A plate-shaped self-adaptive shearing and pressing device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a plate-shaped self-adaptive shearing and pressing device and method, aiming to improve the shearing precision and quality of steel plates with different widths, thicknesses and plate-shaped warping. The method realizes self-adaptive pressing of the steel plate by assembling a cutter beam, a shearing blade, a pressing rod device and a pressing plate device on a cutter holder through bolts. The pressing rod device and the pressing plate device are configured according to the specific size and shape of the steel plate, and different stiffness springs are used to generate differential pressing forces at the cutting-in end and the cutting-out end of the shearing blade, so as to adapt to the plate-shaped warping of the steel plate and reduce the resistance in the shearing process. The method can effectively optimize the shearing process of the steel plate, improve the shearing efficiency and the quality of finished products, and is suitable for steel plate working operations in various industrial fields. The implementation details and optimization steps of the application ensure its high adaptability and simple operation when processing different specifications of steel plates, and have significant industrial application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metallurgical equipment technology, specifically relating to a plate shape adaptive shearing and clamping device and method, which is applied to stop shears and flying shears for steel plate shearing. Background Technology

[0002] In metal processing, especially in the steel industry, sheet metal shearing is a crucial step in the production process. The shearing process not only affects the dimensional accuracy of the material but also directly impacts its performance and the quality of subsequent processing. Traditional shearing processes primarily utilize fixed shearing equipment, such as guillotine shears, roller-type flying shears, crank-type flying shears, and swing-arm flying shears. These devices maintain a fixed parallel state between the upper and lower shear blades during the shearing process and are suitable for shearing sheets of a certain thickness and specification.

[0003] However, in actual production, especially on continuous production lines, the shape of steel plates can vary due to various factors such as material properties, heating temperature, and rolling force, resulting in phenomena like edge waviness and warping. This makes it difficult for traditional shearing and clamping devices to adapt to all plate shape variations, affecting shearing quality and efficiency. Particularly near weld seams or seams, the differences in plate shape are more pronounced, making it difficult for traditional clamping devices to effectively clamp these areas. This leads to steel plate warping during shearing, affecting shearing accuracy, accelerating shear blade wear, and even causing abnormal equipment shutdowns.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies cannot effectively address the shearing requirements of steel plates with irregular shapes and severe warping, which limits the application scope and production efficiency of the shearing process. To address this issue, there is an urgent need for a shearing and clamping method that can adapt to different plate shapes and ensure both shearing quality and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the objective of this invention is to provide a plate shape adaptive shearing and clamping device and method to solve the clamping problem of existing shearing equipment when handling irregularly shaped or warped steel plates, thereby improving shearing accuracy, shearing surface quality, and extending shear blade life. Simultaneously, it achieves a method that is simple in structure, convenient in operation, adaptable to different plate shapes, and reliably clamps the steel plate being sheared.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: An adaptive shearing and clamping device for plates includes an upper blade beam, a blade holder, a shear blade, and an adaptive clamping mechanism; the blade holder is mounted on the blade beam; a shear blade is connected to the blade holder, and the adaptive clamping mechanism is detachably connected to the blade holder in front of the shear blade.

[0007] The adaptive clamping mechanism includes a pressure rod device and a pressure plate device; the pressure plate device is connected to the center position of the tool holder; pressure rod devices are symmetrically connected to both sides of the pressure plate device.

[0008] The pressure rod device and pressure plate device are fixed to the tool holder by bolts.

[0009] The pressure rod device includes a built-in pressure rod, a pressure rod bracket, a sliding bearing, a spring, and a spring retaining ring; the pressure rod bracket is a hollow barrel-shaped structure; the upper part of the pressure rod is connected to the inner wall of the pressure rod bracket through the sliding bearing; a spring is connected to the top of the pressure rod, and a spring retaining ring for limiting the position is provided at the top of the spring, and the spring retaining ring is detachably connected to the pressure rod bracket; a locking nut is connected to the top of the spring retaining ring to achieve axial limiting of the pressure rod.

[0010] The pressure plate device includes two sets of pressure rod devices, a clamping plate, and screws; fixed on the pressure plate, forming a double pressure rod device. By pushing the pressure plate, the pressure rod moves upward inside the pressure rod bracket and compresses the spring. When the pushing force is removed, the spring resets the pressure plate. The cutting end and cutting end of the shear blade are respectively equipped with springs.

[0011] The upper blade beam is equipped with at least one set of pressure plate devices and at least two sets of pressure rod devices.

[0012] A plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping method includes the following steps: S1. Steel Plate Specification Assessment: S2. Configuration of the clamping device; Based on the evaluation results of S1 steel plate specifications, select the number of pressure plate devices and pressure bar devices; S3. Spring Stiffness Adjustment: Select the spring stiffness according to the thickness and warping of the steel plate. S4. Device Installation: Install the pressure plate device and pressure rod device on the tool holder according to the configuration in S2, ensuring that the pressure plate device is installed in the middle of the tool holder and the pressure rod devices are installed on both sides of the tool holder. S5. Equipment debugging: Turn on the shearing machine and run the blade beam, blade holder, pressure plate device and pressure rod device in a no-load operation to check whether each component works in coordination and to ensure that the clamping force is evenly distributed on the steel plate. S6. Shearing operation: Place the steel plate to be sheared under the blade beam. When shearing begins, the blade beam moves the blade holder downward. The pressure plate device and pressure rod device first contact the steel plate and automatically adjust the clamping force according to the warping of the steel plate. After the steel plate is tightly attached to the blade beam, shearing is carried out. S7. Device reset after shearing: After the steel plate is sheared, the blade beam rises, and the pressure plate device and pressure rod device automatically reset under the action of the spring, ready for the next shearing operation.

[0013] The steel plate specification evaluation in S1 includes measuring the width, thickness, and degree of plate warping of the steel plate, and calculating the maximum shear force based on the measured width and thickness of the steel plate using the Nossari formula.

[0014] The specific method for selecting the number of pressure plate devices and pressure bar devices in the S2 clamping device configuration is as follows: For steel plate width L≤1200mm, there is one set of pressure plate devices, and the number of pressure bar devices is the steel plate width L minus 200-300mm, divided by 150, and the integer part is an even number; For plate width L>1200mm, there are two sets of pressure plate devices, and the number of pressure bar devices is the steel plate width L minus 400-600mm, divided by 150, and the integer part is an even number.

[0015] The spring stiffness adjustment in S3 is based on the thickness and warping of the steel plate. The springs at the cutting end and the cutting end of the shear blade have different stiffnesses. The design method for each spring stiffness is as follows: the clamping force after compression of the spring at the cutting end is F1. In the formula, h is the maximum thickness of the steel plate being cut, t is the shear blade thickness, P is the maximum shearing force, and n is the number of springs; the spring clamping forces from the cutting end to the cutting end are sequentially ordered as F1, F2, F3...F n Then the clamping force of the i-th spring In the formula, α is the bevel angle of the shear blade; the compression of the spring is designed according to the opening degree of the shearing machine. Let the compression of the spring be s, then the stiffness k of the i-th spring is... .

[0016] When the thickness of the sheared steel plate is greater than 4mm and the plate warping is greater than 3 times the plate thickness, the number of pressure bar devices 5 can be increased and the distance between the two sets of pressure bar devices 5 can be shortened. Conversely, the number of pressure bar devices 5 can be reduced and the distance between the two sets of pressure bar devices 5 can be increased, while the number of pressure plate devices 6 can be increased.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The plate shape adaptive shearing and clamping method of this invention, through its unique design and technology, demonstrates significant advantages in improving shearing accuracy and surface quality, extending shear blade life, increasing production efficiency, and enhancing equipment versatility and flexibility. By arranging a pressure plate device in the middle and pressure bar devices at the edges, it specifically solves the problem of good plate shape in the middle of the steel plate but waviness and warping at the edges, thus optimizing shearing resistance. Its modular design and structural optimization not only improve the efficiency and quality of shearing operations but also increase the stability and durability of the equipment, meeting the needs of high-speed, high-frequency shearing and possessing significant industrial application value.

[0018] The following will provide further explanation in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Appendix Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping method.

[0020] Appendix Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the pressure bar device.

[0021] Appendix Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the pressure plate device.

[0022] Appendix Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the plate shape adaptive shearing and clamping method.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Upper blade beam; 2. Blade holder; 3. Shear blade; 4. Bolt; 5. Pressure bar device; 6. Pressure plate device; 7. Pressure bar; 8. Pressure bar bracket; 9. Sliding bearing; 10. Spring; 11. Spring retaining ring; 12. Locking nut; 13. Screw; 14. Clamping plate; 15. Pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping device and method includes a knife holder 2 mounted on a knife beam 1, a shear blade 3 mounted on the knife holder 2, and a pressure rod device 5 and a pressure plate device 6 fixed to the knife holder 2 by bolts 4 in front of the shear blade 3.

[0025] The blade holder 2 is equipped with a pressure plate device 6 in the middle and pressure rod devices 5 on both sides. Depending on the width, thickness and warping of the steel plate, one or two sets of pressure plate devices 6 are configured in the middle of the upper blade beam, and multiple sets of pressure rod devices 5 are configured on both sides of the upper blade beam 1.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the structural features of the pressure rod device 5 are as follows: the pressure rod support 8 is a hollow barrel structure, and the pressure rod 7 is installed inside the pressure rod support 8. A spring 10 is installed on the upper part of the pressure rod 7, and the upper end of the spring 10 is limited by a spring retaining ring 11, which is threaded onto the pressure rod support 8. A locking nut 12 is installed on the upper part of the pressure rod 7 through the spring retaining ring 11, which axially limits the pressure rod 7. A sliding bearing 9 is assembled between the pressure rod 7 and the pressure rod support 8.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the structural feature of the pressure plate device 6 is that two sets of pressure rod devices 5 are fixed to the pressure plate 15 by a clamping plate 14 and screws 13, forming a double pressure rod device.

[0028] Based on the thickness and warping of the steel plate, a suitable shearing and clamping force is designed. Following the principle of using a spring 10 with greater stiffness at the cutting end of the shear blade 3 and a spring 10 with less stiffness at the cutting end of the shear blade, the stiffness and stroke of the springs in the pressure bar device are configured.

[0029] like Figure 4As shown, during operation, the upper blade beam 1 drives the blade holder 2 to move downwards. The pressure rod device 5 and pressure plate device 6 fixed on the blade holder 2 are higher than the shear blade 3 and first contact the steel plate to be cut. If the steel plate to be cut has a good shape in the middle but warps at the edges, the middle steel plate is pressed flat onto the lower blade beam by the pressure plate device 6; the pressure rod devices 5 distributed at multiple points on both sides squeeze and deform the warped steel plate, bringing it close to the lower blade beam. As the upper blade beam moves downwards, the steel plate is pressed tightly against the lower blade beam under the increasing clamping force of the spring 10, and the shear blade 3 cuts the steel plate sequentially from the cutting end to the cutting end. After the steel plate is cut, the upper blade beam 1 is lifted upwards, and under the action of the spring 10, the pressure plate 15 and pressure rod 7 return to their original positions, entering the next shearing cycle.

[0030] Example 2 Preferably, the upper blade beam 1 is equipped with at least one set of pressure plate devices 6 and at least two sets of pressure rod devices 5 according to the specific conditions of the steel plate width, thickness and plate warping. The number of pressure plate devices 6 and pressure rod devices 5 can be increased or decreased according to the shearing requirements to match steel plates of different sizes and shapes.

[0031] The specific positions and quantities of the pressure plate device 6 and the pressure rod device 5 can be adjusted according to the actual shape characteristics of the sheared steel plate to ensure the uniform distribution of the clamping force at each shearing point and achieve effective clamping of the steel plate.

[0032] The stiffness of spring 10 is set based on the relative position of the contact point between the shear blade 3 and the steel plate being sheared. Spring 10 corresponding to the cutting end of shear blade 3 has a high stiffness value, while spring 10 corresponding to the cutting end of shear blade 3 has a low stiffness value. This adjusts the clamping force of the pressure bar device 5 and the pressure plate device 6 on the steel plate and optimizes the shearing process.

[0033] This method has a mechanism that adapts to different shapes of warped steel plates by adjusting the distribution and number of the pressure plate device 6 and the pressure bar device 5 on the upper blade beam 1, thereby ensuring that the steel plate is subjected to uniform and appropriate clamping force throughout the shearing process, improving shearing accuracy and reducing shearing defects.

[0034] Example 3 This invention provides a plate shape adaptive shearing and clamping device and method, which is suitable for shearing steel plates with different plate shapes and warping conditions. The specific operation steps are described in detail below: S1. Steel Plate Specification Assessment: First, a preliminary assessment is conducted based on the width, thickness, and degree of warping of the steel plate. For example, the steel plate has a width of 1600mm, a thickness of 7mm, a warping degree of 25mm, and a maximum shear force of 216kN.

[0035] S2. Clamping Device Configuration: Based on the evaluation results, select an appropriate number of clamping plate devices (6) and clamping rod devices (5). For steel plates with a width of 1600mm, two sets of clamping plate devices are required in the middle for widths greater than 1200mm. Using the calculation formula (width minus 600mm, then divided by 150 and rounded to the nearest even number), 6 sets of clamping rod devices are needed. Therefore, for a steel plate with a width of 1600mm, a total of two sets of clamping plate devices and 6 sets of clamping rod devices are required.

[0036] S3. Spring stiffness adjustment: Select the appropriate spring stiffness based on the thickness and warping of the steel plate.

[0037] The clamping force after the spring at the cut-out end is compressed is F1. (In the formula, h is the maximum thickness of the steel plate being cut (7mm), t is the blade thickness (25mm), P is the maximum shearing force (216kN), and n is the number of springs (10). The spring clamping forces from the cutting end to the cutting end are sequentially ordered as F1, F2, F3...F n Then the clamping force of the i-th spring (Where α is the bevel angle of the shear blade, 1.5 degrees). The spring compression is designed based on the shear machine's opening size. Assuming the spring compression is s = 75mm, then the stiffness of the spring at the cutting end... Then the stiffness of the spring at the cutting end .

[0038] S4. Device installation: Install the pressure plate device 6 and the pressure rod device 5 on the tool holder 2 according to the configuration in step 2, ensuring that the pressure plate device is installed in the middle of the tool holder and the pressure rod devices are installed on both sides.

[0039] S5. Equipment debugging: Turn on the shearing machine and let the blade beam 1 drive the blade holder 2 and the clamping device to run without load. Check whether the components work in coordination and ensure that the clamping force is evenly distributed on the steel plate.

[0040] S6. Shearing Operation: Place the steel plate to be sheared under the blade beam 1. When shearing begins, the blade beam 1 moves the blade holder 2 downwards. The pressure plate device 6 and the pressure rod device 5 first contact the steel plate and automatically adjust the clamping force according to the warping of the steel plate, so that the steel plate is tightly attached to the lower blade beam.

[0041] S7. Device reset after shearing: After the steel plate is sheared, the blade beam 1 rises, and the pressure plate device 6 and the pressure rod device 5 automatically reset under the action of the spring 10, ready for the next shearing operation.

Claims

1. A plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping method, characterized in that: An adaptive shearing and clamping device is used, which includes an upper blade beam (1), a blade holder (2), a shear blade (3), and an adaptive clamping mechanism; the blade holder (2) is mounted on the upper blade beam (1); the shear blade (3) is connected to the blade holder (2), and the adaptive clamping mechanism is detachably connected to the blade holder (2) in front of the shear blade (3). The adaptive clamping mechanism includes a pressure rod device (5) and a pressure plate device (6); the pressure plate device (6) is connected to the center of the blade holder (2); the pressure rod devices (5) are symmetrically connected on both sides of the pressure plate device (6), and the pressure rod devices (5) include pressure rods. (7) A pressure rod bracket (8), a sliding bearing (9), a spring (10), and a spring retaining ring (11); the pressure rod bracket (8) is a hollow barrel structure; the upper part of the pressure rod (7) is connected to the inner wall of the pressure rod bracket (8) through the sliding bearing (9); a spring (10) is connected to the top of the pressure rod (7), and a spring retaining ring (11) for limiting is provided at the top of the spring (10), and the spring retaining ring (11) is detachably connected to the pressure rod bracket (8); a locking nut (12) is connected to the top of the spring retaining ring (11) to realize the axial limiting of the pressure rod (7). The method includes the following steps: S1. Steel plate specification assessment: S2. Configuration of the clamping device; Based on the evaluation results of S1 steel plate specifications, the number of pressure plate devices (6) and pressure bar devices (5) is selected. The specific method for selecting the number of pressure plate devices (6) and pressure bar devices (5) in the configuration of the clamping device is as follows: If the steel plate width L ≤ 1200mm, the pressure plate devices (6) are one set, and the number of pressure bar devices (5) is the steel plate width L minus 200~300mm, divided by 150, and the integer value is an even number; If the plate width L > 1200mm, the pressure plate devices (6) are two sets, and the number of pressure bar devices (5) is the steel plate width L minus 400~600mm, divided by 150, and the integer value is an even number. S3, Spring (10) Stiffness Adjustment: Based on the thickness and warping of the steel plate, select the stiffness of the spring (10) in the pressure bar device (5): S4. Device installation: According to the configuration of S2, install the pressure plate device (6) and the pressure rod device (5) on the tool holder (2) to ensure that the pressure plate device is configured in the middle position of the tool holder and the pressure rod device (5) is configured on both sides of the tool holder. S5. Equipment debugging: Turn on the shearing machine and make the upper blade beam (1) drive the blade holder (2), the pressure plate device (6), and the pressure rod device (5) to run without load. Check whether each component works in coordination and ensure that the clamping force is evenly distributed on the steel plate. S6. Shearing operation: Place the steel plate to be sheared under the upper blade beam (1). When shearing begins, the upper blade beam (1) drives the blade holder (2) to move downward. The pressure plate device (6) and the pressure rod device (5) first contact the steel plate and automatically adjust the clamping force according to the warping of the steel plate. After the steel plate is tightly attached to the upper blade beam (1), shearing is carried out. S7. Device reset after shearing: After the steel plate is sheared, the upper blade beam (1) rises, and the pressure plate device (6) and pressure rod device (5) automatically reset under the action of the spring (10) to prepare for the next shearing operation.

2. The plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure rod device (5) and the pressure plate device (6) are fixed to the knife holder (2) by bolts (4).

3. The plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure plate device (6) includes two sets of pressure rod devices (5), a clamping plate (14) and screws (13); the two sets of pressure rod devices (5) are fixed on the pressure plate (15) to form a double pressure rod device. By pushing the pressure plate (15), the pressure rod (7) moves upward inside the pressure rod bracket (8) and compresses the spring (10). When the pushing force is removed, the spring (10) resets the pressure plate (15); the cutting end and the cutting end of the shear blade (3) are respectively equipped with springs (10).

4. The plate shape adaptive shearing and clamping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper blade beam (1) is equipped with at least one set of pressure plate devices (6) and at least two sets of pressure rod devices (5).

5. The plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The steel plate specification evaluation in S1 includes measuring the width, thickness, and degree of plate warping of the steel plate, and calculating the maximum shear force based on the measured width and thickness of the steel plate using the Nossari formula.

6. The plate-shaped adaptive shearing and clamping method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stiffness adjustment of the spring (10) in S3 is based on the thickness and warping of the steel plate. The stiffness of the spring (10) in the pressure bar device (5) is selected: the springs (10) configured in the pressure bar device (5) near the cutting end and the cutting end near the shear blade (3) have different stiffnesses. The design method of the stiffness of each spring (10) is as follows: the clamping force of the spring (10) at the cutting end after compression is F1. In the formula, h is the maximum thickness of the steel plate being cut, t is the thickness of the shear blade, P is the maximum shearing force, and n is the number of springs (10); the clamping forces of the springs (10) from the cutting end to the cutting end are ordered as F1, F2, F3...F n Then the clamping force of the i-th spring (10) In the formula, α is the bevel angle of the shear blade; the compression of the spring (10) is designed according to the opening degree of the shearing machine. Let the compression of the spring (10) be s, then the stiffness k of the i-th spring (10) is... .

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