An adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of medical appliances, and discloses a self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis, comprising an upper plate assembly and a lower plate assembly, wherein a ball-and-socket joint mechanism is arranged between the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly, and the ball-and-socket joint mechanism completes the movement of the cervical facet joint under the drive of the cervical vertebral body, and a plurality of telescopic ligaments are connected around the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly, and the telescopic ligaments limit the movement limit of the ball-and-socket joint mechanism; the ball-and-socket joint mechanism comprises a movable rod, one end of the movable rod is cylindrical, and the other end is ball-shaped, the cylindrical end of the movable rod is connected to the inner side of the upper plate assembly, and a ball-and-socket slot is arranged on the inner side of the lower plate assembly, and the ball-and-socket end of the movable rod extends into the ball-and-socket slot to form a joint mechanism. The prosthesis of the present invention completes the movement of the cervical facet joint under the drive of the cervical vertebral body, and meets the position change of the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly caused by the complex movement mode, and the peripheral telescopic ligaments limit the movement of the ball-and-socket joint mechanism to avoid the facet interlocking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical appliances, and in particular to a self-adjustable cervical facet joint prosthesis. Background Art

[0002] The posterior ligamentous complex (PLC), also known as the posterior tension band, is composed of the supraspinous ligament (SSL), interspinous ligament (ISL), ligamentum flavum (LF) and facetjoint capsules (FJC). The cervical spine structure is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1. The intact PLC structure prevents excessive flexion, distraction, rotation, and translation of the spine. It has important clinical significance in maintaining normal strength and stiffness of the cervical spine, resisting posterior cervical distraction stress, and maintaining the physiological curvature of the cervical spine. When the PLC is damaged, the stability and range of motion (ROM) of the lower cervical spine are greatly affected, even if there is no cervical fracture or dislocation. The clinical symptoms are mainly manifested as cervical instability and excessive flexion. The treatment options for patients with this type of ligament injury can be divided into conservative or surgical treatment to prevent progressive deformity and spinal cord compression due to loss of posterior ligament tension. Since the 1910s, fusion surgery has been considered the most reliable method for treating PLC injuries. Posterior pedicle screw fixation has been widely used in thoracolumbar flexion-distraction injuries due to its significant effect in reconstructing the posterior tension band and restoring normal sagittal contours. However, spinal fusion is not suitable for treating patients with PLC injuries without fractures, especially for the cervical spine. Cervical fusion surgery can lead to loss of range of motion of the corresponding segment, thereby compensating for the increase in ROM of the adjacent segments. Previous biomechanical studies have shown that cervical fusion changes the motion pattern of adjacent segments, thereby increasing fixation stiffness and displacement of adjacent segments. In long-term follow-up, patients will have unavoidable complications such as adjacent segment degeneration.

[0003] Knee cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery using biologically derived tendons or artificial materials has been used for many years. Similar to knee cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, some patients with lower cervical spine injuries only have PLC injuries rather than structural vertebral injuries. If there is no structural fracture of the anterior and posterior columns of the cervical spine, in theory, artificial ligaments can also be used to connect the spinous process and lateral mass longitudinally to simulate the functions of the supraspinous, interspinous ligaments and joint capsule ligaments for non-fusion dynamic stability reconstruction of the cervical spine.

[0004] At present, the repair and reconstruction of the facet joint capsule in the posterior cervical artificial ligament repair and reconstruction surgery is mainly completed through the lateral inter-mass artificial ligament anchoring technology. The surgical steps are as follows (taking the cervical 4-6 three-segment surgery as an example):

[0005] 1. Make a cortical bone groove with a diameter of about 4m on both sides of the base of the spinous process of the 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae, and form a bone channel with a diameter of about 4m through the bone groove with the assistance of a point reduction clamp. Take the LARS ligament, pass the head end of the guide wire with the tendon through the spinous process channel of the 3rd cervical vertebra, and then pass through the spinous process channel of the 4th cervical vertebra on the same side to the opposite side, and then pass through the spinous process channel of the 6th cervical vertebra from the opposite side back to the same side. Fully pull the head and tail ends of the tendon, restore and maintain sufficient tension between the spinous processes, and cross the head and tail ends of the tendon and tightly suture and fix them.

[0006] 2. Make a bone channel with a diameter of about 4m and a depth of 1.5cm in the middle of the bilateral lateral masses of the C4, 5, and 6 vertebrae, parallel to the articular process articular surface. Place the head ends of the two LARS ligaments into the bone channel of the C4 lateral mass for about 1cm, and insert a hollow compression screw with a diameter of 4.7m and a length of 1.5cm into the channel to anchor the head ligament; bring the middle part of the ligament downward into the bone channel of the C5 lateral mass while maintaining appropriate tension, and insert a hollow compression screw with a diameter of 4.7m and a length of 1.5cm into the channel to anchor the middle ligament; continue to bring the tail end of the ligament downward into the bone channel of the C6 lateral mass while maintaining appropriate tension, and insert a hollow compression screw with a diameter of 4.7m and a length of 1.5cm into the channel to anchor the tail ligament. Intraoperative fluoroscopy showed that the anchoring screw was in a good position, the C4-6 vertebrae sequence was restored and maintained well, and the tension of the anchoring ligament was moderate; the schematic diagram is as follows Figure 2 .

[0007] The technical principle of the above operation is: bone channels are made in the middle of the bilateral lateral masses parallel to the articular process articular surface. The head ends of the two artificial ligaments are respectively placed in the bone channels of the cervical lateral masses for about 1 cm, and a hollow extrusion screw is placed in the channel of the lateral mass to anchor the head end ligament; the middle part of the ligament is brought downward into the bone channel of the cervical lateral mass under appropriate tension, and a hollow extrusion screw is also placed in the channel of the lateral mass to anchor the middle part of the artificial ligament; the same method is used to anchor the caudal ligament.

[0008] The above technology has the following disadvantages: 1. The existing artificial ligament anchoring technology between the lateral masses of the cervical spine can only complete the anatomical connection between the lateral masses at the back, which basically meets the stability requirements of the damaged articular process joint capsule; however, the existing technology is difficult to match and adapt to the biomechanical strength and performance of the cervical articular process joint in the six degrees of freedom of flexion and extension, left and right deviation, and axial rotation, and cannot achieve the repair and reconstruction of the posterior ligament of the cervical spine in human biomechanics. 2. Although the artificial ligament used in the existing artificial ligament anchoring technology between the lateral masses of the cervical spine is elastic, it cannot adapt to the complex movement pattern of the articular process joint, that is, the articular process joint will have a large degree of anterior and posterior displacement when the cervical spine is flexed and extended, and the range of motion is very small when it is lateral deviation and rotation. The existing ligament will limit the range of motion of the cervical spine during flexion and extension, and cannot ensure the maintenance of joint stability during lateral deviation and rotation. 3. Since the articular process joint is not a horizontal structure, on the contrary, it is at a certain angle to the horizontal plane and the sagittal plane. The normal joint diagram is shown in the attached joint diagram. Figure 3 As shown. If the facet joint angle is not good or the two sides are asymmetrical, it will lead to uneven force, which will lead to cervical degeneration, reverse arch and other problems; previous artificial facet joint prostheses could not adjust the facet joint angle, leaving hidden dangers. 4. Because the facet joint is a "head-to-head" anatomical structure, and the surrounding joint capsule is relatively weak and lacks restrictions, whether it is after the artificial ligament between the lateral masses is anchored, or it is a healthy facet joint, there is a risk of excessive forward and backward movement, the two joint surfaces will be offset, and joint locking (which can be understood as dislocation) will occur, as shown in the attached Figure 4 This situation often occurs when the patient over-exercises the cervical spine. When the lateral mass artificial ligament anchoring technique is used, the anatomical structure of the joint is destroyed, which makes joint locking more likely to occur. 5. When the surgeon uses the lateral mass artificial ligament anchoring technique, he needs to drill holes on the cervical lateral mass, destroying the bony structure of the lateral mass. There is a risk of cervical lateral mass fracture (once the fracture occurs, the patient faces the risk of spinal cord damage and cannot undergo secondary reconstruction surgery) and ligament failure after the operation. Summary of the invention

[0009] To address the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an adaptively adjustable cervical facet joint prosthesis for integrally replacing the cervical facet joint and restoring the biomechanical strength and performance of the cervical facet joint in multiple degrees of freedom of flexion and extension, lateral deviation, and axial rotation.

[0010] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0011] A self-adjustable cervical facet joint prosthesis comprises an upper plate assembly and a lower plate assembly, wherein a ball-and-socket joint mechanism is arranged between the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly, and the ball-and-socket joint mechanism cooperates with the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly to complete the movement of the cervical facet joint under the drive of the cervical vertebral body, and a plurality of telescopic ligaments are connected around the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly, and the telescopic ligaments limit the movement limit of the ball-and-socket joint mechanism;

[0012] The ball and socket joint mechanism includes a movable rod, one end of which is cylindrical and the other end is ball-head shaped. The cylindrical end of the movable rod is connected to the inner side of the upper plate assembly, and a ball socket groove is provided on the inner side of the lower plate assembly. The side wall of the ball socket groove matches the ball head shape of the movable rod, and the ball head end of the movable rod extends into the ball socket groove of the lower plate assembly to form a joint mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper plate assembly includes an upper outer plate and an upper inner plate, the lower plate assembly includes a lower inner plate and a lower outer plate, the movable rod of the ball and socket joint mechanism is arranged between the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate, and the two ends of the telescopic ligament are respectively connected to the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate; an upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the upper inner plate and the upper outer plate, and a lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the lower inner plate and the lower outer plate, and the upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism and the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism are used to adjust the angles of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is provided with four, which are respectively arranged at the four corners of the upper inner plate, the upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism includes an upper support rod and a telescopic motor, the telescopic motor is arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate, one end of the upper support rod is connected to the output end of the telescopic motor, and the other end is connected to the outer side of the upper inner plate through a ball joint, the telescopic motor drives the upper support rod to rise or fall to change the angle of the upper inner plate; the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is provided with four, which are respectively arranged at the four corners of the lower inner plate, the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism includes a lower support rod and a telescopic motor, the telescopic motor is arranged on the inner side of the lower outer plate, one end of the lower support rod is connected to the output end of the telescopic motor, and the other end is connected to the outer side of the lower inner plate through a ball joint, the telescopic motor drives the lower support rod to rise or fall to change the angle of the lower inner plate.

[0015] Furthermore, position sensors are installed at the four corners of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate, and the position sensors are coupled to the telescopic motor. The position sensors are communicatively connected to an external control terminal, and the external control terminal receives the position signal transmitted by the position sensor to control the telescopic motor to adjust the angle of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a connecting groove is provided on the inner side of the upper inner plate, and the columnar end of the movable rod is slidably connected in the connecting groove. A compression spring is provided at the root of the connecting groove, and the other end of the spring is connected to the movable rod.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a ligament adaptive adjustment module, which includes a central control module, a power module, and a telescopic control module. The power module provides power to the central control module and the telescopic control module, and the telescopic control module is communicatively connected to the central control module; the telescopic control module is arranged in the upper outer plate, the upper end of the telescopic ligament is transmission-connected to the output end of the telescopic control module, and the lower end of the telescopic ligament is fixedly connected to the lower outer plate; the ligament adaptive adjustment module monitors the active posture of the patient's cervical spine to adjust the tension of the telescopic ligament and regulates the telescopic extension of the telescopic ligament.

[0018] Furthermore, the telescopic control module includes a driving motor, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to a gear, the gear is meshed and connected to a transmission shaft in the upper outer panel, the other end of the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the upper outer panel, the axial direction of the transmission shaft is perpendicular to the telescopic direction of the telescopic ligament, the upper end of the telescopic ligament is wrapped around the transmission shaft, and the tension and length of the telescopic ligament are adjusted by the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor.

[0019] Furthermore, the central control module includes a processing unit, a tension detection module, and a posture detection module, and the tension detection module and the posture detection module are communicatively connected to the processing unit; the input end of the tension detection module is arranged on the telescopic ligament, and is used to monitor the tension of the telescopic ligament in real time; the posture detection module is provided with two groups, and the two groups of posture detection modules are respectively arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate, and are used to identify the posture of the neck when the human cervical spine moves; the processing unit adjusts the length of each telescopic ligament according to the monitoring data of the tension detection module and the posture detection module.

[0020] Furthermore, the ligament adaptive adjustment module further comprises a wireless transmission module, the wireless transmission module is communicatively connected to the central control module, and the wireless transmission module is communicatively connected to the in vitro control terminal;

[0021] The ligament adaptive adjustment module also includes a record storage module, which is communicatively connected to the central control module to store and record the collected data and determination results in the cloud.

[0022] Furthermore, the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate are runway-shaped, and the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate are square, with their central axes facing straight forward, and their central axes being inclined, converging from back to front to adapt to the angulation of the articular processes, wherein front and back are anatomical orientation terms, the one closer to the ventral surface of the body is the front, and the one closer to the ventral dorsal surface is the back; a number of barb structures are provided on the outer surfaces of the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate, which are used to rivet the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate to the bone surfaces of the upper vertebra and the lower vertebra.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The self-adaptive cervical articular process joint prosthesis of the present invention has a ball-and-socket joint mechanism which enables the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly to complete the movement of the cervical articular process joint under the drive of the cervical vertebral body, thereby meeting the position changes of the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly caused by complex movement patterns. The peripheral expansion ligaments can limit the range of motion of the ball-and-socket joint mechanism and avoid articular process locking.

[0025] The self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis of the present invention comprises an upper plate assembly and a lower plate assembly which form an inner and outer plate structure. The angles of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate (i.e., the facet joint surface angle) are adjustable and can be adjusted according to the requirements of different patients for the joint surface angle to achieve biomechanical adaptation.

[0026] The adaptively adjustable cervical facet joint prosthesis of the present invention can intelligently adjust the length of the telescopic ligament according to the tension of the ligament and the posture of the upper and lower plate assemblies, so as to match and adapt to the biomechanical strength, performance and stability requirements of the cervical facet joint in six degrees of freedom: flexion and extension, lateral deviation, and axial rotation; the length of the telescopic ligament is intelligently adjusted according to the movement conditions to adapt it to the requirements for the ligament in all movement modes, thereby further strengthening the protection and stability requirements of the joint capsule for the joint.

[0027] The self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis of the present invention avoids excessive operations such as drilling on the bone surface, directly replaces the damaged facet joint as a whole and combines it with the upper and lower vertebral bone surfaces by riveting, thereby increasing the safety and stability of the structure, improving the success rate of the operation, and reducing the probability of structural failure after the operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cervical spine structure;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of posterior cervical vertebra artificial ligament repair and reconstruction surgery in the prior art;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a normal facet joint;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of facet joint locking;

[0033] Figure 5 The overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention (removal of the stretch ligament);

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the inner side of the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is the installation schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 is a structural block diagram of the ligament adaptive adjustment module in the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the telescopic control module in the present invention.

[0039] Figure markings: 1-upper plate assembly, 2-lower plate assembly, 5-telescopic ligament, 6-position sensor, 11-upper outer plate, 12-upper inner plate, 13-upper support rod, 14-telescopic motor, 15-barb structure, 16-depth limiter, 21-lower outer plate, 22-lower inner plate, 23-lower support rod, 31-movable rod, 32-ball slot, 33-connecting slot, 34-spring, 41-central control module, 42-power module, 43-telescopic control module, 411-processing unit, 412-tension detection module, 413-posture detection module, 431-drive motor, 432-gear, 433-transmission shaft, 44-wireless transmission module, 45-recording and storage module, 51-ligament attachment point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians of the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] An adaptively adjustable cervical facet joint prosthesis, such as Figure 5-Figure 8As shown, it includes an upper plate assembly 1 and a lower plate assembly 2, a ball and socket joint mechanism is provided between the upper plate assembly 1 and the lower plate assembly 2, the ball and socket joint mechanism cooperates with the upper plate assembly 1 and the lower plate assembly 2 to complete the movement of the cervical articular process joints driven by the cervical vertebral body, and a plurality of telescopic ligaments 5 are connected around the upper plate assembly 1 and the lower plate assembly 2, and the telescopic ligaments 5 limit the movement limit of the ball and socket joint mechanism.

[0042] Further, the ball-and-socket joint mechanism includes a movable rod 31, one end of the movable rod 31 is cylindrical, and the other end is spherical, the cylindrical end of the movable rod 31 is connected to the inner side of the upper plate assembly 1, and a ball-and-socket slot 32 is provided on the inner side of the lower plate assembly 2, the side wall of the ball-and-socket slot 32 is hemispherical, matching the ball-and-socket shape of the movable rod 31, the depth of the ball-and-socket slot 32 is greater than or equal to the radius of the ball head of the movable rod, and the ball head end of the movable rod 31 extends into the ball-and-socket slot 32 of the lower plate assembly 2 to form a joint mechanism. The spherical end of the movable rod 31 can slide or rotate in the ball-and-socket slot 32 on the inner side of the lower plate assembly 2, and will not fall out of the ball-and-socket slot 32 when sliding to the edge of the ball-and-socket slot 32. Furthermore, a connecting groove 33 is provided on the inner side of the upper plate assembly 1, and the cylindrical end of the movable rod 31 is slidably connected in the connecting groove 33. A compression spring 34 is provided at the root of the connecting groove 33, and the other end of the spring 34 is connected to the movable rod 31, so that the movable rod 31 can slide and reset in the connecting groove 33 of the upper plate assembly 1 to meet the height change between the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly caused by complex movement modes.

[0043] The upper plate assembly 1 includes an upper outer plate 11 and an upper inner plate 12, and the lower plate assembly 2 includes a lower inner plate 22 and a lower outer plate 21. The movable rod 31 of the ball and socket joint mechanism is arranged between the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22, the ball and socket groove 32 is arranged on the inner side of the lower inner plate 22, and the connecting groove 33 is arranged on the inner side of the upper inner plate 12. Ligament attachment points 51 are arranged on the inner periphery of the inner sides of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21, and the two ends of the telescopic ligament 5 are respectively connected to the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21; an upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the upper inner plate 12 and the upper outer plate 11, and a lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the lower inner plate 22 and the lower outer plate 21. The upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism and the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism are respectively used to adjust the angles of the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22, and keep the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22 in a parallel state; the patient's requirements for the joint surface angle are met to achieve biomechanical adaptation.

[0044] Specifically, there are four upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanisms, which are respectively arranged at the four corners of the upper inner plate 12. The upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism includes an upper support rod 13 and a telescopic motor 14. The telescopic motor 14 is arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate 11. One end of the upper support rod 13 is connected to the output end of the telescopic motor 14, and the other end is connected to the outer side of the upper inner plate 12 through a ball joint (not shown in the figure). The telescopic motor 14 drives the upper support rod 13 to rise or fall to change the angle of the upper inner plate 12. There are four lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanisms, which are respectively arranged at the four corners of the lower inner plate 22. The lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism includes a lower support rod 23 and a telescopic motor. The telescopic motor is arranged on the inner side of the lower outer plate 21. One end of the lower support rod 23 is connected to the output end of the telescopic motor, and the other end is connected to the outer side of the lower inner plate 22 through a ball joint (not shown in the figure). The telescopic motor drives the lower support rod 23 to rise or fall to change the angle of the lower inner plate 22. Furthermore, position sensors 6 are installed at the four corners of the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22. The position sensors 6 are coupled to the telescopic motor, and the position sensors 6 are connected to the control terminal outside the body. The control terminal can be a computer or a mobile terminal, such as a smart tablet or a smart phone. The position signal transmitted by the position sensor can be received through the control terminal outside the body, and the telescopic motor can be controlled to adjust the angle of the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22, while ensuring that the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate remain parallel; the angle of the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22 is determined by the relative position of the position sensor to meet the patient's requirements for the angle of the articular surface, so as to achieve biomechanical adaptation. The corresponding angles of the two articular process joints installed on the left and right sides of the upper vertebral body 7 and the lower vertebral body 8 can also be adjusted to be the same.

[0045] Furthermore, the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21 are runway-shaped, and the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22 are square, with the central axes of the upper inner plate 12 and the lower inner plate 22 facing straight forward, and the central axes of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21 being inclined, converging from back to front to adapt to the angulation of the articular processes, wherein front and back are anatomical orientation terms, the one closer to the ventral surface of the body is the front, and the one closer to the ventral dorsal surface is the back.

[0046] The outer surfaces of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21 are provided with a plurality of barb structures 15 for riveting the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21 to the bone surfaces of the upper vertebral body 7 and the lower vertebral body 8. The outer edges of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21 are respectively provided with depth limiters 16 to prevent excessive depth during implantation.

[0047] During the operation, the bilateral articular process joints between the upper vertebra 7 and the lower vertebra 8 are removed as a whole, and the self-adjustable cervical articular process joint prosthesis is implanted as a whole. Figure 8As shown. The upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21 are fixed in the corresponding position by the riveting effect of the barb structure 15; excessive operations such as drilling on the bone surface are avoided, and the damaged articular process joint is directly replaced as a whole and combined with the upper and lower bone surfaces by riveting, which increases the safety and stability of the structure, improves the success rate of the operation, and reduces the probability of structural failure after surgery. The angles of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate are adjusted by the upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism and the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism, and the angles of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate are determined by the relative position of the position sensor to meet the patient's requirements for the angle of the articular surface. The angles of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate of the two adaptively adjustable cervical articular process joint prostheses on the left and right sides are adjusted to be the same, thereby achieving biomechanical adaptation.

[0048] Furthermore, it also includes a ligament adaptive adjustment module, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the ligament adaptive adjustment module includes a central control module 41, a power module 42, and a telescopic control module 43. The power module 42 provides power to the central control module 41 and the telescopic control module 43, and the telescopic control module 43 is in communication connection with the central control module 41. The telescopic control module 43 is arranged in the upper outer plate 11, the upper end of the telescopic ligament 5 is transmission-connected to the output end of the telescopic control module 43, and the lower end of the telescopic ligament 5 is fixedly connected to the lower outer plate 21. The central control module 41 monitors the posture of the patient's cervical spine to generate stress on the telescopic ligament 5, controls the telescopic control module 43 to work to drive the telescopic ligament 5 to extend and retract, so that the tension of the telescopic ligament 5 is always consistent during the cervical spine activity, ensures the stability of the adaptively adjusted cervical facet joint prosthesis, and prevents the facet joint surface from interlocking, so as to better meet the biomechanical properties.

[0049] The power module can be a removable battery or can be charged by wireless transmission. When the wireless transmission charging method is adopted, a wireless charging device needs to be adapted, and the wireless charging device is electrically connected to an external power source. The power module is charged by the wireless charging device so that the power module can continuously provide power to the electronic equipment in the prosthesis. Wireless transmission charging technology is a mature existing technology and will not be described here.

[0050] The central control module 41 includes a processing unit 411, a tension detection module 412, and a posture detection module 413. The tension detection module 412 and the posture detection module 413 are in communication with the processing unit 411. The input end of the tension detection module 412 is arranged on the elastic ligament 5, and is used to monitor the tension of the elastic ligament 5 in real time. The processing unit 411 regulates each elastic ligament 5 according to the patient's movement according to the monitoring data of the tension detection module 412. Preferably, the tension detection module 412 includes a strain type stress sensor, and the input end of the strain type stress sensor is placed on the elastic ligament 5. The strain type stress sensor senses the tension change of the elastic ligament when the elastic ligament moves, and then outputs a tension signal, which is used to monitor the tension change on the elastic ligament when the human cervical spine moves.

[0051] The posture detection module 413 is provided with two groups, and the two groups of posture detection modules 413 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21, and each group of posture detection modules 413 includes at least four detection units, and the four detection units are evenly arranged along the inner periphery of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21; the posture detection module 413 is composed of a displacement sensor, an acceleration sensor and a gravity sensor, and is used to monitor the recognition of the neck posture when the human cervical spine moves. The processing unit 411 cooperates with the tension detection module to adjust the length of each expansion ligament according to the position and movement of the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate monitored by the posture detection module 413.

[0052] The telescopic control module is as follows Fig.10 As shown, it includes a driving motor 431, the output shaft of the driving motor 431 is connected to the gear 432, the gear 432 is meshed and connected to the transmission shaft 433 in the upper outer plate 11, the other end of the transmission shaft 433 is rotatably connected to the upper outer plate 11, the axial direction of the transmission shaft 433 is perpendicular to the telescopic direction of the telescopic ligament 5, the upper end of the telescopic ligament 5 is wound around the transmission shaft 433, and the tension and length of the telescopic ligament 5 are adjusted by the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor 431.

[0053] After the present invention is implanted in the human body, as the human cervical spine is flexed and extended, lateralized, and axially rotated, each vertebra of the cervical spine can produce movements of different directions, angles, and accelerations. At the same time, as the movement of different states occurs, the cervical spine is also in different postures. Therefore, due to the movement of the vertebral body, each ligament unit will produce tension of different magnitudes, and produce different accelerations during the movement, and be in different positions. The tension detection module 412 monitors the tension of the telescopic ligament when the human body is moving in real time, and the posture detection module 413 monitors the position and movement state of the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate when the human body is moving in real time through a displacement sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a gravity sensor, and transmits the measured data to the processing unit 411 in real time. The processing unit 411 compares the data with the preset value, and outputs the adjustment result to the telescopic control module 43 according to the comparison result. The telescopic control module 43 works to adjust the length of the telescopic ligament 5. For example, when the patient's neck is flexed, the tension of the rear ligament unit increases, and the tension of the front ligament unit decreases; the distance between the rear upper and lower plate assemblies also increases, and the distance between the front upper and lower plate assemblies decreases, and the same applies to other movement directions. After receiving the tension and posture monitoring data, the central control module 41 outputs an adjustment command, drives the transmission shaft to rotate through the telescopic control module 43, and then adjusts the telescopic ligament to achieve the intelligent adjustment purpose of the joint capsule ligament, matching and adapting to the biomechanical strength, performance and stability requirements of the cervical articular process joint in six degrees of freedom of flexion and extension, left and right deviation, and axial rotation; intelligently adjusts the length of the telescopic ligament according to the movement situation to adapt it to the requirements for the ligament in all movement modes, and further strengthens the protection and stability requirements of the joint capsule for the joint.

[0054] Furthermore, the ligament adaptive adjustment module also includes a wireless transmission module 44, which is arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21, and the wireless transmission module 44 is communicatively connected to the central control module 41, and the wireless transmission module 44 is communicatively connected to the external control terminal; various states of the prosthesis and the patient's current neck activity can be transmitted to the external control terminal in real time through the wireless transmission module 44, and the patient and the doctor can understand the patient's current rehabilitation exercise status in real time, and can provide real-time personalized rehabilitation guidance based on the current results, further improve the quality and effect of the patient's postoperative rehabilitation training, and can further monitor the patient's daily cervical spine usage, and provide scientific guidance based on the results, so as to avoid unhealthy living habits that accelerate the occurrence of cervical spondylosis.

[0055] The ligament adaptive adjustment module also includes a recording storage module 45, which is arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate 11 and the lower outer plate 21, and the recording storage module 45 is connected to the central control module 41 in communication; during the entire use process, the collected data and judgment results can be stored and recorded in the cloud through the recording storage module 45. After collecting a large amount of data, through the analysis and processing of the data, the cervical spine movement pattern and movement of each patient are gradually explored, and the intelligent articular process joint adjustment for each patient is further personalized, thereby improving the reliability and adaptability of the present invention in patients. At the same time, after a large amount of data is collected, through big data analysis and processing, the biomechanical population data of the joint capsule ligament and articular process joint surface angle (the angle of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate) in the body are obtained, and the settings of various parameters of the device are further improved to achieve the precision and intelligence of the prosthesis adjustment.

[0056] Of course, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, technicians familiar with the field may make various corresponding changes and deformations based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformations should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptively adjustable cervical facet joint prosthesis, characterized in that: It includes an upper plate assembly and a lower plate assembly, wherein a ball-and-socket joint mechanism is arranged between the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly, and the ball-and-socket joint mechanism cooperates with the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly to complete the movement of the cervical vertebral facet joints under the drive of the cervical vertebral body, and a plurality of telescopic ligaments are connected around the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly, and the telescopic ligaments limit the movement limit of the ball-and-socket joint mechanism; The ball-and-socket joint mechanism comprises a movable rod, one end of which is cylindrical and the other end is ball-shaped, the cylindrical end of the movable rod is connected to the inner side of the upper plate assembly, a ball-and-socket slot is provided on the inner side of the lower plate assembly, the side wall of the ball-and-socket slot matches the ball-shaped end of the movable rod, and the ball-shaped end of the movable rod extends into the ball-and-socket slot of the lower plate assembly to form a joint mechanism; The upper plate assembly includes an upper outer plate and an upper inner plate, the lower plate assembly includes a lower inner plate and a lower outer plate, the movable rod of the ball-and-socket joint mechanism is arranged between the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate, the ball-and-socket slide groove is arranged on the inner side of the lower inner plate, and the two ends of the telescopic ligament are respectively connected to the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate; an upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the upper inner plate and the upper outer plate, and a lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the lower inner plate and the lower outer plate, and the upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism and the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism are used to adjust the angles of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate; The upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is provided with four, respectively arranged at the four corners of the upper inner plate, the upper inner plate angle adjustment mechanism comprises an upper support rod and a telescopic motor, the telescopic motor is arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate, one end of the upper support rod is connected to the output end of the telescopic motor, and the other end is connected to the outer side of the upper inner plate through a ball joint, and the telescopic motor drives the upper support rod to rise or fall to change the angle of the upper inner plate; the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism is provided with four, respectively arranged at the four corners of the lower inner plate, the lower inner plate angle adjustment mechanism comprises a lower support rod and a telescopic motor, the telescopic motor is arranged on the inner side of the lower outer plate, one end of the lower support rod is connected to the output end of the telescopic motor, and the other end is connected to the outer side of the lower inner plate through a ball joint, and the telescopic motor drives the lower support rod to rise or fall to change the angle of the lower inner plate; position sensors are installed at the four corners of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate, the position sensor is coupled to the telescopic motor, the position sensor is communicatively connected to the control terminal outside the body, the control terminal outside the body receives the position signal transmitted by the position sensor, and controls the telescopic motor to adjust the angle of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate; A connecting groove is provided on the inner side of the upper inner plate, and the cylindrical end of the movable rod is slidably connected in the connecting groove. A compression spring is provided at the root of the connecting groove, and the other end of the spring is connected to the movable rod; the height change between the upper plate assembly and the lower plate assembly caused by complex movement modes is met.

2. The self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a ligament adaptive adjustment module, which includes a central control module, a power module, and a telescopic control module. The power module provides power to the central control module and the telescopic control module, and the telescopic control module is communicatively connected to the central control module; the telescopic control module is arranged in the upper outer plate, the upper end of the telescopic ligament is transmission-connected to the output end of the telescopic control module, and the lower end of the telescopic ligament is fixedly connected to the lower outer plate. The ligament adaptive adjustment module monitors the active posture of the patient's cervical spine and the tension of the telescopic ligament, and regulates the telescopic extension of the telescopic ligament.

3. The self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic control module includes a drive motor, the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to a gear, the gear is meshed and connected to a transmission shaft in the upper outer plate, the other end of the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the upper outer plate, the axial direction of the transmission shaft is perpendicular to the telescopic direction of the telescopic ligament, the upper end of the telescopic ligament is wound around the transmission shaft, and the tension and length of the telescopic ligament are adjusted by the forward and reverse rotation of the drive motor.

4. The self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central control module includes a processing unit, a tension detection module, and a posture detection module, and the tension detection module and the posture detection module are communicatively connected to the processing unit; the input end of the tension detection module is arranged on the telescopic ligament, and is used to monitor the tension of the telescopic ligament in real time; the posture detection module is provided with two groups, and the two groups of posture detection modules are respectively arranged on the inner side of the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate, and are used to identify the neck posture when the human cervical spine moves; the control unit adjusts the length of each telescopic ligament according to the monitoring data of the tension detection module and the posture detection module.

5. The self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ligament adaptive adjustment module also includes a wireless transmission module, which is communicatively connected to the central control module, and the wireless transmission module is communicatively connected to the external control terminal; The ligament adaptive adjustment module also includes a record storage module, which is communicatively connected to the central control module to store and record the collected data and determination results in the cloud.

6. The self-adaptive cervical facet joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper outer plate and the lower outer plate are in a runway shape, and the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate are in a square shape. The central axes of the upper inner plate and the lower inner plate are facing forward, and the central axes of the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate are arranged obliquely, converging from back to front to adapt to the angulation of the articular processes, wherein front and back are anatomical orientation terms, the one closer to the ventral surface of the body is the front, and the one closer to the ventral dorsal surface is the back; the outer surfaces of the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate are provided with a plurality of barb structures, which are used to rivet the upper outer plate and the lower outer plate to the bone surfaces of the upper vertebra and the lower vertebra.

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