Composite oil phase material for emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosive, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: composite wax 30-50%, microcrystalline wax 3-6%, engine oil 20-30%, Span 80 16-20% in percentage by mass, high molecular emulsifier 3-4%, and cationic gemini surfactant 1-2%, wherein the sum of the percentages by mass of the above components is 100%. The application solves the problem of unsatisfactory emulsification effect of emulsifiers in the existing emulsion explosive. The application further discloses a preparation method of the cationic gemini surfactant in the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosive, and a preparation method of the emulsion explosive, which are respectively used for preparing the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosive and effectively reducing the preparation cost of the emulsion explosive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of explosives production technology, and relates to composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, as well as a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, and a method for preparing emulsion explosives. Background Technology

[0002] Composite oil-phase materials are an indispensable and crucial component of emulsion explosives, and their quality determines the performance of the emulsion explosive. Proper preparation of the oil-phase material can not only improve explosive performance and storage stability but also reduce costs and enhance the product's market competitiveness. Composite oil-phase materials are mainly composed of composite waxes and emulsifiers blended in a specific ratio. The emulsifier encapsulates the aqueous phase within the oil-phase material through emulsification, forming a W / O latex structure. With a suitable emulsifier selection, the prepared emulsion explosive not only has a long storage stability period but also excellent explosive performance. In China, Span 80 is typically chosen as the main emulsifier, blended with polyimide-based polymeric emulsifiers to form a composite emulsifier. This type of emulsifier is widely used in actual production; for example, it is selected in the composite oil-phase material formulations disclosed in Chinese patents CN105859492A, CN108164376A, and CN111704515A.

[0003] Although the composite emulsifier system composed of Span 80 and polyimide polymer is the main emulsifier system currently used in the market, it still has certain drawbacks. First, the emulsifier dosage is high, generally exceeding 35% in the oil phase material, resulting in high oil phase material costs and weak market competitiveness. Second, the emulsification effect is not ideal, and the prepared emulsion explosives often experience demulsification or detonation failure due to environmental changes.

[0004] In conclusion, developing an oil-phase material that combines high quality, stability, and low cost is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives, which solves the problem of unsatisfactory emulsification effect of emulsifiers in existing emulsion explosives.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, for use in preparing composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which effectively reduces the preparation cost of emulsion explosives.

[0008] The first technical solution adopted in this invention is a composite oil phase material for emulsified explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 30%-50% composite wax, 3%-6% microcrystalline wax, 20%-30% machine oil, 16%-20% Span 80 by mass percentage, 3%-4% polymeric emulsifier, and 1%-2% cationic gemini surfactant, with the sum of the mass percentages of the above components being 100%.

[0009] The first technical solution of this invention is further characterized in that, The polymeric emulsifier is one or more of T152 polymeric lubricating dispersant, T154 polymeric lubricating dispersant, and T155 polymeric lubricating dispersant.

[0010] The cationic gemini surfactant is of the mnm type, where m = 12, 14, 16, 18, and n = 2, 3.

[0011] The viscosity of engine oil at 80℃ is greater than 21 mPa·s.

[0012] The second technical solution adopted in this invention is a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives. This method is used to prepare the cationic gemini surfactants in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this invention, and is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylethylenediamine or tetramethylpropylenediamine to a reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1 for one of the following: bromododecane, bromotetradecane, bromohexadecane, or bromooctadecane, and stir to react. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant with an organic solvent to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant.

[0013] The second technical solution of the present invention is further characterized in that, The stirring reaction in step 1 specifically involves stirring at 90°C for 3 hours, followed by heating to 120°C and stirring for another 3 hours.

[0014] The organic solvent is acetone.

[0015] The third technical solution adopted in this invention is a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which uses the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this invention for preparation, and is implemented according to the following steps: Emulsion explosives are obtained by emulsifying a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material to obtain a latex matrix, and then sensitizing the latex matrix to obtain emulsion explosives.

[0016] The third technical solution of the present invention is further characterized in that, The mass ratio of composite oil phase material to aqueous phase material for emulsion explosives is 5~8:95~92.

[0017] The sensitization method is chemical sensitization, and the mass ratio of latex matrix to sensitizer during sensitization is 1000:3.0~5.0.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention relates to a composite oil-phase material for emulsion explosives. By adding cationic gemini surfactants to traditional oil-phase material formulations, the emulsifying properties of the oil-phase material are improved. Emulsion explosives prepared using this composite oil-phase material exhibit a stability period of over 6 months and a detonation velocity greater than 4700 m / s. The highly efficient synergistic emulsification effect of the cationic gemini surfactant and Span 80 reduces the amount of emulsifier required in the oil-phase material, lowering the emulsifier content from the usual 35% to between 20% and 25%, effectively reducing production costs and enhancing the product's market competitiveness. Furthermore, this composite oil-phase material maintains good emulsifying performance even with relatively low emulsifier content.

[0019] The present invention provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives. The method is simple and easy to operate and can efficiently prepare cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives.

[0020] The method for preparing emulsion explosives of the present invention is simple to operate, uses inexpensive and readily available raw materials, has mild and easily controllable preparation conditions, requires no special equipment, and has low preparation cost. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] The present invention provides a composite oil phase material for emulsified explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 30%-50% composite wax, 3%-6% microcrystalline wax, 20%-30% machine oil, 16%-20% Span 80 by mass percentage, 3%-4% polymeric emulsifier, and 1%-2% cationic gemini surfactant, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%.

[0023] The polymeric emulsifier is one or more of T152 polymeric lubricating dispersant, T154 polymeric lubricating dispersant, and T155 polymeric lubricating dispersant. The viscosity of the engine oil at 80℃ is greater than 21 mPa·s.

[0024] The cationic gemini surfactant is of the mnm type, where m = 12, 14, 16, or 18, and n = 2 or 3. The cationic gemini surfactant exhibits excellent synergistic effects on the emulsifying properties of Span 80. Adding a small amount of cationic gemini surfactant to traditional oil-phase material formulations significantly increases the detonation velocity of the prepared emulsion explosive, while also noticeably enhancing its storage stability. Analysis suggests this is because the cationic gemini surfactant itself possesses excellent surface activity; its addition effectively reduces the tension at the oil-water interface of the emulsion explosive, allowing the aqueous phase to form smaller droplets dispersed in the oil phase. Furthermore, the cationic gemini surfactant carries a cationic charge, which enhances the charge of the latex particles, reducing the probability of collision and fusion between latex particles. The cationic gemini surfactant interacts with Span 80 and the polyimide polymeric emulsifier at the oil-water interface, improving the emulsification effect while reducing the amount of Span 80 and polyimide required. This reduces the cost of the oil-phase material by decreasing the amount of emulsifier used.

[0025] The present invention discloses a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives. The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylethylenediamine or tetramethylpropylenediamine to one of the following in a molar ratio of 2:1:1 into a reaction vessel, stir at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant using an organic solvent, acetone, to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant.

[0026] The preparation method of the emulsion explosive of the present invention utilizes the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of the present invention and is carried out according to the following steps: Emulsion explosives are obtained by emulsifying composite oil phase materials and aqueous phase materials at a mass ratio of 5~8:95~92 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix is ​​then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.0~5.0 to sensitizer for 2~5 minutes to obtain emulsion explosives.

[0027] The aqueous phase material is prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous phase and the oil phase is maintained at 90℃~95℃ and the emulsification speed is 1200 r / min.

[0028] The method for preparing emulsion explosives of the present invention utilizes the composite oil phase material of the present invention. The prepared emulsion explosive has a detonation velocity ≥4700m / s and a storage period ≥6 months. It features high detonation velocity, good storage stability, and low cost.

[0029] Example 1 This embodiment provides a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 50% composite wax, 5% microcrystalline wax, 20% machine oil, 20% Span 80 by mass percentage, 3% high molecular weight emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinimide T154), and 2% cationic gemini surfactant (18-2-18).

[0030] The cationic gemini surfactant is of the mnm type, where m = 12, 14, 16, 18, and n = 2, 3.

[0031] This embodiment provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, specifically for preparing cationic gemini surfactant 18-2-18 in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this embodiment. The method is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylethylenediamine and bromooctadecane to a reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1, stir at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant with the organic solvent acetone to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant 18-2-18.

[0032] This embodiment provides a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which is carried out using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this embodiment, and is implemented according to the following steps: The emulsion explosive was emulsified with a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material at a ratio of 6:94 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix was then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.5 to the sensitizer for 3 minutes to obtain the emulsion explosive.

[0033] The aqueous phase material was prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate, and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous and oil phases was maintained at 90℃, and the emulsification speed was 1200 r / min.

[0034] The specific preparation method of the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives is as follows: the composite wax, microcrystalline wax and machine oil are completely melted at 90°C according to the required amount to obtain a blended oil phase; Span 80, T154 and 18-2-18 are heated to 70°C according to the required amount and added to the blended oil, mixed and stirred for 1 hour, cooled and shaped to obtain the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 50% composite wax, 5% microcrystalline wax, 20% machine oil, 20% Span 80 by mass percentage, 3% high molecular weight emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinimide T154), and 2% cationic gemini surfactant (18-3-18).

[0036] This embodiment provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, specifically for preparing cationic gemini surfactant 18-3-18 in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this embodiment. The method is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylpropanediamine and bromooctadecane to a reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1, stir and react at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir and react for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant with the organic solvent acetone to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant 18-3-18.

[0037] This embodiment provides a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which is carried out using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this embodiment, and is implemented according to the following steps: The emulsion explosive was emulsified with a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material at a ratio of 6:94 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix was then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.5 to the sensitizer for 3 minutes to obtain the emulsion explosive.

[0038] The aqueous phase material was prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate, and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous and oil phases was maintained at 95℃, and the emulsification speed was 1200 r / min.

[0039] The specific preparation method of the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives is as follows: the composite wax, microcrystalline wax and machine oil are completely melted at 90°C according to the required amount to obtain a blended oil phase; Span 80, T154 and 18-3-18 are heated to 70°C according to the required amount and added to the blended oil, mixed and stirred for 1 hour, cooled and shaped to obtain the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives.

[0040] Example 3 This embodiment provides a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 50% composite wax, 5% microcrystalline wax, 20% machine oil, 19% Span 80 by mass, 4% high molecular weight emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinimide T154), and 2% cationic gemini surfactant (14-2-14).

[0041] This embodiment provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, specifically for preparing cationic gemini surfactant 14-2-14 in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this embodiment. The method is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylethylenediamine and bromotetradecane to a reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1, stir at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant with the organic solvent acetone to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant 14-2-14.

[0042] This embodiment provides a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which is carried out using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this embodiment, and is implemented according to the following steps: The emulsion explosive was emulsified with a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material at a ratio of 6:94 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix was then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.5 to the sensitizer for 3 minutes to obtain the emulsion explosive.

[0043] The aqueous phase material was prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate, and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous and oil phases was maintained at 93℃, and the emulsification speed was 1200 r / min.

[0044] The specific preparation method of the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives is as follows: the composite wax, microcrystalline wax and machine oil are completely melted at 90°C according to the required amount to obtain a blended oil phase; Span 80, T154 and 14-2-14 are heated to 70°C according to the required amount and added to the blended oil, mixed and stirred for 1 hour, cooled and shaped to obtain the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives.

[0045] Example 4 This embodiment provides a composite oil phase material for emulsified explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 47% composite wax, 6% microcrystalline wax, 24% machine oil, 17% Span 80 by mass percentage, 4% high molecular weight emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinimide T155), and 2% cationic gemini surfactant (14-3-14).

[0046] This embodiment provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, specifically for preparing cationic gemini surfactant 14-3-14 in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this embodiment. The method is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylpropanediamine and bromotetradecane to a reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1, stir at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant using an organic solvent, acetone, to obtain pure cationic Gemini surfactant 14-3-14.

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which is carried out using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this embodiment, and is implemented according to the following steps: The emulsion explosive was emulsified with a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material at a ratio of 6:94 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix was then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.5 to the sensitizer for 3 minutes to obtain the emulsion explosive.

[0048] The aqueous phase material was prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate, and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous and oil phases was maintained at 92℃, and the emulsification speed was 1200 r / min.

[0049] The specific preparation method of the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives is as follows: the composite wax, microcrystalline wax and machine oil are completely melted at 90°C according to the required amount to obtain a blended oil phase; Span 80, T155 and 14-3-14 are heated to 70°C according to the required amount and added to the blended oil, mixed and stirred for 1 hour, cooled and shaped to obtain the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives.

[0050] Example 5 This embodiment provides a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 40% composite wax, 6% microcrystalline wax, 28% machine oil, 20% Span 80 by mass percentage, 4% high molecular weight emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinimide T155), and 2% cationic gemini surfactant (16-3-16).

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, specifically for preparing cationic gemini surfactant 16-3-16 in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this embodiment. The method is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylpropanediamine and hexadecane bromide to the reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1, stir and react at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir and react for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant with the organic solvent acetone to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant 16-3-16.

[0052] This embodiment provides a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which is carried out using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this embodiment, and is implemented according to the following steps: The emulsion explosive was emulsified with a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material at a ratio of 6:94 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix was then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.5 to the sensitizer for 3 minutes to obtain the emulsion explosive.

[0053] The aqueous phase material was prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate, and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous and oil phases was maintained at 95℃, and the emulsification speed was 1200 r / min.

[0054] The specific preparation method of the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives is as follows: the composite wax, microcrystalline wax and machine oil are completely melted at 90°C according to the required amount to obtain a blended oil phase; Span 80, T155 and 16-3-16 are heated to 70°C according to the required amount and added to the blended oil, mixed and stirred for 1 hour, cooled and shaped to obtain the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives.

[0055] Example 6 This embodiment provides a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 43% composite wax, 6% microcrystalline wax, 26% machine oil, 18% Span 80 by mass, 4% high molecular weight emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinimide T155), and 3% cationic gemini surfactant (14-3-14).

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, specifically for preparing cationic gemini surfactant 14-3-14 in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this embodiment. The method is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylpropanediamine and bromotetradecane to a reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1, stir at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant using an organic solvent, acetone, to obtain pure cationic Gemini surfactant 14-3-14.

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which is carried out using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this embodiment, and is implemented according to the following steps: The emulsion explosive was emulsified with a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material at a ratio of 6:94 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix was then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.5 to the sensitizer for 3 minutes to obtain the emulsion explosive.

[0058] The aqueous phase material was prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate, and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous and oil phases was maintained at 95℃, and the emulsification speed was 1200 r / min.

[0059] The specific preparation method of the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives is as follows: the composite wax, microcrystalline wax and machine oil are completely melted at 90°C according to the required amount to obtain a blended oil phase; Span 80, T155 and 14-3-14 are heated to 70°C according to the required amount and added to the blended oil, mixed and stirred for 1 hour, cooled and shaped to obtain the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives.

[0060] Example 5 This embodiment provides a composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 43% composite wax, 5% microcrystalline wax, 28% machine oil, 18% Span 80 by mass percentage, 4% high molecular weight emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinimide T154), and 2% cationic gemini surfactant (18-2-18).

[0061] This embodiment provides a method for preparing cationic gemini surfactants in composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives, specifically for preparing cationic gemini surfactant 18-2-18 in the composite oil phase materials for emulsion explosives of this embodiment. The method is implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Add tetramethylpropanediamine and hexadecane bromide to the reaction vessel in a molar ratio of 2:1, stir and react at 90°C for 3 hours, and then heat to 120°C and stir and react for 3 hours. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant with the organic solvent acetone to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant 18-2-18.

[0062] This embodiment provides a method for preparing emulsion explosives, which is carried out using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives of this embodiment, and is implemented according to the following steps: The emulsion explosive was emulsified with a composite oil phase material and an aqueous phase material at a ratio of 6:94 to obtain a latex matrix. The latex matrix was then chemically sensitized at a mass ratio of 1000:3.5 to the sensitizer for 3 minutes to obtain the emulsion explosive.

[0063] The aqueous phase material was prepared by mass percentage of 80% ammonium nitrate, 9% sodium nitrate, and 11% water. During the preparation of the latex matrix, the temperature of both the aqueous and oil phases was maintained at 95℃, and the emulsification speed was 1200 r / min.

[0064] The specific preparation method of the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives is as follows: the composite wax, microcrystalline wax and machine oil are completely melted at 90°C according to the required amount to obtain a blended oil phase; Span 80, T154 and 18-2-18 are heated to 70°C according to the required amount and added to the blended oil in step a, mixed and stirred for 1 hour, cooled and shaped to obtain the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives.

[0065] The performance test results of the composite oil phase and emulsion explosives used in Examples 1-7 of this invention are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.

[0066] Table 1 Physicochemical properties of the composite oil phase material of the present invention

[0067] Table 2 Performance Indicators of Emulsion Explosives Prepared from the Composite Oil Phase Material of the Present Invention

[0068] Based on the above experimental data, it can be seen that the composite oil phase material prepared using the cationic gemini surfactant prepared in this invention has good emulsification effect, and the detonation velocity of the prepared emulsion explosive is ≥4700 m·s. -1 With a detonation distance ≥5cm and a storage period ≥6 months, it features high detonation velocity, good storage stability, and low cost. Its technical specifications meet and significantly exceed the requirements for Class II rock emulsion explosives in the "General Technical Conditions for Industrial Explosives" (GB 28286-2012).

Claims

1. A composite oil-phase material for emulsion explosives, characterized in that, The composition includes the following components by mass percentage: 30-50% complex wax, 3-6% microcrystalline wax, 20-30% machine oil, 16-20% Span 80 by mass percentage, 3-4% polymeric emulsifier, and 1-2% cationic gemini surfactant. The sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. The polymeric emulsifier is one or more of T152 polymeric lubricating dispersant, T154 polymeric lubricating dispersant, and T155 polymeric lubricating dispersant. The cationic gemini surfactant is of the mnm type, wherein m = 12, 14, 16, 18, and n = 2, 3. The viscosity of the engine oil at 80°C is greater than 21 mPa·s.

2. The composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for preparing the cationic gemini surfactant is as follows: Step 1: Add tetramethylethylenediamine or tetramethylpropylenediamine to a reaction vessel at a molar ratio of 2:1 for one of the following: bromododecane, bromotetradecane, bromohexadecane, or bromooctadecane, and stir to react. Step 2: Pour out the reactants from Step 1 and cool to room temperature to obtain crude cationic gemini surfactant; Step 3: Recrystallize the crude Gemini surfactant with an organic solvent to obtain the pure cationic Gemini surfactant; In step 1, the stirring reaction is specifically carried out at 90°C for 3 hours, followed by heating to 120°C and stirring for another 3 hours. The organic solvent is acetone.

3. A method for preparing emulsion explosives, comprising using the composite oil phase material for emulsion explosives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Follow these steps: Emulsion explosives are emulsified with composite oil phase materials and aqueous phase materials to obtain a latex matrix, and the latex matrix is ​​sensitized to obtain emulsion explosives; The mass ratio of the composite oil phase material to the aqueous phase material for the emulsion explosive is 5~8:95~92; The sensitization method is chemical sensitization, and the mass ratio of latex matrix to sensitizer during sensitization is 1000:3.5.

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