An anti-icing nanocoating, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention discloses an anti-icing nano-coating, its preparation method, and its application, relating to the technical field of surface functionalized coating preparation. The preparation method of this invention includes the following steps: (1) placing a substrate and a mask in a plasma chamber, then filling the mask with mixture A, curing at high temperature, and then removing the mask; then filling the unfilled areas of the substrate with mixture B, curing at high temperature to obtain a photothermal coating; (2) placing the above-treated substrate in a plasma chamber, then introducing a siloxane monomer with multiple reactive groups for the first modification, removing the remaining unreacted siloxane from the chamber after the reaction, and introducing a fluorinated siloxane for the second modification, thus obtaining the nano-coating after the reaction. This invention prepares a coating with high-efficiency anti-icing properties on a substrate by combining a nano-coating with photothermal materials. This coating has good photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent hydrophobic properties, while also possessing good light transmittance and durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of surface functionalized coating preparation, and in particular to an anti-icing nano-coating, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Icing can hinder and even endanger normal life and production, bringing many serious hazards and unnecessary risks. Currently, the main passive anti-icing coatings can be divided into photothermal de-icing coatings, superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings, and super-lubricating fluid-filling coatings. Photothermal de-icing coatings can accelerate ice melting with the help of natural light. Components capable of photothermal conversion are incorporated into the coating, allowing it to heat up under light, thereby accelerating ice melting or slowing down the icing process. However, anti-icing coatings made from a single photothermal material can only heat up under light and cannot effectively remove partially melted ice or water droplets from the surface. Furthermore, most photothermal materials are opaque due to their high light absorption, which greatly limits their further application.

[0003] Common superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings include lotus-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces and pitcher plant-inspired superlubricated liquid-injected porous surfaces (SLIPS), which exhibit low ice adhesion and low de-icing shear forces. Superhydrophobic surfaces primarily achieve low ice adhesion through a combination of micro / nanostructures and low surface energy coatings. However, during repeated icing and de-icing processes, the micro / nanostructures of superhydrophobic anti-icing surfaces are easily damaged, causing them to lose their superhydrophobic properties and increase ice / water droplet adhesion. Similarly, during use, the lubricant in the surface structure of SLIPS surfaces is carried away with the removal of ice, leading to a continuous decrease in the surface lubricant content and a gradual loss of anti-icing properties.

[0004] Besides superhydrophobic coatings and SLIPS, a novel type of liquid-like surface (LLS) with excellent hydrophobic properties has been proposed in recent years. LLS consists of flexible polymer chains with partially fixed end groups on the surface, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and perfluoropolyether (PFPE). These polymer chains have extremely low glass transition temperatures, and their large bond lengths and bond angles at room temperature allow the chain segments to move freely within a certain range, forming a near-liquid nano-coating. Because these highly fluid polymer chains are anchored at one end to the solid surface, such coatings exhibit both extremely low droplet adhesion and good stability. Compared to superhydrophobic and SLIPS coatings, LLS coatings lack fragile surface micro / nano structures and easily lost lubricants, thus possessing better durability and practical application value. Furthermore, the highly fluid chain segments on the surface allow water droplets to easily slide off, and also significantly reduce the adhesion of any ice buildup.

[0005] However, currently, liquid-like surfaces are mainly prepared through polymer surface grafting. During the grafting process, due to effects such as steric hindrance, the area actually covered by monomers on the surface is relatively small, resulting in a low density of LLS surface segments and making it prone to surface microscopic chemical heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is not obvious under macroscopic droplet action, but it easily creates anchor points during the formation of microscopic ice crystals, hindering the removal of surface ice. Increasing the grafted segment density by extending the preparation time has little effect. In addition, a single flexible segment cannot achieve the optimal combination of low surface energy and high flexibility. For example, PDMS segments have good flexibility, but their surface energy is generally ~20-25 mN / m; while PFPE segments can reach a surface energy below 15 mN / m, but their flexibility is less than that of PDMS segments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide an anti-icing nanocoating, its preparation method, and its application. This invention prepares a coating with highly efficient anti-icing properties on a transparent substrate by combining a liquid-like nanocoating with patterned photothermal materials. This coating exhibits good photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent hydrophobic properties, while also possessing good light transmittance and durability, maintaining good anti-icing effects even after dozens of icing and melting cycles.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an anti-icing nanocoating, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Preparation of photothermal coating: The substrate and the mask are placed in a plasma chamber for activation treatment, then the substrate and the mask are bonded together, and then the mixture A is filled into the bonded mask. After high-temperature curing, the mask is removed; finally, the mixture B is filled into the unfilled area of ​​the substrate, and after high-temperature curing, a photothermal coating is obtained on the surface of the substrate; the mixture A includes photothermal material, curing agent and polydimethylsiloxane, and the mixture B includes curing agent and polydimethylsiloxane;

[0010] (2) Preparation of nano-coating: The substrate treated in step (1) is placed in a plasma chamber for surface treatment, and then a siloxane monomer with multiple reactive groups is introduced for the first modification. After the reaction is completed, the unreacted siloxane in the chamber is removed, and a fluorinated siloxane with reactive groups is introduced for the second modification. After the reaction is completed, a nano-coating is obtained on the surface of the photothermal coating.

[0011] This invention utilizes methods such as silane-hydrogen and meth / ethoxy substitution to prepare a "dendritic" structured nano-coating on a highly flexible main chain segment. The nano-coating combines different low surface energy segments, increasing the number of segments per unit area to reduce surface chemical heterogeneity while possessing lower surface energy and more flexible segments. Furthermore, this invention employs grid / dot patterning to prepare a patterned photothermal conversion coating. This ensures the photothermal conversion coating has heating performance while improving the overall light transmittance of the coating to assist in the anti-icing performance of the surface nano-coating, thereby obtaining a coating with good light transmittance and excellent anti-icing properties.

[0012] This invention employs a stepwise grafting method, allowing subsequent monomers to react and immobilize with the side chains on flexible PDMS under high-temperature conditions, without requiring immobilization on the surface. This reduces the reaction difficulty while increasing the number of chains per unit area. Furthermore, since the grafted polymer backbone remains a PDMS chain, the overall flexibility of the chain is ensured; and the monomers in the subsequent reactions contain a large number of fluorine-containing groups, which can further reduce the surface energy of the nano-coating, achieving a combination of highly flexible segments and low surface energy segments.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), mixture A includes 0.5-5 wt.% photothermal material, 5-10 wt.% curing agent, and 85-94.5 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane.

[0014] In this invention, since photothermal materials typically have high surface energy, excessive doping of photothermal materials can lead to uneven mixing when mixed with polydimethylsiloxane, and prevent the formation of a complete coating during curing.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), mixture B comprises 5-10 wt.% curing agent and 90-95 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane.

[0016] In this invention, a low curing agent content is detrimental to the formation of a silicone oil coating, while an excessively high curing agent content leads to overly rapid curing, incomplete bubble removal during vacuum degassing, and an increase in coating modulus, resulting in cracking during high and low temperature alternation. Therefore, this invention improves coating performance by controlling the mass ratio of the curing agent within the aforementioned range.

[0017] Preferably, the activation process in step (1) is as follows: the substrate and the mask are placed in a plasma chamber and evacuated to a vacuum, and then oxygen and / or argon are introduced to activate the surface.

[0018] In this invention, by activating the surfaces of the substrate and the mask, the number of active sites on both surfaces increases, thereby achieving complete adhesion during the masking process. Furthermore, the surface energy of both the substrate and the mask increases after surface pretreatment, resulting in better adhesion and facilitating the preparation of patterned photothermal modified PDMS coatings (photothermal coatings).

[0019] Preferably, the shape of the cutout portion of the mask in step (1) includes at least one of rectangle, circle, and trapezoid.

[0020] Preferably, the pattern spacing / size of the mask in step (1) is 100-2000μm; more preferably, the pattern spacing / size of the mask is 500-1500μm.

[0021] Preferably, in step (1), the width of adjacent patterns on the mask is 50-600 μm; more preferably, the width of adjacent patterns on the mask is 100-500 μm.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the mask in step (1) is 500-1000 μm.

[0023] Preferably, the photothermal material in step (1) is at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon black, graphene, and MXene.

[0024] Preferably, in step (2), the reactive groups in the siloxane monomer containing multiple reactive groups include at least one of silane, vinyl, chloro, ethoxy, methoxy, hydroxy, and amino groups. Furthermore, the number of reactive groups is not less than two.

[0025] Preferably, in step (2), the reactive groups in the fluorosiloxane containing reactive groups include at least one of vinyl, chloro, ethoxy, methoxy, and hydroxy groups.

[0026] More preferably, the fluorosiloxane with reactive groups in step (2) includes at least one of the following: trifluoropropanetrimethoxysilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctylmethyldimethoxysilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroheptadecanetrimethyloxysilane, and heptadecylfluorodecyltriethoxysilane.

[0027] Preferably, in step (2), the time for the first modification and the second modification are both 0.5-12h, the modification temperature is both 80-150℃, and the reaction pressure is 100-200Pa.

[0028] Preferably, the stepwise grafting preparation method in step (2) is chemical vapor deposition.

[0029] This invention employs a vapor-phase method, which effectively avoids solvent swelling of the patterned photothermal coating and prevents damage to some solvent-sensitive substrates. Furthermore, the vapor-phase method effectively preserves the reactive side chains on the formed PDMS chains, improving the modification efficiency during the second step of grafting fluorine-containing groups. Moreover, no additional post-processing is required after preparation, reducing the overall complexity of the preparation process.

[0030] Secondly, the present invention also provides an anti-icing nanocoating prepared by the above preparation method.

[0031] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an application of an anti-icing nano-coating in outdoor power equipment, outdoor intelligent monitoring equipment, and solar panels.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] (1) The nano-coating of the present invention combines linear PDMS chains and fluorine-containing monomers. Compared with liquid-like surfaces composed of single linear PDMS chains, the present invention has higher hydrophobicity and higher segment flexibility compared with linear fluorocarbon chains, which helps droplet sliding and ice removal.

[0034] (2) The present invention adopts a two-step grafting method to prepare a main chain with reactive side chains, and uses this as the second grafting site to perform secondary grafting to prepare a "tree" structure with high flexibility and low surface energy. This avoids the insufficient chain segments per unit area caused by steric hindrance and other effects, which induces the generation of micro-ice crystal anchor points and reduces the anti-icing performance of the coating.

[0035] (3) The anti-icing coating with photothermal effect prepared by the present invention has good light transmittance. By designing a grid / dot pattern to arrange the distribution of photothermal conversion material inside the coating, the heat conversion of the photothermal conversion coating is guaranteed, while the defect of low light transmittance of the photothermal coating is solved to a certain extent. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mask according to the present invention, where (a) to (d) are mask plates with different patterns.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the linear perforated mask plate described in this invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing nano-coating deposition described in this invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a physical image of the anti-icing nano-coating described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 These are the UV-vis images of embodiments 1-3 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a comparison graph showing the temperature rise of Embodiment 2(b) and Comparative Example 2(a) before and after 30 minutes of exposure to natural light.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a comparison diagram of the anti-icing delay of Embodiment 2(b) and Comparative Example 3(a) of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a sliding diagram of surface ice in Embodiment 1 of the present invention at an ambient temperature of 15° and a tilt angle of 30°.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a sliding diagram of surface ice at an ambient temperature of 15° and a tilt angle of 30° in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the scope of protection and implementation of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A method for preparing an anti-icing nanocoating includes the following steps:

[0049] (1) Surface treatment: using Figure 1 The mask in 'a' serves as the template for the base. Figure 1 The mask pattern described in section a is rectangular in shape, with dimensions of 25*25mm, a pattern spacing of 1000μm, and a width of 600μm. First, the glass substrate and the template are placed together in the plasma chamber and evacuated to a vacuum. Then, oxygen and argon are introduced, with a flow rate of 5sccm for both oxygen and argon, a pressure of 50Pa, and a plasma power of 200W. The process lasts for 10 minutes. After the process is completed, the glass substrate and the template are bonded together as tightly as possible.

[0050] (2) Preparation of photothermal coating: 5 wt.% carbon nanotubes, 10 wt.% curing agent and 85 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane were thoroughly stirred to obtain mixture A. Then, mixture A was filled into the laminated template and coated evenly in the pattern of the mask using a scraping method. The substrate and template were then placed in a vacuum oven and vacuumed to remove air bubbles from the medium. The temperature was then controlled at 85℃ for 30 minutes to allow mixture A to be in a semi-cured state. The sample was removed and the template was removed. Mixture B, which includes 10 wt.% curing agent and 90 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane, was filled into the area where the template was removed. The substrate was then placed in a vacuum oven and kept at 85℃ for 2 hours to allow mixture B to be fully cured.

[0051] (3) Preparation of nano-coating: The substrate treated in step (2) was placed back into the plasma chamber and evacuated to a vacuum. Oxygen was then introduced at a flow rate of 5 sccm and a pressure of 50 Pa. The plasma power was 200 W and the treatment lasted for 10 min. After the treatment, the substrate was transferred to the chemical vapor deposition chamber, evacuated to a vacuum, and dimethoxymethyl vinylsilane was introduced. The reaction pressure was maintained at 200 Pa and the reaction time was 1 hour. Then, excess dimethoxymethyl vinylsilane in the chamber was removed, and the entire chamber was heated to 120 °C. 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane was introduced and the pressure was maintained at 200 Pa. The modification and grafting lasted for 1 hour, and then the sample was taken out.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A method for preparing an anti-icing nanocoating includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Surface treatment: using Figure 1 The mask in 'a' serves as the template for the base. Figure 1 The mask pattern described in section a is rectangular in shape, with dimensions of 25*25mm, a pattern spacing of 1000μm, and a width of 600μm. First, the glass substrate and the template are placed together in the plasma chamber and evacuated to a vacuum. Then, oxygen and argon are introduced, with a flow rate of 5sccm for both oxygen and argon, and the pressure is maintained at 50Pa. The plasma power is input at 200W, and the treatment lasts for 20 minutes. After the treatment is completed, the glass substrate and the template are bonded together as tightly as possible.

[0055] (2) Preparation of photothermal coating: 1 wt.% carbon nanotubes, 10 wt.% curing agent and 89 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane were thoroughly stirred to obtain mixture A. Then, mixture A was filled into the template after lamination. The mixture A was uniformly filled into the pattern of the mask by scraping. Then, the substrate and the template were placed in a vacuum oven and vacuumed to remove air bubbles in the medium. The temperature was then controlled at 85℃ for 30 minutes to make mixture A semi-cured. The sample was removed and the template was removed. Mixture B, which includes 10 wt.% curing agent and 90 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane, was filled into the area where the template was removed. Then, the substrate was placed in a vacuum oven and kept at 85℃ for 2 hours to make mixture B completely cured.

[0056] (3) Preparation of nano-coating: The substrate treated in step (2) was placed in the plasma chamber again and evacuated to a vacuum. Oxygen was introduced at a flow rate of 5 sccm and the pressure was maintained at 50 Pa. The plasma power was 200 W and the treatment lasted for 10 min. After the treatment, the substrate was transferred to the chemical vapor deposition chamber, evacuated to a vacuum, and dimethoxymethyl vinylsilane was introduced. The reaction pressure was maintained at 200 Pa and the reaction time was 1 hour. Then, the excess dimethoxymethyl vinylsilane in the chamber was removed, and the entire chamber was heated to 120 °C. Trifluoropropanetrimethoxysilane was introduced and the pressure was maintained at 100 Pa. The modification and grafting lasted for 0.5 hours, and then the sample was taken out.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] The difference from Example 2 is that step (1) uses Figure 1 The mask in d serves as the template for the base, and Figure 1 The mask pattern described in step d is circular with a diameter of 500 μm; in step (2), carbon black of equal mass is used to replace carbon nanotubes, and the other steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] The difference from Example 2 is that step (1) uses Figure 1 The mask in d serves as the template for the base, and Figure 1 The mask pattern described in step d is circular with a diameter of 100 μm; in step (2), carbon black of equal mass is used to replace carbon nanotubes, and the other steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] The difference from Example 2 is that no nano-coating was prepared.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] The difference from Example 2 is that in step (1), the carbon nanotubes are replaced by an equal mass of polydimethylsiloxane in mixture A.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] The difference from Example 2 is that only plasma treatment is performed on the substrate and mask, without the preparation of photothermal coating and nano-coating.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] The difference from Example 2 is that in step (3), only dimethoxymethyl vinylsilane modification is performed, and fluorosilane modification is not performed.

[0069] Comparative Example 5

[0070] The difference from Example 2 is that in step (3), only trifluoropropanetrimethoxysilane modification is performed, and polysiloxane modification with multiple reactive groups is not performed.

[0071] Comparative Example 6

[0072] The difference from Example 2 is that the mixture A in step (2) includes 8 wt.% carbon nanotubes, 10 wt.% curing agent and 82 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane.

[0073] Comparative Example 7

[0074] The difference from Example 2 is that the mixture A in step (2) includes 1 wt.% carbon nanotubes, 15 wt.% curing agent and 84 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane.

[0075] experiment

[0076] The static contact angle and dynamic sliding angle of the prepared coatings were tested using a Kruss DSA100 contact angle meter. All static contact angles were measured using 5 μL water droplets, and dynamic sliding angles were measured using 20 μL water droplets. At least five different areas of each coating were measured, and the average value was taken as the final value. The water static contact angle (WCA) and dynamic sliding angle (WSA) of different samples are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Example 1 128° 14° Example 2 125.9° 15° Example 3 129° 15° Example 4 128.2° 15° Comparative Example 1 103.2° 28° Comparative Example 2 128.4° 15° Comparative Example 3 34° 74° Comparative Example 4 104.2° 34° Comparative Example 5 125.3° 26° Comparative Example 6 138° Unable to slip Comparative Example 7 134° 63°

[0079] As shown in Table 1, after surface hydrophobic modification, the water repellency of the anti-icing nano-coating prepared by this invention is significantly increased. In Comparative Example 6, due to the addition of excessive carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes failed to completely encapsulate within the polydimethylsiloxane, resulting in uneven film formation, rough surface, increased droplet sliding steric hindrance, and water droplets unable to slide off. In Comparative Example 7, excessive curing agent accelerated the curing speed of the polydimethylsiloxane itself, leading to incomplete degassing during vacuuming, resulting in fine pits on the surface, reduced overall light transmittance of the coating, increased droplet sliding steric hindrance, and affected the final performance of the coating.

[0080] Comparative Example 3, being untreated bare glass, exhibits a hydrophilic state with no hydrophobic or anti-icing properties. Comparative Example 4, lacking fluorosilane modification, has only single PDMS segments with double bonds on its surface, resulting in high surface energy. Furthermore, its surface exhibits chemical heterogeneity, leading to a low water contact angle and a large waterslip angle. Comparative Example 5, without prior preparation of flexible PDMS chains, while possessing a lower surface energy and a larger water contact angle due to the fluorinated surface, also suffers from poor chain flexibility and similar surface chemical heterogeneity, resulting in a relatively large waterslip angle. All of these factors negatively impact the removal of ice buildup during the anti-icing process.

[0081] Therefore, this invention employs a two-step grafting method to prepare a main chain with reactive side chains, and uses this as the second grafting site for secondary grafting to prepare a "tree"-like structure with both high flexibility and low surface energy. This avoids the formation of microscopic ice crystal anchors that would reduce the coating's anti-icing performance due to insufficient chain segments per unit area caused by steric hindrance and other effects.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, because the present invention uses a grid / dot patterning method to prepare the photothermal material conversion layer, the final coating has a high transmittance, with a transmittance of more than 80% in the visible light band.

[0083] like Figure 5-6 As shown, artificial solar irradiation was used in an environment with a room temperature of 15°C. After irradiation for 5 minutes, the surface temperature of Examples 1 and 2 increased by about 25°C. In Example 3, carbon black was used as the photothermal material, and the heating rate was lower than that of Examples 1 and 2, but it still reached 20°C after 5 minutes of irradiation, while the surface temperature of Comparative Example 2 only increased by about 10°C. With extended irradiation time, the surface temperature increase was not significant. The surface temperatures of Examples 1, 2, and 3 were significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 2. Figure 4 As shown, the embodiments of the present invention have good photothermal conversion effects.

[0084] like Figure 7-9As shown, under conditions of 65±5% humidity, -5℃ ambient temperature, and -15±2℃ substrate temperature, 25μl water droplets were placed on the surfaces of Example 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, respectively. After freezing for 30 minutes, the substrates were tilted at 30° and subjected to simulated solar irradiation using an artificial sun. In Example 2, the ice on the surface began to melt after 5 seconds of irradiation, and began to slide off after 10 seconds. With prolonged irradiation, the ice on the surface completely melted after 65 seconds. In contrast, the ice on the surface of the Comparative Example 2 sample only showed a melting trend after 25 seconds of irradiation, began to slide off after 35 seconds, and completely melted after 80 seconds of irradiation. The ice on the surfaces of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 began to melt at similar times, completely melting after 110 seconds. However, due to the absence of a low-surface-energy "bottlebrush" structure on the surface, and the presence of only short-chain methyl hydrophobic groups in the polydimethylsiloxane layer, the melted droplets could not spontaneously slide off at a 30° tilt angle.

[0085] The melting rate of ice on the surfaces of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 was similar to that of Example 2, but they could not slide when the ice began to melt at a 30° tilt angle, showing poor de-icing performance.

[0086] The coating iced under conditions of 65±5% humidity, -5℃ ambient temperature, and -15±2℃ substrate temperature, and melted under outdoor sunlight. Examples 1-3 maintained good anti-icing performance after 30 icing and melting cycles, demonstrating good coating stability.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an anti-icing nanocoating, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of photothermal coating: The substrate and the mask are placed in a plasma chamber for activation treatment, then the substrate and the mask are bonded together, and then the mixture A is filled into the bonded mask. After high-temperature curing, the mask is removed; finally, the mixture B is filled into the unfilled area of ​​the substrate, and after high-temperature curing, a photothermal coating is obtained on the surface of the substrate; the mixture A includes 0.5-5 wt.% photothermal material, 5-10 wt.% curing agent and 85-94.5 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane, and the mixture B includes 5-10 wt.% curing agent and 90-95 wt.% polydimethylsiloxane; (2) Preparation of nano-coating: The substrate treated in step (1) is placed in a plasma chamber for surface treatment, and then a siloxane monomer with multiple reactive groups is introduced for the first modification. After the reaction is completed, the unreacted siloxane in the chamber is removed, and a fluorinated siloxane with reactive groups is introduced for the second modification. After the reaction is completed, a nano-coating is obtained on the surface of the photothermal coating.

2. The method for preparing the anti-icing nanocoating as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The activation process in step (1) is as follows: the substrate and the mask are placed in a plasma chamber and evacuated to a vacuum, and then oxygen and / or argon are introduced to activate the surface.

3. The method for preparing the anti-icing nanocoating as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the cutout portion of the mask in step (1) includes at least one of rectangle, circle, and trapezoid.

4. The method for preparing the anti-icing nanocoating as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the photothermal material is at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon black, graphene, and MXene.

5. The method for preparing the anti-icing nanocoating as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the reactive groups in the siloxane monomer containing multiple reactive groups include at least one of silane, vinyl, chloro, ethoxy, methoxy, hydroxy, and amino groups.

6. The method for preparing the anti-icing nanocoating as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the reactive groups in the fluorosiloxane include at least one of vinyl, chloro, ethoxy, methoxy, and hydroxy groups.

7. The anti-icing nanocoating prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. The application of the anti-icing nano-coating as described in claim 7 in outdoor power equipment, outdoor intelligent monitoring equipment, and solar panels.

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