A machine learning based intelligent flow control method for vertical axis wind turbines

Abstract

A vertical axis wind turbine device contains a blade (1), a connecting rod (2), an intermediate shaft (3), a slip ring (4), a bottom plate (5), a top support (6), a motor (7), a slip ring fixer (8), a deep groove ball bearing and a bearing seat (9), the inside of the blade (1) includes a support rod (105), a connecting bottom plate (106), a blade top cover (107), a piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter. The incoming flow blows the blade (1) of the vertical axis wind turbine to drive the intermediate shaft (3) to rotate, and the synthetic jet exciter in the blade (1) generates synthetic jet under the action of alternating voltage to regulate and control the dynamic stall of the blade airfoil in the rotating process; the method of machine learning is used to intelligently control the change of alternating voltage with the rotation phase angle. The piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter is used to suppress the flow separation in the operation process of the vertical axis wind turbine, and the power generation efficiency of the traditional vertical axis wind turbine is improved. Reinforcement learning is used for autonomous optimization of the exciter, and the maximum wind turbine energy output is obtained through the minimum exciter energy input.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation, and more particularly to a machine learning-based intelligent flow control method for vertical axis wind turbines. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, wind turbines are mainly divided into vertical axis wind turbines and horizontal axis wind turbines. For small urban environments, vertical axis wind turbines have certain advantages, mainly in that: (1) vertical axis wind turbines can adapt to changes in wind direction without the need for a steering mechanism; (2) sensitive mechanical and electrical components can be placed on the ground, resulting in a simple and reasonable structure; (3) they are compactly arranged, reducing the floor space required. However, vertical axis wind turbines suffer from dynamic stall during blade rotation, leading to low power generation efficiency and limiting their application range. Therefore, flow control technology can be used on the blades to improve the flow separation problem during blade rotation, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine. Currently, flow control for vertical axis wind turbines is mainly based on passive flow control, such as vortex generators, flaps, etc. Li Xinbo, Yang Dengfeng, Wang Daolei, Li Xinkai. "A vertical axis wind turbine blade with flow guiding function", Application No.: CN201920374031, 2019. Sun Xiaojing, Zhang Xinyi. "Lift-type vertical axis wind turbine", application number: CN218206910U, 2022.). Active flow control primarily focuses on single airfoil flow control (Zhu H, Hao W, Li C, et al. Application of flow control strategy of blowing, synthesic and plasma jet actuators in vertical axis wind turbines[J]. Aerospace Science & Technology, 2019.), with less consideration given to the active flow control of the entire vertical axis wind turbine, and also less consideration given to the impact of actuator energy consumption on the overall efficiency of the wind turbine. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a vertical axis wind turbine device, which includes blades 1, connecting rods 2, intermediate shafts 3, slip rings 4, base plates 5, top supports 6, motors 7, slip ring retainers 8, deep groove ball bearings, and bearing seats 9; wherein...

[0004] Blade 1 adopts a NACA four-digit digital airfoil; there is a row of jet nozzles on the upper and lower surfaces of blade 1, and a row of piezoelectric synthetic jet exciters arranged along the span is placed inside the blade.

[0005] The connecting rod 2 is fixed to the inner surface of the blade 1 by a fixed connecting device. The connecting rod 2 is perpendicular to the blade 1 and is located on the central axis of the blade 1 with a span of M% on both sides. The two connection positions are located at the upper and lower N% span of the blade, and there are two connecting rods connecting one blade. The cross-section of the connecting rod is designed to be elliptical. The far end of the connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the blade 1, and its near end is fixedly connected to the intermediate shaft 3 by a fixed connecting device, so that it can rotate together with the intermediate shaft 3.

[0006] The intermediate shaft 3 is a vertical solid cylindrical rod, which is connected to the motor 7 through a fixed connection device. The lower end of the intermediate shaft 3 is fixed at approximately the center of the upper surface of the motor 7.

[0007] The base plate 5 is located on the motor 7, and its lower surface is fixed to the upper surface of the motor 7. The base plate 5 is used to connect with other fixed components that can provide support to fix the position of the overall vertical axis wind turbine. There is a through hole in the middle of the base plate 5, and the motor shaft extends out from the through hole in the middle of the base plate and is connected to the intermediate shaft 3 through a fixed connection device, so that the motor shaft and the intermediate shaft 3 can rotate synchronously.

[0008] The slip ring 4 is fixed to the lower end of the intermediate shaft 3 by a fixed connection device, but maintains a certain distance from the bottom of the intermediate shaft 3. This distance is used to arrange the lower end wire of the slip ring. The slip ring 4 is used to transmit electrical energy to the piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter on the rotating blade. Its stator part is on the outside. The rotational freedom of the slip ring stator part is constrained by the slip ring retainer 8 on the base plate 5. The wire at the stator of the slip ring is led out through the through hole on the base plate 5. The rotor part of the slip ring 4 is on the inside. The rotor part of the slip ring 4 rotates with the intermediate shaft 3 and leads the upper end wire of the slip ring into the blade 1 along the connecting rod 2 and connects it to the exciter, so that the wire rotates with the blade and prevents the wire from getting tangled when the wind turbine is running.

[0009] The slip ring holder 8 is in an overall "I" - shaped structure and consists of a lower "convex" - shaped base, a middle cylinder, and an upper rectangular block. The "convex" - shaped base is a thin sheet structure in the shape of a "convex". Two through - holes are drilled on each of the left and right sides of the lower part of the "convex" character for fixed connection with the bottom plate through a fixed connection device to fix the slip ring holder on the bottom plate. The cylinder stands at a position near the top of the upper part of the "convex" - shaped base and is fixedly connected to the "convex" - shaped base. The projection of the cylinder on the horizontal plane is symmetric about the symmetry axis of the projection of the "convex" - shaped base on the horizontal plane and is used to be inserted into the anti - rotation pieces on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part. The rectangular block is in an overall long - strip shape, lies flat on the top of the cylinder and is integrally formed with it. The length extension direction of the rectangular block is parallel to the length extension direction of the lower part of the "convex" - shaped base. The projection of the rectangular block on the horizontal plane is symmetric about the symmetry axis of the projection of the "convex" - shaped base on the horizontal plane. The lower base of the slip ring holder 8 is fixed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 5 near the anti - rotation pieces on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part through a fixed connection device, so that the slip ring holder 8 can hold the anti - rotation pieces protruding from both sides of the slip ring stator part through the middle cylinder to prevent the stator part from rotating together with the rotor part. The upper rectangular body is located above the anti - rotation pieces on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part to limit the height of the slip ring.

[0010] The top support 6 and the deep - groove ball bearing are used to support the upper part of the intermediate shaft 3 of the vertical - axis wind turbine. The top support 6 is a cross - beam with a rectangular cross - section. There is a rectangular base at the end of the cross - beam for connection with the side of the installation position. The rectangular base is fixedly connected to the side wall plate through a fixed connection device. There is a boss at the proximal end of the cross - beam. This boss is the platform at the proximal end of the top support 6, and the cross - section of this platform is larger than the rectangular cross - section of the top support 6, and their centers are both on the axis of the top support 6. The deep - groove ball bearing is fixed on its bearing seat, and the bearing seat also has a boss corresponding to the position of the boss of the top support 6. There are two holes on both sides of the two bosses, and the two bosses are fixed together through a fixed connection device to connect the top support 6, the deep - groove ball bearing, and the bearing seat 9. The intermediate shaft 3 is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the deep - groove ball bearing through a fixed connection device. The outer ring of the deep - groove ball bearing is fixed on its bearing seat. The bearing seat is connected to the outer ring of the bearing inside and to the boss of the top support 6 outside. The rectangular base of the top support 6 is connected to other fixed components that can provide support through a fixed connection device.

[0011] The upper surface of the motor 7 is fixed on the lower surface of the bottom plate 5. This motor is equipped with a Hall sensor and a drive circuit board, which are used to measure the rotational speed and supply current of the vertical - axis wind turbine respectively.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present invention,

[0013] The blade 1 has a chord length range of 0.1 - 10 m; an aspect ratio range of 3 - 5; and there is a row of jet holes with a diameter of 0.5 - 2 mm on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the blade 1.

[0014] The cross-section of the connecting rod 2 is designed as an ellipse, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 3 - 8, and the typical range of the major axis length is 10 - 30 mm;

[0015] The connecting rod 2, the intermediate shaft 3, and the top support 6 are made of high-strength metal materials.

[0016] In a specific embodiment of the present invention,

[0017] The blade 1 has an aspect ratio of 3; there is a row of jet ports with a diameter of 1 mm on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the blade 1, and the blade material is a high-performance plastic; three blades 1 are arranged vertically;

[0018] The connecting rod 2 is located at the positions where the spanwise directions on both sides of the blade 1 are 25% of the span, and the chordwise direction is located at 65% of the chord length from the leading edge. The two connection positions preferably are at 25% of the span of the upper and lower parts of the blade respectively; the length of the major axis of the elliptical cross-section of the connecting rod 2 is 20 mm; two horizontally arranged connecting rods 2 are used for each blade 1, and a total of six connecting rods 2 are used for the three blades 1. Among them, the upper three connecting rods 2 are located on the same horizontal plane, and the central angles of adjacent connecting rods 2 are equal. The lower three connecting rods 2 are also located on the same horizontal plane, and the connection method is the same as that of the upper three connecting rods 2;

[0019] Supporting frustums are arranged below the upper three connecting rods 2 and the lower three connecting rods 2, and the frustums are fixedly connected to the intermediate shaft 3 through a fixed connection device;

[0020] The bottom plate 5 is made of plexiglass;

[0021] The slip ring holder 8 is a thin plastic base in the shape of a "convex" character; the exposed sharp corners of the "convex" character base and the cuboid block are rounded;

[0022] The connecting rod 2, the intermediate shaft 3, and the top support 6 are made of aluminum alloy.

[0023] In another embodiment of the present invention,

[0024] The interior of the blade 1 includes: a support rod 105, a connecting bottom plate 106, a blade top cover 107, and a piezoelectric synthetic jet actuator, hereinafter the piezoelectric synthetic jet actuator will be simply referred to as the "actuator";

[0025] One blade contains one actuator, and each actuator is composed of a jet port 101, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102, an actuator cavity 103, and a metal frame 104;

[0026] The jet port 101 is a row of round holes with a total length slightly less than the span length, and is evenly distributed along the span;

[0027] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 is circular; multiple piezoelectric ceramic sheets 102 are arranged along the airfoil span, with the piezoelectric ceramic sheets lined up in a row and the total length being equivalent to the airfoil span.

[0028] The airfoil has jet nozzles 101 on both its inner and outer sides;

[0029] A set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 102 are fixed on a metal frame 104. The metal frame is a rectangular thin sheet with multiple circular through holes. The diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets is slightly larger than the diameter of the through holes. A set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets is fixed on the metal frame at the through hole positions. The piezoelectric ceramic sheets are coaxial with the through holes and are used as a module. All negative terminals of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are in reliable contact with the metal frame, which is equivalent to a common negative terminal.

[0030] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the metal frame are fixed longitudinally by the blade top cover 107, and the blade top cover 107 is connected to the upper and lower sides of the blade 1 by a fixing connection device; the blade top cover 107 and the blade 1 are sealed.

[0031] The support rod 105 is a round rod with the same length as its span, which extends through the blade 1 in the spanwise direction;

[0032] The upper surface of the connecting base plate 106 is the airfoil surface of the blade, and the lower surface is a flat surface. It is installed at the end of the connecting rod. The connecting base plate 106 and the connecting rod 2 are inserted into the notch at the blade's span. The connecting base plate 106 and the connecting rod 2 are fixed to the blade by a fixing connection device.

[0033] In yet another embodiment of the invention,

[0034] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102, the actuator cavity 103, and the metal frame 104 are located approximately at 28% of the chord length of the blade 1.

[0035] The jet inlet 101 is located at 10-20% of the chord length of the airfoil, preferably 10%;

[0036] The diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 ranges from 20 to 50 mm, preferably 35 mm; the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 is arranged at 28% chord length of the airfoil.

[0037] The central axis of the metal frame 104 is located at 28% chord length of the blade. A set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are bonded to the metal frame at the through-hole position.

[0038] A gasket is used to seal between the blade top cover 107 and the blade 1;

[0039] The chord of support rod 105 is located at 65% of the chord length of blade 1;

[0040] The connecting base plate 106 and the connecting rod 2 are inserted into the notch at 25% of the blade's span.

[0041] The metal frame 104, support rod 105 and connecting base plate 106 are made of aluminum alloy, iron or high-strength steel; the blades are made of ABS plastic, carbon fiber or other insulating materials.

[0042] The specific operating process of the aforementioned vertical axis wind turbine is as follows: the incoming flow blows the blades 1 of the vertical axis wind turbine, causing the intermediate shaft 3 to rotate. At the same time, the synthetic jet exciter in the blades 1 generates a synthetic jet under the action of alternating voltage, which regulates the dynamic stall of the airfoil during rotation. The alternating voltage is intelligently regulated by machine learning methods to change with the rotation phase angle. The method is verified by measuring the overall velocity distribution of the flow field cross section using particle image velocimetry.

[0043] The aforementioned vertical axis wind turbine, because both the inner and outer sides of the blade are affected by wind, and the blade is a symmetrical airfoil, has jet inlets 101 on both the inner and outer sides of the airfoil. The piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter can simultaneously control the flow on both sides. The basic working principle of the exciter generating the jet is: a sinusoidal voltage is simultaneously applied to all piezoelectric ceramic plates; due to the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric ceramic plates will vibrate, causing periodic compression and expansion of the exciter cavities on both the inner and outer sides of the vertical axis wind turbine, further generating a periodic "blowing-inhaling-blowing-inhaling" cycle at the jet inlet 101, i.e., a synthetic jet; this synthetic jet can suppress the dynamic stall of the airfoil under high angle of attack, thereby improving the lift-to-drag ratio of a single blade and increasing the power generation efficiency of the vertical axis wind turbine.

[0044] The specific method for intelligent flow control of the aforementioned vertical axis wind turbine using reinforcement learning includes the following steps;

[0045] Step 1: Initialize system parameters; including initializing environment, state, action, reward, and control rate parameters;

[0046] Step 2: Obtain the current status of the vertical axis wind turbine through the motor drive circuit board and laser velocimeter. The controller outputs control commands, i.e., actions, based on the control rate after initialization or the control rate obtained during training. The controller adjusts the amplitude of the exciter's power supply voltage and amplifies it through a high-voltage amplifier before supplying it to the exciter. Simultaneously, the status monitoring system monitors the exciter in real time to obtain new status updates. ;

[0047] Step 3: Instantaneous power generation from wind turbines With the power consumed by the actuator The difference Calculate the state in the controller and Control Rewards , The larger the better; the current state State Actions taken The new state obtained and the rewards received The experience samples are stored in the experience database and then fed into the execution network for training, based on different states. Take action in the following circumstances Based on the expected reward, select actions that maximize the expected reward value to improve the control rate, ultimately obtaining actions that maximize the total reward value;

[0048] The environment is the wind turbine's flow field, operating at a constant speed, with the motor speed detected by a Hall effect sensor; the corresponding state... Rotation angle of vertical axis wind turbine and wind turbine torque Among them, rotation angle Use the current time Divide by rotation period Get the current time The rotation period was obtained through a data acquisition card. Measured by a laser velocimeter, i.e. Wind turbine rotational torque Obtained from the motor drive circuit board; Action The amplitude of the power supply voltage to the synthetic jet exciter is adjusted via a signal generator and a high-voltage amplifier; (Reward) Instantaneous power generation of wind turbines With the power consumed by the actuator The difference The larger this difference, the greater the net benefit the wind turbine gains after applying flow control in a certain state, and therefore more rewards should be given; the control law of active flow control is the state... To action The function mapping relationship is optimized using a reinforcement learning framework; the ultimate goal is to maximize the efficiency of wind turbines with minimal energy. .

[0049] This invention utilizes a piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter to suppress flow separation during the operation of a vertical axis wind turbine, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of traditional vertical axis wind turbines. Furthermore, this method employs reinforcement learning to autonomously optimize the exciter, achieving the maximum wind turbine energy output with the minimum exciter energy input.

[0050] The advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0051] 1. Traditional vertical axis wind turbines have low efficiency. This invention designs a novel vertical axis wind turbine structure and uses a piezoelectric synthetic jet method for active flow control, thereby improving the efficiency of the vertical axis wind turbine.

[0052] 2. Traditional piezoelectric synthetic jet exciters mainly use single-sided jets. This invention realizes a bidirectional jet method on the symmetrical airfoil of a vertical axis wind turbine blade, which simplifies the structure of the exciter.

[0053] 3. Traditional active flow control methods for vertical axis wind turbines are relatively simple, mainly relying on manual parameter adjustment. This is costly, time-consuming, and difficult to determine if the adjustment is optimal. This invention uses reinforcement learning to autonomously optimize the parameters of piezoelectric synthetic jets, achieving good optimization results. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood in conjunction with the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Figure 1 The overall structure of the vertical axis wind turbine is shown, in which Figure 1 (a) shows an isometric view of a vertical axis wind turbine. Figure 1 (b) Shows a side view of a vertical axis wind turbine;

[0056] Figure 2 The diagram shows the specific structure of the blade, in which... Figure 2 (a) shows the overall structure of the blade. Figure 2 (b) shows the horizontal cross-sectional structure of the blade. Figure 2 (c) shows the vertical cross-sectional structure of the blade;

[0057] Figure 3 This demonstrates a specific method for intelligent flow control using reinforcement learning. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To achieve optimal flow control results with minimal energy consumption, continuously varying energy input to the exciter is required. Therefore, reinforcement learning can be used to autonomously optimize the exciter parameters, thereby improving the overall energy conversion efficiency of the vertical axis wind turbine. Based on this, this invention proposes a machine learning-based intelligent flow control method for vertical axis wind turbines. This method utilizes a single piezoelectric element to generate bidirectional jets inside and outside the vertical axis wind turbine blades, and employs reinforcement learning to regulate the energy input of the piezoelectric composite jets to obtain the optimal energy input and improve power generation efficiency.

[0059] Figure 1The overall structure of the vertical axis wind turbine is shown. The device mainly includes blades 1, connecting rods 2, intermediate shaft 3, slip rings 4, base plate 5, top support 6, motor 7, slip ring retainer 8, deep groove ball bearings and bearing housings 9.

[0060] Blade 1 adopts a NACA four-digit digital airfoil, with a typical chord length ranging from 0.1 to 10 meters. A larger chord length allows for greater airflow capture and thus greater power generation. The aspect ratio ranges from 3 to 5, with 3 being preferred. Figure 2 As shown, each of the upper and lower surfaces of blade 1 has a row of jet nozzles with a diameter of 0.5-2 mm (preferably 1 mm), and a row of piezoelectric synthetic jet exciters arranged along the spanwise direction are placed inside the blade for active flow control. The blade is typically made of high-performance plastic. Its specific structure is described below. In one specific embodiment of the invention, three blades 1 are used, placed vertically.

[0061] Connecting rod 2 is bolted to the inner surface of blade 1. Connecting rod 2 is perpendicular to blade 1, with its spanwise position at 25% of the blade's span and its chordwise position at 65% of the leading edge. This design reduces air resistance from the support components while maintaining the overall structural strength of the vertical axis wind turbine. Each blade is connected by two connecting rods, preferably at 25% span on the top and bottom of the blade, respectively. The connecting rod has an elliptical cross-section with a major-to-minor axis ratio of 3-8. The major axis length typically ranges from 10-30 mm (preferably 20 mm), and the typical material is aluminum alloy. In one specific embodiment of the present invention, each blade 1 uses two horizontally arranged connecting rods 2, and the three blades 1 use a total of six connecting rods 2. The upper three connecting rods 2 are located on the same horizontal plane, and the central angles of adjacent connecting rods 2 are equal. Their far ends are fixedly connected to the blades 1, and their near ends are fixedly connected to the same position of the intermediate shaft 3 by bolts, so that they can rotate together with the intermediate shaft 3. The lower three connecting rods 2 are also located on the same horizontal plane, and the connection method is the same as that of the upper three connecting rods 2.

[0062] The intermediate shaft 3 is a vertical, solid cylindrical rod connected to the motor 7 via set screws. The lower end of the intermediate shaft 3 is fixed to approximately the center of the upper surface of the motor 7. The connecting rods 2 and the intermediate shaft 3 can be made of high-strength metal (preferably aluminum alloy). To better support the connecting rods 2, a supporting frustum is provided below the upper three connecting rods 2 and the lower three connecting rods 2. This frustum is fixedly connected to the intermediate shaft 3 via set screws, thus supporting the connecting rods 2.

[0063] The base plate 5 is located above the motor 7, and its lower surface is fixed to the upper surface of the motor 7. The base plate 5 is used to connect with other supporting components to fix the overall vertical axis wind turbine position. Typical materials include plexiglass for ease of processing. The base plate 5 consists of upper and lower parts, with the upper part having a smaller horizontal projected area than the lower part (the upper and lower parts are used to assemble and fix the turbine to the actual installation location, such as a wind tunnel base plate; alternatively, the upper and lower parts can be omitted, as long as the installation location requirements are met). A through hole is present in the middle of the base plate 5, through which the motor shaft extends and connects to the intermediate shaft 3 using set screws, allowing the motor shaft and intermediate shaft 3 to rotate synchronously.

[0064] The slip ring 4 is fixed to the lower end of the intermediate shaft 3 by a set screw, but maintains a certain distance from the bottom of the intermediate shaft 3. This distance is used to arrange the lower end wire of the slip ring. The slip ring 4 is used to transmit electrical energy to the piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter on the rotating blade. Its stator part is on the outside, and the rotational freedom of the slip ring stator part is constrained by the slip ring retainer 8 on the base plate 5. The wire at the slip ring stator is led out through the through hole on the base plate 5. The rotor part of the slip ring 4 is on the inside. The rotor part of the slip ring 4 rotates with the intermediate shaft 3 and leads the upper end wire of the slip ring into the blade 1 along the connecting rod 2 and connects it to the exciter, so that the wire can rotate with the blade and prevent the wire from getting tangled when the wind turbine is running.

[0065] The slip ring retainer 8 has an overall "I"-shaped structure, consisting of a lower "convex"-shaped base, a middle cylindrical body, and an upper rectangular locking block, as shown below. Figure 1As shown in (b). The "convex"-shaped base is a thin plastic base in the shape of a "convex". Two through holes are drilled on the left and right sides of the lower part of the "convex" character for fixed connection with the bottom plate through bolts, so as to fix the slip ring holder on the bottom plate. The cylinder stands at a position near the top of the upper part of the "convex"-shaped base and is fixedly connected to the "convex"-shaped base. The projection of the cylinder on the horizontal plane is symmetric about the symmetry axis of the projection of the "convex"-shaped base on the horizontal plane, and is used to be inserted into the anti-rotation pieces on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part (the installation sequence is to first fix the slip ring on the shaft through a set screw, then insert the slip ring holder from the side, and then fix the slip ring holder on the bottom plate). The rectangular block is in a long strip shape as a whole, lies flat on the top of the cylinder and is integrally formed with it. The length extension direction of the rectangular block is parallel to the length extension direction of the lower part of the "convex"-shaped base. The projection of the rectangular block on the horizontal plane is symmetric about the symmetry axis of the projection of the "convex"-shaped base on the horizontal plane. The lower base of the slip ring holder 8 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate 5 near the anti-rotation pieces on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part, so that the slip ring holder 8 can hold the anti-rotation pieces protruding from both sides of the slip ring stator part through the middle cylinder, so as to limit the rotational freedom of the slip ring stator part and prevent the stator part from rotating together with the rotor part. The upper rectangular body is located above the anti-rotation pieces on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part, restricting the height of the slip ring. Since the slip ring holder 8 is not subjected to much force, the material can be selected as plastic material. For the purpose of removing sharp edges and preventing bumps, the exposed sharp corners of the "convex"-shaped base and the rectangular block can be rounded.

[0066] In addition, to prevent the overall vertical axis wind turbine from tipping or bending at higher wind speeds, a top support 6 and a deep groove ball bearing are used to support the upper part of the intermediate shaft 3 of the vertical axis wind turbine. The top support 6 is a crossbeam with a rectangular cross-section. There is a rectangular base at the end of the crossbeam (the far end away from the intermediate shaft 3) for connection with the side wall (not shown) of the installation position. The rectangular base is fixedly connected to the side wall plate through bolts, playing a role in supporting the intermediate shaft and preventing it from shaking during rotation; there is a boss at the proximal end of the crossbeam (the proximal end close to the intermediate shaft 3). This boss is the platform at the proximal end of the top support 6, and the cross-section of this platform is larger than the rectangular cross-section of the top support 6. The centers of both are on the axis of the top support 6. The deep groove ball bearing is fixed on its bearing seat, and the bearing seat also has a boss corresponding to the position of the boss of the top support 6. There are two holes on both sides of the two bosses, and the two bosses can be fixed together through bolts to connect the top support 6 with the deep groove ball bearing and the bearing seat 9. The intermediate shaft 3 is fixed to the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing through a fastening screw, playing a role in supporting the intermediate shaft 3. The outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing is fixed on its bearing seat. The bearing seat is connected to the outer ring of the bearing inside and the boss of the top support 6 outside. The rectangular base of the top support 6 is connected to other fixed components that can provide support (such as the side wall surface in a wind tunnel experiment) through bolts. The typical material of the top support can be selected as high-strength metal material (preferably aluminum alloy).

[0067] The upper surface of motor 7 is fixed to the lower surface of base plate 5. This motor is equipped with a Hall sensor and a drive circuit board, which can be used to measure the rotational speed and supply current of the vertical axis wind turbine, respectively. The product of the supply current and the motor torque coefficient is the torque, and the product of the torque and the rotational speed is the power. This allows for the evaluation and measurement of the wind turbine's output power.

[0068] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 The internal structure of the blade 1, besides the blade itself, mainly includes a jet inlet 101, a piezoelectric ceramic plate 102, an actuator cavity 103, a metal frame 104, a support rod 105, a connecting base plate 106, and a blade top cover 107. Each blade contains one piezoelectric synthetic jet actuator, and each actuator is composed of the jet inlet 101, the piezoelectric ceramic plate 102, the actuator cavity 103, and the metal frame 104. The piezoelectric ceramic plate 102, the actuator cavity 103, and the metal frame 104 are approximately located at 28% chord length of the blade 1.

[0069] The jet nozzle 101 is a row of circular holes with a total length slightly less than the span, evenly distributed along the span, located at 10-20% of the chord length of the airfoil, preferably 10%.

[0070] The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 is circular, with a typical diameter ranging from 20-50 mm. A diameter of 35 mm is preferred to reduce the number of actuators and increase the jet velocity angle. The structure and working principle of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here. Multiple piezoelectric ceramic sheets 102 are arranged along the airfoil span (seven in the example shown in the figure). Considering the airfoil structure arrangement, the piezoelectric ceramic sheets 102 are positioned at 28% chord length of the airfoil. The piezoelectric ceramic sheets are arranged in a line, with a total length approximately equal to the airfoil span.

[0071] Since the blades of a vertical axis wind turbine are affected by wind on both the inner and outer sides, and the blades are symmetrical airfoils, jet inlets 101 are opened on both the inner and outer sides of the airfoil. The piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter can simultaneously control the flow on both sides. The basic working principle of the exciter generating the jet is as follows: a sinusoidal voltage (frequency 100-5kHz, voltage range: 20-200V) is simultaneously applied to all piezoelectric ceramic plates; due to the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric ceramic plates will vibrate, causing periodic compression and expansion of the exciter cavities on both the inner and outer sides of the vertical axis wind turbine, further generating a periodic "blowing-inhaling-blowing-inhaling" (i.e., synthetic jet) at the jet inlets 101. This synthetic jet can suppress the dynamic stall of the airfoil under high angle of attack, thereby improving the lift-to-drag ratio of a single blade and increasing the power generation efficiency of the vertical axis wind turbine.

[0072] This invention fixes a set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets onto a metal frame 104. The central axis of the metal frame 104 is located at 28% chord length of the blade. The metal frame is a rectangular thin sheet with multiple circular through holes. The diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets is slightly larger than the diameter of the through holes. A set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets is bonded to the metal frame at the through hole positions, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic sheets and the through holes are basically coaxial, serving as a module. On the one hand, all the negative terminals of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are in reliable contact with the metal frame, equivalent to a common negative terminal, simplifying the negative terminal connection; on the other hand, this modular structure can be pulled out and inserted along the spanwise direction of the airfoil, facilitating overall replacement and greatly increasing the maintainability of the entire vertical axis wind turbine active flow control system.

[0073] To secure the piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the metal frame longitudinally, a blade top cover 107 is used, which is connected to the upper and lower sides of the blade 1 by bolts. To prevent gas leakage, a gasket is used to seal between the blade top cover 107 and the blade 1.

[0074] The support rod 105 is a round rod with the same length as its span. Its chord direction is located at 65% of the chord length of the blade 1, and its span direction runs through the blade 1. It is mainly used to bear the centripetal force when the blade rotates.

[0075] The upper surface of the connecting base plate 106 is the airfoil-shaped surface of the blade, and the lower surface is a flat surface. It is installed at the end of the connecting rod. The connecting base plate 106 (i.e., the hinge-like component shown in the figure) and the connecting rod 2 are inserted into the notch at 25% of the blade's span. This notch is specially designed for this invention. The connecting base plate 106 and the connecting rod 2 are fixed to the blade by means of, for example, bolts. The longitudinal cross-section of the connecting base plate 106 connected to the connecting rod 2 is not shown in the figure, but the transverse cross-section is shown in Figure (c). The support rod 105 bears the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the vertical axis wind turbine, thereby reducing the vibration load during the operation of the vertical axis wind turbine and increasing its service life. The support rod 104 and the connecting base plate 106 can be made of materials such as aluminum alloy, iron, and high-strength steel (preferably high-strength steel). The blade is made of ABS plastic, carbon fiber, or other insulating materials. While ensuring the strength of the blade through the support rod 105, the weight of the blade is reduced, and the cost of the blade is also reduced.

[0076] The specific operation process of this vertical axis wind turbine is as follows: the incoming flow blows the blades 1 of the vertical axis wind turbine, causing the intermediate shaft 3 to rotate. At the same time, the synthetic jet exciter in blade 1 generates a synthetic jet under the action of alternating voltage, which regulates the dynamic stall of the airfoil during rotation. The alternating voltage is intelligently regulated by changing with the rotation phase angle using machine learning methods. Finally, the method is verified by measuring the overall velocity distribution of the flow field cross section using particle image velocimetry.

[0077] Figure 3This paper illustrates a specific method for intelligent flow control of a vertical axis wind turbine using reinforcement learning, which includes the following steps.

[0078] Step 1: Initialize system parameters, including environment, status, actions, rewards, and control rate.

[0079] Step 2: Obtain the current status of the vertical axis wind turbine through the motor drive circuit board and laser velocimeter. The controller outputs control commands (i.e., actions) based on the control rate after initialization or the control rate obtained during training. The controller adjusts the amplitude of the exciter's power supply voltage and amplifies it through a high-voltage amplifier before supplying it to the exciter. Simultaneously, the status monitoring system monitors the exciter in real time to obtain new status updates. ;

[0080] Step 3: Instantaneous power generation from wind turbines With the power consumed by the actuator The difference Calculate the state in the controller and Control Rewards , The larger the better. (Regarding the current state) State Actions taken The new state obtained and the rewards received The experience samples are stored in the experience database and then fed into the execution network for training, based on different states. Take action in the following circumstances Based on the expected reward, select actions that maximize the expected reward value to improve the control rate, ultimately obtaining actions that maximize the total reward value.

[0081] The environment is the wind turbine's flow field, operating at a constant speed, with the motor speed detected by a Hall effect sensor. The corresponding state... Rotation angle of vertical axis wind turbine and wind turbine torque Among them, rotation angle Available current time Divide by rotation period Get, where the current time is The rotation period was obtained through a data acquisition card. Measured by a laser velocimeter, i.e. Wind turbine rotational torque It can be obtained from a motor drive circuit board ("motor drive circuit board" belongs to the circuit measurement and control components outside of this invention, and is a component that is integrated into the motor used). Action The amplitude of the power supply voltage to the synthetic jet exciter can be adjusted using a "signal generator + high-voltage amplifier" (the "signal generator + high-voltage amplifier" is a circuit control component outside of this invention; this circuit control component includes a signal generator and a high-voltage amplifier, the signal generator inputs the voltage signal to the high-voltage amplifier for amplification, and then inputs the amplified voltage signal to the exciter); reward Instantaneous power generation of wind turbines With the power consumed by the actuator The difference The larger this difference, the greater the net benefit the wind turbine gains after applying flow control in a certain state, and therefore more rewards should be given. The control law of active flow control is the state... To action The function mapping relationship can be optimized using a reinforcement learning framework (Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning[J].Nature, 2015,518(7540):529-533,a3.). The ultimate goal is to maximize the efficiency of wind turbines with minimal energy. . Specific Implementation

[0082] The specific process of reinforcement learning optimizing the control law is as follows:

[0083] Step 1: Randomly initialize the control law; this includes randomly initializing the environment, state, actions, rewards, and control law. The physical meaning of the specific parameters is shown above.

[0084] Step 2: The motor drive circuit board and laser velocimeter determine the current status of the vertical axis wind turbine. Monitoring is performed (specific methods are shown above), and the control rate is the state. To action The function mapping relationship allows the controller to output control commands (i.e., actions) according to the control rate after initialization or the control rate obtained during training. Adjusting the power supply voltage amplitude of the synthetic jet exciter, for example, by outputting and adjusting the power supply voltage amplitude on a host computer via LabVIEW, yields a new state. ;

[0085] Step 3: Instantaneous power generation from wind turbines With the power consumed by the actuator The difference Calculate state and Control Rewards , will use experience samples (including states) State Actions taken The new state obtained and the rewards received The samples are packaged into a group and stored in the experience database. The order of each group of experience samples is shuffled. Specifically, the order of each group of experience samples is shuffled so that there is no time order (each group includes the above 4 types of samples), so that they are independent so that the network can be updated normally in the future.

[0086] Step 4: Based on the experience samples (i.e., states) obtained in Steps 2 and 3 State Actions taken The new state obtained and the rewards received Using PPO (Schulman J, Wolski F, Dhariwal P, et al. Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms[J]. 2017.DOI:10.48550 / arXiv.1707.06347.), actor-critic (Degris T, White M, Sutton R S. Off-PolicyActor-Critic[J]. 2012.DOI:10.48550 / arXiv.1205.4839.) or other learning frameworks to compute and update the execution network, different states are obtained. Take action in the following circumstances The expected reward is calculated, and actions with higher reward values ​​are selected based on this expectation.

[0087] Step 5: Repeat steps 2 to 4 until the total reward value stabilizes, then determine the action that maximizes the total reward value. The optimal control law is obtained by taking the action that maximizes the total reward value. This means controlling the actuator input voltage at different vertical axis wind turbine rotation angles to control the actuator jet variation, thereby improving the wind turbine's operating efficiency while minimizing actuator energy consumption.

[0088] In summary, this invention utilizes a piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter to suppress flow separation during the operation of a vertical axis wind turbine, and employs reinforcement learning to autonomously optimize the exciter input voltage, thereby achieving the goal of obtaining the maximum wind turbine energy output with the minimum exciter energy input.

Claims

1. A vertical axis wind turbine device, characterized in that, The device includes blades (1), connecting rods (2), intermediate shafts (3), slip rings (4), base plates (5), top supports (6), motors (7), slip ring retainers (8), deep groove ball bearings and bearing seats (9); in The blade (1) adopts a NACA four-digit digital airfoil; the blade (1) has a row of jet nozzles on the upper and lower surfaces, and a row of piezoelectric synthetic jet exciters arranged along the span is placed inside the blade; The interior of the blade (1) includes: a support rod (105), a connecting base plate (106), a blade top cover (107), and a piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter, which will be referred to as the "exciter" below; Each blade contains an actuator, and each actuator consists of a jet port (101), a piezoelectric ceramic plate (102), an actuator cavity (103), and a metal frame (104); The jet nozzle (101) is a row of circular holes with a total length slightly smaller than the span, evenly distributed along the span; The piezoelectric ceramic sheet (102) is circular; multiple piezoelectric ceramic sheets (102) are arranged along the airfoil span, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are arranged in a row with a total length equivalent to the airfoil span; The airfoil has jet outlets (101) on both the inner and outer sides, and the jet outlets (101) are located at 10-20% of the chord length of the airfoil; A set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets (102) are fixed on a metal frame (104). The metal frame (104) is a rectangular thin sheet with multiple circular through holes. The diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets (102) is slightly larger than the diameter of the through holes. A set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets (102) are fixed on the metal frame at the through hole positions. The piezoelectric ceramic sheets (102) are coaxial with the through holes and are used as a module. The negative terminals of all piezoelectric ceramic sheets (102) are in reliable contact with the metal frame (104), which is equivalent to a common negative terminal. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet (102) and the metal frame (104) are fixed longitudinally using a blade top cover (107), and the blade top cover (107) is connected to the upper and lower sides of the blade (1) through a fixing connection device; the blade top cover (107) and the blade (1) are sealed. The support rod (105) is a round rod with the same length as the span, which extends through the blade (1) in the spanwise direction; The upper surface of the connecting base plate (106) is the airfoil surface of the blade, and the lower surface is a plane. It is installed at the end of the connecting rod. The connecting base plate (106) and the connecting rod (2) are inserted into the notch at the blade's extension. The connecting base plate (106) and the connecting rod (2) are fixed to the blade by the fixing connection device. The connecting rod (2) is fixed to the inner surface of the blade (1) by a fixed connecting device. The connecting rod (2) is perpendicular to the blade (1) and the connecting rod (2) is located on the central axis with a span of M% on both sides of the blade (1). The two connection positions are located at the upper and lower N% span of the blade respectively. There are two connecting rods connecting one blade. The cross section of the connecting rod is designed to be elliptical. The far end of the connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected to the blade (1), and its near end is fixedly connected to the intermediate shaft (3) by a fixed connecting device, so that it can rotate together with the intermediate shaft (3). The intermediate shaft (3) is a vertical solid cylindrical rod, which is connected to the motor (7) through a fixed connection device. The lower end of the intermediate shaft (3) is fixed at approximately the center of the upper surface of the motor (7). The base plate (5) is located above the motor (7), and its lower surface is fixed to the upper surface of the motor (7); the base plate (5) is used to connect with other fixed components that can provide support to fix the position of the overall vertical axis wind turbine; there is a through hole in the middle of the base plate (5), and the motor shaft extends out from the through hole in the middle of the base plate and is connected to the intermediate shaft (3) through a fixed connection device, so that the motor shaft and the intermediate shaft (3) can rotate synchronously; The slip ring (4) is fixed to the lower end of the intermediate shaft (3) by a fixed connection device, but maintains a certain distance from the bottom of the intermediate shaft (3). This distance is used to arrange the lower end wire of the slip ring. The slip ring (4) is used to transmit electrical energy to the piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter on the rotating blade. Its stator part is inside. The rotational freedom of the slip ring stator part is constrained by the slip ring retainer (8) on the base plate (5). The wire at the stator of the slip ring is led out through the through hole on the base plate (5). The rotor part of the slip ring (4) is outside. The rotor part of the slip ring (4) rotates with the intermediate shaft (3) and the upper end wire of the slip ring is introduced into the blade (1) along the connecting rod (2) and connected to the exciter. This allows the wire to rotate with the blade and prevents the wire from getting tangled when the wind turbine is running. The slip ring retainer (8) has an overall "I" shaped structure, consisting of a lower "convex" shaped base, a middle cylinder, and an upper cuboid block. The "convex" shaped base is a thin sheet structure in the shape of a "convex" shaped plate. A through hole is drilled on each side of the lower part of the "convex" shaped plate for fixing to the base plate through a fixing connection device, so as to fix the slip ring retainer to the base plate. The cylinder stands upright on the upper part of the "convex" shaped base near the top and is fixedly connected to the "convex" shaped base. The projection of the cylinder on the horizontal plane is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry of the projection of the "convex" shaped base on the horizontal plane, and is used to insert into the anti-rotation plates on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator. The cuboid block is an overall long... The strip is placed flat on the top of the cylinder and integrated with it. The length extension direction of the cuboid block is parallel to the length extension direction of the lower part of the "convex" shaped base. The projection of the cuboid block on the horizontal plane is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry of the projection of the "convex" shaped base on the horizontal plane. The lower base of the slip ring retainer (8) is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate (5) near the anti-rotation plates on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part through a fixed connection device, so that the slip ring retainer (8) can lock the anti-rotation plates extending from both sides of the slip ring stator part through the middle cylinder to prevent the stator part from rotating together with the rotor part. The upper cuboid is located above the anti-rotation plates on both sides of the lower end of the slip ring stator part, limiting the height of the slip ring. The upper part of the intermediate shaft (3) of the vertical axis wind turbine is supported by a top support (6) and a deep groove ball bearing; the top support (6) is a crossbeam with a rectangular cross-section, and there is a cuboid base at the end of the crossbeam for connecting to the side of the installation position. The cuboid base is fixedly connected and fixed on the side wall plate through a fixed connection device; there is a boss at the proximal end of the crossbeam. This boss is the platform at the proximal end of the top support (6). The cross-section of this boss is larger than the rectangular cross-section of the top support (6), and the centers of both are on the axis of the top support (6); the deep groove ball bearing is fixed on its bearing housing, and the bearing housing also has a boss corresponding to the position of the boss of the top support (6). There are two holes on both sides of the two bosses, and the two bosses are fixed together through a fixed connection device to connect the top support (6) with the deep groove ball bearing and the bearing housing (9); the intermediate shaft (3) is fixed to the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing through a fixed connection device; the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing is fixed on its bearing housing. The bearing housing is connected to the outer ring of the bearing inside and to the boss of the top support (6) outside; the cuboid base of the top support (6) is connected to other fixed components that can provide support through a fixed connection device; The upper surface of the motor (7) is fixed on the lower surface of the bottom plate (5); the motor is equipped with a Hall sensor and a drive circuit board, which are used to measure the rotational speed and supply current of the vertical axis wind turbine respectively.

2. The vertical axis wind turbine device according to claim 1, wherein, The blade (1) has a chord length range of 0.1 - 10 m; an aspect ratio range of 3 - 5; there is a row of jet holes with a diameter of 0.5 - 2 mm on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the blade (1); The cross-section of the connecting rod (2) is designed as an ellipse, and the ratio of the long axis to the short axis is 3 - 8. The typical range of the length of the long axis is 10 - 30 mm; The materials of the connecting rod (2), the intermediate shaft (3), and the top support (6) are high-strength metal materials.

3. The vertical axis wind turbine device according to claim 2, wherein, The blade (1) has an aspect ratio of 3; there is a row of jet holes with a diameter of 1 mm on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the blade (1). The blade material is a high-performance plastic; three blades (1) are arranged vertically; The connecting rod (2) is in the spanwise direction at positions 25% on both sides of the span of the blade (1), and in the chordwise direction at 65% of the chord length from the leading edge. The two connection positions are respectively at 25% of the span of the upper and lower parts of the blade; the length of the long axis of the elliptical cross-section of the connecting rod (2) is 20 mm; each blade (1) uses two horizontally arranged connecting rods (2), and a total of six connecting rods (2) are used for the three blades (1). Among them, the three upper connecting rods (2) are on the same horizontal plane, and the central angles of adjacent connecting rods (2) are equal. The three lower connecting rods (2) are also on the same horizontal plane, and the connection method is the same as that of the three upper connecting rods (2); Supporting round platforms are arranged below the three upper connecting rods (2) and the three lower connecting rods (2), and the round platforms are fixedly connected to the intermediate shaft (3) through a fixed connection device; The material of the bottom plate (5) is plexiglass; The slip ring holder (8) is a thin sheet plastic base in the shape of a "convex" character; the exposed sharp corners of the "convex" character base and the cuboid block are rounded; The connecting rod (2), intermediate shaft (3), and top support (6) are made of aluminum alloy.

4. The vertical axis wind turbine device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric ceramic sheet (102), the actuator cavity (103), and the metal frame (104) are located approximately at 28% of the chord length of the blade (1); The jet inlet (101) is located at the 10th chord of the airfoil; The diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (102) ranges from 20 to 50 mm; the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (102) is arranged at 28% chord length of the airfoil; The central axis of the metal frame (104) is located at 28% chord length of the blade, and a set of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are bonded to the metal frame at the through hole position; A gasket is used to seal between the blade top cover (107) and the blade (1); The chord of the support rod (105) is located at 65% of the chord length of the blade (1); The connecting base plate (106) and the connecting rod (2) are inserted into the notch at 25% of the blade's span. The metal frame (104), support rod (105) and connecting base plate (106) are made of aluminum alloy, iron or high-strength steel; the blades are made of ABS plastic, carbon fiber or other insulating materials.

5. The vertical axis wind turbine as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The specific operation process is as follows: the incoming flow blows the blades (1) of the vertical axis wind turbine, which drives the intermediate shaft (3) to rotate. At the same time, the synthetic jet exciter in the blade (1) generates a synthetic jet under the action of alternating voltage, which regulates the dynamic stall of the blade airfoil during the rotation process. The method of intelligently controlling the alternating voltage as the rotational phase angle changes is achieved by using machine learning, and the method is verified by measuring the overall velocity distribution of the flow field cross section using particle image velocimetry.

6. The vertical axis wind turbine as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Since the blades of a vertical axis wind turbine are affected by wind on both the inner and outer sides, and the blades are symmetrical airfoils, jet inlets (101) are opened on both the inner and outer sides of the airfoil. The piezoelectric synthetic jet exciter can control the flow on both sides at the same time. The basic working principle of the exciter generating the jet is: a sinusoidal voltage is simultaneously applied to all the piezoelectric ceramic plates. Due to the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric ceramic plates will vibrate, causing the periodic compression and expansion of the exciter cavities on both the inner and outer sides of the vertical axis wind turbine, and further generating a periodic "blowing-inhaling-blowing-inhaling" at the jet inlet (101), that is, a synthetic jet. This synthetic jet can suppress the dynamic stall of the airfoil under high angle of attack, thereby improving the lift-drag ratio of a single blade and increasing the power generation efficiency of the vertical axis wind turbine.

7. A specific method for intelligent flow control of a vertical axis wind turbine as described in claims 1 to 3 using reinforcement learning, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes the following steps; Step 1: Initialize system parameters; including initializing environment, state, action, reward, and control rate parameters; Step 2: Obtain the current status of the vertical axis wind turbine through the motor drive circuit board and laser velocimeter. The controller outputs control commands, i.e., actions, based on the control rate after initialization or the control rate obtained during training. The controller adjusts the amplitude of the exciter's power supply voltage and amplifies it through a high-voltage amplifier before supplying it to the exciter. Simultaneously, the status monitoring system monitors the exciter in real time to obtain new status updates. ; Step 3: Instantaneous power generation from wind turbines With the power consumed by the actuator The difference Calculate the state in the controller and Control Rewards , The larger the better; the current state State Actions taken The new state obtained and the rewards received The experience samples are stored in the experience database and then fed into the execution network for training, based on different states. Take action in the following circumstances Based on the expected reward, select actions that maximize the expected reward value to improve the control rate, ultimately obtaining actions that maximize the total reward value; The environment is the wind turbine's flow field, operating at a constant speed, with the motor speed detected by a Hall effect sensor; the corresponding state... Rotation angle of vertical axis wind turbine and wind turbine torque Among them, rotation angle Use the current time Divide by rotation period Get the current time The rotation period was obtained through a data acquisition card. Measured by a laser velocimeter, i.e. Wind turbine rotational torque Obtained from the motor drive circuit board; Action The amplitude of the power supply voltage to the synthetic jet exciter is adjusted via a signal generator and a high-voltage amplifier; (Reward) Instantaneous power generation of wind turbines With the power consumed by the actuator The difference The larger this difference, the greater the net benefit the wind turbine gains after applying flow control in a certain state, and therefore more rewards should be given; the control law of active flow control is the state... To action The function mapping relationship is optimized using a reinforcement learning framework; the ultimate goal is to maximize the efficiency of wind turbines with minimal energy. .

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