Metallic debris accessibility test method and retarder reliability design method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of helicopter reducer, disclose a kind of metal chip accessibility experimental method and reducer reliability design method, wherein a kind of metal chip accessibility experimental method includes the following steps, selecting the reducer needing to be detected or sample preparation is carried out to the reducer needing to be detected;Mark the site needing to be examined;Metal chip sample is prepared for standby;Metal chip sample is placed to the site needing to be examined;Drive and keep the measured reducer running, if magnetic chip end detection unit alarm, then stop the measured reducer running, record the time of running, if not alarm, then record the position of each metal chip sample;In predetermined length, such as alarm, then metal chip accessibility is qualified.The present application solves the problem that the working state of the reducer cannot be effectively monitored and fed back, causing safety hazards, can be used to guide the design of the reducer, facilitate the optimization of metal chip accessibility in the design stage, improve the reliability of the reducer product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of helicopter gearbox technology, specifically to a metal chip accessibility test method and a gearbox reliability design method. Background Technology

[0002] A speed reducer is a component consisting of gear transmissions and other transmission structures enclosed in a rigid housing. Its main functions include reducing speed, increasing output torque, and transmitting power and motion, making it an indispensable component of helicopters. During operation, the speed reducer typically contains a lubricating medium, such as lubricating oil or grease. The lubricating medium enters through the oil inlet at the top of the speed reducer and exits through the oil return hole at the bottom, lubricating and cooling the internal structure of the speed reducer.

[0003] In the prior art, during the operation of a reducer, internal gears, bearings and other structures will inevitably wear and generate metal shavings. For reducers with internal lubricating media, a magnetic shavings detection signal is usually installed at the bottom of the reducer to attract and detect metal shavings. By detecting the amount of metal shavings, the working status of the internal components of the reducer can be monitored.

[0004] However, during the actual operation of the reducer, due to the large number of internal components and the complex movement path of the lubricating medium, the magnetic chip detection signal often fails to detect the metal chips generated during the operation of the reducer in a timely manner. This results in the inability to monitor and provide feedback on the working status of the internal components of the reducer in real time, causing safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a metal chip accessibility test method and a speed reducer reliability design method to solve the problem that due to unreasonable speed reducer structural design, the magnetic chip detection signal device inside the speed reducer cannot detect metal chips in a timely manner, resulting in the inability to effectively monitor and provide feedback on the working status of internal parts of the speed reducer, thus causing safety hazards.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for testing the accessibility of metal scrap, comprising the following steps: preparation of a speed reducer test piece, selecting a speed reducer to be tested or preparing a sample of the speed reducer to be tested to obtain the speed reducer under test, and setting a magnetic scrap detection unit on the bottom wall of the speed reducer under test; identification of the parts of the speed reducer to be tested, marking the parts to be tested according to the specific internal structure of the speed reducer under test; preparation of metal scrap, preparing multiple metal scrap samples for later use; placement of metal scrap, placing a predetermined number of the metal scrap samples on the parts to be tested; and speed reducer operation test, assembling the speed reducer under test, driving and maintaining the speed reducer under test. If the magnetic debris detection unit alarms within the predetermined time period, the operation of the speed reducer under test is stopped, and the operation time of the speed reducer under test is recorded. If the magnetic debris detection unit does not alarm within the predetermined time period, the operation of the speed reducer under test is stopped, the outer casing of the speed reducer under test is disassembled, and the location of each metal debris sample is recorded. For accessibility analysis, if the magnetic debris detection unit alarms within the predetermined time period, the metal debris accessibility of the speed reducer under test at the corresponding assessment location is qualified; otherwise, further judgment is made based on the information recorded during the speed reducer operation experiment.

[0007] Beneficial Effects: During the preparation of the test component for the speed reducer, a speed reducer to be tested is selected, or a speed reducer to be tested is fabricated according to the design drawings of the target speed reducer. The experiment involves marking the test areas inside the speed reducer and adding metal shavings to these areas to simulate the metal shavings generated by excessive wear or foreign objects during operation. During operation, the lubricating medium flows under the action of the internal rotating parts or the external lubricating oil system, thus moving the metal shavings within the speed reducer. When the metal shavings pass near the magnetic shavings detection unit at the bottom of the speed reducer, they are attracted by the magnetic force of the unit. Once a certain amount of metal shavings has been attracted, an alarm is triggered. During the experiment, the staff can detect the successful movement of the metal shavings to the target position through the alarm of the magnetic shavings detection unit, proving that the metal shavings reachability of the tested speed reducer at the corresponding test area is qualified. Through the metal shavings accessibility test during the design phase, it is ensured that the qualified reducer products will not easily get stuck in a certain place inside during actual use, causing more serious failures. It also ensures that the metal shavings can reach the magnetic shavings detection unit in a timely manner, so that the working status of the internal parts of the reducer can be accurately monitored, improving product reliability and reducing safety hazards.

[0008] In one optional implementation, during the process of identifying the parts of the reducer to be tested, the locations where metal shavings may be generated or the locations where metal shavings may flow with the lubricating medium are analyzed based on the specific structure of the reducer under test, and these locations are marked as the parts to be tested.

[0009] Beneficial effects: By analyzing the specific structure of the tested reducer, the location of metal shavings and the possible paths that metal shavings may take as they flow with the lubricating medium can be determined. This allows for a better simulation of the generation and movement of metal shavings under actual working conditions of the reducer, making the experimental results more reliable.

[0010] In one alternative implementation, during the metal shavings preparation process, the material of the metal shavings sample is consistent with the material of the components of the speed reducer under test that may generate metal shavings.

[0011] Beneficial effects: By keeping the material of the metal shavings consistent with the material of the components of the reducer under test that may generate metal shavings, the environmental conditions during the actual operation of the reducer under test can be simulated more accurately, thus improving the reliability of the experimental results.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, during the preparation of the metal scrap, if the number of locations to be assessed is greater than 1 (N locations), the metal scrap samples are divided into N groups, and the color of the metal scrap samples in each group is different from the color of the metal scrap samples in other groups. During the placement of the metal scrap, the metal scrap samples of different colors in each group are placed one-to-one with the different locations to be assessed.

[0013] Beneficial effects: By preparing multiple sets of metal scrap samples corresponding to multiple test locations and making each set of metal scrap samples different colors, the source of the metal scraps can be accurately determined when recording the location of each metal scrap sample during the reducer operation experiment. This allows for the verification of the accessibility of metal scraps to multiple test locations in a single experimental procedure, thereby improving experimental efficiency.

[0014] In one optional implementation, during the operation test of the reducer, if the magnetic chip detection unit alarms, the operation of the reducer under test is stopped, the housing of the reducer under test is disassembled, and the location of each metal chip sample is recorded.

[0015] Beneficial effects: When the metal shavings reachability of the tested reducer is qualified at the corresponding test location, disassembling the reducer housing and recording the location of the metal shavings sample can confirm whether there are any metal shavings samples that have failed to reach the magnetic shavings detection unit. This facilitates the analysis of the actual movement path of the metal shavings sample and the optimization of the reducer design.

[0016] In one optional implementation, during the operation test of the reducer, if the magnetic chip detection unit alarms within the predetermined time period, the location and color of each metal chip sample are recorded after stopping the operation of the reducer under test and disassembling the housing of the reducer under test.

[0017] Beneficial effects: By distinguishing the color of metal shavings samples, the source of the metal shavings samples can be located. Combined with the analysis of the flow trajectory of metal shavings with the lubricating medium inside the reducer, it is easy to find out the reason why the metal shavings samples are unable to reach the magnetic shavings detection unit, which facilitates the subsequent improvement of the reducer design.

[0018] In one optional implementation, during the accessibility analysis, the step of making further judgments based on the information recorded in the reducer operation experiment is as follows: confirm the location of each metal shaving sample; if all the metal shaving samples are adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit, then the metal shaving accessibility of the tested reducer at the corresponding assessment location is qualified; if only some of the metal shaving samples are adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit, then the metal shaving accessibility of the assessment location corresponding to the metal shaving samples not adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit is unqualified.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The reason why the magnetic chip detection unit did not alarm may be due to insufficient total amount of metal chip sample added to the reducer. The total amount of metal chips that can trigger the alarm of the magnetic chip detection unit is related to the material and size of the metal chips, and may vary in different reducers. In order to eliminate the influence of this factor, further analysis is needed based on the recorded location of the metal chip sample to obtain more reliable experimental results.

[0020] In one alternative implementation, the predetermined duration for performing the accessibility analysis is between 0.5 hours and 2 hours.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The estimated time is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the type and size of the reducer and the type of metal shavings sample.

[0022] Secondly, the present invention also provides a speed reducer reliability design method, comprising the following steps: speed reducer structure design, designing a speed reducer structure prototype as needed, and manufacturing speed reducer samples or designing speed reducer drawings; speed reducer structure verification, checking whether there are structures on the inner wall of the speed reducer that hinder the flow of metal shavings with the lubricating medium according to the speed reducer sample or the speed reducer drawings; if such structures exist, returning to the speed reducer structure design step; if not, continuing with the following steps; the aforementioned metal shavings accessibility test method, if the metal shavings accessibility of the tested speed reducer at the corresponding test location is qualified, then the reliability of the speed reducer structure prototype is determined to meet the standard; if the metal shavings accessibility of the tested speed reducer at the corresponding test location is unqualified, then the reliability of the speed reducer structure prototype is determined to not meet the standard.

[0023] Beneficial effects: In the process of designing a speed reducer, a prototype design is first carried out as needed to obtain structural prototype design drawings or make speed reducer samples. Then, based on the actual drawings or samples, the path of metal shavings flowing with the lubricating medium is analyzed to avoid metal fragments being blocked during the movement of the lubricating medium as much as possible. The speed reducer design is then verified and feedback is provided through the experimental results of the above-mentioned metal shavings accessibility test, or the speed reducer design project is terminated. This avoids the situation where the final speed reducer design will cause safety hazards during operation because the generated metal shavings cannot be detected by the magnetic shavings detection unit.

[0024] In one alternative implementation, if the reliability of the reducer structure prototype does not meet the standard, the reducer structure design steps are repeated with reference to the information of each of the metal shaving samples in the experimental results until the reliability of the reducer structure prototype meets the standard.

[0025] Beneficial effects: It ensures that metal chips can smoothly reach the magnetic chip detection unit when the final designed reducer is working normally, thereby facilitating the monitoring of the working status of internal components and improving the reliability of the reducer. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a metal chip accessibility test method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a speed reducer reliability design method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Detailed Implementation To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] During the normal operation of a helicopter's gearbox, due to factors such as impurities in the component materials, fatigue, degradation, and wear, metal shavings of varying sizes inevitably accumulate at the meshing points of the gears within the gearbox. The total amount of metal shavings reflects, to some extent, the working condition of the internal components. Therefore, a magnetic shavings detection signal is typically installed in the gearbox to attract and detect metal shavings. This serves two purposes: firstly, it monitors the working condition of the internal components; secondly, it prevents structural jamming and lubrication blockage caused by the accumulation of metal shavings.

[0029] However, in actual operation of the reducer, metal chips often fail to reach the position of the magnetic chip detection signal and thus cannot be detected, resulting in inaccurate assessment of the working status of the internal parts of the reducer and creating safety hazards.

[0030] This application provides a metal chip accessibility test method and a speed reducer reliability design method. By conducting a metal chip accessibility test on the speed reducer, the method verifies whether the metal chips inside the speed reducer can successfully reach the position of the magnetic chip detector. The test results are then fed back to the speed reducer design, thereby ensuring that the chips generated by the final speed reducer during operation can be detected normally, avoiding safety hazards and improving the reliability of the speed reducer.

[0031] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 2 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand, a method for metal chip accessibility experiment is provided, including the following steps: preparation of a reducer test piece, selecting a reducer to be tested or fabricating a test sample of the reducer to be tested to obtain the tested reducer, and arranging a magnetic chip detection unit on the inner bottom wall of the tested reducer; confirmation of the parts to be examined of the reducer, marking the parts to be examined according to the specific structure inside the tested reducer; preparation of metal chips, fabricating multiple metal chip samples for standby; placement of metal chips, placing a predetermined number of metal chip samples at the parts to be examined; operation experiment of the reducer, assembling the tested reducer, driving and maintaining the tested reducer to operate for a predetermined duration. If the magnetic chip detection unit alarms within the predetermined duration, stop the operation of the tested reducer and record the operation time of the tested reducer. If the magnetic chip detection unit does not alarm within the predetermined duration, stop the operation of the tested reducer, disassemble the outer shell of the tested reducer, and record the positions where each metal chip sample is located; accessibility analysis, within the predetermined duration, if the magnetic chip detection unit alarms, the metal chip accessibility at the corresponding parts to be examined of the tested reducer is qualified, otherwise, make a further judgment based on the information recorded during the reducer operation experiment.

[0033] In this embodiment, during the preparation of the reducer test piece, select the reducer to be tested or fabricate the tested reducer according to the design drawings of the target reducer for the experiment. By marking the parts to be examined in the reducer and adding metal chips to the parts to be examined, it simulates the situation where metal chips are generated due to excessive wear, foreign objects, etc. during the operation of the tested reducer. When the reducer is operating, the lubricating medium starts to flow under the action of the internal rotating parts or the external lubricating oil system, thereby driving each metal chip to move inside the reducer. When the metal chip passes near the magnetic chip detection unit at the bottom of the reducer, it is adsorbed by the magnetic force of the magnetic chip detection unit. After a certain amount of metal chip samples are adsorbed by the magnetic chip detection unit, an alarm will be triggered. During the experiment, the staff can know that the metal chip sample has successfully moved to the target position through the alarm of the magnetic chip detection unit, which proves that the metal chip accessibility at the corresponding parts to be examined of the tested reducer is qualified. Through the metal chip accessibility experiment in the design stage, it is ensured that in the actual use process of a qualified reducer product, the generated metal chips are not easily stuck at a certain place inside and cause more serious failures, and it can also ensure that the metal chips can reach the position of the magnetic chip detection unit in time, so that the working state of the internal parts of the reducer can be accurately monitored, improving the product reliability and reducing potential safety hazards.

[0034] Specifically, during the preparation of the reducer test piece, the selected reducer can be an existing reducer or a reducer test piece can be fabricated according to the drawings and models of the reducer.

[0035] It should be noted that the order of the metal shavings preparation step and the step of confirming the parts to be tested in the reducer is not specified. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions on the shape, size, or quantity of the metal shavings sample. For example, the metal shavings sample is a square sheet with a side length of 1 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.

[0036] It should be further noted that this embodiment does not limit the number of metal shavings to be placed. The number of shavings can be adjusted appropriately based on the actual size and type of the reducer under test and the model of the magnetic shavings detection unit, according to the experience of the staff. For example, five metal shavings samples are placed at each part to be tested.

[0037] In addition, specifically, during the placement of metal shavings, if the area to be tested is the entire interior of the reducer under test, the metal shavings sample can be directly placed into the oil inlet of the lubricating medium. If the area to be tested is a specific location inside the reducer under test, the outer casing of the reducer under test can be disassembled, and the metal shavings sample placed in the designated location. Because the inner wall of the reducer is coated with lubricating medium, the metal shavings sample can easily adhere to the designated location on the reducer.

[0038] In one embodiment, during the process of identifying the parts of the reducer to be tested, the locations where metal shavings may be generated or the locations where metal shavings may flow with the lubricating medium are analyzed based on the specific structure of the reducer under test, and these locations are marked as the parts to be tested.

[0039] Specifically, the possible locations where metal shavings may travel with the lubricating medium and the locations where metal shavings are generated can be inferred from experience or obtained through computer simulation experiments. The marking of the parts to be tested can be done by taking photos and marking them on the photographs, or by directly marking them at the corresponding positions on the reducer under test, or by other methods.

[0040] In this embodiment, by analyzing the specific structure of the reducer under test, the location of the generated metal chips and the possible paths that the metal chips may take as they flow with the lubricating medium are determined. This allows for a better simulation of the generation and movement of metal chips under actual working conditions of the reducer, making the experimental results more reliable.

[0041] In one embodiment, during the metal shavings preparation process, the material of the metal shavings sample is consistent with the material of the components of the speed reducer under test that may generate metal shavings.

[0042] In this embodiment, by keeping the material of the metal shavings consistent with the material of the components of the reducer under test that may generate metal shavings, the environmental conditions during the actual operation of the reducer under test can be simulated more accurately, thereby improving the reliability of the experimental results.

[0043] In one embodiment, during the metal scrap preparation process, if the number of sites to be assessed is greater than 1 (N sites), the metal scrap samples are divided into N groups, and the color of the metal scrap samples in each group is different from the color of the metal scrap samples in the other groups. During the placement of the metal scraps, the metal scrap samples of different colors in each group are placed one by one with the different sites to be assessed.

[0044] Specifically, the color of the metal scrap sample is added to the metal scrap sample through coating, plating, or other methods.

[0045] In addition, for example, the number of assessment sites is 3, and the metal shavings samples are divided into three groups, namely the original metal color, red and blue, respectively. The three groups of metal shavings samples are added to the corresponding three assessment sites.

[0046] In this embodiment, by preparing multiple sets of metal scrap samples corresponding one-to-one with multiple test locations and making each set of metal scrap samples different colors, the source of the metal scraps can be accurately determined when recording the location of each metal scrap sample during the reducer operation experiment. This allows for the verification of the reachability of metal scraps at multiple test locations in a single experimental procedure, thereby improving experimental efficiency.

[0047] In one embodiment, during the operation test of the reducer, if the magnetic chip detection unit alarms, the operation of the reducer under test is stopped, the housing of the reducer under test is disassembled, and the location of each metal chip sample is recorded.

[0048] In this embodiment, if the metal chip accessibility of the test reducer is qualified at the corresponding assessment part, the reducer housing is disassembled and the location of the metal chip sample is recorded. This allows for the observation of whether there are any metal chip samples that have failed to reach the magnetic chip detection unit, which facilitates the analysis of the actual movement path of the metal chip sample and the optimization of the reducer design.

[0049] In one embodiment, during the operation test of the reducer, if the magnetic chip detection unit alarms within a predetermined time period, the operation of the reducer under test is stopped and the housing of the reducer under test is disassembled, and the location and color of each metal chip sample are recorded.

[0050] In this embodiment, by distinguishing the color of the metal shavings sample, the source of the metal shavings sample can be located. Combined with the analysis of the flow trajectory of the metal shavings in the reducer with the lubricating medium, it is easy to know the reason why the metal shavings sample is unable to reach the magnetic shavings detection unit, which facilitates the subsequent improvement of the reducer design.

[0051] In one embodiment, during the accessibility analysis, the step of making further judgments based on the information recorded in the reducer operation experiment is as follows: confirm the location of each metal shaving sample; if all metal shaving samples are adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit, then the metal shaving accessibility of the tested reducer at the corresponding assessment location is qualified; if only some metal shaving samples are adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit, then the metal shaving accessibility of the assessment location corresponding to the metal shaving samples not adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit is unqualified.

[0052] In this embodiment, the reason why the magnetic chip detection unit did not alarm may include insufficient total amount of metal chip sample added to the reducer. The total amount of metal chips that can trigger the magnetic chip detection unit alarm depends on the material and size of the metal chips and may vary in different reducers. In order to eliminate the influence of this factor, further analysis is needed based on the recorded metal chip sample location to obtain more reliable experimental results.

[0053] In one embodiment, the scheduled duration for the accessibility analysis is between 0.5 hours and 2 hours.

[0054] In this embodiment, the predetermined duration is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the type and size of the reducer and the type of metal shavings sample.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present invention, another aspect provides a speed reducer reliability design method, comprising the following steps: speed reducer structure design, designing a speed reducer structure prototype as needed, and manufacturing speed reducer samples or designing speed reducer drawings; speed reducer structure verification, checking whether there are structures on the inner wall of the speed reducer that hinder the flow of metal shavings with the lubricating medium according to the speed reducer sample or speed reducer drawings, if such structures exist, returning to the speed reducer structure design step, otherwise continuing with the following steps; the aforementioned metal shavings accessibility test method, if the metal shavings accessibility of the tested speed reducer at the corresponding test location is qualified, then the reliability of the speed reducer structure prototype is judged to meet the standard, if the metal shavings accessibility of the tested speed reducer at the corresponding test location is unqualified, then the reliability of the speed reducer structure prototype is judged to not meet the standard.

[0056] In this embodiment, during the design process of the reducer, a prototype design is first performed as needed to obtain structural prototype design drawings or produce reducer samples. Then, based on the actual drawings or samples, the path of metal shavings flowing with the lubricating medium is analyzed to minimize the obstruction of metal fragments during their movement. The reducer design is then verified and improved based on the experimental results of the aforementioned metal shavings accessibility test, or the reducer design project may be terminated. This avoids safety hazards caused by the generated metal shavings not being detected by the magnetic shavings detection unit during operation. Optimizing the structural design affecting the flow of the reducer during the design phase can guide the design of reducers with good metal shavings accessibility, ensuring effective monitoring and feedback during operation and improving the reliability of the reducer product.

[0057] Specifically, during the speed reducer structure verification process, structures that hinder the flow of metal shavings with the lubricating medium include protrusions on the inner wall of the speed reducer, high oil return holes, and narrow gaps inside the speed reducer, wherein the size of the narrow gap is less than or equal to twice the thickness of the metal shaving sample.

[0058] In one embodiment, if the reliability of the reducer structure prototype does not meet the standard, the reducer structure design steps are repeated by referring to the information of each metal shaving sample in the experimental results until the reliability of the reducer structure prototype meets the standard.

[0059] Specifically, by referring to the position and color information of each metal shaving sample in the experimental results, we analyze and determine the specific reasons that hinder the flow of metal shaving samples inside the reducer, and find alternative solutions for the prototype design of the reducer structure to optimize the corresponding reasons.

[0060] In this embodiment, it is ensured that when the final designed reducer is working normally, metal chips can smoothly reach the magnetic chip detection unit, thereby facilitating the monitoring of the working status of internal components and improving the reliability of the reducer.

[0061] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for testing the reachability of metal scrap, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Preparation of test specimens for speed reducers: Select the speed reducer to be tested or make a sample of the speed reducer to be tested to obtain the speed reducer to be tested, and set a magnetic dust detection unit on the bottom wall of the speed reducer to be tested. The parts of the reducer to be tested need to be identified. Based on the specific internal structure of the reducer under test, the parts to be tested are marked. Metal scrap preparation: Prepare multiple metal scrap samples for later use; Metal shavings placement: A predetermined number of metal shavings samples are placed at the area to be assessed. In the speed reducer operation experiment, the speed reducer under test is assembled, driven and kept running for a predetermined time. If the magnetic debris detection unit alarms within the predetermined time, the operation of the speed reducer under test is stopped, and the running time of the speed reducer under test is recorded. If the magnetic debris detection unit does not alarm within the predetermined time, the operation of the speed reducer under test is stopped, the outer casing of the speed reducer under test is disassembled, and the location of each metal debris sample is recorded. Accessibility analysis: If the magnetic chip detection unit alarms within a predetermined time period, the metal chip accessibility of the tested reducer at the corresponding assessment location is qualified; otherwise, further judgment is made based on the information recorded during the reducer operation experiment.

2. The method for testing the reachability of metal scraps according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the process of identifying the parts of the reducer that need to be tested, based on the specific structure of the reducer under test, the locations where metal shavings may be generated or the locations where metal shavings may flow with the lubricating medium are analyzed and marked as the parts that need to be tested.

3. The method for testing the reachability of metal scraps according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the metal shavings preparation process, the material of the metal shavings sample is consistent with the material of the components of the speed reducer that may generate metal shavings.

4. The method for testing the reachability of metal scraps according to claim 3, characterized in that, During the preparation of the metal scrap, if the number of locations to be assessed is greater than 1 (N locations), the metal scrap samples are divided into N groups, and the color of the metal scrap samples in each group is different from the color of the metal scrap samples in the other groups. During the placement of the metal scrap, the metal scrap samples of different colors in each group are placed one by one with the different locations to be assessed.

5. The method for testing the reachability of metal scraps according to claim 4, characterized in that, During the operation experiment of the speed reducer, when the magnetic chip detection unit alarms, the operation of the speed reducer under test is stopped, the housing of the speed reducer under test is disassembled, and the location of each metal chip sample is recorded.

6. The method for testing the reachability of metal scraps according to claim 4, characterized in that, During the operation test of the speed reducer, if the magnetic chip detection unit alarms within the predetermined time, the speed reducer under test is stopped and its housing is disassembled, and the location and color of each metal chip sample are recorded.

7. The method for testing the reachability of metal scraps according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, During the accessibility analysis, the further judgment step based on the information recorded in the reducer operation experiment is as follows: confirm the location of each metal shaving sample. If all the metal shaving samples are adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit, the metal shaving accessibility of the tested reducer at the corresponding assessment location is qualified. If only some of the metal shaving samples are adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit, the metal shaving accessibility of the assessment location corresponding to the metal shaving samples not adsorbed by the magnetic shaving detection unit is unqualified.

8. The method for testing the reachability of metal scraps according to claim 7, characterized in that, The planned duration for the accessibility analysis is between 0.5 and 2 hours.

9. A method for designing the reliability of a speed reducer, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Reducer structure design: Design a reducer structure prototype as needed, and make reducer samples or design reducer drawings; The reducer structure is verified by checking whether there is a structure on the inner wall of the reducer that would obstruct the flow of metal shavings with the lubricating medium, based on the reducer sample or the reducer drawing. If such a structure exists, return to the reducer structure design step; otherwise, continue with the following steps. According to any one of claims 7 to 8, if the metal chip accessibility of the tested reducer is qualified at the corresponding test location, then the reliability of the reducer structural prototype is determined to meet the standard; if the metal chip accessibility of the tested reducer is unqualified at the corresponding test location, then the reliability of the reducer structural prototype is determined to not meet the standard.

10. The reducer reliability design method according to claim 9, characterized in that, If the reliability of the prototype reducer structure does not meet the standard, refer to the information of each metal shaving sample in the experimental results, and repeat the reducer structure design steps until the reliability of the prototype reducer structure meets the standard.

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