Low energy distillation column

Abstract

This invention relates to a low-energy-consumption distillation column, comprising a tray, a weir plate, and a cap. The edges of the tray are sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the column body, and the tray has flow guide holes. The weir plate is fixed to the tray and forms a liquid accumulation groove and a flow guide groove with the top surface of the tray and the inner wall of the column body. The tray has a steam inlet located in the liquid accumulation groove, and the flow guide hole is located in the flow guide groove. The cap includes a base cylinder and a top cap. The bottom end of the base cylinder is fixed to the tray corresponding to the steam inlet, and the bottom of the side wall of the base cylinder has a liquid inlet notch. The top cap is slidably connected to the upper part of the base cylinder, allowing it to move up and down. This invention provides a low-energy-consumption distillation column, belonging to the field of distillation technology. By adjusting the size of the opening at the top of the base cylinder by the top cap, the gas pressure inside the base cylinder is stabilized. The stable gas pressure eliminates the need for repeated adjustment of the flow rate of the gas supply equipment, reducing energy consumption during gas supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a low-energy-consumption distillation column, belonging to the field of distillation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Separation technology plays a crucial role in the production of everything from laboratory molecules to various chemical reagents and materials. In the petrochemical separation field, trays are important gas-liquid mass transfer devices, and their performance determines the separation effect and operating cycle. Existing trays allow liquid to enter from the top of the tower and, under its own gravity, pass through each tray layer from top to bottom to exit at the bottom. Gas, under the influence of pressure difference, passes through the gas channels on the tray from bottom to top, undergoing mass transfer with the liquid on the tray, and finally exits from the top of the tower. This process is prone to droplet splashing, resulting in poor mass transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the pressure inside the hood can only be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the gas supply equipment, and repeated adjustments increase the energy consumption of the gas supply equipment.

[0003] Existing technology CN105582687A discloses a swirl-flow floating valve tray. This tray uses swirl holes on the valve surface to allow gas entering the tray from the valve holes to exit through the swirl holes. Upon contact with the liquid, small bubbles are formed, and the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases is enhanced under the action of the swirling flow field. However, the small bubbles formed after the gas and liquid phases come into contact are not easily broken, and they easily carry the liquid phase from the lower tray into the upper tray. Therefore, mist entrainment is serious, and the problem of tray blockage cannot be solved.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a distillation column with high mass transfer efficiency and low energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-energy-consumption distillation column, which stabilizes the gas pressure inside the base cylinder by opening the top cap, and the gas pressure changes steadily, eliminating the need to repeatedly adjust the flow rate of the gas supply equipment, thereby reducing the energy consumption during gas supply.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A low-energy-consumption distillation column includes a column body and a distillation assembly disposed within the column body. A distillation port is provided at the top of the column body and connected to a condenser. A vapor inlet and a liquid outlet are provided at the bottom of the column body, and a feed inlet is provided in the middle of the column body.

[0007] The distillation assembly includes:

[0008] The tower plate has its edges sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the tower body, and the tower plate is provided with flow guide holes;

[0009] A weir plate is fixed on the tower plate and forms a liquid accumulation groove and a flow guiding groove with the top surface of the tower plate and the inner wall of the tower body. A steam inlet is provided on the tower plate, which is located in the liquid accumulation groove and the flow guiding groove.

[0010] The cap includes a base cylinder and a top cap. The bottom end of the base cylinder is fixed to the tower plate corresponding to the steam inlet. A liquid inlet notch is provided at the bottom of the side wall of the base cylinder. The top cap is slidably connected to the upper part of the base cylinder and can move up and down.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the distillate liquid enters the column body through the feed inlet and falls into the accumulator tank. High-temperature steam is continuously transported into the column body through the steam inlet, and then enters the base cylinder through the steam inlet. Due to the action of the high-temperature steam, the distillate liquid will not leak out from the steam inlet. The distillate liquid continuously flows into the accumulator tank, ensuring that there is a certain depth of distillate liquid in the accumulator tank. This ensures that the steam can fully contact the sufficient distillate liquid, and under the strong steam flow, the gas and liquid collide violently, blowing away the distillate liquid and generating a large number of droplets of different sizes, increasing the contact area and improving the mass transfer effect. Under the power of the steam, the distillate liquid collides violently with the inner wall and top cap of the base cylinder, causing the distillate liquid to further form smaller droplets. The droplets further increase the contact area; when the steam flow rate changes, the height to which the top cap is lifted will also change accordingly. The height to which the top cap is lifted determines the air outlet area at the top of the base cylinder. When the steam flow increases, the top cap is lifted higher, the air outlet area increases, ensuring the stability of the gas pressure inside the base cylinder. There is no need to repeatedly adjust the gas flow rate of the gas supply equipment to regulate the gas pressure inside the base cylinder, thus reducing the energy consumption of the gas supply equipment; the distilled liquid inside the tower is always in a flowing state. The distilled liquid in the accumulator flows into the guide channel and is discharged downward through the guide hole; according to the different volatilization temperatures of different substances in the distilled liquid, the substances that volatilize first are transported from the distillation port to the condenser for condensation to obtain the distilled product, and the remaining distilled liquid is output from the liquid outlet.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0013] Furthermore, there are multiple steam inlets and multiple caps, and the number of each is the same.

[0014] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that it improves mass transfer efficiency by increasing the number of steam inlets and caps.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes two sliding plates, which are fixed on both sides of the top cap and slide against the side wall of the base cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, multiple guide plates are fixed on both sliding plates, and the multiple guide plates slide against the side wall of the base cylinder.

[0017] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the guide plates on the two sliding plates can slide against the side wall of the base cylinder, which can ensure that the sliding plates slide along the vertical direction of the base cylinder and prevent deviation.

[0018] Furthermore, a limiting plate is fixed to the top of the side wall of the base cylinder, and the guide plate can abut against the limiting plate.

[0019] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that when the skateboard slides upward, the guide plate abuts against the limiting plate to prevent the top cap from detaching from the base cylinder.

[0020] Furthermore, the sidewall of the base cylinder is provided with multiple injection holes, which are arranged in an array.

[0021] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are: the steam will carry the distilled liquid out of multiple injection holes, and the distilled liquid will be further dispersed into distilled liquid droplets during the process of being ejected from the injection holes, further increasing the mass transfer area. The distilled liquid droplets between adjacent base cylinders will continue to collide with each other to carry out mass transfer, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency.

[0022] Furthermore, the base tube is a rectangular tube, and the plurality of injection holes are arranged in a matrix, with two adjacent injection holes staggered vertically.

[0023] Furthermore, the steam inlet is a rectangular hole with a width of 35-45 mm and a length of 125-135 mm; the cross-sectional width of the base cylinder is 45-55 mm and the length is 135-145 mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the distance the cap slides up and down is 10-60mm.

[0025] Furthermore, it includes multiple distillation components, with the trays of the multiple distillation components parallel to each other and fixed to the inner wall of the column body along the axial direction of the column body, and the upper guide hole and the lower liquid collection tank are arranged correspondingly.

[0026] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are: multiple trays are arranged in parallel, the distilled liquid in the upper tray flows from the guide hole to the liquid collection tank of the lower tray, and the distilled liquid flows in a serpentine manner from top to bottom, which prolongs the mass transfer time in the column and improves the distillation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the distillation assembly in a low-energy distillation column according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The main view;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top cap and sliding connection in a low-energy distillation column according to the present invention.

[0031] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0032] 1. Tray; 11. Flow guide hole; 2. Weir plate; 3. Cap; 31. Base cylinder; 311. Liquid inlet notch; 312. Injection hole; 32. Top cap; 33. Sliding plate; 34. Guide plate; 35. Limiting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0034] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-energy-consumption distillation column to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By opening the top of the base cylinder with the top cap, the gas pressure inside the base cylinder is stabilized. The gas pressure changes are stable, eliminating the need to repeatedly adjust the flow rate of the gas supply equipment and reducing energy consumption during gas supply.

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] This invention provides a low-energy-consumption distillation column, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, the system includes a column body and a distillation assembly housed within the column body. The top of the column body has a distillation port connected to a condenser. The bottom of the column body has a vapor inlet and a liquid outlet, and the middle of the column body has a feed inlet.

[0037] The distillation components include:

[0038] The tower plate 1 has its edge sealed and fixed to the inner wall of the tower body, and the tower plate 1 is provided with flow guide holes 11.

[0039] Weir plate 2 is fixed on tower plate 1 and forms a liquid accumulation tank and a flow guide tank with the top surface of tower plate 1 and the inner wall of tower body. Steam inlet is provided on tower plate 1, the steam inlet is located in the liquid accumulation tank, and the flow guide hole 11 is located in the flow guide tank.

[0040] The cap 3 includes a base cylinder 31 and a top cap 32. The bottom end of the base cylinder 31 is fixed on the tower plate 1 corresponding to the steam inlet. The bottom of the side wall of the base cylinder 31 is provided with a liquid inlet notch 311. The top cap 32 is slidably connected to the upper part of the base cylinder 31 and can move up and down.

[0041] The low-energy-consumption distillation column provided by this invention allows the distillate liquid to enter the column body through the feed inlet and fall into the collection tank. High-temperature steam is continuously supplied into the column body through the steam inlet and then enters the base cylinder 31 through the steam inlet. Due to the action of the high-temperature steam, the distillate liquid will not leak out of the steam inlet, and the distillate liquid continuously flows into the collection tank, ensuring that there is a certain depth of distillate liquid in the collection tank. This ensures that the steam can fully contact the sufficient distillate liquid, and under the strong steam flow, the gas and liquid collide violently, blowing the distillate liquid apart and generating a large number of droplets of different sizes, increasing the contact area and improving the mass transfer effect. Under the power of the steam, the distillate liquid collides violently with the inner wall of the base cylinder 31 and the top cap 32, causing the distillate liquid to further form smaller droplets. This further increases the contact area; when the steam flow rate changes, the height to which the top cap 32 is lifted will change accordingly. The height to which the top cap 32 is lifted determines the air outlet area at the top of the base cylinder 31. When the steam flow increases, the top cap 32 is lifted higher, the air outlet area increases, ensuring the stability of the gas pressure inside the base cylinder 31. There is no need to repeatedly adjust the gas flow rate of the gas supply equipment to adjust the gas pressure inside the base cylinder 31, thus reducing the energy consumption of the gas supply equipment; the distilled liquid inside the tower is always in a flowing state. The distilled liquid in the accumulating tank flows into the guide channel and is discharged downward through the guide hole 11; according to the different volatilization temperatures of different substances in the distilled liquid, the substances that volatilize first are transported from the distillation port to the condenser for condensation to obtain the distilled product, and the remaining distilled liquid is output from the liquid outlet.

[0042] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the width of the top cap 32 is 60-200mm, preferably 90mm.

[0043] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple steam inlets and caps 3, and the number of each is the same.

[0044] Mass transfer efficiency is improved by increasing the number of steam inlets and caps 3.

[0045] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, it further includes two sliding plates 33, which are respectively fixed on both sides of the top cap 32 and slide against the side wall of the base cylinder 31.

[0046] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, multiple guide plates 34 are fixed on both sliding plates 33, and the multiple guide plates 34 slide against the side wall of the base cylinder 31.

[0047] The guide plates 34 on the two sliding plates 33 can slide against the side wall of the base cylinder 31, ensuring that the sliding plates 33 slide along the vertical direction of the base cylinder 31 and preventing deviation.

[0048] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a limiting plate 35 is fixed to the top of the side wall of the base cylinder 31, and the guide plate 34 can abut against the limiting plate 35.

[0049] When the slide plate slides upward, the guide plate 34 abuts against the limiting plate 35 to prevent the top cap 32 from detaching from the base cylinder 31.

[0050] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a limiting plate 35 is fixed at each of the four corners of the upper edge of the base cylinder 31. The limiting plate 35 extends outward to support the top cap 32.

[0051] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the base cylinder 31 is provided with a plurality of injection holes 312, and the plurality of injection holes 312 are arranged in an array.

[0052] Steam carries distilled liquid out through multiple injection holes 312. As the distilled liquid is ejected from the injection holes 312, it is further dispersed into distilled liquid droplets, which further increases the mass transfer area. The distilled liquid droplets between adjacent base cylinders 31 continue to collide with each other, carrying out mass transfer and improving the mass transfer efficiency.

[0053] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the base cylinder 31 is a rectangular cylinder, and multiple injection holes 312 are arranged in a matrix, with two adjacent injection holes 312 arranged in a staggered manner.

[0054] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, spray holes 312 are provided on the side plates opposite to the base cylinder 31. There are four rows of spray holes 312 on one side plate. The diameter of the spray holes 312 is 1 to 20 mm, preferably 8 mm.

[0055] Preferably, the injection holes 312 are arranged in four rows, totaling 26 holes, the liquid inlet notch 311 is 8mm high from the tray 1, the top cap 32 has an area of ​​90mm×145mm, and the sliding plate 33 has a length of 37mm along the sliding direction.

[0056] Preferably, the base cylinder 31, top cap 32, sliding plate 33, guide plate 34 and limiting plate 35 are all made of stainless steel metal plate.

[0057] Preferably, the dimensions of the base cylinder 31 are 50mm × 140mm × 170mm.

[0058] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the tower plate 1 is provided with six steam inlets, which are rectangular holes with a size slightly smaller than the cross-section of the base cylinder 31. The rectangular holes on adjacent tower plates 1 can be arranged longitudinally in a corresponding manner or staggered. The rectangular holes are evenly distributed on the tower plate 1, which can form a uniform gas-liquid distribution on the tower plate 1.

[0059] Preferably, the steam inlet holes are 40mm × 130mm in size, arranged in a 3×2 pattern on the tower plate 1, with a horizontal spacing of 170mm and a vertical spacing of 180mm.

[0060] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the steam inlet is a rectangular hole with a width of 35-45 mm and a length of 125-135 mm; the cross-sectional width of the base cylinder 31 is 45-55 mm and the length is 135-145 mm.

[0061] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the distance by which the top cap 32 slides up and down is 10 to 60 mm, preferably 30 mm.

[0062] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, multiple distillation components are included. The trays 1 of the multiple distillation components are parallel and fixed to the inner wall of the column body along the axial direction of the column body. The upper guide holes 11 are arranged correspondingly to the lower liquid collection tank.

[0063] Multiple trays 1 are arranged in parallel. The distilled liquid in the upper tray 1 flows from the guide hole 11 to the liquid collection tank of the lower tray 1. The distilled liquid flows in a serpentine manner from top to bottom, which prolongs the mass transfer time in the column and improves the distillation effect.

[0064] The operation of a low-energy distillation column consists of the following stages:

[0065] In the first stage, the gas phase from the next layer enters the base cylinder 31 through the rectangular steam inlet on the tray 1. The steam contraction can be compared to a sudden contraction process, where static pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, forming a local low-pressure zone around the steam inlet.

[0066] In the second stage, under the action of gravity, the distilled liquid in the accumulating tank enters the base cylinder 31 through the liquid inlet 311 and comes into vertical contact with the rising vapor from the bottom at the inlet of the liquid inlet 311. The result of the contact is a violent collision of gas and liquid, and a large number of droplets of different sizes are generated here.

[0067] The third stage occurs inside the vertical cylinder 31. The liquid inside the cylinder 31 is also lifted by the high-speed upward movement of steam. During this process, the droplets are further "torn apart" to form smaller droplets, and the mass transfer area is further increased. The small droplets formed after being "torn apart" will intersect with the rising gas phase to form a ring flow. Gas and liquid fully contact and transfer mass here. Therefore, the inside of the cylinder 31 is the main place where mass transfer occurs. Under the action of steam, the droplets will collide violently with the inner wall surface of the cylinder 31 and the top cap 32. The result of the collision is the generation of smaller droplets, increasing the mass transfer area. At the same time, gas and liquid also contact and transfer mass on the wall surface.

[0068] In the fourth stage, the fully mixed gas and liquid phases inside the base cylinder 31 are ejected obliquely upward from the injection holes 312 on the side wall of the base cylinder 31 and the narrow gap at the top of the top cap 32. The ejected gas and liquid will collide violently with the gas and liquid ejected from the adjacent base cylinder 31. The ejected gas and liquid will also undergo a mass transfer process in the space between the two base cylinders 31. The liquid phase ejected from these two places will return to the tray 1 under the action of gravity and inertia. After being ejected, the gas bypasses the top cap 32 and continues to enter the upper tray 1 after gas-liquid separation.

[0069] The gas and liquid phases undergo multiple processes such as film stretching, rupture, impact, entrainment, jetting, and separation. The gas-liquid mass transfer area gradually increases, and the mass transfer process is carried out extensively within the base cylinder 31. Under the action of the top cap 32, the gas and liquid phases are efficiently separated, reducing the amount of mist entrainment, improving separation efficiency, and reducing energy consumption.

[0070] This device has a large production capacity, increasing the liquid lifting capacity by 20% compared to the traditional three-dimensional jet tower plate 1, and can withstand a larger gas-liquid load. The top cap 32 makes the distillation column have a smaller leakage and mist entrainment rate.

[0071] The high mass transfer efficiency, the presence of the injection hole 312 increases the intensity of gas-liquid mass transfer, increases the effective mass transfer space on tray 1, increases the contact area between the gas and liquid phases, and effectively improves the efficiency of tray 1.

[0072] The pressure drop of tray 1 is low, the opening area of ​​the steam inlet is large, the obstruction to the gas phase is minimal, the fluid flow is smooth, and the energy required for the gas to overcome the liquid layer is less, which effectively reduces the pressure drop of the dry and wet trays of tray 1.

[0073] It has strong anti-clogging ability, avoiding the abnormal phenomenon of clogging of tray 1 by viscous materials, and has unique advantages in the separation of polymer monomers.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-energy-consumption distillation column, comprising a column body and a distillation assembly disposed within the column body, wherein a distillation port is provided at the top of the column body and connected to a condenser, a vapor inlet and a liquid outlet are provided at the bottom of the column body, and a feed inlet is provided in the middle of the column body, characterized in that, The distillation assembly includes: The tower plate (1) has its edge sealed and fixed on the inner wall of the tower body, and the tower plate (1) is provided with flow guide holes (11); Weir plate (2), the weir plate (2) is fixed on the tower plate (1) and forms a liquid accumulation tank and a flow guide tank with the top surface of the tower plate (1) and the inner wall of the tower body. A steam inlet is provided on the tower plate (1), the steam inlet is located in the liquid accumulation tank, and the flow guide hole (11) is located in the flow guide tank. The cap (3) includes a base cylinder (31) and a top cap (32). The bottom end of the base cylinder (31) is fixed on the tower plate (1) corresponding to the steam inlet. The bottom of the side wall of the base cylinder (31) is provided with a liquid inlet notch (311). The top cap (32) is slidably connected to the upper part of the base cylinder (31) and can move up and down. It also includes two sliding plates (33), which are fixed on both sides of the top cap (32) and slide against the side wall of the base cylinder (31); Multiple guide plates (34) are fixed on both sliding plates (33), and the multiple guide plates (34) slide against the side wall of the base cylinder (31); A limiting plate (35) is fixed to the top of the side wall of the base cylinder (31), and the guide plate (34) can abut against the limiting plate (35).

2. The low-energy-consumption distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of steam inlets and caps (3) are both multiple and the number is the same.

3. A low energy consumption rectifying column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base cylinder (31) has a plurality of injection holes (312) on its side wall, and the plurality of injection holes (312) are arranged in an array.

4. A low energy consumption rectifying column according to claim 3, characterized in that, The base tube (31) is a rectangular tube, and the plurality of injection holes (312) are arranged in a matrix, with two adjacent injection holes (312) staggered.

5. A low energy consumption rectifying column according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steam inlet is a rectangular hole with a width of 35-45 mm and a length of 125-135 mm; the cross-section of the base cylinder (31) has a width of 45-55 mm and a length of 135-145 mm.

6. A low energy consumption rectifying column as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The distance the cap (3) slides up and down is 10-60mm.

7. A low energy consumption rectifying column as claimed in claim 1, wherein, It includes multiple distillation components, and the trays (1) of the multiple distillation components are parallel and fixed to the inner wall of the column body along the axial direction of the column body. The upper guide hole (11) is arranged correspondingly to the lower liquid collection tank.

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