A three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold easy to disassemble and a tunnel manufacturing method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel model test, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold easy to disassemble and a manufacturing method thereof. In the tunnel manufacturing method, elastic members are arranged between model rod bodies and arched model pieces, the outer ends of the model rod bodies are pulled tight, and the elastic members are extruded; the compressed elastic members are buried in compacted soil, pre-tightening force loading simulation of the model rod bodies is realized, the three-dimensional physical model tunnel can more truly and accurately simulate actual tunnel construction support, and therefore the precision of simulation experiment is greatly improved. The two half model pieces are connected through a connecting assembly and then bent into an arch shape, the connecting assembly is disassembled from the arched model pieces after the model tunnel is manufactured, and the two half model pieces can be more conveniently taken off from the inner wall of the model tunnel, thereby greatly facilitating the disassembly operation of the tunnel mold after the model tunnel is manufactured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel model testing technology, specifically relating to an easily disassembled three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of tunnel construction in my country, tunnels are gradually moving towards deeper burial, ultra-long, and extra-large tunnels, leading to increasingly complex geological conditions. This necessitates addressing more issues related to rock mass deformation and failure mechanisms; three-dimensional physical model testing provides an excellent approach to this. On the other hand, with the continuous improvement of tunnel support concepts, pre-stressed rod-based active support is becoming the primary support method in the field. Physical model testing needs to accurately reflect the actual support methods used in the field.

[0003] Currently, the shortcomings of existing physical model experiments include:

[0004] (1) When applying preload to the rod support structure of the existing three-dimensional tunnel physical model, the preload is usually replaced by material similarity, end glue or simplified treatment, without realizing the true simulation of preload loading.

[0005] (2) When excavating a tunnel, direct excavation or placing the precast mold in the soil indefinitely can lead to problems such as poor tunnel outline formation, alteration of simulated support strength, and inaccurate support simulation.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved technical solution that addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an easily disassembled three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold and a tunnel manufacturing method, so as to at least solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for tunnel fabrication using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Based on the perimeter of the arched outline of the designed tunnel model, cut out model pieces of corresponding length and width;

[0011] Step 2: Drill multiple holes along the center line of the model piece width direction, with the diameter of the holes being larger than the diameter of the model rod.

[0012] Step 3: Cut the model piece along the center line of the width direction and set up multiple connecting components. Use the connecting components to connect the two cut half model pieces into a complete model piece.

[0013] Step 4: Bend the model piece into the arched outline shape of the tunnel to form an arched model piece, and fix a connecting component in the overlapping area of ​​the bent model piece to maintain the shape of the bent model piece;

[0014] Step 5: Fix baffles at both ends of the arched model piece to facilitate filling and compacting soil inside the arched model piece;

[0015] Step 6: Install a model rod in each hole of the arched model piece, and set an elastic element between the inner end of the model rod and the inner wall of the arched model piece. The preload on the model rod is simulated by pressing the elastic element.

[0016] Lay the assembled arched model piece flat so that the baffle is parallel to the horizontal direction. After pulling the model rods outward in the arched model piece, fill the tunnel layer by layer with soil and compact the soil layer by layer from the axial direction of the arched model piece.

[0017] Step 7: Install anchoring components at the outer end of the model rod. The anchoring components are used to block each other with the compacted backfill of the overall model box after the model tunnel is buried in the overall model box, so as to prevent the model rod from shifting relative to the backfill. The anchoring components are also used to form the anchoring section of the model rod after the model tunnel is installed in the model box.

[0018] Step 8: Complete the construction of the model tunnel. Remove the baffles from both ends of the arched model piece. After the model tunnel has dried for the set time, remove the connecting components from the two half-model pieces. Finally, remove the two half-model pieces from the model tunnel. The model tunnel can then be used for other construction work in the model box.

[0019] In the tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, the length of the model piece is greater than the perimeter of the tunnel's arch profile, and the width of the model piece is equal to the length of one cycle of tunnel excavation.

[0020] In the tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, the inner end of the model rod is an inverted conical end, and the diameter of the inverted conical end of the model rod gradually increases;

[0021] The elastic element is a spring, which is sleeved on the model rod and located between the inverted conical end of the model rod and the inner wall of the arched model piece.

[0022] In the tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, an anchor plate is provided between the spring and the inner wall of the arched model piece, and a through hole is provided on the anchor plate for the model rod to pass through.

[0023] In the tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, the anchoring component includes at least an anchoring plate, which is fixed to the outer end of the model rod, and the plane of the anchoring plate is perpendicular to the axis of the model rod.

[0024] In the tunnel construction method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, the anchoring assembly further includes an upper lock and a lower lock. The upper lock is fixed to the model rod above the anchoring plate, and the lower lock is fixed to the model rod below the anchoring plate. The upper lock and the lower lock are used to limit the position of the anchoring plate.

[0025] In the tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, an arched tensioning frame is set up to directly fix the outer ends of multiple model rods onto the tensioning frame.

[0026] In the tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, the connecting component includes a connecting piece, the width of which is equal to the width of the model piece, and both ends of the connecting piece are respectively fixedly connected to two half-model pieces by screws.

[0027] In the tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold as described above, preferably, the baffle has a notch in the middle, the shape of which is consistent with the arched outline of the tunnel, and the arched model piece is inserted into the notch of the baffle.

[0028] This application also provides an easily disassembled three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold, which is applied to the above-described tunnel construction method. The three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold includes:

[0029] The model piece has a length greater than the perimeter of the tunnel's arched outline, and a width equal to the length of one cycle of tunnel excavation. The model piece also has multiple perforations.

[0030] Connecting pieces are used to join two separate model pieces together.

[0031] Each model rod is inserted into a hole in the model piece.

[0032] A spring is fitted onto the model rod, and the spring is located between the inverted conical end of the model rod and the inner wall of the arched model piece;

[0033] An anchor plate, which is fixed to the outer end of the model rod.

[0034] Beneficial effects:

[0035] In this tunnel construction method, an elastic element is set between the model rod and the arched model piece. The outer end of the model rod is tightened, and the elastic element is squeezed. The compressed elastic element is buried in the compacted soil, which realizes the simulation of the pre-tightening force loading of the model rod. This allows the three-dimensional physical model tunnel to simulate the actual tunnel construction support more realistically and accurately, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the simulation experiment.

[0036] By connecting the two half-model pieces with a connecting component and then bending them into an arch shape, and then removing the connecting component after the model tunnel is made, the two half-model pieces can be more easily removed from the inner wall of the model tunnel, which greatly facilitates the disassembly of the tunnel mold after the model tunnel is made. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. Wherein:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a front view of a tunnel mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a front view of a model piece after the baffle is installed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a side view of a model piece after the baffle is installed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Arched model piece; 11. Perforation; 2. Model rod; 3. Spring; 4. Connecting piece; 41. Screw; 5. Anchor piece; 6. Anchor plate; 7. Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "connected" and "linked" used in this invention should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0045] According to specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, this invention provides a tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold. The tunnel fabrication method includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Based on the perimeter of the arched outline of the designed tunnel model, cut out model pieces of corresponding length and width.

[0047] Step 2: Drill multiple holes 11 along the center line of the model piece width direction. The diameter of the holes 11 is larger than the diameter of the model rod 2. In this embodiment, the model rod 2 can be a simulated anchor rod or a simulated anchor cable. The diameter of the holes 11 on the model piece is 0.5 to 1 mm larger than the diameter of the model rod 2.

[0048] Step 3: Cut the model piece along the center line of the width direction and set up multiple connecting components. Use the connecting components to connect the two cut half model pieces into a complete model piece.

[0049] In one embodiment of this application, the model piece is cut in half along the center of multiple perforations on the model piece, and the cut model pieces are then connected by a connecting component. This arrangement makes it easier to dismantle the model after the tunnel is formed.

[0050] Step 4: Bend the model piece into the arched outline shape of the tunnel to form arched model piece 1, and fix a connecting component in the overlapping area of ​​the bent model piece to maintain the shape of the bent model piece.

[0051] Step 5: Fix baffles 7 at both ends of the arched model piece 1 to facilitate filling and compacting soil inside the arched model piece 1.

[0052] Step 6: Install a model rod 2 in each hole of the arched model piece 1, and set an elastic element between the inner end of the model rod 2 and the inner wall of the arched model piece 1. The preload of the model rod 2 is simulated by pressing the elastic element.

[0053] Lay the assembled arched model piece 1 with baffle 7 flat so that baffle 7 is parallel to the horizontal direction. After pulling the model rod 2 outward in the arched model piece 1, fill the tunnel layer by layer with soil and compact the soil layer by layer from the axial direction of the arched model piece 1.

[0054] Step 7: Install anchoring components at the outer end of model rod 2. The anchoring components are used to block each other with the compacted backfill of the overall model box after the model tunnel is buried in the overall model box, so as to prevent the model rod 2 from shifting relative to the backfill. The anchoring components are also used to form the anchoring section of model rod 2 after the model tunnel is installed in the model box.

[0055] In this tunnel mold, the anchoring component installed at the outer end of the model rod 2 can act as a stop with the compacted backfill inside the model box after the model tunnel is buried in the overall model box, thereby preventing the model rod 2 from shifting relative to the backfill and ensuring that the compression of the elastic element does not change, so that the model rod 2 always maintains a good preload loading state. Secondly, after the tunnel model is made, it needs to be placed into the overall model box to make the entire model box. After the backfilling in the model box is completed, the anchoring component is buried in the backfill of the model box to form the anchoring end of the model rod 2, ensuring that the model rod 2 always has an effective preload.

[0056] Step 8: Complete the construction of the model tunnel. Remove the baffle 7 from both ends of the arched model piece 1. After the model tunnel has been dried for the set time, remove the connecting components from the two half-model pieces. Finally, remove the two half-model pieces from the model tunnel. The model tunnel can then be used for other construction work in the model box.

[0057] In this tunnel construction method, an elastic element is installed between the model rod 2 and the arched model piece 1 to tighten the outer end of the model rod 2 and compress the elastic element. Then, soil is filled and compacted inside the model rod 2, burying the compressed elastic element in the compacted soil, so that the model rod 2 maintains a pre-tightened state. At the same time, an anchoring component is installed at the outer end of the model rod 2. After the tunnel model is completed, it needs to be buried in the overall model box. The soil in the model box buries the anchoring component, so that the model rod 2 supporting the model tunnel is anchored and maintains a pre-tightened loading state. In subsequent tests, after the model tunnel is excavated, the model rod 2 automatically reaches the pre-tightened state, thereby simulating the pre-tightened loading of the model rod 2. This allows the three-dimensional physical model tunnel to more realistically and accurately simulate the actual tunnel construction support, thus greatly improving the accuracy of the simulation experiment.

[0058] By connecting the two half-model pieces with a connecting component and then bending them into an arch shape, and then removing the connecting component after the model tunnel is made, the two half-model pieces can be more easily removed from the inner wall of the model tunnel, which greatly facilitates the disassembly of the tunnel mold after the model tunnel is made.

[0059] The length of the model piece is greater than the perimeter of the tunnel's arched outline, and the width of the model piece is equal to the length of one cycle of tunnel excavation.

[0060] In one embodiment of this application, the length of the model piece is 5 to 10 cm longer than the circumference of the arched outline of the tunnel model. This arrangement makes it easier for the model piece to have a certain overlap when it is bent into the arched outline of the tunnel, which facilitates the fixing of the model piece after bending.

[0061] The inner end of the model rod 2 is an inverted conical end, and the diameter of the inverted conical end of the model rod 2 gradually increases; the elastic element is a spring 3, which is sleeved on the model rod 2 and is located between the inverted conical end of the model rod 2 and the inner wall of the arched model piece 1.

[0062] In one embodiment of this application, the inner end of the model rod 2 is set as an inverted conical end, which makes it easier to install the spring 3 on the inner end of the model rod 2 so that the spring 3 will not easily come out from the inner end of the model rod 2; and the spring 3 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the model rod 2, which makes it easier to apply a preload to the model rod 2 by compressing the spring 3.

[0063] An anchor plate 6 is provided between the spring 3 and the inner wall of the arched model piece 1. The anchor plate 6 has a through hole for the model rod 2 to pass through.

[0064] In one embodiment of this application, an anchor plate 6 is provided between the inner wall of the model piece and the spring 3, so that the anchor plate 6 bears the elastic force of the spring 3 and transmits it to the inner wall of the tunnel, making the spring 3 more uniformly stressed, thereby ensuring that the model rod 2 can be preloaded more evenly.

[0065] The anchoring assembly includes at least an anchoring plate 5, which is fixed to the outer end of the model rod 2, and the plane of the anchoring plate 5 is perpendicular to the axis of the model rod 2.

[0066] In one embodiment of this application, the anchoring plate 5 is preferably a circular plate, but it can also be square or other shapes. The anchoring plate 5 can be fixed to the model rod 2 by means of bonding, welding, threaded connection, etc. The anchoring plate 5 is perpendicular to the model rod 2. After the anchoring plate 5 is buried in the model box, the anchoring plate 5 has a larger contact area with the soil, ensuring that the anchoring end of the model rod 2 is more firmly anchored in the soil.

[0067] The anchoring assembly also includes an upper lock and a lower lock. The upper lock is fixed to the model rod 2 above the anchoring plate 5, and the lower lock is fixed to the model rod 2 below the anchoring plate 5. The upper lock and the lower lock are used to limit the anchoring plate 5.

[0068] In one embodiment of this application, the upper and lower locking devices can be cable ties, which are used to secure the anchoring plate 5 to the model rod 2 above and below it, thereby achieving relative fixation of the anchoring plate 5 on the model rod 2 and ensuring that the anchoring plate 5 has a more secure fixing effect.

[0069] In other embodiments of this application, an arched tensioning frame is provided to directly fix the outer ends of multiple model rods 2 to the tensioning frame. Specifically, the arched tensioning frame has multiple through holes for the outer ends of the model rods 2 to pass through. Cable ties can be tightened in the vertical direction as the model rods 2 pass through the tensioning frame to fix the outer ends of the model rods 2 to the tensioning frame. Alternatively, nuts can be threaded onto the model rods 2 in the vertical direction as they pass through the tensioning frame to fix the outer ends of the model rods 2 relative to the tensioning frame. When the arched model piece 1 is filled with soil and compacted, the tensioning frame is pulled outward to compress the springs 3 at the inner ends of the model rods 2, thereby applying a preload to the model rods 2. After the soil filling is completed in the arched model piece 1, the compressed springs 3 are embedded in the soil, keeping the model rods 2 in a preloaded state.

[0070] In other words, the tensioning frame not only temporarily fixes the outer end of the model rod 2, but also facilitates the simultaneous tensioning of the entire model rod 2. Furthermore, the tensioning frame is not removed after use and also serves as an anchoring component. When the model tunnel is buried in the model box, the tensioning frame is buried in the soil, forming the anchoring end of the model rod 2. Since the tensioning frame is an integral structure, it can simulate the situation where multiple model rods 2 are simultaneously anchored in a fixed rock layer, ensuring that the model rods 2 are more firmly anchored and providing a solid foundation for applying pre-tension to the model rods 2.

[0071] The connecting component includes a connecting piece 4, the width of which is equal to the width of the model piece, and the two ends of the connecting piece 4 are respectively fixedly connected to the two half-model pieces by screws 41.

[0072] In one embodiment of this application, both the model piece and the connecting piece 4 are made of aluminum sheet, which has sufficient strength and high toughness, making it easier to bend. In other embodiments, the model piece and the connecting piece 4 can also be made of materials such as plastic resin or polylactic acid. By disassembling the model piece and then connecting it with the connecting piece 4, the integrity of the model piece can be guaranteed, and the disassembly of the tunnel mold after the model tunnel is formed can be made more convenient.

[0073] In other embodiments, when the problem under study needs to consider the generalization of initial concrete or support strength, the model piece can also be permanently placed in the soil. In this case, after the model tunnel is completed, only the baffles 7 at both ends of the arched model piece 1 need to be removed.

[0074] A notch is provided in the middle of the baffle 7, and the shape of the notch is consistent with the arched outline of the tunnel. The arched model piece 1 is inserted into the notch of the baffle 7.

[0075] In one embodiment of this application, the baffle 7 is made of wood, with a notch cut out in the middle of the wood. The arched model piece 1 is inserted into the notch of the baffle 7 for temporary fixation, so as to facilitate subsequent backfilling and compaction operations.

[0076] This application also provides an easily disassembled three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold, which is applied to the above-mentioned tunnel construction method. The three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold includes:

[0077] The model piece is longer than the perimeter of the tunnel's arched outline, and its width is equal to the length of one cycle of tunnel excavation. The model piece also has multiple perforations.

[0078] Connecting piece 4 is used to connect the two disassembled model pieces into one piece;

[0079] Model rod 2, each model rod 2 is inserted into a hole in the model piece;

[0080] Spring 3 is sleeved on the model rod 2, and the spring 3 is located between the inverted conical end of the model rod 2 and the inner wall of the arched model piece 1;

[0081] Anchor plate 5 is fixed to the outer end of model rod 2.

[0082] It is understood that the above description is merely exemplary and the embodiments of this application do not limit the scope of the application.

[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for tunnel fabrication using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold, characterized in that, The tunnel construction method includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the perimeter of the arched outline of the designed tunnel model, cut out model pieces of corresponding length and width; Step 2: Drill multiple holes along the center line of the model piece width direction, with the diameter of the holes being larger than the diameter of the model rod. Step 3: Cut the model piece along the center line of the width direction and set up multiple connecting components. Use the connecting components to connect the two cut half model pieces into a complete model piece. Step 4: Bend the model piece into the arched outline shape of the tunnel to form an arched model piece, and fix a connecting component in the overlapping area of ​​the bent model piece to maintain the shape of the bent model piece; Step 5: Fix baffles at both ends of the arched model piece to facilitate filling and compacting soil inside the arched model piece; Step 6: Install a model rod in each hole of the arched model piece, and set an elastic element between the inner end of the model rod and the inner wall of the arched model piece. The preload on the model rod is simulated by pressing the elastic element. Lay the assembled arched model piece flat so that the baffle is parallel to the horizontal direction. After pulling the model rods outward in the arched model piece, fill the tunnel layer by layer with soil and compact the soil layer by layer from the axial direction of the arched model piece. Step 7: Install anchoring components at the outer end of the model rod. The anchoring components are used to block each other with the compacted backfill of the overall model box after the model tunnel is buried in the overall model box, so as to prevent the model rod from shifting relative to the backfill. The anchoring components are also used to form the anchoring section of the model rod after the model tunnel is installed in the model box. Step 8: Complete the construction of the model tunnel. Remove the baffles from both ends of the arched model piece. After the model tunnel has dried for the set time, remove the connecting components from the two half-model pieces. Finally, remove the two half-model pieces from the model tunnel. The model tunnel can then be used for other construction work in the model box.

2. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the model piece is greater than the perimeter of the tunnel's arched outline, and the width of the model piece is equal to the length of one cycle of tunnel excavation.

3. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner end of the model rod is an inverted conical end, and the diameter of the inverted conical end of the model rod gradually increases; The elastic element is a spring, which is sleeved on the model rod and located between the inverted conical end of the model rod and the inner wall of the arched model piece.

4. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 3, characterized in that, An anchor plate is provided between the spring and the inner wall of the arched model piece, and a through hole is provided on the anchor plate for the model rod to pass through.

5. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anchoring assembly includes at least an anchor plate, which is fixed to the outer end of the model rod, and the plane of the anchor plate is perpendicular to the axis of the model rod.

6. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anchoring assembly also includes an upper lock and a lower lock. The upper lock is fixed to the model rod above the anchoring plate, and the lower lock is fixed to the model rod below the anchoring plate. The upper and lower locks are used to limit the position of the anchoring plate.

7. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 3, characterized in that, An arched tensioning frame is set up to directly fix the outer ends of multiple model rods to the tensioning frame.

8. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting component includes a connecting piece, the width of which is equal to the width of the model piece, and the two ends of the connecting piece are respectively fixedly connected to the two half-model pieces by screws.

9. The tunnel fabrication method using a three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold according to claim 8, characterized in that, The baffle has a notch in the middle, the shape of which matches the arched outline of the tunnel, and the arched model piece is inserted into the notch of the baffle.

10. A three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold that is easy to disassemble, characterized in that, The tunnel mold is applied to the tunnel construction method according to any one of claims 1-9 above, and the three-dimensional physical model tunnel mold includes: The model piece is longer than the perimeter of the tunnel's arched outline, and its width is equal to the length of one cycle of tunnel excavation. The model piece also has multiple perforations. Connecting pieces are used to join two separate model pieces together. Each model rod is inserted into a hole in the model piece. A spring is fitted onto the model rod, and the spring is located between the inverted conical end of the model rod and the inner wall of the arched model piece; An anchor plate, which is fixed to the outer end of the model rod.

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