Thermal management system and heavy duty truck

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of thermal management system and heavy truck, including first thermal management flow path, second thermal management flow path, third thermal management flow path and fourth thermal management flow path.The thermal management system can realize energy mutual transmission, utilization, reduce whole vehicle low temperature energy consumption, solve the problem that whole vehicle low temperature endurance mileage is low, battery low temperature refrigeration failure and high temperature simultaneously open air conditioner refrigeration effect is poor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a thermal management system and a heavy-duty truck. Background Technology

[0002] Among related technologies, pure electric heavy-duty trucks have many problems. In low temperatures, pure electric heavy-duty trucks experience significant energy loss in passenger compartment heating and battery cooling, resulting in a severe reduction in driving range. Furthermore, when the ambient temperature is below -15°C, the thermal management system may experience abnormal starting of the electric compressor, leading to a high-temperature alarm on the battery and power limitation of the drive motor. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one objective of the present invention is to provide a thermal management system that enables energy transfer and utilization, reduces vehicle energy consumption at low temperatures, and solves the problems of low driving range at low temperatures and battery cooling failure at low temperatures.

[0004] The second objective of this invention is to provide a heavy-duty truck.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a thermal management system for heavy-duty trucks. The thermal management system includes: a first thermal management flow path, comprising a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an evaporator, and a gas-liquid separator; wherein the exhaust port of the compressor is connected to one end of the outdoor heat exchanger via a first shut-off valve; a first one-way valve, a second shut-off valve, and a thermal expansion valve are sequentially arranged between the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger and one end of the evaporator; a control valve is arranged between the other end of the evaporator and the suction port of the compressor; the first one-way valve is used to unidirectionally transfer refrigerant to the evaporator; and a second thermal management flow path, comprising a water chiller, a power battery, and... The system comprises a first heater, a first electronic water pump, a water-to-water heat exchanger, and a four-way valve. The first port of the water chiller is connected between the fourth shut-off valve and the gas-liquid separator. The second port of the water chiller is connected between the first one-way valve and the second shut-off valve via a first electronic expansion valve. The third port of the water chiller is connected to one end of the power battery. The fourth port of the water chiller is connected to the first end of the water-to-water heat exchanger. The second end of the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to the first port of the four-way valve. The second port of the four-way valve is connected to one end of the first electronic water pump. The first heater is connected between the other end of the power battery and the other end of the first electronic water pump. A third thermal management flow path is included. The system includes a second electronic water pump, a motor, a first three-way valve, a radiator, and a first expansion tank. The first port of the first three-way valve is connected to one end of the motor, the second port of the first three-way valve is connected to one end of the radiator, the other end of the radiator is connected to the third port of the four-way valve, the inlet of the first expansion tank is connected to the fourth port of the four-way valve, the outlet of the first expansion tank is connected to one end of the second electronic water pump, and the other end of the second electronic water pump is connected to the other end of the motor. A fourth thermal management flow path includes a water-cooled condenser, a second three-way valve, a second heater, a warm air core, a second expansion tank, and a third electronic water pump. The first port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the first... The three-stop valve is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor. The second port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger through the third one-way valve and the second electronic expansion valve. The third port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to one end of the third electronic water pump. The first valve port of the second three-way valve is connected to the fourth port of the water-cooled condenser. The second valve port of the second three-way valve is connected to one end of the second heater. One end of the warm air core is connected to the other end of the second heater. The other end of the warm air core is connected to the inlet of the second expansion tank. The outlet of the second expansion tank is connected to the other end of the third electronic water pump. The third one-way valve is used to transfer refrigerant to the outdoor heat exchanger in one direction.In this configuration, one end of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator via a fourth shut-off valve; the third port of the first three-way valve is connected to the third port of the four-way valve; the third end of the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the second expansion tank; the fourth end of the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve; and the end of the second shut-off valve connected to the first one-way valve is connected to the end of the second electronic expansion valve connected to the third one-way valve.

[0006] According to the thermal management system of the present invention, by coupling the first thermal management flow path, the second thermal management flow path, the third thermal management flow path and the fourth thermal management flow path, energy can be transferred and utilized to each other, reduce the low-temperature energy consumption of the whole vehicle, and solve the problems of low-temperature driving range of the whole vehicle and low-temperature cooling failure of the battery.

[0007] In some embodiments, in the occupant cabin cooling mode, the first shut-off valve, the second shut-off valve, and the thermostatic expansion valve are connected, and the refrigerant flows through the compressor exhaust port, the first shut-off valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first check valve, the second shut-off valve, the thermostatic expansion valve, the evaporator, the control valve, and the compressor suction port.

[0008] In some embodiments, in the power battery cooling mode, the first heater is in a closed state, the second shut-off valve is connected to the first electronic expansion valve, and the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve. The refrigerant flows through the compressor's exhaust port, the first shut-off valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first check valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the water chiller, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor's suction port. The coolant in the second thermal management flow path flows through the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump; or, in In the power battery cooling mode, the first heater is in the off state, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve, the third valve port of the first three-way valve is closed, the second valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump, the motor, the first three-way valve, the radiator, the four-way valve, the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, the first expansion tank, and the second electronic water pump.

[0009] In some embodiments, in motor cooling mode, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve, the third valve port of the first three-way valve is closed, the third valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump, the motor, the first three-way valve, the radiator, the four-way valve, the first expansion tank, and the second electronic water pump.

[0010] In some embodiments, in the crew cabin heating mode, the second heater is in the off state, the third shut-off valve, the fourth shut-off valve, and the second electronic expansion valve are open, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is open with the second valve port of the second three-way valve, and the refrigerant flows through the compressor exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, the third one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the fourth shut-off valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor suction port. The coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the second heater, the heater core, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump. Alternatively, in the crew cabin heating mode, the second heater is in the on state, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is open with the second valve port of the second three-way valve, and the coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the second heater, the heater core, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump.

[0011] In some embodiments, in the crew cabin heating mode, the third shut-off valve is connected to the first electronic expansion valve, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the second three-way valve, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve, the second valve port of the first three-way valve is shut off, the third valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and both the first heater and the second heater are in a closed state; the refrigerant flows through the compressor's exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, and the third one-way valve. The components are: valve, first electronic expansion valve, water chiller, gas-liquid separator, and compressor suction port. The coolant flow direction in the fourth thermal management path is: third electronic water pump, water-cooled condenser, second three-way valve, second heater, heater core, second expansion tank, and third electronic water pump. The coolant flow direction in the third thermal management path is: second electronic water pump, motor, first three-way valve, four-way valve, first electronic water pump, first heater, power battery, water chiller, water-to-water heat exchanger, four-way valve, first expansion tank, and second electronic water pump.

[0012] In some embodiments, in the crew cabin heating mode, the third shut-off valve is connected to the first electronic expansion valve, the first port of the second three-way valve is connected to the second port of the second three-way valve, the first port of the four-way valve is connected to the second port of the four-way valve, and both the first heater and the second heater are in a closed state; the refrigerant flows through the compressor exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, the third one-way valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the water chiller, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor suction port; the coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the second heater, the heater core, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump; the coolant in the second thermal management flow path flows through the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the power battery heating mode, the third shut-off valve, the second electronic expansion valve, and the fourth shut-off valve are open; the first valve port of the four-way valve is open to the second valve port of the four-way valve; the first valve port of the second three-way valve is open to the third valve port of the second three-way valve; and the first heater is in a closed state. The refrigerant flows through the compressor exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, the third check valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the fourth shut-off valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor suction port. The coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump. The coolant in the second thermal management flow path flows through the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump.

[0014] In some embodiments, in the power battery heating mode, the first heater is in the on state, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the second thermal management flow path is the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump; or, in the power battery heating mode, the first heater is in the off state, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve, the second valve port of the first three-way valve is closed, the second valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump, the motor, the first three-way valve, the four-way valve, the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, the first expansion tank, and the second electronic water pump.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a heavy-duty truck including the thermal management system described above.

[0016] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the heavy-duty truck can realize the mutual transfer and utilization of energy through the above-mentioned thermal management system, reduce the low-temperature energy consumption of the whole vehicle, and solve the problems of low-temperature driving range of the whole vehicle and low-temperature cooling failure of the battery.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure label:

[0021] Thermal Management System 100;

[0022] Compressor 1; Outdoor heat exchanger 2; Evaporator 3; Gas-liquid separator 4; First shut-off valve 5; First check valve 6; Second shut-off valve 7; Thermal expansion valve 8; Control valve 9; Water chiller 10; Power battery 11; First heater 12; First electronic water pump 13; Water-to-water heat exchanger 14; Four-way valve 15; First electronic expansion valve 16; Second electronic water pump 17; Motor 18; First three-way valve 19; Radiator 20; First expansion tank 21; Water-cooled condenser 22; Second three-way valve 23; Second heater 24; Warm air core 25; Second expansion tank 26; Third electronic water pump 27; Third shut-off valve 28; Third check valve 29; Second electronic expansion valve 30; Fourth shut-off valve 31. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0024] To address the aforementioned problems, the first aspect of this invention provides a thermal management system that enables energy transfer and utilization, reduces vehicle energy consumption at low temperatures, and solves the problems of low vehicle range at low temperatures and battery cooling failure at low temperatures.

[0025] The following is for reference. Figure 1 The thermal management system 100 described in this embodiment of the invention includes a first thermal management flow path, a second thermal management flow path, a third thermal management flow path, and a fourth thermal management flow path.

[0026] The first thermal management flow path includes a compressor 1, an outdoor heat exchanger 2, an evaporator 3, and a gas-liquid separator 4. The discharge port of the compressor 1 is connected to one end of the outdoor heat exchanger 2 via a first shut-off valve 5. A first one-way valve 6, a second shut-off valve 7, and a thermostatic expansion valve 8 are sequentially arranged between the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and one end of the evaporator 3. A control valve 9 is arranged between the other end of the evaporator 3 and the suction port of the compressor 1. The first one-way valve 6 is used to unidirectionally transfer refrigerant to the evaporator 3. The control valve 9 can be a shut-off valve.

[0027] The second thermal management flow path includes a water chiller 10, a power battery 11, a first heater 12, a first electronic water pump 13, a water-to-water heat exchanger 14, and a four-way valve 15. The first port of the water chiller 10 is connected between the fourth shut-off valve 31 and the gas-liquid separator 4. The second port of the water chiller 10 is connected between the first check valve 6 and the second shut-off valve 7 through the first electronic expansion valve 16. The third port of the water chiller 10 is connected to one end of the power battery 11. The fourth port of the water chiller 10 is connected to the first end of the water-to-water heat exchanger 14. The second end of the water-to-water heat exchanger 14 is connected to the first valve port of the four-way valve 15. The second valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to one end of the first electronic water pump 13. The first heater 12 is connected between the other end of the power battery 11 and the other end of the first electronic water pump 13.

[0028] The third thermal management flow path includes a second electronic water pump 17, a motor 18, a first three-way valve 19, a radiator 20, and a first expansion tank 21. The first valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to one end of the motor 18, the second valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to one end of the radiator 20, the other end of the radiator 20 is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve 15, the inlet of the first expansion tank 21 is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve 15, the outlet of the first expansion tank 21 is connected to one end of the second electronic water pump 17, and the other end of the second electronic water pump 17 is connected to the other end of the motor 18.

[0029] The fourth thermal management flow path includes a water-cooled condenser 22, a second three-way valve 23, a second heater 24, a warm air core 25, a second expansion tank 26, and a third electronic water pump 27. The first port of the water-cooled condenser 22 is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor 1 through a third shut-off valve 28. The second port of the water-cooled condenser 22 is connected to the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger 2 through a third one-way valve 29 and a second electronic expansion valve 30. The third port of the water-cooled condenser 22 is connected to one end of the third electronic water pump 27. The first valve port of the second three-way valve 23 is connected to the fourth port of the water-cooled condenser 22. The second valve port of the second three-way valve 23 is connected to one end of the second heater 24. One end of the warm air core 25 is connected to the other end of the second heater 24. The other end of the warm air core 25 is connected to the inlet of the second expansion tank 26. The outlet of the second expansion tank 26 is connected to the other end of the third electronic water pump 27. The third one-way valve 29 is used to transfer refrigerant to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 in one direction.

[0030] Among them, one end of the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 4 through the fourth shut-off valve 31, the third valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve 15, the third end of the water-water heat exchanger 14 is connected to the inlet of the second expansion tank 26, the fourth end of the water-water heat exchanger 14 is connected to the third valve port of the second three-way valve 23, and the end of the second shut-off valve 7 connected to the first one-way valve 6 is connected to the end of the second electronic expansion valve 30 connected to the third one-way valve 29.

[0031] Specifically, the thermal management system 100, through the configuration of a first, second, third, and fourth thermal management flow path, couples the thermal management circuits of the passenger compartment, power battery, and electric drive and control system. It also controls the opening and closing of valves to alter the flow and circulation of refrigerant and coolant, enabling mutual energy utilization and transfer, reducing overall vehicle energy consumption at low temperatures, and improving overall vehicle range. Furthermore, the thermal management system 100 incorporates heat pump, waste heat utilization, and passive cooling functions. These functions facilitate energy transfer and mutual utilization, reducing energy loss in the passenger compartment and power battery 11 during cooling and heating at low temperatures. The passive cooling function ensures the power battery 11 operates normally in low-temperature environments, preventing high-temperature alarms from the power battery 11 and power limiting by the motor 18. Additionally, this application, through system integration and circuit coupling, achieves energy transfer and utilization, supports multiple operating modes, and can achieve refrigerant heat pump heating at temperatures below -20°C by switching heat sources.

[0032] Furthermore, considering the harsh operating conditions of heavy-duty trucks, this application eliminates the use of multi-way water valves in the thermal management system architecture to adapt to the driving scenarios of heavy-duty trucks. Instead, it uses three-way valves, four-way valves, and one-way valves to achieve loop switching and energy exchange, thereby coupling the thermal management loops of the passenger compartment, power battery, and electric drive and control system. This effectively avoids problems of internal leakage, heat leakage, and external leakage, improves system stability, and reduces system failure rate.

[0033] The refrigerant can be R134a, R1234yf, R410A, etc., and can be selected according to its temperature range and price. There are no specific restrictions here. The following explanation uses R134a as an example.

[0034] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid separator 4 can protect the compressor 1 by separating the liquid and gas in the refrigerant, preventing liquid from entering the compressor 1, thereby protecting the compressor 1 and avoiding liquid accumulation and oil return difficulties.

[0035] In some embodiments, control valve 9 can prevent the migration of cryogenic refrigerant, which could damage compressor 1.

[0036] Furthermore, in this application, considering that the pure electric heavy-duty truck has a gas-liquid separator 4 added to the air intake of the compressor 1, and that the power battery 11 circuit has a large cooling demand and the required outlet water temperature is higher than the passenger compartment air outlet temperature, the refrigerant flow rate is large when the power battery and passenger compartment are cooled at the same time. This leads to an increase in the evaporation temperature of the passenger compartment air conditioner, an increase in the intake pressure of the compressor 1, and a smaller temperature difference between the evaporator 3 and the air in the passenger compartment for convective heat exchange, resulting in a poorer air conditioning cooling effect. Since the thermal management system needs to add a gas-liquid separator 4 to avoid insufficient superheat during low-temperature cooling and liquid slugging caused by refrigerant migration, it cannot be eliminated. Therefore, this application designs to connect the other end of the evaporator 3 to the compressor air intake, thereby decoupling the evaporation pressure on the battery side in the second thermal management flow path from that in the first thermal management flow path, enhancing the convective heat exchange between the evaporator 3 and the air in the passenger compartment, and thus improving the cooling performance of the passenger compartment.

[0037] In some embodiments, due to the limitations of the large capacity of the water pumps in the heavy truck battery circuit and motor circuit, and the small capacity of the water pump in the heater circuit, the three circuits cannot be connected in series using only a multi-way water valve. Therefore, this application adds a water-to-water heat exchanger 14 to the thermal management system. The water-to-water heat exchanger 14 separates the second thermal management flow path from other flow paths and transfers heat through the water-to-water heat exchanger 14. This avoids the problem of the entire thermal management system failing completely due to water leakage in one of the thermal management flow paths and improves system stability.

[0038] It should be noted that the first heater 12 and the second heater 24 mentioned above can be PTC heaters or other types of heaters, such as graphite heaters, electric heating wire heaters, ceramic heaters, etc. These can be selected according to actual needs, and no specific restrictions are made here. The following explanation uses a PTC heater as an example.

[0039] According to the thermal management system 100 of the present invention, by coupling the first thermal management flow path, the second thermal management flow path, the third thermal management flow path and the fourth thermal management flow path, and through the reverse Carnot cycle, heat is absorbed from the "air source, water source and PTC electric heating source". By utilizing the reversing and switching of the refrigerant and water-side valves, energy transfer and recovery are realized, thereby reducing the energy loss caused by heating the passenger compartment and cooling and heating the battery and realizing the low-temperature heat dissipation function of the battery, thus solving the problems of low low-temperature driving range of the whole vehicle and low-temperature cooling failure of the battery.

[0040] In some embodiments, in the occupant cabin cooling mode, the first shut-off valve 5, the second shut-off valve 7, and the thermostatic expansion valve 8 are connected, and the refrigerant flows through the exhaust port of the compressor 1, the first shut-off valve 5, the outdoor heat exchanger 2, the first check valve 6, the second shut-off valve 7, the thermostatic expansion valve 8, the evaporator 3, the control valve 9, and the suction port of the compressor 1.

[0041] Specifically, in the occupant cabin cooling mode, the first shut-off valve 5, the second shut-off valve 7, and the thermostatic expansion valve 8 are open, and the refrigerant flows out from the exhaust port of the compressor 1, enters the outdoor heat exchanger 2 through the first shut-off valve 5, condenses and releases heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and then enters the evaporator 3 through the first one-way valve 6, the second shut-off valve 7, and the thermostatic expansion valve 8 to absorb the heat in the occupant cabin. Finally, it flows through the control valve 9 and returns to the suction port of the compressor 1, thus completing the cycle and realizing the cooling of the occupant cabin.

[0042] In some embodiments, in the power battery cooling mode, the first heater 12 is in the off state, the second shut-off valve 7 is connected to the first electronic expansion valve 16, and the first valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve 15. The refrigerant flows through the exhaust port of the compressor 1, the first shut-off valve 5, the outdoor heat exchanger 2, the first check valve 6, the first electronic expansion valve 16, the water chiller 10, the gas-liquid separator 4, and the suction port of the compressor 1. The coolant in the second thermal management flow path flows through the first electronic water pump 13, the first heater 12, the power battery 11, the water chiller 10, the water-to-water heat exchanger 14, the four-way valve 15, and the first electronic water pump 13.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the refrigerant compressed by compressor 1 enters outdoor heat exchanger 2 through first shut-off valve 5, condenses and releases heat, then passes through first one-way valve 6 and first electronic expansion valve 16, enters water chiller 10 to absorb heat from battery coolant, then enters gas-liquid separator 4, and finally flows back to compressor to complete the cycle. Simultaneously, in the second thermal management flow path, i.e., the battery coolant circulation loop, the low-temperature battery coolant flows from first electronic water pump 13 through first heater 12 into power battery 11 to absorb battery heat, then enters water chiller 10 to transfer heat to refrigerant. After flowing out, it passes through water-to-water heat exchanger 14 and four-way valve 15, then flows back to first electronic water pump 13 to complete the cycle. Thus, the refrigerant in the first thermal management flow path exchanges heat with the coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path, achieving the cooling effect on power battery 11.

[0044] Alternatively, in the power battery cooling mode, the first heater 12 is in the off state, the first valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve 19, the third valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is closed, the second valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve 15, the first valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve 15, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is: second electronic water pump 17, motor 18, first three-way valve 19, radiator 20, four-way valve 15, first electronic water pump 13, first heater 12, power battery 11, water chiller 10, water-to-water heat exchanger 14, four-way valve 15, first expansion tank 21, and second electronic water pump 17.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the coolant enters the motor 18 under the action of the second electronic water pump 17 to absorb heat, then enters the radiator 20 through the first three-way valve 19 to exchange heat with the low-temperature outdoor air and release heat, then enters the first electronic water pump 13 through the four-way valve 15, flows through the first heater 12 under the action of the first electronic water pump 13, enters the power battery 11 to absorb heat, flows out and enters the water chiller 10, continues to flow through the water-to-water heat exchanger 14, the four-way valve 15 and the first expansion tank 21, and finally returns to the second electronic water pump 17 to complete the circulation. Thus, the coolant in the second thermal management flow path releases heat in the radiator 20 to cool the power battery 11, achieving passive cooling of the power battery 11, reducing the energy consumption of the compressor 1, and avoiding the problem of the compressor 1 being difficult to start at low temperatures, which leads to high temperature alarm of the power battery 11 and power limitation of the motor 18. Therefore, this application can cool the power battery through the low-temperature radiator on the motor side to achieve passive cooling, which not only solves the problem of low-temperature battery cooling, but also reduces the energy consumption anxiety caused by using compressor cooling.

[0046] In some embodiments, in the motor cooling mode, the first valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve 19, the third valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is closed, the third valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve 15, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump 17, the motor 18, the first three-way valve 19, the radiator 16, the four-way valve 15, the first expansion tank 21, and the second electronic water pump 17.

[0047] Specifically, the coolant absorbs heat through the motor 18 under the action of the second electronic water pump 17, then enters the radiator 16 through the first three-way valve 19 to dissipate heat and release it into the air. Then it flows through the four-way valve 15 and the first expansion tank 21, and finally returns to the second electronic water pump 17 to complete the cycle. The radiator 16 in the third thermal management flow path cools the motor 18 to ensure the normal operation of the motor 18.

[0048] In some embodiments, in the crew cabin heating mode, the second heater 12 is in the off state, the third shut-off valve 28, the fourth shut-off valve 31, and the second electronic expansion valve 30 are open, the first valve port of the second three-way valve 23 is open with the second valve port of the second three-way valve 23, and the refrigerant flows through the exhaust port of the compressor 1, the third shut-off valve 28, the water-cooled condenser 22, the third one-way valve 29, the second electronic expansion valve 30, the outdoor heat exchanger 2, the fourth shut-off valve 31, the gas-liquid separator 4, and the suction port of the compressor 1. The coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path flows through the third electronic water pump 27, the water-cooled condenser 22, the second three-way valve 23, the second heater 24, the heater core 25, the second expansion tank 26, and the third electronic water pump 27.

[0049] Specifically, the refrigerant exits through the exhaust port of compressor 1, enters the water-cooled condenser 22 through the third shut-off valve 28 for condensation and heat release, then enters the outdoor heat exchanger 2 through the third one-way valve 29 and the second electronic expansion valve 30 to absorb heat from the air, and finally returns to the gas-liquid separator 4 through the fourth shut-off valve 31, completing the cycle. Simultaneously, the coolant, driven by the third electronic water pump 27, enters the water-cooled condenser 22 to absorb heat from the refrigerant, then flows through the second three-way valve 23 and the second heater 24 into the warm air core 25, where it exchanges heat with the low-temperature air in the passenger compartment, transferring heat to the passenger compartment. Finally, it returns to the third electronic water pump 27 through the second expansion tank 26, completing the cycle. Thus, the refrigerant in the fourth thermal management path exchanges heat with the air, using the air to heat the passenger compartment, achieving the passenger compartment heating mode of the air-source heat pump.

[0050] Alternatively, in the crew cabin heating mode, the second heater is in the open state, the first valve port of the second three-way valve 23 is connected to the second valve port of the second three-way valve 23, and the coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path flows through the third electronic water pump 27, the water-cooled condenser 22, the second three-way valve 23, the second heater 24, the heater core 25, the second expansion tank 26, and the third electronic water pump 27.

[0051] Specifically, the coolant enters the water-cooled condenser 22 under the action of the third electronic water pump 27, then enters the second heater 24 through the second three-way valve 23 to absorb heat, and then enters the warm air core 25 to exchange heat with the low temperature air in the crew compartment, transferring heat to the crew compartment. Finally, it returns to the third electronic water pump 27 through the second expansion tank 26 to complete the cycle. The coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path is heated by the second heater 24 to realize the PTC heating mode of the crew compartment.

[0052] In some embodiments, in the crew cabin heating mode, the third shut-off valve 28 is connected to the first electronic expansion valve 16, the first valve port of the second three-way valve 23 is connected to the second valve port of the second three-way valve 23, the first valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve 19, the second valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is shut off, the third valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve 15, the first valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and both the first heater 12 and the second heater 24 are in the closed state; the refrigerant flows through the exhaust port of the compressor 1, the third shut-off valve 28, the water-cooled condenser 22, and the third one-way valve. Valve 29, first electronic expansion valve 16, water chiller 10, gas-liquid separator 4, air intake of compressor 1, the flow direction of coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path is third electronic water pump 27, water-cooled condenser 22, second three-way valve 23, second heater 24, warm air core 25, second expansion tank 26, third electronic water pump 27, the flow direction of coolant in the third thermal management flow path is second electronic water pump 17, motor 18, first three-way valve 19, four-way valve 15, first electronic water pump 13, first heater 12, power battery 11, water chiller 10, water-to-water heat exchanger 14, four-way valve 15, first expansion tank 24, second electronic water pump 17.

[0053] Specifically, the refrigerant starts from the discharge port of compressor 1, enters the water-cooled condenser 22 through the third shut-off valve 28 for condensation and heat release, then passes through the third one-way valve 29 and the first electronic expansion valve 16, enters the water chiller 10 to exchange heat with the coolant, absorbs the heat from the coolant, enters the gas-liquid separator 4, and finally returns to the suction port of compressor 1, completing the cycle. Simultaneously, in the third thermal management flow path, the coolant, under the action of the third electronic water pump 27, enters the water-cooled condenser 22 to absorb the heat from the refrigerant, then flows through the second three-way valve 23 and the second heater 24 into the heater core 25, where it exchanges heat with the low-temperature air in the passenger compartment, transferring heat to the passenger compartment. Finally, it returns to the third electronic water pump 27 through the second expansion tank 26, completing the cycle. Meanwhile, in the fourth thermal management flow path, the coolant, under the action of the second electronic water pump 17, enters the motor 18 to absorb heat, then enters the four-way valve 15 through the first three-way valve 19, and then enters the power battery 11 through the first electronic water pump 13 and the first heater 12 to absorb heat again. Then it enters the water chiller 10 to exchange heat with the refrigerant, and finally returns to the second electronic water pump 17 through the water-to-water heat exchanger 14, the four-way valve 15 and the first expansion tank 21 to complete the cycle, heat the passenger compartment, and realize the passenger compartment heating mode of the water source heat pump.

[0054] In some embodiments, in the crew cabin heating mode, the third shut-off valve 28 is connected to the first electronic expansion valve, the first port of the second three-way valve 23 is connected to the second port of the second three-way valve 23, the first port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the second port of the four-way valve 15, and both the first heater 12 and the second heater 24 are in the closed state; the refrigerant flows through the exhaust port of the compressor 1, the third shut-off valve 28, the water-cooled condenser 22, the third check valve 29, the first electronic expansion valve 16, and the water... The air intake of the chiller 10, gas-liquid separator 4, and compressor 1; the flow direction of the coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path is the third electronic water pump 27, water-cooled condenser 22, second three-way valve 23, second heater 24, warm air core 25, second expansion tank 26, and third electronic water pump 27; the flow direction of the coolant in the second thermal management flow path is the first electronic water pump 13, first heater 12, power battery 11, water chiller 10, water-to-water heat exchanger 14, four-way valve 15, and first electronic water pump 13.

[0055] Specifically, the refrigerant starts from the discharge port of compressor 1, enters the water-cooled condenser 22 through the third shut-off valve 28 to absorb heat from the refrigerant, then passes through the third one-way valve 29 and the first electronic expansion valve 16, enters the water chiller 10 to absorb heat, enters the gas-liquid separator 4, and finally returns to the suction port of compressor 1, completing the cycle. Simultaneously, in the fourth thermal management flow path, the coolant enters the water-cooled condenser 22 through the third electronic water pump 27, absorbs heat from the refrigerant, flows through the second three-way valve 23 and the second heater 24 to enter the heater core 25, exchanges heat with the low-temperature air in the passenger compartment, and transfers heat to the passenger compartment. Finally, it returns to the third electronic water pump 27 through the second expansion tank 26, completing the cycle. In the second thermal management flow path, the coolant starts from the first electronic water pump 13, passes through the first heater 12 (which is in the off state at this time) and the power battery 11, absorbs the heat generated by the power battery 11, and then enters the water chiller 10 to exchange heat with the refrigerant in the water chiller and release heat. Finally, it returns to the first electronic water pump 13 through the water-to-water heat exchanger 14 and the four-way valve 15 to complete the cycle and realize the crew cabin heating mode of the water source heat pump.

[0056] Furthermore, given the advantages of the power batteries used in heavy-duty trucks, such as large capacity, high heat generation power, and rated heat dissipation of 10kW-15kW, the passenger compartment heating mode that realizes the water source heat pump can prioritize the use of battery waste heat to meet the passenger compartment heating needs, and there is no need to add a separate motor waste heat recovery device, thereby effectively reducing the overall vehicle energy consumption and saving costs.

[0057] In some embodiments, in the power battery heating mode, the third shut-off valve 28, the second electronic expansion valve 30, and the fourth shut-off valve 31 are open; the first valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve 15; the first valve port of the second three-way valve 23 is connected to the third valve port of the second three-way valve 23; and the first heater 12 is in a closed state. The refrigerant flows through the exhaust port of the compressor 1, the third shut-off valve 28, the water-cooled condenser 22, the third check valve 29, the second electronic expansion valve 30, and the chamber. External heat exchanger 2, fourth shut-off valve 31, gas-liquid separator 4, compressor suction port 1, the coolant flow direction in the fourth thermal management flow path is the third electronic water pump 27, water-cooled condenser 22, second three-way valve 23, water-to-water heat exchanger 24, second expansion tank 26, third electronic water pump 27, the coolant flow direction in the second thermal management flow path is the first electronic water pump 13, first heater 12, power battery 11, water chiller 10, water-to-water heat exchanger 14, four-way valve 15, first electronic water pump 13.

[0058] Specifically, the refrigerant starts from the discharge port of compressor 1, enters the water-cooled condenser 22 through the third shut-off valve 28 for condensation and heat release, then passes through the third one-way valve 29 and the second electronic expansion valve 30, enters the outdoor heat exchanger 2 to absorb heat from the air, then passes through the fourth shut-off valve 31 and the gas-liquid separator 4, and finally returns to the suction port of compressor 1 to complete the cycle. Simultaneously, in the fourth thermal management path, the coolant enters the water-cooled condenser 22 under the action of the third electronic water pump 27, absorbs heat from the refrigerant, then passes through the second three-way valve 23 to enter the water-to-water heat exchanger 14, allowing the coolant in the fourth thermal management path to exchange heat with the coolant in the second thermal management path, and then returns to the third electronic water pump 27 through the second expansion tank 26 to complete the cycle. Meanwhile, in the second thermal management flow path, the coolant, under the action of the first electronic water pump 13, passes through the first heater 12 and the power battery 11. The heat released by the power battery 11 then enters the water chiller 10, and then passes through the water-to-water heat exchanger 14 and the four-way valve 15, and finally returns to the first electronic water pump 13 to complete the cycle, realizing the power battery heating mode of the air source heat pump.

[0059] In some embodiments, in the power battery heating mode, the first heater 12 is in the open state, the first valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve 15, and the flow direction of the coolant in the second thermal management flow path is the first electronic water pump 13, the first heater 12, the power battery 11, the water chiller 10, the water-to-water heat exchanger 14, the four-way valve 15, and the first electronic water pump 13.

[0060] Specifically, in the second thermal management flow path, the coolant flows into the first heater 12 under the action of the first electronic water pump 13, is heated by the first heater 12, then releases heat through the power battery 11 to heat the power battery 11, flows through the water chiller 10 and the water-to-water heat exchanger 14, and finally returns to the first electronic water pump 13 through the four-way valve 15 to complete the cycle, and heats the power battery 11 through the first heater 12 to realize the PCT heating mode of the power battery.

[0061] Alternatively, in the power battery heating mode, the first heater 12 is in the closed state, the first valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve 19, the second valve port of the first three-way valve 19 is closed, the second valve port of the four-way valve 15 is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve 15, the first valve port of the four-way valve 151 is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve 15, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump 17, motor 18, first three-way valve 19, four-way valve 15, first electronic water pump 13, first heater 12, power battery 11, water chiller 10, water-to-water heat exchanger 14, four-way valve 15, first expansion tank 21, and second electronic water pump 17.

[0062] Specifically, in the third thermal management flow path, the coolant flows through the motor 11 under the action of the second electronic water pump 17, absorbs heat, and then enters the first electronic water pump 13 through the first three-way valve 19 and the four-way valve 15. Under the action of the first electronic water pump 13, it enters the power battery 11 through the first heater 12, releases heat, and then returns to the second electronic water pump 17 after passing through the water chiller 10, the water-to-water heat exchanger 14, the four-way valve 15, and the first expansion tank 21 to complete the cycle. The power battery 11 is heated by the waste heat of the motor 11, realizing the power battery heating mode of utilizing the waste heat of the motor.

[0063] As described above, this invention improves energy utilization through a "three-source heat pump + passive cooling" technical approach. It enables air-source heat pumps, water-source heat pumps, and electric heating sources to heat the passenger compartment or battery individually or simultaneously, meeting various temperature requirements and adaptively matching heat sources to reduce overall vehicle energy consumption at low temperatures. When heating is needed, an intelligent algorithm adapts to the ambient temperature and matches the appropriate heat source to heat the passenger compartment and battery. When cooling is required for the battery, forced cooling with a compressor is used in high-temperature environments; and passive cooling with a low-temperature radiator is used in low-temperature environments, achieving complete closed-loop control.

[0064] In some embodiments, the different operating modes described above can be combined in different ways depending on the actual situation of the different thermal management systems.

[0065] For example, a combination of passenger compartment cooling mode, power battery cooling mode, and motor cooling mode; or passenger compartment heating mode of air source heat pump, passenger compartment heating mode of second water source heat pump, passenger compartment heating mode of PTC heating, and motor cooling mode; or passenger compartment heating mode of air source heat pump, passenger compartment heating mode of first water source heat pump, and passenger compartment heating mode of PTC heating; or passenger compartment heating mode of air source heat pump and power battery heating mode of air source heat pump; or passenger compartment heating mode of air source heat pump, PTC heating mode, and motor cooling mode. The passenger compartment heating mode can be either a C-type heated cabin or an air-source heat pump-based battery heating mode; or an air-source heat pump-based passenger compartment heating mode and a passively cooled battery cooling mode; or a PTC-heated passenger compartment heating mode and a passively cooled battery cooling mode; or an air-source heat pump-based passenger compartment heating mode, a waste heat utilization battery heating mode, and a PCT-heated battery heating mode; or a PCT-heated passenger compartment heating mode, a waste heat utilization battery heating mode, and a PCT-heated battery heating mode. Different arrangements of these combinations are possible. No restrictions are placed on this.

[0066] As described above, this application enables air source heat pumps, water source heat pumps, and PTC electric heating sources to heat the passenger compartment or battery separately or simultaneously, meeting various temperature scenarios, adaptively matching heat sources, reducing vehicle energy consumption, and improving vehicle range.

[0067] A second aspect of the present invention provides a heavy-duty truck including the thermal management system 100 of the above embodiment.

[0068] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the heavy-duty truck can realize the mutual transfer and utilization of energy, reduce the low-temperature energy consumption of the whole vehicle, solve the problems of low low-temperature driving range of the whole vehicle and low-temperature cooling failure of the battery, and will not cause problems such as internal leakage, heat leakage and external leakage in harsh environments.

[0069] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0070] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, characterized in that, For heavy-duty trucks, the thermal management system includes: The first thermal management flow path includes a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an evaporator, and a gas-liquid separator. The discharge port of the compressor is connected to one end of the outdoor heat exchanger through a first shut-off valve. A first one-way valve, a second shut-off valve, and a thermal expansion valve are sequentially arranged between the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger and one end of the evaporator. A control valve is arranged between the other end of the evaporator and the suction port of the compressor. The first one-way valve is used to transfer refrigerant to the evaporator in one direction. The second thermal management flow path includes a water chiller, a power battery, a first heater, a first electronic water pump, a water-to-water heat exchanger, and a four-way valve. The first port of the water chiller is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The second port of the water chiller is connected between the first check valve and the second shut-off valve through a first electronic expansion valve. The third port of the water chiller is connected to one end of the power battery. The fourth port of the water chiller is connected to the first end of the water-to-water heat exchanger. The second end of the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to the first valve port of the four-way valve. The second valve port of the four-way valve is connected to one end of the first electronic water pump. The first heater is connected between the other end of the power battery and the other end of the first electronic water pump. The third thermal management flow path includes a second electronic water pump, a motor, a first three-way valve, a radiator, and a first expansion tank. The first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to one end of the motor, the second valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to one end of the radiator, the other end of the radiator is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve, the inlet of the first expansion tank is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, the outlet of the first expansion tank is connected to one end of the second electronic water pump, and the other end of the second electronic water pump is connected to the other end of the motor. The fourth thermal management flow path includes a water-cooled condenser, a second three-way valve, a second heater, a warm air core, a second expansion tank, and a third electronic water pump. The first port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the exhaust port of the compressor via a third shut-off valve. The second port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger via a third one-way valve and a second electronic expansion valve. The third port of the water-cooled condenser is connected to one end of the third electronic water pump. The first port of the second three-way valve is connected to the fourth port of the water-cooled condenser. The second port of the second three-way valve is connected to one end of the second heater. One end of the warm air core is connected to the other end of the second heater. The other end of the warm air core is connected to the inlet of the second expansion tank. The outlet of the second expansion tank is connected to the other end of the third electronic water pump. The third one-way valve is used to transfer refrigerant unidirectionally to the outdoor heat exchanger. In this configuration, one end of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected to the gas-liquid separator via a fourth shut-off valve; the third valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve; the third end of the water-water heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the second expansion tank; the fourth end of the water-water heat exchanger is connected to the third valve port of the second three-way valve; and the end of the second shut-off valve connected to the first one-way valve is connected to the end of the second electronic expansion valve connected to the third one-way valve.

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the refrigeration mode of the passenger compartment, the first shut-off valve, the second shut-off valve, and the thermostatic expansion valve are open, and the refrigerant flows through the compressor's exhaust port, the first shut-off valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first check valve, the second shut-off valve, the thermostatic expansion valve, the evaporator, the control valve, and the compressor's suction port.

3. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the power battery cooling mode, the first heater is in the off state, the second shut-off valve is connected to the first electronic expansion valve, and the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve. The refrigerant flows through the compressor exhaust port, the first shut-off valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the first check valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the water chiller, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor suction port. The coolant in the second thermal management flow path flows through the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump. Alternatively, in the power battery cooling mode, the first heater is in the off state, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve, the third valve port of the first three-way valve is closed, the second valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump, the motor, the first three-way valve, the radiator, the four-way valve, the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, the first expansion tank, and the second electronic water pump.

4. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In motor cooling mode, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the first three-way valve, the third valve port of the first three-way valve is closed, the third valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump, the motor, the first three-way valve, the radiator, the four-way valve, the first expansion tank, and the second electronic water pump.

5. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the crew cabin heating mode, the second heater is in the off state, the third shut-off valve, the fourth shut-off valve, and the second electronic expansion valve are open, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is open with the second valve port of the second three-way valve, the refrigerant flows through the compressor exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, the third check valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the fourth shut-off valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor suction port, and the coolant flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the second heater, the heater core, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump; Alternatively, in the crew cabin heating mode, the second heater is in the on state, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the second three-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the fourth thermal management flow path is the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the second heater, the heater core, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump.

6. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the crew cabin heating mode, the third shut-off valve is connected to the first electronic expansion valve, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the second three-way valve, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve, the second valve port of the first three-way valve is shut off, the third valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and both the first heater and the second heater are in the closed state. The refrigerant flows through the compressor's exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, the third one-way valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the water chiller, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor's suction port. The coolant in the fourth thermal management path flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the second heater, the heater core, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump. The coolant in the third thermal management path flows through the second electronic water pump, the motor, the first three-way valve, the four-way valve, the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, the first expansion tank, and the second electronic water pump.

7. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the crew cabin heating mode, the third shut-off valve is connected to the first electronic expansion valve, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the second three-way valve, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve, and both the first heater and the second heater are in the closed state. The refrigerant flows through the compressor's exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, the third one-way valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the water chiller, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor's suction port. The coolant in the fourth thermal management path flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the second heater, the heater core, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump. The coolant in the second thermal management path flows through the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump.

8. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the power battery heating mode, the third shut-off valve, the second electronic expansion valve, and the fourth shut-off valve are connected, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve, the first valve port of the second three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the second three-way valve, and the first heater is in the closed state. The refrigerant flows through the compressor's exhaust port, the third shut-off valve, the water-cooled condenser, the third one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the fourth shut-off valve, the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor's suction port. The coolant in the fourth thermal management path flows through the third electronic water pump, the water-cooled condenser, the second three-way valve, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the second expansion tank, and the third electronic water pump. The coolant in the second thermal management path flows through the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump.

9. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the power battery heating mode, the first heater is in the on state, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the second valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the second thermal management flow path is the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, and the first electronic water pump. Alternatively, in the power battery heating mode, the first heater is in the off state, the first valve port of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve, the second valve port of the first three-way valve is closed, the second valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve, the first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, and the flow direction of the coolant in the third thermal management flow path is the second electronic water pump, the motor, the first three-way valve, the four-way valve, the first electronic water pump, the first heater, the power battery, the water chiller, the water-to-water heat exchanger, the four-way valve, the first expansion tank, and the second electronic water pump.

10. A heavy-duty truck, characterized in that, Includes the thermal management system described in any one of claims 1-9.

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