A chickpea precision seeding device and a seeding method

Abstract

The application provides a chickpea precision seeding device and a seeding method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The chickpea precision seeding device comprises a walking frame and, arranged in sequence from front to back, a ridging ploughing mechanism, a furrow ploughing mechanism, a translational precision fertilizer distribution mechanism, a soil covering mechanism I, a gas suction type precision seed distribution mechanism and a soil covering mechanism II. Through mutual cooperation of the above mechanisms, the precision seeding process of chickpea is realized, the seeding efficiency and quality are significantly improved, the integrated seeding mode not only reduces the complexity of manual operation, but also improves the accuracy of seeding and reduces the waste of seeds and fertilizers, thereby reducing the production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and specifically discloses a precision seeding device and seeding method for broad beans. Background Technology

[0002] As an important food crop, the sowing and fertilization processes of broad beans are crucial for increasing yield and reducing costs. With the advancement of modern agricultural mechanization, traditional manual sowing and fertilization can no longer meet the demands of fast, efficient, precise, and automated agricultural production. Therefore, research on the mechanization, automation, and intelligentization of broad bean sowing and fertilization is of great significance for promoting the modernization of the broad bean planting industry.

[0003] For example, CN211240729U discloses a broad bean planter that uses an engine to provide power for broad bean sowing, a soil turning mechanism that can adjust the soil turning depth, a dredging mechanism that effectively prevents seeds from clogging, and a control handle on the support rod that assists the support frame in providing stability.

[0004] However, the aforementioned patents still have shortcomings.

[0005] 1. The planting spacing of broad beans is not easy to control: if the planting spacing is too small, the plant density will be too high in the later stage, which will easily cause the plants to lack nutrients and reduce the quality; if the planting spacing is too large, the plant density will be too low in the later stage, which will reduce the yield and increase the cost.

[0006] 2. It only achieves automatic soil turning and seeding, and its functions are relatively simple. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a precision seeding device and seeding method for broad beans, which at least solves one of the problems described in the background art.

[0008] The aforementioned broad bean precision seeding device includes a pneumatic suction-type precision seed metering mechanism; the pneumatic suction-type precision seed metering mechanism includes a seed box, a seed tray, a seed tray drive component, a seed cleaning lever, a seed metering lever, a seed metering channel, a seed metering wheel chamber, a seed metering wheel, a self-weight lever, and a seed metering wheel drive component; the seed box includes a seed box end cover I, a seed box end cover II, and an annular side plate connecting the seed box end cover I and the seed box end cover II, with gas flowing from the seed box end cover I to the seed box end cover II; the seed tray is rotatably installed in the seed box, parallel to the seed box end cover I and the seed box end cover II, and is driven to rotate by the seed tray drive component; the seed box end cover I is provided with a seed box inlet I or an annular inlet. A seed box inlet II is provided on the side panel, located between the seed box end cap I and the seed tray; a seed box discharge port is provided on the annular side panel, located between the seed box end cap I and the seed tray and higher than the lowest point of the seed box; multiple seed suction ports are provided on the seed tray, evenly arranged around the center of the seed tray, and the size of the suction ports is adapted to the size of a single seed; the side of the seed tray facing the seed box end cap I is fixed with guide plates equal in number to the number of suction ports; multiple guide plates are evenly arranged around the center of the seed tray, located inside the suction ports, and spaced apart from the suction ports, to guide the seeds to fall into the lowest point of the seed box. The seeds are adsorbed onto the seed suction port; the seed cleaning blade is fixedly installed between the seed box end cover I and the seed tray, and is equipped with seed cleaning serrations; the seed cleaning serrations are located on the outside of the seed suction port, used to remove excess seeds adsorbed by the seed suction port so that each seed suction port adsorbs a single seed; the seed discharging plate is fixedly installed between the seed box end cover I and the seed tray, located between the seed box inlet and the seed box outlet; the highest and lowest points of the seed discharging plate are located on both sides of the seed box outlet; the seed discharging plate is used to apply force to the seeds in the individual seed suction ports during the rotation of the seed tray, causing the seeds to detach from the seed suction ports and guiding the seeds to fall into the seed box outlet; the highest point of the seed discharging chamber is set with... It has a seed inlet in the seed chamber and a seed outlet in the seed chamber at the lowest point, with the seed inlet in the seed chamber located below the seed outlet in the seed box. The two ends of the seed outlet channel are connected to the seed outlet in the seed box and the seed inlet in the seed chamber, respectively. The seed outlet wheel is rotatably installed in the seed outlet wheel chamber and is driven to rotate by the seed outlet wheel drive component. The same number of seed outlet grooves as the seed suction port are arranged circumferentially, and the multiple seed outlet grooves are arranged at equal intervals. The self-weight lever is an arc-shaped plate structure with a concave arc surface on the inner side and a convex arc surface on the outer side. The limiting end is rotatably connected to the seed outlet groove through the self-weight lever shaft, and the free end rotates relative to the self-weight lever shaft. The rotation direction of the seed outlet wheel is from the free end to the limiting end.

[0009] In the aforementioned broad bean precision sowing device, the air-suction precision seed metering mechanism further includes a seed tube, a viewing cover, an air pump, a seed metering groove wheel, and a seed metering dial. The seed tube is connected to either the seed box inlet I or the seed box inlet II. A viewing port is provided on the seed box end cover I. The viewing cover is connected to the viewing port. The air pump is connected to the seed box end cover II via an air pipe. The seed disc drive is a seed disc motor, which is connected to the seed disc via a connecting shaft. The center of the seed metering groove wheel is connected to the center of the seed metering wheel via an axle. The seed metering groove wheel is uniformly provided with multiple concave arc grooves and radial grooves along its circumference, and the concave arc grooves and radial grooves are staggered. The seed metering dial is provided with convex arc blocks that cooperate with the concave arc grooves and guide posts that cooperate with the radial grooves. The seed metering wheel drive is a seed metering wheel motor, which is connected to the seed metering dial via a connecting shaft.

[0010] The aforementioned precision broad bean sowing device also includes a translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism; the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism includes a fertilizer box, a translational plate, a fertilizer dispensing groove wheel, a fertilizer dispensing groove wheel chamber, a fertilizer dispensing groove wheel drive component, a fertilizer control baffle, and a fertilizer dispensing pipe; the fertilizer box includes a closed fertilizer box side plate and a fertilizer box bottom plate located below the fertilizer box side plate, and a fertilizer box dispensing port is provided on the fertilizer box bottom plate; the translational plate can slide parallel to the fertilizer box bottom plate, and is provided with a fertilizer control port and a baffle slot, the area enclosed by the fertilizer control port and the fertilizer box dispensing port changes with the sliding of the translational plate, and the baffle slot is located on the fertilizer control port, and the baffle slot is perpendicular to the... The sliding direction of the translation plate; the fertilizer discharge trough wheel chamber is provided with a wheel chamber fertilizer inlet and a wheel chamber fertilizer outlet. The wheel chamber fertilizer inlet is located below the fertilizer box fertilizer outlet and fertilizer control outlet, and the wheel chamber fertilizer outlet is located below the wheel chamber fertilizer inlet; the fertilizer discharge trough wheel is rotatably installed in the fertilizer discharge trough wheel chamber and is driven to rotate by the fertilizer discharge trough wheel drive component. Multiple fertilizer discharge troughs are arranged circumferentially; the fertilizer control baffle is provided with a grooved wheel hole that meshes with the fertilizer discharge trough wheel. The fertilizer control baffle is sleeved on the fertilizer discharge trough wheel and rotates with the fertilizer discharge trough wheel. It extends out from the wheel chamber fertilizer inlet and is inserted into the baffle slot. It moves along the axial direction of the fertilizer discharge trough wheel with the translation plate; the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the wheel chamber fertilizer outlet.

[0011] In the above-mentioned precision broad bean sowing device, the translation plate is also provided with a nut slot parallel to the baffle slot; the nut slot is located outside the fertilizer box side plate; the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism also includes a translational control bolt and a fertilizer control nut; the translational control bolt is fixedly connected to the fertilizer box side plate and is perpendicular to the baffle slot and the nut slot; the fertilizer control nut is rotatably sleeved on the translational control bolt and inserted into the nut slot.

[0012] In the aforementioned broad bean precision sowing device, connecting plates are provided on both sides of the fertilizer inlet of the rotary chamber, and the connecting plates are fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the fertilizer box; a translation plate is slidably inserted between the connecting plates and the bottom plate of the fertilizer box; a fertilizer box partition is provided inside the fertilizer box to divide the fertilizer box into multiple fertilizer chambers, and each fertilizer chamber is provided with a corresponding fertilizer discharge port, fertilizer control port, baffle slot, fertilizer discharge wheel, fertilizer discharge wheel chamber, fertilizer discharge wheel drive component, fertilizer control baffle, and fertilizer discharge pipe; the fertilizer discharge wheel drive component is a fertilizer discharge wheel motor, which is connected to the fertilizer discharge wheel through a connecting shaft.

[0013] The aforementioned broad bean precision sowing device also includes a ridging and plowing mechanism and a furrowing and plowing mechanism; the ridging and plowing mechanism includes a ridging position adjustment component, a linkage rod, and a linkage rod drive component; the two sets of ridging position adjustment components are arranged opposite to each other, each including a ridging plow, a fixing component, a hinge, triangle plate I, a first connecting rod, triangle plate II, a second connecting rod, and a rocker arm; the ridging plow includes a ridging plow handle and a ridging plow head; the fixing component includes mutually perpendicular horizontal beams and vertical beams; the first acute angle end of triangle plate I is connected to the ridging plow handle via a hinge; the right angle end of triangle plate II is connected to the vertical beam via a hinge; the right angle end of triangle plate I is connected to the vertical beam via a hinge. The hinge is connected to the first end of the first connecting rod, the second end of the first connecting rod is connected to the first acute angle end of triangle II via the hinge, the second acute angle end of triangle II is connected to the second end of the second connecting rod via the hinge, the first end of the second connecting rod is connected to the second acute angle end of triangle I and the ridging plow handle via the hinge, the two ends of the rocker arm are connected to the first connecting rod and the crossbeam respectively via the hinge; the two ends of the linkage rod are fixedly connected to triangle II on both sides respectively, and are driven to rotate by the linkage rod drive component; the ditching and plowing mechanism is located between the two sets of ridging posture adjustment components, including a ditching plow with adjustable ditching depth.

[0014] The aforementioned broad bean precision seeding device also includes a walking frame; the walking frame includes a frame base plate and wheels rotatably mounted on the frame base plate; a ridging and plowing mechanism, a ditching and plowing mechanism, a translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism, and a pneumatic precision seed dispensing mechanism are arranged sequentially from front to back on the frame base plate; two sets of ridging position adjustment components are set on the left and right sides of the frame base plate; the vertical beam of the fixing component is vertically mounted on the frame base plate; the ridging and plowing mechanism also includes a linkage rod limiting component; the linkage rod limiting component includes a locking plate, a locking buckle, and a locking plate; two locking plates are fixed on the frame base plate, and the locking plates are provided with locking plate grooves; the locking buckle is provided with a locking buckle groove, and the locking buckle is inserted between the two locking plates and rotatably connected to the locking plates; the linkage rod passes through the locking plate groove; the locking buckle rotates to press the locking buckle groove against the linkage rod, restricting the translation of the linkage rod; the locking plate is used to fix the locking buckle and locking plate after the locking buckle groove presses against the linkage rod; the linkage rod drive component is a handle, which is fixedly connected to the linkage rod; the fertilizer dispensing pipe passes through the frame base plate.

[0015] In the aforementioned broad bean precision seeding device, the ditching and plowing mechanism also includes a ditching plow support plate and a ditching depth limiting component; the ditching plow support plate is fixed to the chassis base plate; the ditching plow includes a ditching plow handle and a ditching plow head, the ditching plow handle is provided with a vertical strip hole, and the ditching plow handle passes through the chassis base plate; the ditching depth limiting component passes through the vertical strip hole and is connected to the ditching plow support plate.

[0016] The aforementioned broad bean precision seeding device also includes a soil covering mechanism I and a soil covering mechanism II; the soil covering mechanism I is located between the translational precision fertilizer applicator and the air-suction precision seed applicator; the soil covering mechanism II is located after the air-suction precision seed applicator; each soil covering mechanism includes a soil covering angle control plate, a soil covering support plate, and a soil covering plate; the soil covering angle control plate and the soil covering support plate are relatively fixed on the chassis base plate; an arc-shaped track is provided on the soil covering angle control plate; the soil covering plate passes through the chassis base plate and is vertically rotatably connected to the soil covering angle control plate and the soil covering support plate, and a guide post is provided on the side facing the soil covering angle control plate, the guide post being inserted into the arc-shaped track.

[0017] The present invention also provides a sowing method based on the above-mentioned broad bean precision sowing device, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1, the soil is broken up and gathered into ridges by two ridging plows of the ridging plowing mechanism;

[0019] S2, using a furrowing plow to create furrows on the ridge;

[0020] S3, adjust the position of the translational plate and fertilizer control baffle in the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism according to the amount of fertilizer pre-installed, adjust the size of the area enclosed by the fertilizer control port and the fertilizer box dispensing port and the actual capacity of the fertilizer dispensing trough, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box enters the fertilizer dispensing trough, the fertilizer dispensing trough wheel and fertilizer control baffle rotate, the fertilizer dispensing trough rotates to the wheel chamber dispensing port, the fertilizer in the fertilizer dispensing trough is discharged from the wheel chamber dispensing port through the fertilizer dispensing pipe into the groove marked in step S2;

[0021] S4, the soil covering plate in the rotating soil covering mechanism I, covers the fertilizer with soil;

[0022] S5, the seeds in the seed box are adsorbed onto the seed suction port of the seed tray. As the seed tray rotates, the seed cleaning blade removes the excess seeds adsorbed by the seed suction port, allowing each seed suction port to adsorb a single seed. The seed suction port with a single seed adsorbed rotates to the seed discharging plate. The seed discharging plate applies force to release the seed from the seed suction port. Under the guidance of the seed discharging plate, the seed falls into the seed discharging port of the seed box. It then passes through the seed inlet of the seed chamber along the seed discharging channel and falls into the seed discharging groove of the seed discharging wheel. The seed discharging groove rotates to the seed discharging port of the seed chamber, and the seeds in the seed discharging groove are discharged from the seed discharging port of the seed chamber and fall onto the fertilizer covering layer of S4.

[0023] S6, the soil covering plate in the rotating soil covering mechanism II, covers the seeds with soil to complete the sowing.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0025] 1. The precision broad bean sowing device provided by the present invention achieves precision sowing of broad beans through the cooperation of ridging and plowing mechanism, ditching and plowing mechanism, translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism, soil covering mechanism I, air suction precision seed dispensing mechanism, and soil covering mechanism II. This significantly improves sowing efficiency and quality. The integrated sowing method not only reduces the complexity of manual operation but also improves the accuracy of sowing, reduces the waste of seeds and fertilizers, and thus reduces production costs.

[0026] 2. The ridging and plowing mechanism designed in this invention features a ridging posture adjustment component with a cleverly designed planar five-bar linkage structure. This makes the ridging plow more stable and easier to control during the process of breaking up soil clods and cultivating furrows. This design not only adapts to the sowing needs of different terrains but also improves the flexibility and stability of sowing operations, providing strong technical support for farmland sowing operations.

[0027] 3. The introduction of the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism enables precise control of fertilizer dispensing. By precisely controlling the rotation of the fertilizer dispensing trough wheel, it ensures the uniform distribution and appropriate amount of fertilizer, avoiding environmental pollution and poor crop growth caused by excessive fertilization, and further improving the quality and environmental friendliness of sowing operations.

[0028] 4. It adopts an air-suction precision seed metering mechanism, which uses an air pump to draw in air and create negative pressure to adsorb seeds, greatly improving efficiency and stability, and achieving precise seed metering.

[0029] 5. The seed metering wheel and seed metering disc work together to achieve intermittent motion, enabling precise seed discharge. The motion is precise, stable, and highly efficient.

[0030] 6. The design of the soil covering mechanism ensures timely and uniform soil covering after fertilization and seeding, providing a good environment for seed growth. This not only guarantees the seed survival rate but also improves the yield and quality of farmland.

[0031] 7. The precision broad bean sowing device provided by this invention not only improves sowing efficiency and quality and reduces production costs, but also increases the yield and quality of farmland, with significant beneficial effects. At the same time, its flexible design and easy operation make the device have broad application prospects and market potential in the field of agricultural machinery technology.

[0032] 8. This invention adopts a modular design, which can realize precise and accurate seed discharge. The structure is simpler and easier to assemble and disassemble, and the functions are more specific and clear, making it easier to control. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 A plan view of a precision broad bean sowing device;

[0035] Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of a precision broad bean sowing device;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ridging and plowing mechanism;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the ridge-raising pose adjustment component;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the linkage limit assembly;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a ditching and plowing mechanism;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the installation of the fertilizer discharge wheel and fertilizer control baffle.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering mechanism;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic precision seed metering mechanism.

[0044] Figure 11 An exploded view of the seed box and seed tray;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the seed metering plate installation;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the seed metering wheel, the self-weight lever, and the seed metering groove wheel;

[0047] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the connection between the seed metering wheel and the seed metering dial.

[0048] Wherein: 1.1-Chassis base plate; 1.2-Support frame; 1.3-Walking wheels;

[0049] 2.1-Linkage rod; 2.2-Ridging plow; 2.3-Fixed component; 2.4-Hinge; 2.5-Triangle plate I; 2.6-First connecting rod; 2.7-Triangle plate II; 2.8-Second connecting rod; 2.9-Rock arm; 2.10-Locking plate; 2.11-Lock; 2.12-Locking plate; 2.13-Handrail;

[0050] 3.1-Frenching plow; 3.2-Frenching plow support plate; 3.3-Frenching depth limiting bolt and nut;

[0051] 4.1-Fertilizer tank; 4.2-Transverse plate; 4.2.1-Baffle slot; 4.2.2-Nut slot; 4.3-Fertilizer discharge wheel; 4.4-Fertilizer discharge wheel chamber; 4.5-Fertilizer control baffle; 4.6-Transverse control bolt; 4.7-Fertilizer control nut; 4.8-Fertilizer tank partition; 4.9-Fertilizer discharge wheel motor; 4.10-Fertilizer discharge pipe;

[0052] 5a-Soil covering mechanism I; 5b-Soil covering mechanism II; 5.1-Soil covering angle control plate; 5.2-Soil covering support plate; 5.3-Soil covering plate;

[0053] 6.1 Seed box; 6.1.1 Seed box end cap I; 6.1.2 Seed box end cap II; 6.1.3 Annular side plate; 6.2 Seed tray; 6.2.1 Seed suction port; 6.2.2 Guide plate; 6.3 Seed cleaning lever; 6.4 Seed dispensing lever; 6.5 Seed dispensing channel; 6.6 Seed dispensing wheel chamber; 6.7 Seed dispensing wheel; 6.7.1 Seed dispensing trough; 6.8 Self-weight lever; 6.9 Self-weight lever shaft; 6.10 Seed tube; 6.11 Visibility cover; 6.12 Air pump; 6.13 Seed dispensing trough wheel; 6.14 Seed dispensing dial; 6.15 Seed tray motor; 6.16 Seed dispensing wheel motor. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] This embodiment provides a precision seeding device for broad beans, including a traveling frame and, arranged from front to back, a ridging and plowing mechanism, a furrowing and plowing mechanism, a translational precision fertilizer applicator, a soil covering mechanism I5a, an air-suction precision seed applicator, and a soil covering mechanism II5b.

[0057] The vehicle frame includes a frame base plate 1.1, a support frame 1.2 fixedly mounted on the frame base plate 1.1, and a vehicle wheel 1.3 rotatably mounted on the frame base plate 1.1.

[0058] The main function of the ridging and plowing mechanism is to break up the soil and form ridges. It includes a ridging posture adjustment assembly, a linkage 2.1, and a linkage drive component. Two sets of ridging posture adjustment assemblies are positioned opposite each other on the left and right sides of the chassis base plate 1.1. Each assembly includes a ridging plow 2.2, a fixing component 2.3, a hinge 2.4, a triangular plate I 2.5, a first connecting rod 2.6, a triangular plate II 2.7, a second connecting rod 2.8, and a rocker arm 2.9. The ridging plow 2.2 includes a ridging plow handle and a ridging plow head. The fixing component 2.3 includes mutually perpendicular horizontal and vertical beams, with the vertical beam vertically mounted on the chassis base plate 1.1. The first acute angle end of triangular plate I 2.5 is connected to the ridging plow handle via hinge 2.4. The straight angle end of triangular plate II 2.7... The corner end is connected to the vertical beam via hinge 2.4; the right-angle end of triangle I 2.5 is connected to the first end of the first connecting rod 2.6 via hinge 2.4, the second end of the first connecting rod 2.6 is connected to the first acute-angle end of triangle II 2.7 via hinge 2.4, the second acute-angle end of triangle II 2.7 is connected to the second end of the second connecting rod 2.8 via hinge 2.4, the first end of the second connecting rod 2.8 is connected to the second acute-angle end of triangle I 2.5 and the ridging plow handle via hinge 2.4, the two ends of rocker 2.9 are connected to the first connecting rod 2.6 and the crossbeam via hinge 2.4 respectively; the two ends of linkage rod 2.1 are fixedly connected to triangle II 2.7 on both sides respectively, and are driven to rotate by linkage rod drive component. Triangle plate I 2.5, first link 2.6, triangle plate II 2.7, second link 2.8 and rocker 2.9 form a planar five-bar linkage structure. Linkage rod 2.1 drives triangle plate II 2.7 on both sides to rotate around its right angle end. The ridge plow 2.2 can be flexibly raised or lowered through the planar five-bar linkage structure.

[0059] To ensure that the linkage rod 2.1 can only rotate and not translate in space, the ridging and plowing mechanism in this embodiment also includes a linkage rod limiting assembly. The linkage rod limiting assembly includes a locking plate 2.10, a locking buckle 2.11, and a locking plate 2.12. The two locking plates 2.10 are fixed to the chassis base plate 1.1, and the locking plates 2.10 are provided with locking plate grooves. The locking buckle 2.11 is provided with a locking buckle groove, and the locking buckle 2.11 is inserted between the two locking plates 2.10 and is rotatably connected to the locking plates 2.10 by a locking pin. The linkage rod 2.1 passes through the locking plate groove. The locking buckle 2.11 rotates to press the locking buckle groove against the linkage rod 2.1, restricting the translation of the linkage rod 2.1. The locking plate 2.12 is used to fix the locking buckle 2.11 and the locking plate 2.10 after the locking buckle groove presses the linkage rod 2.1 against the linkage rod 2.1. The linkage rod driving component is a handle 2.13, which is interference-fitted with the linkage rod 2.1. The design of the locking plate 2.10, the latch 2.11, and the locking plate 2.12 ensures the compactness and stability of the entire structure.

[0060] The ditching and plowing mechanism is located between two sets of ridging posture adjustment components. It is used to draw furrows on the ridges for fertilization and sowing. It includes a ditching plow 3.1, a ditching plow support plate 3.2, and a ditching depth limiting component. The ditching plow support plate 3.2 is fixed to the chassis base plate 1.1. The ditching plow 3.1 includes a ditching plow handle and a ditching plow head. The ditching plow handle has a vertical strip hole that passes through the chassis base plate 1.1. The ditching depth limiting component passes through the vertical strip hole and connects to the ditching plow support plate 3.2. According to the preset ditching depth, the ditching plow 3.1 is moved up and down, and then the ditching depth limiting component is tightened to fix the ditching plow 3.1 in the preset position. In this embodiment, the ditching depth limiting component is a ditching depth limiting bolt and nut 3.3.

[0061] A translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism is used for precise fertilizer dispensing. It includes a fertilizer tank 4.1, a translational plate 4.2, a fertilizer dispensing wheel 4.3, a fertilizer dispensing wheel chamber 4.4, a fertilizer dispensing wheel drive component, a fertilizer control baffle 4.5, and a fertilizer dispensing pipe 4.10. The fertilizer tank 4.1 includes a closed side plate and a bottom plate located below the side plate. A fertilizer dispensing port is located on the bottom plate. The translational plate 4.2 can slide parallel to the bottom plate and has a fertilizer control port and a baffle slot 4.2.1. The area enclosed by the fertilizer control port and the fertilizer dispensing port changes with the sliding of the translational plate 4.2, thereby adjusting the fertilizer dispensing rate of the fertilizer tank 4.1. The baffle slot 4.2.1 is located on the fertilizer control port and is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the translational plate 4.2. The fertilizer dispensing wheel chamber 4.4... The system is equipped with a fertilizer inlet and a fertilizer outlet in the wheel chamber. The fertilizer inlet is located below the fertilizer outlet and fertilizer control outlet of the fertilizer box, while the fertilizer outlet is located below the fertilizer inlet in the wheel chamber. A fertilizer outlet wheel 4.3 is rotatably mounted in the fertilizer outlet wheel chamber 4.4 and is driven to rotate by a fertilizer outlet wheel drive component. Multiple fertilizer outlets are arranged circumferentially. A fertilizer control baffle 4.5 is provided with a grooved wheel hole that meshes with the fertilizer outlet wheel 4.3. The fertilizer control baffle 4.5 is sleeved on the fertilizer outlet wheel 4.3 and rotates with the fertilizer outlet wheel 4.3. It extends out from the fertilizer inlet in the wheel chamber and is inserted into the baffle slot 4.2.1. It moves axially along the fertilizer outlet wheel 4.3 with the translation plate 4.2, and adjusts the actual capacity of the fertilizer outlet according to the change of the area enclosed by the fertilizer control outlet and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box. A fertilizer outlet pipe 4.10 passes through the chassis bottom plate 1.1 and connects to the fertilizer outlet in the wheel chamber.

[0062] In this embodiment, the translational plate 4.2 achieves parallel sliding relative to the fertilizer tank bottom plate in the following manner: the translational plate 4.2 is also provided with a nut slot 4.2.2 parallel to the baffle slot 4.2.1; the nut slot 4.2.2 is located outside the fertilizer tank side plate; the translational precision fertilizer discharging mechanism also includes a translational control bolt 4.6 and a fertilizer control nut 4.7; the translational control bolt 4.6 is fixedly connected to the fertilizer tank side plate by a fixing bolt, perpendicular to the baffle slot 4.2.1 and the nut slot 4.2.2; the fertilizer control nut 4.7 is rotatably sleeved on the translational control bolt 4.6 and inserted into the nut slot 4.2.2. By manually rotating the fertilizer control nut 4.7 to move it along the translational control bolt 4.6, the translational plate 4.2 can be driven to slide parallel to the fertilizer tank bottom plate. The design of the translational control bolt 4.6 and the fertilizer control nut 4.7 utilizes the characteristics of the thread to synchronously and precisely control the changes in the area enclosed by the fertilizer control port and the fertilizer box discharge port, as well as the actual capacity of the fertilizer discharge trough, thereby achieving precise control of the fertilizer discharge amount.

[0063] To facilitate the installation of the translation plate 4.2, connecting plates are provided on both sides of the fertilizer inlet of the wheel chamber, and the connecting plates are fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the fertilizer box; the translation plate 4.2 is slidably inserted between the connecting plates and the bottom plate of the fertilizer box.

[0064] To facilitate the storage and differentiation of fertilizers of different particle sizes, fertilizer box 4.1 is equipped with fertilizer box partition 4.8, which divides fertilizer box 4.1 into multiple fertilizer chambers. Each fertilizer chamber is equipped with a corresponding fertilizer discharge port, fertilizer control port, baffle slot 4.2.1, fertilizer discharge wheel 4.3, fertilizer discharge wheel chamber 4.4, fertilizer discharge wheel drive component, fertilizer control baffle 4.5, and fertilizer discharge pipe 4.10. In this embodiment, the four fertilizer box side plates are connected to form a closed square structure by four 90° corner brackets and are connected to the support frame 1.2. Fertilizer box partition 4.8 divides fertilizer box 4.1 into two fertilizer chambers.

[0065] In this embodiment, the fertilizer discharge trough drive is a fertilizer discharge trough motor 4.9, which is connected to the fertilizer discharge trough 4.3 via a connecting shaft.

[0066] The soil covering mechanism I5a is located between the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism 4 and the pneumatic precision seed dispensing mechanism 6. It is used to cover fertilizer with soil and includes a soil covering angle control plate 5.1, a soil covering support plate 5.2, and a soil covering plate 5.3. The soil covering angle control plate 5.1 and the soil covering support plate 5.2 are fixed relative to each other on the chassis base plate 1.1. An arc-shaped track is provided on the soil covering angle control plate 5.1. The soil covering plate 5.3 passes through the chassis base plate 1.1 and is vertically connected to the soil covering angle control plate 5.1 and the soil covering support plate 5.2 via a locking nut. A guide post is provided on the side facing the soil covering angle control plate 5.1, and the guide post is inserted into the arc-shaped track. Rotating the soil covering plate 5.3 along the arc-shaped track controls the distance between the soil covering plate 5.3 and the soil, thereby controlling the soil covering thickness. The arc-shaped track design not only makes the angle adjustment of the soil covering plate 5.3 more convenient but also ensures the accuracy and stability of the adjustment process. By controlling the tightness of the locking pins, the angle of the covering plate 5.3 can be easily adjusted, thereby achieving precise control over the covering thickness. This not only improves the flexibility and applicability of the covering mechanism but also ensures the effectiveness and quality of the covering operation.

[0067] The pneumatic precision seed metering mechanism is used for precise and accurate seed dispensing, discharging seeds one by one evenly, strictly controlling the planting spacing of broad beans. It features adjustability, flexibility, and stability, and includes a seed box 6.1, a seed tray 6.2, a seed tray drive unit, a seed cleaning lever 6.3, a seed metering lever 6.4, a seed metering channel 6.5, a seed metering wheel chamber 6.6, a seed metering wheel 6.7, a self-weight lever 6.8, and a seed metering wheel drive unit. The seed box 6.1 is connected to the support frame 1.2 and includes a seed box end cover I 6.1.1, a seed box end cover II 6.1.2, and an annular side plate 6.1.3 connecting the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 and the seed box end cover II 6.1.2. Gas inside the seed box 6.1 flows from the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 to the seed box end cover II 6.1.2. The seed tray 6.2 rotates. Installed in the seed box 6.1, parallel to the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 and the seed box end cover II 6.1.2, it is driven to rotate by the seed tray drive component; the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 is provided with a seed box inlet I or the annular side plate 6.1.3 is provided with a seed box inlet II, which is located between the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 and the seed tray 6.2; the annular side plate is provided with a seed box discharge port, which is located between the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 and the seed tray 6.2 and is higher than the lowest point of the seed box 6.1; the seed tray 6.2 is provided with multiple seed suction ports 6.2.1, which are evenly arranged around the center of the seed tray 6.2, and the size of the seed suction ports 6.2.1 is adapted to the size of a single seed; the seed tray 6.2 faces the seed box end cover I 6.1.1. .1.1 has guide plates 6.2.2 fixed on its side, the same number as the seed suction port 6.2.1; multiple guide plates 6.2.2 are evenly arranged around the center of the seed tray 6.2, located inside the seed suction port 6.2.1, spaced apart from the seed suction port 6.2.1, used to guide seeds falling into the lowest point of the seed box 6.1 to be adsorbed onto the seed suction port 6.2.1; a seed cleaning plate 6.3 is fixedly installed between the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 and the seed tray 6.2, and is provided with seed cleaning serrations; the seed cleaning serrations are located outside the seed suction port 6.2.1, used to remove excess seeds adsorbed by the seed suction port 6.2.1 so that a single seed suction port adsorbs a single seed; a seed discharging plate 6.4 is fixedly installed between the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 and the seed tray 6.2, located between the seed box inlet and the seed box outlet. Between the seed inlets; the highest and lowest points of the seed metering plate 6.4 are located on both sides of the seed metering inlet of the seed box; the seed metering plate 6.4 is used to apply force to the seeds in the individual seed suction port 6.2.1 during the rotation of the seed tray 6.2 to make the seeds detach from the seed suction port 6.2.1 and guide the seeds to fall into the seed metering inlet of the seed box; the highest point of the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6 is provided with a wheel chamber seed inlet, and the lowest point is provided with a wheel chamber seed discharging port, which is located below the seed box seed metering inlet; the two ends of the seed metering channel 6.5 are connected to the seed box seed discharging inlet and the wheel chamber seed inlet, respectively; the seed metering wheel 6.7 is rotatably installed in the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6 and is driven to rotate by the seed metering wheel drive component, and is provided with the same number of seed metering slots 6.7.1 as the number of seed suction ports along the circumference, and the multiple seed metering slots 6.7.1 are equally spaced; self-weight lever 6.8 is an arc-shaped sheet structure with a concave inner surface and a convex outer surface. The limiting end is rotatably connected to the seed metering groove 6.7.1 via a self-weight lever shaft 6.9, and the free end rotates relative to the self-weight lever shaft 6.9. The seed metering wheel 6.7 rotates from the free end towards the limiting end.

[0068] The movement process of the self-weight lever 6.8 is as follows: When the seed metering wheel 6.7 rotates to the highest point of the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6, the free end is subjected to inertia and flips outward to open the seed metering groove 6.7.1, and the seeds fall into the seed metering groove 6.7.1 from the seed inlet of the wheel chamber; when the seed metering wheel 6.7 rotates from the highest point of the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6 to the lowest point, the free end is squeezed inward by the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6 and flips inward to close the seed metering groove; when the seed metering wheel 6.7 rotates to the lowest point of the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6, the free end is subjected to its own weight and flips outward to open the seed metering groove 6.7.1, and the seeds are discharged from the seed metering outlet of the wheel chamber; when the seed metering wheel 6.7 rotates from the lowest point of the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6 to the highest point, the free end is squeezed inward by the seed metering wheel chamber 6.6 and flips inward to close the seed metering groove 6.7.1.

[0069] The aforementioned air-suction precision seed metering mechanism also includes a seed tube 6.10, which is connected to the seed box inlet I or the seed box inlet II, and is used to smoothly guide the seeds into the positive pressure area between the seed box end cover I 6.1.1 and the seed tray 6.2; in this embodiment, the seed box inlet I is used.

[0070] The aforementioned air-suction precision seed metering mechanism also includes a viewing cover 6.11; a viewing port is provided on the seed box end cover I 6.1.1; the viewing cover 6.11 is interference-fitted with the viewing port to monitor the number of seeds in order to determine whether to add seeds and to remove residual seeds.

[0071] The aforementioned air-suction precision seed metering mechanism also includes an air pump 6.12, which is connected to the seed box end cover II 6.1.2 via an air pipe, thereby creating a negative pressure area between the seed box end cover II 6.1.2 and the seed tray 6.2.

[0072] The aforementioned pneumatic suction precision seed metering mechanism also includes a seed metering groove wheel 6.13 and a seed metering dial 6.14. The center of the seed metering groove wheel 6.13 is connected to the center of the seed metering wheel 6.7 via an axle. The seed metering groove wheel 6.13 is uniformly provided with multiple concave arc grooves and radial grooves along the circumference, and the concave arc grooves and radial grooves are staggered. The seed metering dial 6.14 is provided with convex arc blocks that cooperate with the concave arc grooves and guide posts that cooperate with the radial grooves. The seed metering groove wheel 6.13 and the seed metering dial 6.14 constitute an intermittent motion groove wheel seed metering structure, which realizes precise seed discharge, precise and stable movement, and high efficiency.

[0073] In the above-mentioned air-suction precision seed metering mechanism, the seed disc drive is a seed disc motor 6.15, which is connected to the seed disc 6.2 via a connecting shaft; the seed metering wheel drive is a seed metering wheel motor 6.16, which is connected to the seed metering dial 6.14 via a connecting shaft.

[0074] The soil covering mechanism II5b is located after the air-suction precision seed metering mechanism and is used to cover the seeds with soil. Its structure is the same as that of the soil covering mechanism I5a.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] This embodiment provides a sowing method based on the above-mentioned broad bean precision sowing device, including the following steps:

[0077] S1, the soil is broken up and gathered into ridges by the two ridging plows 2.2 of the ridging plowing mechanism;

[0078] S2, use a furrowing plow 3.1 to make furrows on the ridge;

[0079] S3, adjust the position of the translational plate 4.2 and the fertilizer control baffle 4.5 in the translational precision fertilizer discharging mechanism according to the amount of fertilizer prepared, adjust the size of the area enclosed by the fertilizer control port and the fertilizer box discharge port and the actual capacity of the fertilizer discharging trough, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 4.1 enters the fertilizer discharging trough, the fertilizer discharging trough wheel 4.3 and the fertilizer control baffle 4.5 rotate, the fertilizer discharging trough rotates to the wheel chamber discharge port, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer discharging trough is discharged from the wheel chamber discharge port through the fertilizer discharging pipe 4.10 into the groove marked in step S2;

[0080] S4, the soil covering plate 5.3 in the rotating soil covering mechanism Ⅰ5a, covers the fertilizer with soil;

[0081] In S5, the seeds in the seed box 6.1 are adsorbed onto the seed suction port 6.2.1 of the seed tray 6.2. As the seed tray 6.2 rotates, the seed cleaning plate 6.3 removes the excess seeds adsorbed by the seed suction port 6.2.1, allowing each seed suction port 6.2.1 to adsorb a single seed. The seed suction port 6.2.1 with a single seed adsorbed rotates to the seed discharging plate 6.4. The seed discharging plate 6.4 applies force to remove the seed from the seed suction port 6.2.1. Guided by the seed discharging plate 6.4, the seed falls into the seed discharging port of the seed box. It then travels along the seed discharging channel 6.5 through the seed inlet of the seed chamber and falls into the seed discharging groove 6.7.1 of the seed discharging wheel 6.7.1. The seed discharging groove 6.7.1 rotates to the seed discharging port of the seed chamber, and the seeds in the seed discharging groove 6.7.1 are discharged from the seed discharging port of the seed chamber and fall onto the fertilizer covering layer in S4.

[0082] S6, the soil covering plate 5.3 in the rotating soil covering mechanism II 5b covers the seeds with soil, completing the sowing.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision chickpea seeding device, characterized in that, Including air-suction precision seeding mechanisms; The pneumatic precision seed metering mechanism includes a seed box, a seed tray, a seed tray drive, a seed cleaning lever, a seed metering lever, a seed metering channel, a seed metering wheel chamber, a seed metering wheel, a self-weight lever, and a seed metering wheel drive. The seed box includes a seed box end cover I, a seed box end cover II, and an annular side plate connecting the seed box end cover I and the seed box end cover II. The gas inside the seed box flows from the seed box end cover I to the seed box end cover II. The seed disc is rotatably installed in the seed box, parallel to the seed box end cover I and the seed box end cover II, and is driven to rotate by the seed disc drive component; The seed box end cover I is provided with a seed box inlet I or the annular side plate is provided with a seed box inlet II, and the seed box inlet II is located between the seed box end cover I and the seed tray; The annular side plate is provided with a seed box outlet, which is located between the seed box end cover I and the seed tray and is higher than the lowest point of the seed box. The seed tray is provided with multiple seed suction ports, which are evenly arranged around the center of the seed tray, and the size of the seed suction ports is adapted to the size of a single seed. The seed tray is fixed with the same number of guide plates as the seed suction ports on the side facing the seed box end cover I; Multiple guide plates are evenly arranged around the center of the seed tray, located inside the seed suction port and spaced apart from the seed suction port, to guide the seeds falling into the lowest point of the seed box to be adsorbed onto the seed suction port; The seed cleaning blade is fixedly installed between the seed box end cover I and the seed tray, and is equipped with seed cleaning serrations; The seed-cleaning serrations are located on the outside of the seed suction port and are used to remove excess seeds adsorbed by the seed suction port so that each seed suction port can adsorb a single seed. The seed metering plate is fixedly installed between the seed box end cover I and the seed tray, located between the seed box inlet and the seed box outlet; The highest and lowest points of the seed-laying plate are located on both sides of the seed-laying opening of the seed box; The seed dispensing plate is used to apply force to the seeds in a single seed suction port during the rotation of the seed tray, causing the seeds to detach from the seed suction port and guiding the seeds to fall into the seed dispensing port of the seed box. The highest point of the seed-discharging chamber is provided with a seed inlet, and the lowest point is provided with a seed-discharging outlet. The seed inlet is located below the seed-discharging outlet of the seed box. The two ends of the seed dispensing channel are respectively connected to the seed box dispensing port and the seed inlet of the wheel chamber; The seed metering wheel is rotatably installed in the seed metering wheel chamber and is driven to rotate by the seed metering wheel drive component. It has seed metering grooves with the same number of seed suction ports along the circumference, and the multiple seed metering grooves are arranged at equal intervals. The self-weight lever is an arc-shaped sheet structure with a concave arc surface on the inner side and a convex arc surface on the outer side. The limiting end is rotatably connected to the seed metering groove through the self-weight lever shaft, and the free end rotates relative to the self-weight lever shaft. The rotation direction of the seed metering wheel is from the free end to the limiting end.

2. The chickpea precision seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-suction precision seed metering mechanism also includes a seed tube, a viewing cover, an air pump, a seed metering groove wheel, and a seed metering dial. The seed tube is connected to either seed box inlet I or seed box inlet II; The end cap I of the seed box is provided with a viewing port; The viewing cover is connected to the viewing port; The air pump is connected to the seed box end cap II via an air pipe; The seed disc drive is a seed disc motor, which is connected to the seed disc via a connecting shaft; The center of the seed metering groove wheel is connected to the center of the seed metering wheel through a wheel axle. The seed metering groove wheel is uniformly provided with multiple concave arc grooves and radial grooves along the circumference, and the concave arc grooves and radial grooves are arranged alternately. The seed metering dial is provided with a convex arc block that mates with the concave arc groove and a guide post that mates with the radial groove. The seeding wheel drive is a seeding wheel motor, which is connected to the seeding dial via a connecting shaft.

3. The broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes a translational precision fertilizer discharge mechanism; The translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism includes a fertilizer box, a translational plate, a fertilizer dispensing wheel, a fertilizer dispensing wheel chamber, a fertilizer dispensing wheel drive component, a fertilizer control baffle, and a fertilizer dispensing pipe. The fertilizer box includes a closed fertilizer box side plate and a fertilizer box bottom plate located below the fertilizer box side plate, and a fertilizer box discharge port is provided on the fertilizer box bottom plate. The sliding plate can slide parallel to the bottom plate of the fertilizer tank. It is provided with a fertilizer control port and a baffle slot. The area enclosed by the fertilizer control port and the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer tank changes with the sliding of the sliding plate. The baffle slot is provided on the fertilizer control port and is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding plate. The fertilizer discharge trough wheel chamber is provided with a wheel chamber fertilizer inlet and a wheel chamber fertilizer outlet. The wheel chamber fertilizer inlet is located below the fertilizer box fertilizer outlet and fertilizer control outlet, and the wheel chamber fertilizer outlet is located below the wheel chamber fertilizer inlet. The fertilizer discharge wheel is rotatably installed in the fertilizer discharge wheel chamber and is driven to rotate by the fertilizer discharge wheel drive component. Multiple fertilizer discharge troughs are arranged circumferentially. The fertilizer control baffle is provided with a grooved wheel hole that meshes with the fertilizer discharge groove wheel. The fertilizer control baffle is sleeved on the fertilizer discharge groove wheel and rotates with the fertilizer discharge groove wheel. It extends out from the fertilizer inlet of the wheel chamber and is inserted into the baffle slot. It moves along the axial direction of the fertilizer discharge groove wheel with the translation plate. The fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the fertilizer discharge port of the wheel chamber.

4. The broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The translating plate is also provided with a nut slot parallel to the baffle slot; The nut slot is located outside the side plate of the fertilizer tank; The translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism also includes a translational control bolt and a fertilizer control nut; The translational control bolt is fixedly connected to the side plate of the fertilizer tank, perpendicular to the baffle slot and the nut slot; The control nut is rotatably sleeved on the translational control bolt and inserted into the nut slot.

5. The broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Connecting plates are installed on both sides of the fertilizer inlet of the wheel chamber, and the connecting plates are fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the fertilizer box; The translation plate is slidably inserted between the connecting plate and the bottom plate of the fertilizer box; The fertilizer tank is equipped with a fertilizer tank partition, which divides the fertilizer tank into multiple fertilizer chambers. Each fertilizer chamber is equipped with a corresponding fertilizer tank discharge port, fertilizer control port, baffle slot, fertilizer discharge wheel, fertilizer discharge wheel chamber, fertilizer discharge wheel drive component, fertilizer control baffle and fertilizer discharge pipe. The fertilizer discharge trough drive component is a fertilizer discharge trough motor, which is connected to the fertilizer discharge trough through a connecting shaft.

6. The broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes ridging and plowing mechanisms and ditching and plowing mechanisms; The ridging and plowing mechanism includes a ridging posture adjustment component, a linkage rod, and a linkage rod drive component; The two sets of ridging posture adjustment components are set opposite to each other, each including a ridging plow, a fixing component, a hinge, triangle plate I, a first connecting rod, triangle plate II, a second connecting rod, and a rocker arm; The ridging plow includes a ridging plow handle and a ridging plow head; The fastener includes mutually perpendicular horizontal beams and vertical beams; The first acute angle end of the triangular plate I is connected to the ridging plow handle via a hinge; The right-angle end of the triangular plate II is connected to the vertical beam via a hinge; The right-angle end of triangle I is connected to the first end of the first connecting rod via a hinge. The second end of the first connecting rod is connected to the first acute-angle end of triangle II via a hinge. The second acute-angle end of triangle II is connected to the second end of the second connecting rod via a hinge. The first end of the second connecting rod is connected to the second acute-angle end of triangle I and the ridging plow handle via a hinge. The two ends of the rocker arm are connected to the first connecting rod and the crossbeam respectively via hinges. The two ends of the linkage rod are fixedly connected to the triangular plates II on both sides, and are driven to rotate by the linkage rod drive component; the ditching and plowing mechanism is located between the two sets of ridging posture adjustment components, and includes a ditching plow with adjustable ditching depth.

7. The broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes the vehicle frame; The vehicle frame includes a frame base plate and wheels that are rotatably mounted on the frame base plate; The ridging and plowing mechanism, the ditching and plowing mechanism, the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism, and the air-suction precision seed dispensing mechanism are arranged sequentially on the chassis floor from front to back. Two sets of ridge-raising posture adjustment components are set on the left and right sides of the chassis base plate; The vertical beam of the fastener is vertically mounted on the chassis base plate; The ridging and plowing mechanism also includes a linkage limit assembly; The linkage limit assembly includes a locking plate, a locking buckle, and a locking plate; Two locking plates are fixed to the chassis base plate, and the locking plates are provided with locking plate grooves; The latch is provided with a latch groove, and the latch is inserted between two locking plates and is rotatably connected to the locking plates; The linkage rod passes through the locking plate groove; The latch rotates to press the latch groove against the linkage rod, thus restricting the translation of the linkage rod. The locking plate is used to fix the lock and the locking plate after the locking groove presses the linkage rod; The linkage drive component is a handrail, which is fixedly connected to the linkage rod; The fertilizer discharge pipe passes through the chassis floor plate.

8. The broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ditching and plowing mechanism also includes a ditching plow support plate and a ditching depth limiting component; The trenching plow support plate is fixed to the chassis base plate; The ditching plow includes a ditching plow handle and a ditching plow head. The ditching plow handle is provided with vertical strip holes and passes through the bottom plate of the vehicle frame. The trenching depth limiting component passes through the vertical strip hole and connects to the trenching plow support plate.

9. The broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes soil covering mechanism I and soil covering mechanism II; The soil covering mechanism I is located between the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism and the air-suction precision seed dispensing mechanism. The soil covering mechanism II is located after the air-suction precision seeding mechanism; The soil covering mechanism includes a soil covering angle control plate, a soil covering support plate, and a soil covering plate; The soil covering angle control plate and the soil covering support plate are fixed to the chassis bottom plate; The soil covering angle control plate is equipped with an arc track; The soil covering plate passes through the bottom plate of the vehicle frame and is rotatably connected to the soil covering angle control plate and the soil covering support plate. A guide post is provided on the side facing the soil covering angle control plate, and the guide post is inserted in the arc-shaped track.

10. A sowing method based on the broad bean precision sowing device according to claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, the soil is broken up and gathered into ridges by two ridging plows of the ridging plowing mechanism; S2, using a furrowing plow to create furrows on the ridge; S3, adjust the position of the translational plate and fertilizer control baffle in the translational precision fertilizer dispensing mechanism according to the amount of fertilizer pre-installed, adjust the size of the area enclosed by the fertilizer control port and the fertilizer box discharge port and the actual capacity of the fertilizer dispensing trough, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box enters the fertilizer dispensing trough, the fertilizer dispensing trough wheel and fertilizer control baffle rotate, the fertilizer dispensing trough rotates to the wheel chamber discharge port, the fertilizer in the fertilizer dispensing trough is discharged from the wheel chamber discharge port through the fertilizer dispensing pipe into the groove marked in step S2; S4, the soil covering plate in the rotating soil covering mechanism I, covers the fertilizer with soil; S5, the seeds in the seed box are adsorbed onto the seed suction port of the seed tray. As the seed tray rotates, the seed cleaning blade removes the excess seeds adsorbed by the seed suction port, allowing each seed suction port to adsorb a single seed. The seed suction port with a single seed adsorbed rotates to the seed discharging plate. The seed discharging plate applies force to release the seed from the seed suction port. Under the guidance of the seed discharging plate, the seed falls into the seed discharging port of the seed box. It then passes through the seed inlet of the seed chamber along the seed discharging channel and falls into the seed discharging groove of the seed discharging wheel. The seed discharging groove rotates to the seed discharging port of the seed chamber, and the seeds in the seed discharging groove are discharged from the seed discharging port of the seed chamber and fall onto the fertilizer covering layer of S4. S6, the soil covering plate in the rotating soil covering mechanism II, covers the seeds with soil to complete the sowing.

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