A method for separating the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo of a spina date seed

Abstract

The application discloses a method for separating the seed coat and endosperm and embryo of spina date seed, and belongs to the technical field of medicinal material processing. The method for separating the seed coat and endosperm and embryo of spina date seed comprises the following steps: sequentially subjecting spina date seed to soaking, low-temperature freezing and vacuum drying treatment, realizing separation of the seed coat and endosperm and embryo of spina date seed, and obtaining spina date seed embryo separated from the seed coat and endosperm of spina date seed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medicinal material processing technology, and in particular to a method for separating the seed coat and endosperm of jujube seed from the embryo. Background Technology

[0002] Sour jujube seed is a traditional Chinese medicine with calming and sleep-aiding effects. Its source plant is the sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex HFChow). The main active ingredients are jujube seed saponin A and spinosin. The sour jujube seed consists of three parts from the outside in: the seed coat, the endosperm, and the embryo. Analysis revealed that jujube seed saponin A and spinosin are mainly found in the embryo, with trace amounts or none in the seed coat and endosperm.

[0003] Sour jujube seed is a food and medicine of the same origin. Based on its various applications in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and functional foods, current technologies use whole sour jujube seeds. However, this presents problems such as difficulty in breaking the seed coat into small pieces, leading to nausea when taken orally. Using the sour jujube seed embryo directly avoids these issues. However, current technology cannot yet separate the seed coat, endosperm, and embryo of the sour jujube seed to obtain the sour jujube seed embryo. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for separating the seed coat and endosperm of jujube seed from the embryo, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: a method for separating the seed coat and endosperm of jujube seed from the embryo, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The jujube kernels are sequentially soaked, frozen at low temperature, and vacuum dried to separate the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo, thus obtaining the jujube kernel embryo separated from the seed coat and endosperm.

[0008] Furthermore, the soaking temperature is 4°C, and the soaking time is 8–48 hours.

[0009] Furthermore, the soaking temperature is 4°C and the soaking time is 48 hours.

[0010] Furthermore, the cryogenic freezing temperature is -20 to -196°C, and the time is 24 hours.

[0011] Furthermore, the cryogenic freezing temperature is -196°C, and the time is 24 hours.

[0012] Furthermore, the vacuum drying process is carried out at a temperature of -90°C, a pressure of 0.4 Pa, and a time of 8 hours.

[0013] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0014] The method of this invention can effectively separate the seed coat and endosperm of jujube seed from the embryo, obtaining the jujube seed embryo with the highest medicinal value, and the separation rate of the jujube seed embryo can reach 94.5%. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 The effect of different soaking times on the cracking of jujube seed coat in Example 1 of the present invention is shown in the figure. A is soaking for 0 h, B is soaking for 8 h, C is soaking for 16 h, D is soaking for 32 h, and E is soaking for 48 h.

[0017] Figure 2 The effect of different freezing temperatures on the separation of the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo in Example 2 of this invention is shown in Figure 2. In this figure, A is -20℃, B is -70℃, and C is -196℃.

[0018] Figure 3 The images shown are of the jujube seed coat, jujube seed endosperm, and jujube seed embryo obtained in Example 3 of this invention. In the images, A represents the jujube seed embryo, B represents the jujube seed endosperm, and C represents the jujube seed coat. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0021] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0023] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0024] The jujube seeds (jujube kernels) used in this invention are of moderate size (0.02-0.05g / seed) and have intact seed coats.

[0025] The instruments and equipment used in this invention include: Haier ultra-low temperature freezer (-70℃) (DW86L62); and a DC801 freeze dryer (Chongqing Yamato Technology Co., Ltd.) with a pressure of 0.4 Pa and a temperature of -90℃.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Effect of soaking time (water soaking time) on the cracking of jujube seed coat

[0028] At 4℃, jujube seeds were soaked in water for 0h, 8h, 16h, 32h and 48h respectively, then frozen in an ultra-low temperature freezer at -70℃ for 24h, and finally freeze-dried in a freeze dryer under vacuum (pressure 0.4pa, temperature -90℃) for 8h. The seed coat of the jujube seeds showed different degrees of cracking, but did not completely fall off. The cracking rates were 0% (soaking for 0h), 3.5% (soaking for 8h), 53.3% (soaking for 16h), 74.3% (soaking for 32h) and 91.0% (soaking for 48h).

[0029] Cracking rate = Number of jujube kernels with cracked seed coats exposing the embryo or endosperm / Total number of jujube kernels × 100%.

[0030] Extending the soaking time further can easily cause jujube seeds to mold, and the seed coat cracking rate does not significantly increase. Therefore, the maximum soaking time can be 48 hours. The water absorption rate of jujube seeds is positively correlated with the seed coat cracking rate. Furthermore, vacuum freeze-drying can promote the shedding of the jujube seed coat.

[0031] The effect of different soaking times on the cracking of jujube seed coat (after vacuum freeze-drying) is shown in the figure. Figure 1 . Figure 1 In the table, A represents soaking for 0 hours, B represents soaking for 8 hours, C represents soaking for 16 hours, D represents soaking for 32 hours, and E represents soaking for 48 hours.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Effects of low-temperature treatment on the separation of jujube seed coat and endosperm from the embryo

[0034] At 4℃, jujube seeds were soaked in water for 48 hours, then frozen at -20℃, -70℃, and -196℃ for 24 hours, respectively. Finally, they were vacuum freeze-dried in a freeze dryer (pressure 0.4 Pa, temperature -90℃) for 8 hours. The seed coat and endosperm of the jujube seeds separated from the embryo to varying degrees. As the freezing temperature decreased, the embryo separation rate increased significantly, with separation rates of 79.3% (-20℃), 85.2% (-70℃), and 94.5% (-196℃), respectively.

[0035] Separation rate = Number of jujube kernels that broke and separated from the embryo / Total number of jujube kernels × 100%.

[0036] The results showed that the freezing temperature had a significant effect on the separation of the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo in jujube seeds; the lower the temperature, the higher the separation rate of the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo.

[0037] The effects of different freezing temperatures on the separation of the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo (after vacuum freeze-drying) of jujube seed are shown in the following results. Figure 2 . Figure 2 In the diagram, A is -20℃, B is -70℃, and C is -196℃.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A method for separating the seed coat and endosperm of jujube seed from the embryo:

[0040] At 4℃, jujube seeds were soaked in water for 48 hours, then frozen at -196℃ for 24 hours, and finally vacuum freeze-dried in a freeze dryer (pressure 0.4 Pa, temperature -90℃) for 8 hours to separate the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo. After dissection, jujube seed coat, jujube seed endosperm, and jujube seed embryo were obtained.

[0041] See the images of the obtained jujube seed coat, jujube seed endosperm, and jujube seed embryo. Figure 3 . Figure 3 In the diagram, A represents the embryo of the jujube seed, B represents the endosperm of the jujube seed, and C represents the seed coat of the jujube seed.

[0042] The mass ratio of jujube seed embryo, jujube seed endosperm, and jujube seed coat is approximately 10:5:1.

[0043] The embryo separation rate was 94.5%.

[0044] According to the experimental method (2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China), the content of jujuboside A in the embryo, endosperm and seed coat of jujube seed was 0.101 wt.%, 0.005 wt.% and 0.000 wt.%, respectively. The content of jujuboside A in the embryo accounted for 97.6% of the whole seed (content of jujuboside A in the embryo as a percentage of the whole seed = 0.101% × 10 / (0.101% × 10 + 0.005% × 5) × 100%).

[0045] The contents of spinosin in the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat of jujube seed were 0.141 wt.%, 0.011 wt.%, and 0.015 wt.%, respectively. The content of spinosin in the embryo accounted for 95.2% of the total content of the whole seed (content of spinosin in the embryo as a percentage of the total content of the whole seed = 0.14% × 10 / (0.14% × 10 + 0.011% × 5 + 0.015% × 1) × 100%).

[0046] The results showed that, in the three parts of the jujube seed structure—embryo, endosperm, and seed coat—jujube seed saponin A and spinosin are mainly concentrated on the embryo. Removing the seed coat and endosperm while retaining only the embryo is beneficial for the utilization of jujube seed.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] Same as Example 1, except that freezing is not performed. The specific method is as follows:

[0049] Sour jujube seeds were soaked in water at 4℃ for 48 hours, and then vacuum freeze-dried in a freeze dryer (pressure 0.4 Pa, temperature -90℃) for 8 hours.

[0050] Using the method in this comparative example, only the seed coat can crack without detaching, and the cracking rate is only 5% to 9%.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] Same as Example 1, except that soaking is not performed. The specific method is as follows:

[0053] The jujube seeds were frozen at -196℃ for 24 hours, and then vacuum freeze-dried in a freeze dryer (pressure 0.4pa, temperature -90℃) for 8 hours.

[0054] Using the method in this comparative example, only the seed coat can crack without detaching, with a cracking rate of 0% to 2%.

[0055] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating the seed coat and endosperm of jujube seed from the embryo, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The jujube kernels are sequentially soaked, frozen at low temperature and vacuum dried to separate the seed coat and endosperm from the embryo, thus obtaining the jujube kernel embryo separated from the seed coat and endosperm. The soaking temperature was 4°C, the soaking time was 48 hours, and the solvent used for soaking was water; The cryogenic freezing temperature is -196℃, and the time is 24 hours; The vacuum drying process is carried out at a temperature of -90℃, a pressure of 0.4 Pa, and a time of 8 hours.

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