A fixed bed reactor for intensifying heat release

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment and specifically relates to a fixed bed reactor for strengthening heat release, which comprises a shell, a controller is arranged on one side of the shell, a plurality of groups of heating cavities are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the shell, an inner cavity is arranged in the shell, a plurality of groups of inert filler modules are uniformly arranged in the inner cavity, a heat conduction support is arranged at the bottom of the inert filler module, and a catalyst module is arranged at the bottom of the heat conduction support; the heat conduction support comprises a chassis; the device increases the heat conduction support between the catalyst modules, so that the product of the previous catalyst module is mixed and releases heat here, the optimal temperature of the subsequent catalyst module is reduced, the concentration distribution is uniform, the reaction is efficiently carried out in the next catalyst module, the selectivity and conversion rate are improved, and an independent heating area is arranged between each catalyst module, the heating power of a certain section can be reduced according to the reaction intensity, and rapid cooling is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of chemical equipment technology, specifically a fixed-bed reactor with enhanced exothermic reaction. Background Technology

[0002] Fixed-bed reactors have a simple structure, relatively uniform reactant distribution, and high space velocity, and have been widely used in the chemical industry. The traditional fixed-bed reactor structure consists of catalyst modules filled inside tubes, with a heat source heating the catalyst through the tube wall. Reactants enter the reactor from the inlet, pass through the catalyst layer in the reaction chamber, and the products are discharged from the outlet.

[0003] Temperature is a crucial factor affecting the conversion rate and selectivity of chemical reactions. Excessively high temperatures can cause various hazards to the reaction process and equipment, such as reduced product yield, increased byproduct content, reduced catalyst activity, and catalyst coking. For strongly exothermic reactions, a slow heat transfer rate can also lead to reactor explosions. Controlling the reaction temperature within a reasonable range is of great significance for promoting efficient and stable reactions and ensuring equipment safety.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN116648304A provides a fixed-bed reactor, comprising: a pipe for introducing a gas-liquid two-phase flow from the upper part of the fixed-bed reactor into the interior; and an inlet baffle disposed inside the fixed-bed reactor opposite to the inlet of the pipe, the inlet baffle being a horizontally arranged flat plate, the inlet of the pipe being disposed directly above the center of the inlet baffle on the main surface of the inlet baffle; this fixed-bed reactor has low reaction efficiency and poor reaction effect, failing to meet actual processing requirements.

[0005] Heat transfer occurs through the walls of the shell to the inside of the catalyst module. However, the temperatures of the heating chamber, the shell, and the catalyst module are all different, and it is impossible to effectively detect the temperature at each location. Furthermore, there are issues such as long response times when adjusting the temperature, which can easily reduce the heating efficiency and effect on the catalyst module inside the shell.

[0006] Meanwhile, when the reactants contain impurities that cause blockages inside the inert packing module, the efficiency of the reactants being uniformly dispersed and transported downwards inside the inert packing module decreases, thereby reducing the efficiency of the subsequent exothermic reaction between the reactants and the catalyst module. Furthermore, when the blockage locations inside the inert packing module are different, the reactants are also in an uneven distribution state when they reach the thermally conductive support, which further reduces the uniform distribution of the reactants inside the thermally conductive support.

[0007] Because the catalyst material has poor thermal conductivity, when the reactants undergo an exothermic reaction inside the catalyst module and the temperature continues to rise, if the catalyst module cannot be cooled down quickly, the reactants will explode inside the catalyst module, thereby reducing the safety and stability of the device. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the above problems, this application provides a fixed-bed reactor with enhanced exothermic response.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic reaction, comprising a shell, a controller on one side of the shell, multiple sets of heating chambers uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the shell, an inner cavity inside the shell, multiple sets of inert packing modules uniformly arranged inside the inner cavity, a thermally conductive support at the bottom of the inert packing module, and a catalyst module at the bottom of the thermally conductive support.

[0010] The heat-conducting support includes a base frame, a central rod at the top of the base frame, a top frame movably connected to the top of the central rod, multiple sets of expansion bellows evenly distributed on the outer surface of the central rod, a wedge-shaped push rod at the other end of the expansion bellows, a push block at the other end of the wedge-shaped push rod, a wedge-shaped side rod slidably connected to the top of the wedge-shaped push rod, and a movably connected top of the wedge-shaped side rod to the bottom of the top frame.

[0011] The heating chamber has multiple sets of baffles evenly connected on one side near the inner cavity. A blocking rod is slidably connected inside the baffle. The end of the push block away from the wedge-shaped push rod passes through the baffle and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blocking rod. An elastic throttling plate is provided on the side wall of the heating chamber near the inner cavity. The elastic throttling plate is fixedly connected to the end face of the blocking rod. A top block is provided at the other end of the elastic throttling plate and at the position corresponding to the blocking rod.

[0012] The outer surface of the shell is uniformly provided with multiple sets of side tubes, the top of the side tubes is connected to a feeding tube, the inside of the feeding tube is provided with a fixing plate, the inside of the fixing plate is uniformly provided with multiple sets of connecting holes, the side wall of the feeding tube is provided with a through hole, the inside of the through hole is slidably connected to a moving plate, the inside of the moving plate is uniformly provided with multiple sets of docking holes.

[0013] This solution not only effectively improves the uniform dispersion of reactants, but also adjusts the flow rate of the heating medium inside the heating chamber according to the temperature of the reactants, thereby ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the heating medium inside the heating chamber and the accuracy of the internal temperature. When blockage occurs inside the inert packing module, its tilting vibration further improves the unblocking effect. When the internal temperature of the catalyst module continues to rise and reaches the set maximum temperature, the low-temperature reactants inside the feed pipe quickly enter the internal temperature of the catalyst module along the side pipe, further reducing the internal temperature of the catalyst module, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the device.

[0014] Furthermore, the controller electrically controls each electrical component. The top of the housing is connected to a top feed port, and the bottom of the housing is connected to a bottom discharge port. Both the top feed port and the bottom discharge port are connected to the inner cavity. The top and bottom of the inner cavity are provided with side-end packing modules. The inert packing module contains inert material, and the material inside the side-end packing module is the same as the material inside the inert packing module.

[0015] Furthermore, a heating medium flows inside the heating chamber, and a heat medium pipe is provided on the outer surface of the shell. Multiple sets of heat inlets are uniformly connected inside the heat medium pipe, and each heat inlet is connected to the inlet end of the corresponding heating chamber. Multiple sets of heat outlets are connected inside the heat medium pipe at positions corresponding to the heat inlets, and each heat outlet is connected to the outlet end of the heating chamber. The two ends of the elastic throttling plate are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the heat inlets and heat outlets, respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, one end of the side tube passes through the housing and is connected to the catalyst module. A thermocouple is installed inside the side tube, and the detection end of the thermocouple matches the inside of the catalyst module. Low-temperature reactants flow inside the feed tube. The side tube is located at the bottom of the heating chamber, and the bottom of the blocking rod and the elastic throttling plate are in a sealed sliding connection with the top of the side tube.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the base frame is fixedly connected to the top of the catalyst module, the top of the top frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inert packing module, the interior of the top frame is uniformly provided with multiple sets of top holes, and the interior of the base frame is uniformly provided with multiple sets of bottom holes.

[0018] Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the top frame and the inert packing module are provided with elastic connecting sleeves, the outer wall of the elastic connecting sleeves is elastically connected to the inner wall of the inner cavity, the outer surface of the catalyst module is uniformly provided with multiple sets of fixing members, and the side wall of the inner cavity is uniformly provided with multiple sets of fixing grooves, the fixing members and fixing grooves are matched.

[0019] Furthermore, the interior of the expansion bellows is provided with thermal expansion gas, and multiple sets of connecting springs are evenly provided on the side wall of the intermediate rod. The other end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the wedge-shaped push rod, and the connecting spring is located inside the expansion bellows.

[0020] Furthermore, the top of the base frame is evenly provided with multiple sets of sliding grooves, the bottom of each wedge push rod is provided with a slider, the slider matches the sliding groove, the top of the wedge push rod is provided with a limiting groove, the bottom of the wedge side rod is provided with a limiting block, the limiting groove matches the limiting block, the height of the wedge push rod gradually increases from the middle rod end to the push block end, the bottom of the wedge side rod is provided with a wedge-shaped surface, and the top of the wedge push rod and the bottom of the wedge side rod are wedge-shaped sliding fits.

[0021] Furthermore, the outer surface of the blocking rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the baffle groove, the side wall of the baffle groove is provided with a return spring, the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blocking rod, and the size of the elastic throttling plate matches the size of the heating cavity.

[0022] Furthermore, the other end of the movable plate passes through the housing and is connected to the heating chamber. The inner wall of the feeding pipe away from the through hole is provided with a side groove. The side wall of the side groove is provided with a buffer spring. The other end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable plate. Multiple sets of docking holes match the connecting holes. The top block matches the end of the movable plate away from the side groove. The length of the top block matches the diameter of the connecting hole and thus the docking hole. The side groove is in a sealed sliding connection with the outer surface of the movable plate.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0024] 1. This invention, through the cooperation of components such as heat-conducting support members and catalyst modules, allows the product of the previous catalyst module to be mixed and exothermically cooled to the optimal temperature of the subsequent catalyst module by adding heat-conducting support members between catalyst modules. This results in a uniform concentration distribution, enabling the reaction to proceed efficiently in the next catalyst module, improving selectivity and conversion rate. Furthermore, by setting independent heating zones between each catalyst module, the heating power of a certain section can be reduced according to the intensity of the reaction, achieving rapid cooling.

[0025] 2. By setting up a feeding pipe and catalyst module and other components in cooperation, the device limits the height of the catalyst module, reduces the heat of reaction in each section, and helps to achieve a uniform temperature distribution in the entire inner cavity. With the help of separate feeding through the feeding pipe, when the reaction temperature in a certain section rises sharply, low-temperature raw materials are directly added to achieve rapid cooling and ensure that the reactants inside the shell can safely and stably carry out the required reaction.

[0026] 3. By setting up a heating chamber and an inner cavity, this invention not only achieves uniform dispersion of reactants, improving the uniformity and thoroughness of the subsequent exothermic reaction with the catalyst module, but also pre-cools the reactants to prevent the temperature from continuously rising and reducing the reaction efficiency due to the continuous exothermic reaction between the reactants and the catalyst module. At the same time, by adjusting the flow rate of the heating medium inside the heating chamber according to the temperature change of the reactants, the heat exchange efficiency between the heating medium and the reactants inside the inner cavity is adaptively adjusted, ensuring that the temperature of the reactants is always at the initial optimal temperature.

[0027] 4. This invention, through the coordinated arrangement of components such as the inert packing module and the feed pipe, causes the inert packing module to vibrate up and down inside the cavity when the reactant temperature changes, further improving the vibration-clearing effect on the inert packing module. When partial blockage occurs inside the inert packing module, it can also be tilted and vibrated to further improve the tilting-vibration-clearing effect on the inert packing module. Finally, when the reactant temperature inside the catalyst module is too high and there is a risk of explosion, the heating medium inside the heating chamber stops flowing and, in conjunction with the rapid inflow of low-temperature reactants inside the feed pipe, further improves the rapid cooling effect on the catalyst module, ensuring the safety and stability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a front sectional view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermally conductive support component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point D;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the movable plate structure of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Shell; 2. Top inlet; 3. Bottom outlet; 4. Heat medium pipe; 5. Heat inlet; 6. Heat outlet; 7. Heating chamber; 8. Side pipe; 9. Thermocouple; 10. Feed pipe; 11. Side end packing module; 12. Inert packing module; 13. Top frame; 14. Top hole; 15. Base frame; 16. Bottom hole; 17. Intermediate rod; 18. Wedge-shaped side rod; 19. Expansion bellows; 20. Wedge-shaped push rod; 21. 1. Push block; 22. Catalyst module; 23. Fixing component; 24. Limiting groove; 25. Limiting block; 26. Connecting spring; 27. Blocking rod; 28. Top block; 29. ​​Reset spring; 30. Through hole; 31. Moving plate; 32. Docking hole; 33. Fixing plate; 34. Connecting hole; 35. Side groove; 36. Buffer spring; 37. Elastic connecting sleeve; 38. Elastic throttling plate; 39. Inner cavity; 40. Baffle groove. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] First Embodiment

[0039] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic reaction includes a shell 1. A controller is provided on one side of the shell 1, which electrically controls various electrical components. Multiple sets of heating chambers 7 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1. Heating medium flows inside the heating chambers 7, providing the necessary temperature conditions for the chemical reaction inside the shell 1. An inner cavity 39 is provided inside the shell 1. The inner cavity 39 is mainly used for the flow and reaction of reactants. Multiple sets of inert packing modules 12 are uniformly arranged inside the inner cavity 39. The inert packing modules 12 contain inert materials, such as quartz sand and ceramic particles, which do not react with the reactants. They are used to disperse the reactants and form a uniform flow field. The height of the packing can be changed according to construction and reaction requirements. A thermally conductive support is provided at the bottom of the inert packing module 12. The thermally conductive support is made of a material with good thermal conductivity, generally a metal structure or metal particles. Under special conditions, ceramic materials can be used. The size of this structure is related to the heat of reaction. The thermally conductive support provides support. A catalyst module 22 is provided at the bottom of the thermally conductive support. The catalyst module 22 is formed by the accumulation of catalyst particles. The catalyst contacts the reactants and undergoes an exothermic reaction.

[0040] The top of the shell 1 is connected to the top inlet 2, and the bottom of the shell 1 is connected to the bottom outlet 3. Both the top inlet 2 and the bottom outlet 3 are connected to the inner cavity 39. The top inlet 2 is used for the reactants to enter the inner cavity 39 for reaction, and the reactants after the reaction is completed are discharged through the bottom outlet 3. The top and bottom of the inner cavity 39 are provided with side end packing modules 11. The material of the side end packing modules 11 is the same as that of the inert packing modules 12, that is, the inside of the side end packing modules 11 is also an inert material. This design further improves the stability and uniformity of the reactants when entering and exiting the inner cavity 39.

[0041] The outer surface of the shell 1 is provided with a heat medium pipe 4, which inputs and outputs heating medium into the heating chamber 7. The interior of the heat medium pipe 4 is uniformly connected with multiple sets of heat inlets 5, which are connected to the inlet end of the corresponding heating chamber 7. The heating medium enters the interior of the heating chamber 7 along the heat inlet 5. The heating chamber 7 surrounds the shell 1, thereby achieving heating of different temperature zones inside the inner cavity 39. The interior of the heat medium pipe 4 is connected with multiple sets of heat outlets 6 at positions corresponding to the heat inlets 5. The heat outlets 6 are connected to the outlet end of the heating chamber 7, so the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7 is discharged along the heat outlets 6, further improving the circulating heating effect of the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7. Furthermore, catalyst modules 22 of different heights correspond to different heating chambers 7, and the temperature inside the heating chamber 7 is different, further realizing the adaptive adjustment function for different temperature zones. This ensures that the reactants receive the optimal heating temperature when they reach different catalyst modules 22, further improving the reaction efficiency and reaction effect between the catalyst module 22 and the reactants.

[0042] Multiple sets of side tubes 8 are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the shell 1. One end of the side tube 8 passes through the shell 1 and is connected to the catalyst module 22. A thermocouple 9 is installed inside the side tube 8. The detection end of the thermocouple 9 is matched with the inside of the catalyst module 22. The temperature of the catalyst module 22 at the corresponding position is monitored by means of the thermocouple 9. The top of the side tube 8 is connected to the feed pipe 10. Low temperature raw materials flow inside the feed pipe 10. When the thermocouple 9 detects that the temperature of the catalyst module 22 at that position reaches the set maximum temperature value, the controller controls the feed pipe 10 to introduce low temperature reactants. The low temperature reactants mix with the reactants inside the catalyst module 22 at the corresponding position and quickly cool them down to avoid safety accidents such as explosions caused by excessively high temperature when the catalyst module 22 reacts with the reactants.

[0043] In use, the heating medium is first introduced into the heating chamber 7 through the heating inlet 5. The heating medium bypasses the heating chamber 7 and is finally discharged through the heating outlet 6. The heating medium content is different in the heating chamber 7 at different heights, which ensures that the temperature value is different at different heights inside the inner cavity 39. This effectively ensures that the reactants are provided with different reaction temperatures when they reach different positions during the reaction process, further improving the accuracy of the reaction between the reactants and the catalyst module 22.

[0044] The reactants are then fed into the inner cavity 39 through the top feed port 2. The reactants are first uniformly dispersed by the side packing module 11. The dispersed reactants continue to flow downward to the inert packing module 12, the thermally conductive support, and the catalyst module 22. At this time, the reactants and the catalyst module 22 undergo a catalytic reaction in a high-temperature environment. Since this catalytic reaction is exothermic, the temperature of the reactants changes. The reactants continue to flow downward and pass through multiple sets of catalyst modules 22 in sequence to undergo a catalytic reaction. After the reaction is completed, the reactants are discharged through the bottom discharge port 3, completing the catalytic reaction process and obtaining the desired reactants.

[0045] When the reactants and catalyst module 22 catalyze each other, the internal temperature of catalyst module 22 is detected by thermocouple 9. When the temperature value detected by thermocouple 9 increases, since the catalytic reaction is exothermic, the temperature of the subsequent reactants will further increase. After multiple sets of catalytic reactions, if the temperature of the reactants is too high, the reaction efficiency will be reduced. Therefore, the controller controls the flow rate of the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7 at the corresponding position to decrease, thereby reducing the heating temperature of the heating chamber 7 on the catalyst module 22 and reducing the temperature of the reactants accordingly, effectively ensuring the accuracy of heating and the efficiency of the reaction.

[0046] When the temperature detected by thermocouple 9 increases further and reaches the set maximum temperature, if the exothermic reaction is allowed to continue, the inside of the shell 1 may explode due to excessively high temperature. Therefore, the controller controls the feeding pipe 10 to pass low-temperature reactants. The low-temperature reactants pass through the feeding pipe 10 and the side pipe 8 to reach the inside of the catalyst module 22. The temperature of the low-temperature reactants themselves is used to quickly cool down the exothermic reaction inside the catalyst module 22, thereby ensuring the stable progress of the exothermic reaction inside the shell 1 and preventing the shell 1 from exploding in a high-temperature environment and causing a major safety accident.

[0047] The device utilizes thermally conductive supports between catalyst modules 22 to allow the products from the previous catalyst module 22 to mix and release heat, reducing the temperature to the optimal level for the subsequent catalyst module 22. This ensures uniform concentration distribution and allows the reaction to proceed efficiently in the next catalyst module 22, improving selectivity and conversion rate. Furthermore, an independent heating zone is provided between each catalyst module 22, allowing for the reduction of heating power in specific sections based on reaction intensity, achieving rapid cooling. Limiting the height of the catalyst modules 22 reduces the heat of reaction within each section, contributing to a uniform temperature distribution throughout the entire internal cavity 39. With separate feeding via the feed pipe 10, when the reaction temperature in a certain section rises sharply, low-temperature raw materials are directly added for rapid cooling, ensuring the safe and stable reaction of the reactants inside the shell 1.

[0048] Second Embodiment

[0049] like Figure 4-8 As shown, when the actual reactants undergo an exothermic reaction with the catalyst module 22, and the internal temperature of the catalyst module 22 is detected and adjusted using thermocouple 9, the temperature detection accuracy is low and the temperature adjustment response speed is slow, thus failing to accurately control the temperature value of the catalyst module 22, further reducing the efficiency of the exothermic reaction. Simultaneously, when the reactants are pre-uniformly dispersed using the inert packing module 12, if impurities are present inside the reactants, the inert packing module 12 is prone to blockage, thereby reducing the downward flow rate of the reactants. Furthermore, when the inert packing module 12 is partially blocked... Blockage can cause uneven distribution of reactants as they descend to the heat-conducting support, and uneven exothermic reaction as they continue to react with the catalyst module 22. This reduces the efficiency and accuracy of the exothermic reaction. Furthermore, when the internal temperature of the catalyst module 22 is too high, if the controller only supplies low-temperature reactants to the feed pipe 10, the low-temperature reactants will have a long flow time in the feed pipe 10 and side pipe 8, reducing the efficiency of rapid cooling of the catalyst module 22. There is also a possibility of direct explosion inside the shell 1, further reducing the safety and stability of the device.

[0050] To address the aforementioned issues, the enhanced exothermic fixed-bed reactor further includes a thermally conductive support, which consists of a base frame 15. The bottom of the base frame 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the catalyst module 22. The base frame 15 enhances the support stability of the thermally conductive support. Multiple sets of bottom holes 16 are uniformly arranged inside the base frame 15. After cooling down, the reactants inside the thermally conductive support directly reach the catalyst module 22 through the bottom holes 16 for subsequent reactions.

[0051] A central rod 17 is provided at the top of the base frame 15. A top frame 13 is movably connected to the top of the central rod 17. The top of the top frame 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inert packing module 12. Multiple sets of top holes 14 are evenly provided inside the top frame 13. Therefore, the top frame 13, the central rod 17 and the base frame 15 together form a heat-conducting support. The reactants, after being evenly dispersed by the inert packing module 12, reach the end of the central rod 17 along the top holes 14 and undergo their own cooling effect inside the central rod 17. Then, they reach the inside of the catalyst module 22 along the bottom holes 16 and undergo an exothermic reaction with the catalyst.

[0052] Multiple sets of expansion bellows 19 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the intermediate rod 17. Each expansion bellows 19 contains thermally expanding gas. When the temperature around the intermediate rod 17 increases, the volume of the expansion bellows 19 increases accordingly. A wedge-shaped push rod 20 is provided at one end of each expansion bellows 19, and a push block 21 is provided at the other end of each wedge-shaped push rod 20. When the volume of the expansion bellows 19 increases, it drives the wedge-shaped push rod 20 to move away from the intermediate rod 17. The wedge-shaped push rod 20 drives the push block 21 to move synchronously. The sidewalls of the intermediate rod 17 are evenly distributed with... There are multiple sets of connecting springs 26. The other end of the connecting spring 26 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the wedge-shaped push rod 20. The connecting spring 26 is located inside the expansion bellows 19. The setting of the connecting spring 26 further improves the elastic reset performance of the wedge-shaped push rod 20. Multiple sets of sliding grooves are evenly opened on the top of the base frame 15. The bottom of the wedge-shaped push rod 20 is provided with a slider. The slider matches the sliding groove. This setting avoids the wedge-shaped push rod 20 from shifting when the expansion bellows 19 expands, thus further improving the sliding stability of the wedge-shaped push rod 20.

[0053] The top of the wedge-shaped push rod 20 is slidably connected to a wedge-shaped side rod 18. The top of the wedge-shaped side rod 18 is movably connected to the bottom of the top frame 13. When the wedge-shaped push rod 20 moves away from the middle rod 17, the wedge-shaped cooperation between the wedge-shaped push rod 20 and the wedge-shaped side rod 18 causes the wedge-shaped side rod 18 to move downward. The wedge-shaped side rod 18 causes the top frame 13 to tilt downward on that side. Since the wedge-shaped side rod 18 on the other side does not move, the corresponding top frame 13 and the top inert packing module 12 tilt. This tilting further improves the tilting and unblocking effect of the inert packing inside the inert packing module 12, ensuring that the inert packing inside the inert packing module 12 is evenly unblocked and distributed.

[0054] Both the top frame 13 and the inert packing module 12 are provided with elastic connecting sleeves 37 on their outer surfaces. The outer wall of the elastic connecting sleeve 37 is elastically connected to the inner wall of the inner cavity 39. The setting of the elastic connecting sleeve 37 further realizes the elastic tilting and unblocking effect of the top frame 13 and the inert packing module 12 inside the inner cavity 39. Multiple sets of fixing parts 23 are evenly provided on the outer surface of the catalyst module 22, and multiple sets of fixing grooves are evenly opened on the side wall of the inner cavity 39. The fixing parts 23 match the fixing grooves. This setting improves the fixing effect of the catalyst module 22 and avoids the top frame 13 and the inert packing module 12 from affecting the stability of the upper catalyst module 22 when tilted.

[0055] The wedge-shaped push rod 20 has a limiting groove 24 at its top and a limiting block 25 at its bottom. The limiting groove 24 matches the limiting block 25. When the wedge-shaped push rod 20 moves, it will drive the wedge-shaped side rod 18 to move stably at the top of the wedge-shaped push rod 20. The height of the wedge-shaped push rod 20 gradually increases from the end of the intermediate rod 17 to the end of the push block 21. The bottom of the wedge-shaped side rod 18 has a wedge-shaped surface. The top of the wedge-shaped push rod 20 and the bottom of the wedge-shaped side rod 18 slide in a wedge shape. This setting enables the bottom of the wedge-shaped side rod 18 to move downward through the wedge shape cooperation with the top of the wedge-shaped push rod 20 when the wedge-shaped push rod 20 moves away from the intermediate rod 17. The top frame 13 driven by the wedge-shaped side rod 18 tilts downward accordingly.

[0056] The heating chamber 7 has multiple sets of baffles 40 uniformly connected to one side of the inner cavity 39. A blocking rod 27 is slidably connected inside the baffle 40. The end of the push block 21 away from the wedge-shaped push rod 20 passes through the baffle 40 and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blocking rod 27. When the push block 21 moves, it drives the blocking rod 27 to move inside the baffle 40. The side wall of the heating chamber 7 near the inner cavity 39 is provided with an elastic throttling plate 38. The elastic throttling plate 38 is fixedly connected to the end face of the blocking rod 27. When the blocking rod 27 moves, it will drive the elastic throttling plate 38 to undergo elastic deformation inside the heating chamber 7. The elastic throttling plate 38 blocks the inner diameter of the heating chamber 7 at the corresponding position, thereby reducing the flow rate of the heating medium flowing inside the heating chamber 7 at the corresponding position and lowering the heating temperature of the reactants inside the inner cavity 39.

[0057] The side tube 8 is located at the bottom of the heating chamber 7, so the movement of the blocking rod 27 and the elastic throttling plate 38 will not obstruct the side tube 8. The two ends of the elastic throttling plate 38 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the heat inlet 5 and the heat outlet 6, respectively, so the heating medium flows between the elastic throttling plate 38 and the inner wall of the heating chamber 7.

[0058] The outer surface of the blocking rod 27 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the baffle groove 40. The side wall of the baffle groove 40 is provided with a return spring 29. The other end of the return spring 29 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blocking rod 27. The return spring 29 further improves the elastic return performance of the blocking rod 27. The size of the elastic throttling plate 38 matches the size of the heating cavity 7. When the elastic throttling plate 38 undergoes elastic deformation, it can seal and adjust the inner diameter of the heating cavity 7, thereby reducing the heating efficiency of the heating cavity 7 to the corresponding inner cavity 39.

[0059] A top block 28 is provided at the other end of the elastic throttle plate 38 and at the position corresponding to the blocking rod 27. When the elastic throttle plate 38 moves, the top block 28 moves synchronously.

[0060] The feed tube 10 has a fixed plate 33 inside, with multiple sets of connecting holes 34 evenly distributed inside the fixed plate 33. The side wall of the feed tube 10 has a through hole 30, and a movable plate 31 is slidably connected inside the through hole 30. The movable plate 31 can move laterally inside the through hole 30. Multiple sets of mating holes 32 are evenly distributed inside the movable plate 31 and inside the feed tube 10. The mating holes 32 match the connecting holes 34. Initially, the mating holes 32 and connecting holes 34 are in a completely staggered position. Therefore, the feed tube 10... The low-temperature reactants cannot enter the side tube 8. The other end of the moving plate 31 passes through the shell 1 and is connected to the heating chamber 7. When the elastic throttling plate 38 drives the top block 28 to move to the maximum distance and presses against the moving plate 31, the moving plate 31 moves along the through hole 30. The moving plate 31 drives multiple sets of docking holes 32 to move and overlap with the connecting hole 34. The low-temperature reactants inside the feed pipe 10 quickly enter the side tube 8 along the docking holes 32 and the connecting hole 34 and provide rapid and efficient cooling protection for the catalyst module 22.

[0061] The inner wall of the feeding pipe 10 away from the through hole 30 is provided with a side groove 35. The side wall of the side groove 35 is provided with a buffer spring 36. The other end of the buffer spring 36 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving plate 31. The setting of the buffer spring 36 further improves the elastic reset performance of the moving plate 31. The side groove 35 is sealed and slidably connected to the outer surface of the moving plate 31. The side groove 35 is mainly used for the passage of the moving plate 31. The top block 28 matches the end of the moving plate 31 away from the side groove 35. The length of the top block 28 matches the diameter of the docking hole 32 and the connecting hole 34. When the top block 28 moves to the maximum distance, the top block 28 drives the moving plate 31 to move laterally along the through hole 30 by the squeezing contact of the end of the moving plate 31.

[0062] In use, as shown in the first embodiment, the reactants are fed into the inner cavity 39 through the top feed port 2 and into the inert packing module 12 through the side packing module 11. The inert material inside the inert packing module 12 evenly disperses the reactants. After dispersion, the reactants reach the inside of the catalyst module 22 through the heat-conducting support and react exothermically with the catalyst. At the same time, the heating medium is fed into the heating chamber 7 through the heat inlet 5. The heating medium circulates inside the heating chamber 7 and increases the temperature required for the reaction of the catalyst module 22 through heat exchange. After heat exchange, the heating medium is continuously discharged and circulated through the heat outlet 6. After the exothermic reaction is completed, the reactants continue to flow downward and repeat the above process multiple times to complete the required reaction. After the reaction is completed, the reactants are directly discharged through the bottom discharge port 3.

[0063] When the catalyst module 22 undergoes an exothermic reaction with the reactants and its temperature continuously rises above the preset temperature value, the reaction efficiency is slow when the temperature inside the catalyst module 22 is detected and adjusted solely by the thermocouple 9 inside the side tube 8. Therefore, when the reactants reach the end of the heat-conducting support after the exothermic reaction, the temperature inside the heat-conducting support continuously rises. The thermally expanding gas inside the expansion bellows 19 continuously increases in volume due to the principle of thermal expansion and contraction. This causes the expansion bellows 19 to drive the wedge-shaped push rod 20 at its end to stretch and connect the spring 26, causing the wedge-shaped push rod 20 to move continuously. The movement of the pusher 21 causes the blocking rod 27 to move within the baffle groove 40, stretching the return spring 29. When the blocking rod 27 moves, it causes the elastic throttling plate 38 at the end to undergo elastic stretching deformation. The elastic throttling plate 38 moves within the heating chamber 7 and reduces the internal diameter of the heating chamber 7. Consequently, the content of the heating medium flowing within the corresponding heating chamber 7 decreases, the heat exchange efficiency of the heating medium to the inner cavity 39 decreases, and the temperature of the reactants inside the corresponding heat-conducting support decreases. This effectively regulates the temperature of the reactants, ensuring that the reactants can undergo subsequent reactions quickly and efficiently.

[0064] During this process, multiple sets of wedge-shaped push rods 20 move synchronously, and the multiple sets of wedge-shaped push rods 20 and multiple sets of wedge-shaped side rods 18 cooperate synchronously to drive the top frame 13 to move downward in a balanced manner. The top frame 13 drives the inert packing module 12 at the top to move downward evenly, and multiple sets of blocking rods 27 drive the elastic throttling plate 38 to move synchronously. The internal diameter of the heating chamber 7 decreases uniformly, and the flow rate of the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7 decreases accordingly. When the reactants continue to move downward, the internal temperature of the heat-conducting support at this position returns to its initial value, and the volume of the corresponding expansion bellows 19 decreases to its initial value. The wedge-shaped push rods 20 move in the opposite direction and drive the wedge-shaped side rods 18 to return to their initial value. The wedge-shaped side rods 18 drive the inert packing module 12 to move upward and return to its initial value through the top frame 13. The inert packing module 12 then vibrates up and down continuously inside the inner cavity 39, further improving the vibration and unblocking function of the inert material inside the inert packing module 12, and avoiding blockage and accumulation of inert material during long-term use, which reduces the uniform dispersion effect of the reactants.

[0065] When the inert packing module 12 becomes blocked on one side, the reactants reaching the heat-conducting support end along the inert packing module 12 will disperse. The amount of reactants at the bottom of the blocked location decreases, while the amount of reactants at other locations increases. Consequently, the temperature at the other locations rises, and the volume of the expansion bellows 19 increases. The expansion bellows 19 drives the wedge push rod 20 to move away from the middle rod 17. The wedge push rod 20, through its wedge-shaped engagement with the wedge-shaped side rod 18, drives the top frame 13 to move downward. At the bottom of the blocked location, due to the decrease in reactants, the corresponding volume of the expansion bellows 19 decreases, and the expansion bellows 19 drives the wedge push rod 20 closer to the middle rod 17. The wedge-shaped push rod 20 moves, and through the wedge-shaped engagement with the wedge-shaped side rod 18, it causes the top frame 13 and the inert packing module 12 to tilt upwards at that point. The top frame 13 causes the inert packing module 12 to tilt downwards in a non-blocked position. The top frame 13 then causes the top inert packing module 12 to compress the elastic connecting sleeve 37 and tilt downwards from the blocked position to the other end. The tilting of the inert packing module 12 further improves the shaking and unblocking effect on the inert material inside the inert packing module 12, thereby achieving a rapid unblocking effect for the inert packing module 12. The unblocking efficiency is higher, meeting the high efficiency and convenience required for actual production.

[0066] Meanwhile, although the reactants are unevenly distributed inside the heat-conducting support, the amount of reactants is constant. Therefore, the temperature around the heat-conducting support will not change significantly. When the top frame 13 causes the inert packing module 12 at the top to tilt and shake inside the inner cavity 39 by squeezing the elastic connecting sleeve 37, it is only a small-angle, small-range shaking, which will not affect the normal uniform dispersion effect of the inert packing module 12. At the same time, the wedge push rod 20 drives the blocking rod 27 to move a very small distance inside the baffle groove 40 through the push block 21. The blocking rod 27 drives the elastic throttling plate 38 to move a very small distance inside the heating chamber 7. Therefore, the diameter change inside the heating chamber 7 is very small, and the flow rate of the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7 and the heat exchange efficiency inside the inner cavity 39 will not be affected. The entire device continues to work stably and continuously.

[0067] Initially, the moving plate 31 is in its initial position, the docking hole 32 and the connecting hole 34 are misaligned, and the docking hole 32 and the side wall are on the same vertical plane as the side wall of the connecting hole 34. At this time, the blockage of the moving plate 31 prevents the low-temperature reactants inside the feed pipe 10 from flowing downwards into the side pipe 8.

[0068] Simultaneously, when the reactants and catalyst module 22 undergo an exothermic reaction, the temperature continuously rises and reaches the set maximum temperature value. If the reactants are allowed to continue moving downwards to carry out the exothermic reaction, the internal temperature of the inner cavity 39 will further rise and reach the explosion temperature. At this time, the shell 1 will directly explode, resulting in a major safety accident. At this time, since the temperature of the catalyst module 22 reaches the maximum value, the volume of the expansion bellows 19 above reaches the maximum value. The expansion bellows 19 drives the wedge push rod 20 to move away from the middle rod 17 to the maximum value. The wedge push rod 20 drives the blocking rod 27 to move to the maximum distance inside the baffle groove 40 through the push block 21. The blocking rod 27 drives the elastic throttling plate 38 to move along the heating cavity 7 to the maximum distance. The elastic throttling plate 38 blocks the inside of the heating cavity 7, and the heating medium inside the heat inlet 5 cannot enter the inside of the heating cavity 7. The heating medium no longer flows inside the heating cavity 7, and the heat exchange between the heating medium and the inner cavity 39 stops, thereby achieving a rapid cooling effect on the catalyst module 22.

[0069] Simultaneously, the elastic throttling plate 38 drives the top block 28 to move to the maximum distance and presses against the moving plate 31. The moving plate 31 moves inside the through hole 30 and moves along the side groove 35 to press against the buffer spring 36. The moving plate 31 drives multiple sets of docking holes 32 to move synchronously. The overlapping area of ​​the docking hole 32 and the connecting hole 34 continuously increases and reaches the maximum value. The low-temperature reactant pre-stored inside the feed pipe 10 reaches the inside of the side pipe 8 through the docking hole 32 and the connecting hole 34, and directly enters the inside of the catalyst module 22 along the side pipe 8. The low-temperature reactant reacts with the catalyst module 22 and rapidly cools it down. With the cessation of the flow of the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7, the temperature inside the catalyst module 22 drops rapidly, thereby effectively avoiding safety accidents such as excessively high internal temperature of the inner cavity 39 and failure of the shell 1.

[0070] This device not only achieves uniform dispersion of reactants, improving the uniformity and thoroughness of the subsequent exothermic reaction with the catalyst module 22, but also pre-cools the reactants to prevent the temperature from continuously rising and reducing the reaction efficiency due to the continuous exothermic reaction between the reactants and the catalyst module 22. Simultaneously, it adjusts the flow rate of the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7 according to the temperature changes of the reactants, thereby adaptively adjusting the heat exchange efficiency of the heating chamber 7 with the reactants inside the inner cavity 39, ensuring that the temperature of the reactants is always at the initial optimal temperature. Furthermore, when the temperature of the reactants changes, it causes the inert packing module 12 to vibrate up and down inside the inner cavity 39, further improving the vibration and unblocking effect of the inert packing module 12. When the inert packing module 12 is partially blocked, it can be tilted and vibrated to further improve the swinging and unblocking effect. Finally, when the temperature of the reactants inside the catalyst module 22 is too high and there is a risk of explosion, the heating medium inside the heating chamber 7 stops flowing, and in conjunction with the inflow of low-temperature reactants from the feed pipe 10, it further improves the rapid cooling effect of the reactants, ensuring the safety and stability of the device.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0072] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic heating, comprising a shell, wherein a controller is provided on one side of the shell, characterized in that, The inner wall of the shell is uniformly provided with multiple sets of heating chambers, the interior of the shell is provided with an inner cavity, the interior of the inner cavity is uniformly provided with multiple sets of inert packing modules, the bottom of the inert packing module is provided with a thermally conductive support, and the bottom of the thermally conductive support is provided with a catalyst module. The heat-conducting support includes a base frame, a central rod at the top of the base frame, a top frame movably connected to the top of the central rod, multiple sets of expansion bellows evenly distributed on the outer surface of the central rod, a wedge-shaped push rod at the other end of the expansion bellows, a push block at the other end of the wedge-shaped push rod, a wedge-shaped side rod slidably connected to the top of the wedge-shaped push rod, and a movably connected top of the wedge-shaped side rod to the bottom of the top frame. The heating chamber has multiple sets of baffles evenly connected on the side near the inner cavity. A blocking rod is slidably connected inside the baffle. The end of the push block away from the wedge-shaped push rod passes through the baffle and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blocking rod. An elastic throttling plate is provided on the side wall of the heating chamber near the inner cavity. The elastic throttling plate is fixedly connected to the opposite end face of the blocking rod. A top block is provided at the other end of the elastic throttling plate and at the position corresponding to the blocking rod. The outer surface of the shell is uniformly provided with multiple sets of side tubes, the top of the side tubes is connected to a feeding tube, the inside of the feeding tube is provided with a fixing plate, the inside of the fixing plate is uniformly provided with multiple sets of connecting holes, the side wall of the feeding tube is provided with a through hole, the inside of the through hole is slidably connected to a moving plate, the inside of the moving plate is uniformly provided with multiple sets of docking holes. The heating chamber contains a heating medium, and the outer surface of the shell is provided with a heat medium pipe. The heat medium pipe is uniformly connected to multiple sets of heat inlets, which are connected to the inlet end of the corresponding heating chamber. The heat medium pipe is also connected to multiple sets of heat outlets at positions corresponding to the heat inlets, which are connected to the outlet end of the heating chamber. The two ends of the elastic throttling plate are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the heat inlets and heat outlets, respectively. The interior of the expansion bellows contains thermally expanding gas, and the side wall of the intermediate rod is uniformly provided with multiple sets of connecting springs. The other end of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the wedge-shaped push rod, and the connecting spring is located inside the expansion bellows. The top of the base frame is evenly provided with multiple sets of sliding grooves, and the bottom of each wedge-shaped push rod is provided with a slider. The slider matches the sliding groove. The top of the wedge-shaped push rod is provided with a limiting groove, and the bottom of the wedge-shaped side rod is provided with a limiting block. The limiting groove matches the limiting block. The height of the wedge-shaped push rod gradually increases from the middle rod end to the push block end. The bottom of the wedge-shaped side rod is provided with a wedge-shaped surface. The top of the wedge-shaped push rod and the bottom of the wedge-shaped side rod are wedge-shaped sliding fits. The other end of the movable plate passes through the housing and is connected to the heating chamber. The inner wall of the feeding pipe away from the through hole is provided with a side groove. The side wall of the side groove is provided with a buffer spring. The other end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable plate. Multiple sets of docking holes match the connecting holes. The top block matches the end of the movable plate away from the side groove. The length of the top block matches the diameter of the connecting hole and the docking hole. The side groove is in a sealed sliding connection with the outer surface of the movable plate.

2. The fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller electrically controls each electrical component. The top of the housing is connected to a top feed port, and the bottom of the housing is connected to a bottom discharge port. Both the top feed port and the bottom discharge port are connected to the inner cavity. The top and bottom of the inner cavity are provided with side filler modules. The inert filler module contains inert material, and the material inside the side filler module is the same as the material inside the inert filler module.

3. A fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the side tube passes through the housing and is connected to the catalyst module. A thermocouple is installed inside the side tube, and the detection end of the thermocouple matches the inside of the catalyst module. Low-temperature reactants flow inside the feed tube. The side tube is located at the bottom of the heating chamber, and the bottom of the blocking rod and the elastic throttling plate are in a sealed sliding connection with the top of the side tube.

4. A fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the base frame is fixedly connected to the top of the catalyst module, and the top of the top frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inert packing module. The top frame has multiple sets of top holes evenly distributed inside, and the base frame has multiple sets of bottom holes evenly distributed inside.

5. A fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surfaces of the top frame and the inert packing module are provided with elastic connecting sleeves. The outer wall of the elastic connecting sleeve is elastically connected to the inner wall of the inner cavity. The outer surface of the catalyst module is uniformly provided with multiple sets of fixing members. The side wall of the inner cavity is uniformly provided with multiple sets of fixing grooves. The fixing members match the fixing grooves.

6. A fixed-bed reactor for enhanced exothermic reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the blocking rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the blocking groove. The side wall of the blocking groove is provided with a return spring. The other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blocking rod. The size of the elastic throttling plate matches the size of the heating cavity.

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