High-precision automatic indexing milling head

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of CNC equipment technology, specifically disclosing a high-precision automatic indexing milling head. The top of the milling head base supports the drive shaft via a rotating bearing. The milling head body is rotatably positioned below the milling head base via a gear mechanism. An encoder mechanism is located on the milling head base and connected to the indexing mechanism. The spring plate of the indexing mechanism is fixed to the drive shaft, and the connecting seat is fixed to the lower part of the milling head base. The bearing sleeve is rotatably positioned between the connecting seat and the drive shaft, with its lower part fixed to the milling head body. Upper and lower clamping plates are floating above and below the spring plates, with one end having upper and lower clamping plate oil chambers, and their outer surfaces slidingly connected to the inner hole of the bearing sleeve. The gear mechanism is located between the milling head base and the connecting seat and is coaxial with the drive shaft. The absolute encoder of the encoder mechanism is fixed to the upper end of the milling head base, and its rotating shaft is fixed to the pinion, while the large gear is fixed to the bearing sleeve. This invention features that the gear mechanism and the indexing mechanism do not interfere with each other, resulting in high indexing accuracy and simple operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC equipment technology, specifically to a high-precision automatic indexing milling head that features an independent gear mechanism and indexing mechanism, high indexing accuracy, and easy operation. Background Technology

[0002] In the booming development of the manufacturing industry, CNC machine tools, with their high precision and high efficiency, provide strong support for modern industrial processing, and the milling head plays a core role. Milling heads can be divided into automatic milling heads and manual milling heads according to their control methods. Automatic milling heads refer to those where rotational indexing is automatically achieved by the machine tool motor, and the clamping of the milling head to the machine tool is also automatically achieved, thus ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the machining. One of the core components of an automatic milling head is the indexing mechanism. Through the precise control of the indexing mechanism, the accuracy and stability of the milling process can be ensured, thereby avoiding errors or defective products during workpiece processing.

[0003] Currently, the indexing mechanisms of automatic milling heads can be divided into two types based on their driving method: mechanical indexing milling heads and electronic indexing milling heads. Mechanical indexing milling heads use traditional mechanical transmission mechanisms to achieve the indexing action. Due to their simple structure and low cost, they are widely used. In existing technologies, such as... Figure 1The automatic indexing milling head shown has an end gear plate that serves a positioning function, consisting of upper and lower gear plates. The upper gear plate 61 is mounted on the milling head base 1, while the lower gear plate 62 is mounted on the milling head body 3. The indexing mechanism includes an internal gear 63 and an external gear 64. The internal gear 63 is mounted on the milling head body 3, and the external gear 64 is mounted on the drive shaft 2. In normal operation, the upper gear plate 61 and the lower gear plate 62 mesh, while the internal gear 63 and the external gear 64 of the indexing mechanism are separated. During indexing, firstly, the disengagement oil chamber II 65 of the end gear plate is supplied with oil, causing the upper gear plate 61 and the lower gear plate 62, which were originally meshed, to disengage by about 5mm under pressure. At the same time, the internal gear 63 and the external gear 64, which were originally disengaged, mesh with each other. Then, the transmission shaft 2 is rotated, and the external gear 64 drives the internal gear 63 and the milling head body 3 to rotate for indexing. After the rotation reaches the specified angle, the clamping oil chamber II 66 of the end gear plate is supplied with oil. While the upper gear plate 61 and the lower gear plate 62 mesh with each other, the internal gear 63 and the external gear 64 of the indexing mechanism disengage, completing the indexing action. Finally, the parts can be machined. However, the aforementioned automatic mechanical indexing milling head also has the following problems: 1. When disengaging from indexing, the internal and external gears need to mesh. If the clearance between the tooth flanks of the internal and external gears is too small, interference will occur during meshing, preventing the internal and external gears from meshing and also preventing the end gears from disengaging; 2. If the clearance between the tooth flanks of the internal and external gears is too large, it will result in a large clearance in the transmission chain, causing inaccurate indexing angles (e.g., theoretically requiring a 90° rotation, but due to the transmission chain clearance, the actual rotation is 89.5°), and misalignment of the upper and lower gears will cause interference, preventing the upper and lower end gears from meshing; 3. Due to the presence of clearance in the transmission chain direction, the indexing accuracy is significantly affected. To reduce this impact, indexing can only be performed in the forward direction, and reverse rotation indexing is not possible; 4. Due to the special structure of the internal and external gears, the indexing disengagement action can only be achieved at a specific position after indexing (after the first indexing, the part is machined, and during the next indexing, the main spindle needs to return to the angle of the previous indexing before it can perform the relevant indexing operations, and it cannot be indexed at any angle. For example, if the first indexing is rotated 45° forward, during the next indexing, the spindle needs to first perform a zeroing action, and then rotate forward to 45° before it can perform the end gear disengagement action). It cannot be disengaged at any angle, which is inconvenient to operate; 5. When the end gear disengages, the disengagement part includes the connecting seat, the milling head body and the parts installed inside it, which results in a large weight of the disengagement part, making it easy for it to wobble during disengagement, and the wobble has a great impact on the accuracy of the indexing angle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-precision automatic indexing milling head that features an independent gear mechanism and indexing mechanism, high indexing accuracy, and easy operation.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: it includes a milling head base, a drive shaft, a milling head body, an indexing mechanism, a gear plate mechanism, and an encoder mechanism. The drive shaft, which runs through the top and bottom, is rotatably supported by a bearing in the boss at the top of the milling head base. The milling head body is rotatably disposed below the milling head base through the gear plate mechanism. The encoder mechanism is disposed on the milling head base and connected to the indexing mechanism. The indexing mechanism includes a bearing sleeve, a connecting seat, a spring plate, an upper clamping plate, and a lower clamping plate. The spring plate is coaxially fixed on the transmission shaft. The connecting seat is fixedly disposed in the stepped hole I at the lower part of the milling head seat. The bearing sleeve is rotatably disposed between the connecting seat and the transmission shaft and its lower part is fixedly connected to the milling head body. The upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are respectively floatingly disposed above and below the spring plate. The upper end of the upper clamping plate and the lower end of the lower clamping plate are respectively provided with an upper clamping plate oil cavity and a lower clamping plate oil cavity that are connected to the oil supply system. The outer circular surfaces of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate are respectively slidably connected to the inner hole of the bearing sleeve. The gear mechanism is disposed between the milling head seat and the connecting seat and is coaxial with the transmission shaft. The gear mechanism includes a fixed gear, a movable gear, and a positioning gear. The fixed gear is fixedly disposed at the lower end of the connecting seat with its tooth surface facing downward. The movable gear is fixedly connected to the milling head body with its tooth surface facing downward. The positioning gear is floatingly disposed between the fixed gear and the movable gear. The tooth surface of the positioning gear is disposed opposite to the tooth surfaces of the fixed gear and the movable gear. The side of the positioning gear away from the tooth surface is respectively provided with a clamping oil chamber I and a disengaging oil chamber I that are connected to the oil supply system. The encoder mechanism includes an absolute encoder, a large gear, and a small gear. The absolute encoder is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the milling head base, and its rotating shaft extends rotatably into the mounting cavity of the milling head base. The small gear is located in the mounting cavity and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the absolute encoder. The large gear is located in the mounting cavity and is fixedly connected to the bearing sleeve.

[0006] Furthermore, the indexing mechanism also includes an upper clamping plate oil chamber seat, a lower clamping plate oil chamber seat, and a return spring. The upper clamping plate oil chamber seat is fixedly connected to the large gear, and the lower clamping plate oil chamber seat is fixedly connected to the bearing sleeve. The upper and lower clamping plates are annular rings with stepped holes II and the stepped holes are arranged opposite each other. The upper and lower clamping plate oil chamber seats extend between the upper and lower clamping plates and the spring plate and are respectively provided with flanges I. The return springs are respectively abutted between the flanges I of the upper and lower clamping plate oil chamber seats and the end faces of the stepped holes of the corresponding upper and lower clamping plates.

[0007] Furthermore, the flange I of the upper clamping plate oil cavity seat and the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat, respectively, are provided with guide holes for accommodating the return spring on the end face away from the spring plate and the stepped large hole end face of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate facing the spring plate; the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat includes a fixed cylinder seat and an upper flange, the fixed cylinder seat is a tubular structure with a lower flange on the bottom outer diameter, the fixed cylinder seat is fixedly connected to the bearing sleeve through the lower flange, the upper flange is detachably fixed parallel to one end away from the lower flange and located between the lower clamping plate and the spring plate, the guide hole for accommodating the return spring of the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat is provided on the end face of the upper flange facing the lower flange; the upper clamping plate oil cavity is located between the large gear and the upper clamping plate, and the lower clamping plate oil cavity is located between the lower clamping plate and the lower flange of the fixed cylinder seat.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a guiding mechanism, which includes a guide rod and a guide sleeve. The milling head seat is provided with a through hole above the gear plate mechanism that connects to the disengagement oil chamber I. The guide sleeve is fixedly installed in the through hole. The guide rod slides through the inner hole of the guide sleeve and its lower end is fixedly connected to the positioning gear plate.

[0009] The guiding mechanism also includes a detection block, a detection switch support, a gear plate clamping detection switch, and a gear plate disengagement detection switch. The detection block is coaxially fixedly mounted on the top of the guide rod. The detection switch support is vertically fixedly mounted on one side of the detection block. The gear plate clamping detection switch and the gear plate disengagement detection switch are fixedly mounted at intervals on the upper and lower parts of the detection switch support and are electrically connected to the milling head control mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, a groove is coaxially provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the drive shaft, and a fixing key is coaxially embedded in the groove of the drive shaft, and the spring sheet is fixedly connected to the fixing key.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the upper and lower clamping plates are respectively provided with external gears, and the inner hole of the bearing sleeve is correspondingly provided with an internal gear, and the external gears of the upper and lower clamping plates mesh with the internal gear of the bearing sleeve; or the outer surfaces of the upper and lower clamping plates are respectively provided with axial keyways I, and the inner hole of the bearing sleeve is correspondingly provided with axial keyways II, and a connecting key is slidably provided in the axial keyways I of the upper and lower clamping plates and the axial keyways II of the bearing sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, a driving spiral bevel gear connected to the drive shaft via a spline is provided below the indexing mechanism, and a driven spiral bevel gear connected to the milling head spindle via a spline is meshed below the driving spiral bevel gear. The driving spiral bevel gear is also rotatably connected to the bearing sleeve via bearing I and pressure cap I.

[0013] Furthermore, the fixed gear disc is coaxially disposed inside the movable gear disc and the tooth surfaces are on the same plane. The positioning gear disc includes an upper gear disc push rod and a lower positioning gear disc body. The gear disc push rod is floatingly disposed between the connecting seat and the milling head seat and has a push rod head at the top. The disengagement oil chamber I is disposed between the top of the push rod head and the bottom surface of the stepped hole I of the milling head seat. The clamping oil chamber I is disposed between the bottom end of the push rod head and the outer boss end face of the connecting seat. The positioning gear disc body is vertically fixed to the bottom end of the push rod head.

[0014] Furthermore, the movable gear disc has a disc structure and an outer flange is provided on the upper outer circular surface. The tooth surface of the movable gear disc is located at the bottom end and the outer flange is fixedly connected to the milling head body.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The present invention achieves its goal through the ingenious design and mutual cooperation of the indexing mechanism and the gear plate mechanism. The gear plate mechanism and the indexing mechanism can operate independently without affecting each other, and the inner and outer gears can disengage at any angle after indexing.

[0016] 2. This invention uses an encoder mechanism and an indexing mechanism to accurately detect the indexing. Therefore, the accuracy of the indexing is not affected by gear backlash and cumulative errors in the transmission chain. This avoids the problem of gear backlash being too small, causing mutual interference and preventing disengagement and meshing. It also reduces or even avoids inaccurate indexing angles caused by cumulative errors in the transmission chain. Furthermore, indexing can be performed at any angle, and forward and reverse rotation indexing can be achieved, making operation more convenient and reliable.

[0017] 3. Through the ingenious design of the gear disc mechanism structure, the present invention makes the detached part of the gear disc only the positioning gear disc. Therefore, the weight of the detached part is significantly reduced compared with the prior art, which includes the connecting seat, milling head body and the components installed inside it. Moreover, there is a guiding mechanism to guide and position during detachment, which can solve the problem of wobble during detachment. This can reduce or even avoid the adverse effect of wobble on the indexing angle during detachment and improve the accuracy of indexing.

[0018] In summary, the present invention features that the gear mechanism and the indexing mechanism do not interfere with each other, the indexing accuracy is high, and the operation is simple. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing automatic indexing milling head structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the indexing mechanism and encoder mechanism; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the gear mechanism and guide mechanism; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing sleeve of the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Milling head holder, 101-Boss, 102-Mounting cavity, 2-Drive shaft, 3-Milling head body, 4-Bearing sleeve, 5-Connecting seat, 6-Spring plate, 7-Upper clamping plate, 8-Lower clamping plate, 9-Upper clamping plate oil cavity, 11-Lower clamping plate oil cavity, 12-Upper clamping plate oil cavity seat, 13-Lower clamping plate oil cavity seat, 131-Fixed cylinder seat, 132-Upper flange, 14-Return spring, 15-Fixed key, 21-Fixed gear plate, 22-Moving gear plate, 23-Positioning gear plate, 231-Gear plate push rod, 232-Positioning gear plate body, 233-Push rod head. 24-Clamping oil chamber I, 25-Disengagement oil chamber I, 31-Guide rod, 32-Guide bushing, 33-Detection block, 34-Detection switch support, 35-Gear disc clamping detection switch, 36-Gear disc disengagement detection switch, 41-Absolute encoder, 42-Large gear, 43-Small gear, 44-Convex ring, 51-Milling head spindle, 52-Driving arc bevel gear, 53-Driven arc bevel gear, 54-Bearing I, 55-Gland cover I, 61-Upper gear disc, 62-Lower gear disc, 63-Internal gear, 64-External gear, 65-Disengagement oil chamber II, 66-Clamping oil chamber II. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention includes a milling head base 1, a transmission shaft 2, a milling head body 3, an indexing mechanism, a gear plate mechanism, and an encoder mechanism. The transmission shaft 2, which runs through the top and bottom, is rotatably supported by a bearing in the boss 101 at the top of the milling head base 1. The milling head body 3 is rotatably disposed below the milling head base 1 through the gear plate mechanism. The encoder mechanism is disposed on the milling head base 1 and connected to the indexing mechanism. The indexing mechanism includes a bearing sleeve 4, a connecting seat 5, a spring plate 6, an upper clamping plate 7, and a lower clamping plate 8. The spring plate 6 is coaxially fixed on the transmission shaft 2. The connecting seat 5 is fixedly disposed in the stepped hole I at the lower part of the milling head seat 1. The bearing sleeve 4 is rotatably disposed between the connecting seat 5 and the transmission shaft 2 and its lower part is fixedly connected to the milling head body 3. The upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 are respectively floatingly disposed above and below the spring plate 6. The upper end of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower end of the lower clamping plate 8 are respectively provided with an upper clamping plate oil cavity 9 and a lower clamping plate oil cavity 11 that are connected to the oil supply system. The outer circular surfaces of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 are respectively slidably connected to the inner hole of the bearing sleeve 4. The gear mechanism is disposed between the milling head seat 1 and the connecting seat 5 and is coaxial with the transmission shaft 2. The gear mechanism includes a fixed gear 21, a movable gear 22, and a positioning gear 23. The fixed gear 21 is fixedly disposed at the lower end of the connecting seat 5 with its tooth surface facing downward. The movable gear 22 is fixedly connected to the milling head body 3 with its tooth surface facing downward. The positioning gear 23 is floatingly disposed between the fixed gear 21 and the movable gear 22. The tooth surface of the positioning gear 23 is disposed opposite to the tooth surface of the fixed gear 21 and the movable gear 22. The side of the positioning gear 23 away from the tooth surface is respectively provided with a clamping oil chamber I 24 and a disengaging oil chamber I 25 that are connected to the oil supply system. The encoder mechanism includes an absolute encoder 41, a large gear 42, and a small gear 43. The absolute encoder 41 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the milling head seat 1 and its rotating shaft extends rotatably into the mounting cavity 102 of the milling head seat 1. The small gear 43 is located in the mounting cavity 102 and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the absolute encoder 41. The large gear 42 is located in the mounting cavity 102 and is fixedly connected to the bearing sleeve 4.

[0022] The indexing mechanism further includes an upper clamping plate oil chamber seat 12, a lower clamping plate oil chamber seat 13, and a return spring 14. The upper clamping plate oil chamber seat 12 is fixedly connected to the large gear 42, and the lower clamping plate oil chamber seat 13 is fixedly connected to the bearing sleeve 4. The upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 are annular rings with stepped holes II and the stepped holes are arranged opposite to each other. The upper clamping plate oil chamber seat 12 and the lower clamping plate oil chamber seat 13 extend between the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 and the spring plate 6, and are respectively provided with flanges I. The return spring 14 is respectively abutted between the flanges I of the upper clamping plate oil chamber seat 12 and the lower clamping plate oil chamber seat 13 and the end faces of the stepped holes of the corresponding upper clamping plates 7 and lower clamping plates 8.

[0023] The flange I of the upper clamping plate oil cavity seat 12 and the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat 13, away from the spring plate 6, and the stepped large hole end faces of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 facing the spring plate 6, are respectively provided with guide holes for accommodating the return spring 14; the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat 13 includes a fixed cylinder seat 131 and an upper flange 132. The fixed cylinder seat 131 is a tubular structure with a lower flange on its bottom outer diameter. The fixed cylinder seat 131 is connected to the bearing through the lower flange. The upper flange 132 is detachably and parallelly fixed at the end away from the lower flange and located between the lower clamping plate 8 and the spring plate 6. The guide hole for accommodating the return spring 14 of the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat 13 is located on the end face of the upper flange 132 facing the lower flange. The upper clamping plate oil cavity 9 is located between the large gear 42 and the upper clamping plate 7. The lower clamping plate oil cavity 11 is located between the lower clamping plate 8 and the lower flange of the fixed cylinder seat 131.

[0024] Sealing rings I are respectively fitted on the outer circular surfaces of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8. A convex ring 44 extending downward to the inner hole of the bearing sleeve 4 and the outer circle of the upper clamping plate 7 is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the large gear 42. The sealing ring I fitted on the outer circular surface of the upper clamping plate 7 slides in contact with the inner hole of the convex ring 44. The sealing ring I fitted on the inner hole of the upper clamping plate 7 slides in contact with the outer circular surface of the upper clamping plate oil cavity seat 12. The sealing ring I fitted on the outer circular surface of the lower clamping plate 8 slides in contact with the inner hole of the bearing sleeve 4. The sealing ring I fitted on the inner hole of the lower clamping plate 8 slides in contact with the outer circular surface of the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat 13.

[0025] The present invention also includes a guiding mechanism, which includes a guide rod 31 and a guide sleeve 32. The milling head seat 1 is provided with a through hole above the gear plate mechanism that connects to the disengagement oil chamber I 25. The guide sleeve 32 is fixedly disposed in the through hole. The guide rod 31 slides through the inner hole of the guide sleeve 32 and its lower end is fixedly connected to the positioning gear plate 23.

[0026] The guiding mechanism also includes a detection block 33, a detection switch support 34, a gear plate clamping detection switch 35, and a gear plate disengagement detection switch 36. The detection block 33 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the top of the guide rod 31. The detection switch support 34 is vertically fixedly mounted on one side of the detection block 33. The gear plate clamping detection switch 35 and the gear plate disengagement detection switch 36 are fixedly mounted at intervals on the upper and lower parts of the detection switch support 34 and are electrically connected to the milling head control mechanism.

[0027] A slot is coaxially provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the drive shaft 2, and a fixing key 15 is coaxially embedded in the slot of the drive shaft 2. The spring plate 6 is fixedly connected to the fixing key 15.

[0028] The outer surfaces of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 are respectively provided with external gears, and the inner hole of the bearing sleeve 4 is correspondingly provided with an internal gear. The external gears of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 mesh with the internal gear of the bearing sleeve 4; or the outer surfaces of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 are respectively provided with axial keyways I, and the inner hole of the bearing sleeve 4 is correspondingly provided with axial keyways II. A connecting key is slidably provided in the axial keyways I of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 and the axial keyways II of the bearing sleeve 4.

[0029] Below the indexing mechanism is a driving spiral bevel gear 52 that is splinedly connected to the drive shaft 2. Below the driving spiral bevel gear 52 is a driven spiral bevel gear 53 that is splinedly connected to the milling head spindle 51. The driving spiral bevel gear 52 is also rotatably connected to the bearing sleeve 4 through bearing I 54 and pressure cover I 55.

[0030] The fixed gear disk 21 is coaxially arranged inside the movable gear disk 22 and the tooth surfaces are on the same plane. The positioning gear disk 23 includes an upper gear disk push rod 231 and a lower positioning gear disk body 232. The gear disk push rod 231 is floatingly arranged between the connecting seat 5 and the milling head seat 1 and has a push rod head 233 on the top. The disengagement oil chamber I 25 is arranged between the top of the push rod head 233 and the bottom surface of the stepped hole I of the milling head seat 1. The clamping oil chamber I 24 is arranged between the bottom end of the push rod head 233 and the outer boss end face of the connecting seat 5. The positioning gear disk body 232 is vertically fixed to the bottom end of the push rod head 233.

[0031] The movable gear disk 22 has a disc structure and an outer flange is provided on the upper outer circular surface. The tooth surface of the movable gear disk 22 is located at the bottom end and the outer flange is fixedly connected to the milling head body 3.

[0032] The inner and outer walls of the push rod head 233 are respectively fitted with sealing rings II that slide in contact with the outer circular surface of the connecting seat 5 and the inner wall of the stepped hole I of the milling head seat 1.

[0033] The working principle and process of this invention (e.g.) Figures 1 to 6 (as shown) 1. Oil is simultaneously supplied to the upper clamping plate oil chamber 9 and the lower clamping plate oil chamber 11, and the pressure pushes the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 to move and clamp the spring plate 6.

[0034] 2. At the same time, oil is introduced into the oil chamber I25, and the pressure pushes the positioning gear plate 23 down to disengage from the fixed gear plate 21 and the moving gear plate 22 at the same time (disengagement gap is about 5mm).

[0035] 3. The power-driven rotary transmission shaft 2 drives the spring plate 6, upper clamping plate 7, lower clamping plate 8, bearing sleeve 4, and milling head body 3 to rotate together, achieving indexing (e.g., Figure 6As shown, during installation, the external gears of the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 are constantly meshed with the internal gear of the bearing sleeve 4. The upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 can slide up and down under the action of hydraulic oil and return spring 14. When the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 clamp the spring plate 6, the transmission shaft 2 is rotated. The transmission shaft 2 drives the spring plate 6 to rotate, and the spring plate 6 drives the upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 to rotate. The upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 drive the internal gear of the bearing sleeve 4 to rotate through the external gear. Since the bearing sleeve 4 is installed on the milling head body 3, it drives the milling head body 3 to rotate, thus completing the indexing rotation action.

[0036] 4. The rotation of the bearing sleeve 4 feeds back the actual angle of the indexing to the absolute encoder 41 through the large gear 42, and detects the final angle of the indexing in real time.

[0037] 5. When the indexing reaches the specified angle, disengage the oil chamber I25 to allow oil to flow in, causing the positioning gear plate 23 to rise and mesh with the fixed gear plate 21 and the moving gear plate 22 simultaneously, thus achieving positioning.

[0038] 6. Subsequently, the upper clamping plate oil chamber 9 and the lower clamping plate oil chamber 11 in the indexing mechanism are simultaneously unloaded. The upper clamping plate 7 and the lower clamping plate 8 are separated from the spring plate 6 by the action of the return spring 14, and the indexing action is completed.

[0039] 7. The parts are processed by rotating the transmission shaft 2 through power drive.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-precision automatic indexing cutter head, characterized by The milling head includes a milling head base (1), a drive shaft (2), a milling head body (3), an indexing mechanism, a gear plate mechanism, and an encoder mechanism. The drive shaft (2) is rotatably supported by a bearing in the boss (101) at the top of the milling head base (1). The milling head body (3) is rotatably disposed below the milling head base (1) through the gear plate mechanism. The encoder mechanism is disposed on the milling head base (1) and connected to the indexing mechanism. The indexing mechanism includes a bearing sleeve (4), a connecting seat (5), a spring plate (6), an upper clamping plate (7), and a lower clamping plate (8). The spring plate (6) is coaxially fixed on the transmission shaft (2). The connecting seat (5) is fixedly installed in the stepped hole I at the lower part of the milling head seat (1). The bearing sleeve (4) is rotatably installed between the connecting seat (5) and the transmission shaft (2) and its lower part is fixedly connected to the milling head body (3). The upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) are respectively floating above and below the spring plate (6). The upper end of the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower end of the lower clamping plate (8) are respectively provided with an upper clamping plate oil cavity (9) and a lower clamping plate oil cavity (11) connected to the oil supply system. The outer circular surfaces of the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) are respectively slidably connected to the inner hole of the bearing sleeve (4). The gear mechanism is located between the milling head seat (1) and the connecting seat (5) and is coaxial with the transmission shaft (2). The gear mechanism includes a fixed gear plate (21), a movable gear plate (22), and a positioning gear plate (23). The fixed gear plate (21) is fixedly located at the lower end of the connecting seat (5) with its tooth surface facing downwards. The movable gear plate (22) is fixedly connected to the milling head body (3) with its tooth surface facing downwards. The positioning gear plate (23) is floatingly located between the fixed gear plate (21) and the movable gear plate (22). The tooth surface of the positioning gear plate (23) is located opposite to the tooth surface of the fixed gear plate (21) and the movable gear plate (22). The side of the positioning gear plate (23) away from the tooth surface is respectively provided with a clamping oil chamber I (24) and a disengaging oil chamber I (25) connected to the oil supply system. The encoder mechanism includes an absolute encoder (41), a large gear (42), and a small gear (43). The absolute encoder (41) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the milling head seat (1) and its rotating shaft extends rotatably into the mounting cavity (102) of the milling head seat (1). The small gear (43) is located in the mounting cavity (102) and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the absolute encoder (41). The large gear (42) is located in the mounting cavity (102) and is fixedly connected to the bearing sleeve (4).

2. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 1, characterized in that... The indexing mechanism also includes an upper clamping plate oil cavity seat (12), a lower clamping plate oil cavity seat (13), and a return spring (14). The upper clamping plate oil cavity seat (12) is fixedly connected to the large gear (42), and the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat (13) is fixedly connected to the bearing sleeve (4). The upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) are annular rings with stepped holes II and the stepped large holes are arranged opposite to each other. The upper clamping plate oil cavity seat (12) and the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat (13) extend to the space between the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) and the spring plate (6) and are respectively provided with flanges I. The return spring (14) is respectively abutted between the flanges I of the upper clamping plate oil cavity seat (12) and the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat (13) and the stepped large hole end face of the corresponding upper clamping plate (7) and lower clamping plate (8).

3. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 2, characterized in that... The flange I of the upper clamping plate oil cavity seat (12) and the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat (13) away from the spring plate (6) and the stepped large hole end face of the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) facing the spring plate (6) are respectively provided with guide holes for accommodating the reset spring (14); the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat (13) includes a fixed cylinder seat (131) and an upper flange (132). The fixed cylinder seat (131) is a tubular structure with a lower flange on the bottom outer diameter. The fixed cylinder seat (131) is connected to the bearing sleeve through the lower flange. (4) Fixed connection, the upper flange (132) is detachably and parallelly fixed at one end away from the lower flange and located between the lower clamping plate (8) and the spring plate (6), the guide hole of the lower clamping plate oil cavity seat (13) for accommodating the reset spring (14) is located on the end face of the upper flange (132) facing the lower flange; the upper clamping plate oil cavity (9) is located between the large gear (42) and the upper clamping plate (7), and the lower clamping plate oil cavity (11) is located between the lower clamping plate (8) and the lower flange of the fixed cylinder seat (131).

4. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 2, characterized in that... The outer cylindrical surface of the drive shaft (2) is provided with a slot, and a fixed key (15) is coaxially embedded in the slot of the drive shaft (2). The spring sheet (6) is fixedly connected to the fixed key (15).

5. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 2, characterized in that... It also includes a guide mechanism, which includes a guide rod (31) and a guide sleeve (32). The milling head seat (1) has a through hole above the gear plate mechanism that connects to the disengagement oil chamber I (25). The guide sleeve (32) is fixedly installed in the through hole. The guide rod (31) slides through the inner hole of the guide sleeve (32) and its lower end is fixedly connected to the positioning gear plate (23).

6. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 5, characterized in that... The guiding mechanism also includes a detection block (33), a detection switch support (34), a gear plate clamping detection switch (35), and a gear plate disengagement detection switch (36). The detection block (33) is coaxially fixedly mounted on the top of the guide rod (31). The detection switch support (34) is vertically fixedly mounted on one side of the detection block (33). The gear plate clamping detection switch (35) and the gear plate disengagement detection switch (36) are fixedly mounted at intervals on the upper and lower parts of the detection switch support (34) and are electrically connected to the milling head control mechanism.

7. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that... The outer surfaces of the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) are respectively provided with external gears, and the inner hole of the bearing sleeve (4) is correspondingly provided with an internal gear. The external gears of the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) mesh with the internal gear of the bearing sleeve (4); or the outer surfaces of the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) are respectively provided with axial keyways I, and the inner hole of the bearing sleeve (4) is correspondingly provided with axial keyways II. The axial keyways I of the upper clamping plate (7) and the lower clamping plate (8) and the axial keyways II of the bearing sleeve (4) are slidably provided with connecting keys.

8. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 7, characterized in that... Below the indexing mechanism is a drive spiral bevel gear (52) splinedly connected to the drive shaft (2). Below the drive spiral bevel gear (52) is a driven spiral bevel gear (53) splinedly connected to the milling head spindle (51). The drive spiral bevel gear (52) is also rotatably connected to the bearing sleeve (4) via bearing I (54) and pressure cap I (55).

9. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 7, characterized in that... The fixed gear plate (21) is coaxially arranged inside the moving gear plate (22) and the tooth surfaces are on the same plane. The positioning gear plate (23) includes an upper gear plate push rod (231) and a lower positioning gear plate body (232). The gear plate push rod (231) is floatingly arranged between the connecting seat (5) and the milling head seat (1) and a push rod head (233) is provided on the top. The disengagement oil chamber I (25) is arranged between the top of the push rod head (233) and the bottom surface of the stepped hole I of the milling head seat (1). The clamping oil chamber I (24) is arranged between the bottom end of the push rod head (233) and the outer boss end face of the connecting seat (5). The positioning gear plate body (232) is vertically fixed to the bottom end of the push rod head (233).

10. The high-precision automatic indexing milling head according to claim 9, characterized in that... The moving gear disk (22) has a disc structure and an outer flange is provided on the upper outer circular surface. The tooth surface of the moving gear disk (22) is located at the bottom end and the outer flange is fixedly connected to the milling head body (3).

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