilled water under stirring conditions at (38±1)℃ for 4 hours, and then observing the degree of rust on the test rod.

[0089] The classification for evaluating the degree of corrosion is as follows:

[0090] Slight rust: limited to no more than 6 rust spots, with each rust spot having a diameter of less than or equal to 1 mm.

[0091] Moderate corrosion: more than 6 rust spots, but less than 5% of the surface area of ​​the test bar.

[0092] Severe corrosion: Rust spots exceed 5% of the surface area of ​​the test bar.

[0093] The rust-preventive properties of the Mannich base or comparative detergent and the blank sample in the examples were evaluated, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0094] Table 2

[0095] Detergent Dose / mg / kg Degree of rusting Blank - Severe Example 2 100 Mild Example 3 100 Mild Example 4 100 Mild Comparative Example 1 100 Moderate Comparative Example 2 100 Moderate 6416 Commercial contrast agent 100 Moderate

Claims

1. Mannich base, the structure of which is shown in formula (I): （I）， In equation (I), R0 is selected from C. 1~8 Straight-chain or branched alkylene groups; each R1 may be the same as or different from the others, and each is independently selected from H or C. 1~4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups; R is selected from single bonds; R1' is selected from H, C 1~4 R1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl, amino, or phenyl group; R2 is selected from polyisobutylene groups with a number average molecular weight Mn of 500-2500; R3 is selected from C 1~6 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.

2. The Mannich base according to claim 1, characterized in that, R0 is selected from C 1~4 The straight-chain or branched alkylene groups, each R1 independently selected from H or methyl, R selected from single bonds, R1' selected from H, methyl or amino; R3 selected from C 1~4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.

3. A method for preparing Mannich bases, comprising reacting the compound shown in formula (X), an aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) and collecting the products; (X), (AND), In formula (X), R2 is selected from polyisobutylene with a number-average molecular weight Mn of 500-2500; R3 is selected from C 1~6 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups; The aliphatic aldehyde has 1 to 8 carbon atoms; In equation (Y), each R1 may be the same as or different from the others, and each is independently selected from H or C. 1~4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups; R is selected from single bonds; R1' is selected from H, C 1~4 Straight-chain or branched alkyl, amino, or phenyl groups.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In equation (X), R3 is selected from C. 1~4 The alkyl group is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group; the aliphatic aldehyde has 1 to 4 carbon atoms; in formula (Y), each R1 is independently selected from H or methyl, R is selected from a single bond, and R1' is selected from H, methyl or amino.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fatty aldehyde is formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) is selected from one or more of 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine, 1-aminopiperazine, 1,4-diaminopiperazine and 1-amino-4-phenylpiperazine.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio between the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) is 1:0.1~3.5:0.3~3.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reaction temperature between the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) is 50℃~200℃.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reaction temperature between the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) is 70℃~180℃.

9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reaction temperature between the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y) is 80℃~160℃.

10. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, A solvent is added to the reaction of the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y), wherein the solvent is selected from hydrocarbons with boiling points between 100°C and 160°C.

11. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, A diluent is added to the reaction of the compound shown in formula (X), the aliphatic aldehyde, and the compound shown in formula (Y), wherein the diluent is one or more of mineral lubricating oil, polyolefin, and polyether.

12. Use of Mannich base according to claim 1 or 2 or Mannich base prepared by the method according to any one of claims 3 to 11 as a gasoline detergent.

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