Three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator, comprising, from inside to outside of the interfacial photothermal evaporator, a three-dimensional foam ceramic substrate, an inner polydopamine hydrophilic layer, a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer and an outer polydopamine hydrophilic layer. The three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator has good stability, low cost, seawater corrosion resistance, and can significantly improve the solar absorption rate and the light-heat conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar seawater desalination technology, and specifically relates to a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Energy and the environment have become critical issues determining human sustainable development. The freshwater crisis, a growing global problem, poses a significant threat to our economy, environment, and society. Solar-powered interfacial photothermal evaporators can utilize solar energy to convert it into heat energy, thereby evaporating seawater to produce clean water. They offer advantages such as being green and pollution-free, and having sustainable energy utilization, making them a promising candidate for widespread application in seawater desalination.

[0003] Currently, most common interfacial photothermal evaporators are based on two-dimensional planar structures with low light absorption area, which limits the absorption of sunlight and the efficiency of photothermal conversion. Although three-dimensional interfacial photothermal evaporators can improve the efficiency of photothermal evaporation by increasing the area of ​​the solar absorption and photothermal evaporation interface, current three-dimensional interfacial photothermal evaporators are mostly based on organic foam, metal foam and carbon-based networks. In practical applications, they have shortcomings such as poor mechanical stability, weak resistance to seawater corrosion and high manufacturing cost.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a three-dimensional interfacial photothermal evaporator with good stability, low cost, resistance to seawater corrosion, and high solar absorption rate and photothermal conversion efficiency is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing interfacial photothermal evaporators have problems such as low solar light absorption and conversion efficiency, poor mechanical stability, weak seawater corrosion resistance and high manufacturing cost.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator, comprising: a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, a polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer, a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, and a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the interfacial photothermal evaporator.

[0007] In the first aspect, the mesh density of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​30-80 PPI.

[0008] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator. The method includes: preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix; forming a polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix to obtain a polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic; forming a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer on the outer surface of the polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer of the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain a polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic; and forming a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator.

[0009] In the second aspect, the preparation of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix includes: mixing alumina, kaolin, silica, ammonium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol and deionized water and then ball milling for 20 hours to obtain a ceramic slurry; impregnating polyurethane sponge in the ceramic slurry; and then extruding, drying and sintering to obtain the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix.

[0010] In the second aspect, the polyurethane foam has a pore density of 30-80 PPI; the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix has a pore density of 30-80 PPI.

[0011] In the second aspect, forming a polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix comprises: placing the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix in a first precursor solution and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 1 hour.

[0012] In the second aspect, the first precursor solution comprises 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate, and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5.

[0013] In the second aspect, the formation of a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer on the outer surface of the polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer of the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic comprises: placing the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic in a second precursor solution, adding ammonium persulfate dropwise to the second precursor solution, and carrying out an in-situ polymerization reaction for 3 hours.

[0014] In the second aspect, the second precursor solution comprises 1 mg / mL pyrrole; the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 22 mg / L.

[0015] In the second aspect, forming a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic comprises: placing the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic in a third precursor solution and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 1 hour; the third precursor solution comprises 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH value of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: This invention proposes a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator, comprising a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, an inner hydrophilic polydopamine layer, a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, and an outer hydrophilic polydopamine layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the evaporator. The polypyrrole light-absorbing layer provides efficient solar light absorption and photothermal conversion. Using foam ceramic as the three-dimensional matrix, the interfacial photothermal evaporator exhibits excellent stability and resistance to seawater corrosion due to the good stability, high thermal conductivity, simple preparation process, seawater corrosion resistance, and low cost of foam ceramic. High performance and low cost; furthermore, since the main component of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​alumina, it has excellent thermal conductivity, which can transfer the heat absorbed and converted by the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer to the entire three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface, thereby significantly improving the evaporation rate; and the large porosity of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix greatly isolates heat diffusion to the water body, confining the heat to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface, thus having good thermal insulation performance; through the inner hydrophilic layer and the outer hydrophilic layer of polydopamine, a water transport channel is provided, ensuring a sufficient water supply to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface. This invention, through an interfacial photothermal evaporator comprising a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, an inner hydrophilic layer of polydopamine, a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, and an outer hydrophilic layer of polydopamine, forms a multi-layer light-absorbing and water-absorbing layer structure, realizing a three-dimensional evaporation interface with three-dimensional water channels, exhibiting excellent stability, resistance to seawater corrosion, low cost, and effectively improving solar light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator in this embodiment of the invention.

[0019] Figure 2 These are the photothermal evaporation performance diagrams of the photothermal evaporators prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Furthermore, throughout this specification, unless otherwise specified, the terminology used herein should be understood as having the meaning commonly used in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In the event of any conflict, this specification shall prevail.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix interfacial photothermal evaporator, comprising: a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, a polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer, a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, and a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the interfacial photothermal evaporator.

[0025] Specifically, this invention proposes a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator, comprising a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, an inner polydopamine hydrophilic layer, a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, and an outer polydopamine hydrophilic layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the interfacial photothermal evaporator. The polypyrrole light-absorbing layer provides efficient solar light absorption and photothermal conversion. Using foam ceramic as the three-dimensional matrix, the interfacial photothermal evaporator exhibits excellent stability and resistance to seawater corrosion due to the good stability, high thermal conductivity, simple preparation process, seawater corrosion resistance, and low cost of foam ceramic. High performance and low cost; furthermore, since the main component of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​alumina, it has excellent thermal conductivity, which can transfer the heat absorbed and converted by the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer to the entire three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface, thereby significantly improving the evaporation rate; and the large porosity of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix greatly isolates heat diffusion to the water body, confining the heat to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface, thus having good thermal insulation performance; through the inner hydrophilic layer and the outer hydrophilic layer of polydopamine, a water transport channel is provided, ensuring a sufficient water supply to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface. This invention, through an interfacial photothermal evaporator comprising a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, an inner hydrophilic layer of polydopamine, a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, and an outer hydrophilic layer of polydopamine, forms a multi-layer light-absorbing and water-absorbing layer structure, realizing a three-dimensional evaporation interface with three-dimensional water channels, exhibiting excellent stability, resistance to seawater corrosion, low cost, and effectively improving solar light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0026] In some possible implementations, the mesh density of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​30-80 PPI.

[0027] This is because the mesh density of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​30-80 PPI, which gives the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix a large porosity. This greatly isolates the heat from diffusing into the water, confining the heat to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface, which can improve the photothermal evaporation efficiency and has good thermal insulation performance.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator. The preparation method includes: preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix; forming a polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix to obtain a polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic; forming a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer on the outer surface of the polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer of the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain a polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic; and forming a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator.

[0030] Specifically, this invention proposes a method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator. Using foam ceramic as the three-dimensional matrix, the interfacial photothermal evaporator exhibits excellent stability, seawater corrosion resistance, and low cost due to the good stability, high thermal conductivity, simple preparation process, seawater corrosion resistance, and low cost of foam ceramic. Furthermore, since the main component of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​alumina, it has excellent thermal conductivity, enabling the transfer of heat absorbed and converted by the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer to the entire three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface, thereby significantly improving the evaporation rate. Moreover, the large porosity of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix greatly isolates heat diffusion into the water body, confining the heat within the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface and providing excellent thermal insulation performance. The polypyrrole light-absorbing layer provides efficient solar light absorption and photothermal conversion. The inner and outer hydrophilic polydopamine layers provide water transport channels, ensuring a sufficient water supply to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface. This invention utilizes an interfacial photothermal evaporator comprising a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, an inner hydrophilic polydopamine layer, a light-absorbing polypyrrole layer, and an outer hydrophilic polydopamine layer to form a multi-layered light-absorbing and water-absorbing structure. This achieves a three-dimensional evaporation interface with three-dimensional water pathways, exhibiting excellent stability, resistance to seawater corrosion, low cost, and effectively improving solar light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the preparation of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix includes: mixing alumina, kaolin, silica, ammonium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol and deionized water and then ball milling for 20 hours to obtain a ceramic slurry; impregnating polyurethane sponge in the ceramic slurry; and then extruding, drying and sintering to obtain the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix.

[0032] This is because by using polyurethane foam, an organic foam, to impregnate a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, the organic foam has an open-cell three-dimensional network skeleton structure, which gives the resulting three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix high porosity and certain strength. Furthermore, the mesh density of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix can be controlled by the mesh density of the polyurethane foam.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the polyurethane foam has a mesh density of 30-80 PPI; the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix has a mesh density of 30-80 PPI.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will understand that by using a polyurethane foam with a pore density of 30-80 PPI, the pore density of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix can be controlled to be 30-80 PPI, resulting in a large porosity in the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix. This greatly isolates heat from diffusing into the water, confining the heat to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface, thereby improving the photothermal evaporation efficiency and providing good thermal insulation performance.

[0035] In some possible embodiments, forming a polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix includes: placing the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix in a first precursor solution and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 1 hour. The first precursor solution comprises 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate, and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5.

[0036] This is because the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​placed in a first precursor solution and subjected to in-situ polymerization for 1 hour. The first precursor solution includes 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate, and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5, which allows for free radical polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride in the first precursor solution to form a polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, thereby providing water transport channels and ensuring a sufficient water supply to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface.

[0037] In some possible embodiments, forming a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer on the outer surface of the inner hydrophilic layer of the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic comprises: placing the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic in a second precursor solution, adding ammonium persulfate dropwise to the second precursor solution, and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 3 hours. The second precursor solution contains 1 mg / mL pyrrole; the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 22 mg / L.

[0038] This is because polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic is placed in a second precursor solution, and ammonium persulfate is added dropwise to the second precursor solution for in-situ polymerization for 3 hours. The second precursor solution contains 1 mg / mL pyrrole; the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 22 mg / L. The in-situ polymerization reaction between the pyrrole and ammonium persulfate in the second precursor solution forms a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer on the outer surface of the hydrophilic layer of polydopamine in the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic, providing efficient solar light absorption and photothermal conversion.

[0039] In some possible embodiments, forming a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic comprises: placing the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic in a third precursor solution and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 1 hour; the third precursor solution comprises 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH value of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5.

[0040] Those skilled in the art will understand that the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic is placed in a third precursor solution and subjected to in-situ polymerization for 1 hour. The third precursor solution includes 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate, and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide. The pH of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5, which can be polymerized by free radicals of dopamine hydrochloride in the first precursor solution to form a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer on the surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic, thereby providing a water transport channel and ensuring a sufficient water supply to the three-dimensional photothermal evaporation interface.

[0041] To further illustrate the technical solution of this application and support the technical problem to be solved by this application, the preparation method of the three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator is illustrated in specific examples, such as Examples 3-5.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator was prepared using the following method:

[0044] Preparation of a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix; the preparation of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix includes: mixing alumina, kaolin, silica, ammonium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol and deionized water and ball milling for 20 hours to obtain a ceramic slurry; impregnating a polyurethane sponge with a mesh density of 30 PPI in the ceramic slurry; and then extruding, drying and sintering to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix with a mesh density of 30 PPI.

[0045] A polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer is formed on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix to obtain polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic (A-three-dimensional foam ceramic); the formation of the polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix includes: placing the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix in a first precursor solution and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 1 hour; the first precursor solution includes 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH value of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5.

[0046] A polypyrrole light-absorbing layer is formed on the outer surface of the hydrophilic layer within the polydopamine in the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic (YA-three-dimensional foam ceramic); the formation of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer on the outer surface of the hydrophilic layer within the polydopamine in the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic includes: placing the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic in a second precursor solution, adding 22 mg / L ammonium persulfate dropwise to the second precursor solution, and carrying out an in-situ polymerization reaction for 3 hours; the second precursor solution contains 1 mg / mL pyrrole.

[0047] A polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer is formed on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator (AYA-three-dimensional foam ceramic, where A is the polydopamine layer and Y is the polypyrrole layer); the formation of the polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic includes: placing the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic in a third precursor solution and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 1 hour; the third precursor solution includes 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH value of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.5.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] Another embodiment of the present invention differs from embodiment 3 in that:

[0050] A method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix interfacial photothermal evaporator, wherein the polyurethane foam has a mesh density of 50 PPI and the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix has a mesh density of 50 PPI.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] Another embodiment of the present invention differs from embodiment 3 in that:

[0053] A method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix interfacial photothermal evaporator, wherein the polyurethane foam has a mesh density of 80 PPI and the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix has a mesh density of 80 PPI.

[0054] Furthermore, the performance of the three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporators obtained in Examples 3-5 above will be compared and illustrated below by introducing Comparative Examples 1-3:

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] A three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​prepared by the following method, wherein the preparation method includes:

[0057] Alumina, kaolin, silica, ammonium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol and deionized water were mixed and ball-milled for 20 hours to obtain a ceramic slurry. A polyurethane sponge with a mesh density of 30 PPI was impregnated in the ceramic slurry and then extruded, dried and sintered to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix with a mesh density of 30 PPI.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] A three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​prepared by the following method, wherein the preparation method includes:

[0060] Alumina, kaolin, silica, ammonium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol and deionized water were mixed and ball-milled for 20 hours to obtain a ceramic slurry. A polyurethane sponge with a mesh density of 50 PPI was impregnated in the ceramic slurry and then extruded, dried and sintered to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix with a mesh density of 50 PPI.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] A three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​prepared by the following method, wherein the preparation method includes:

[0063] Alumina, kaolin, silica, ammonium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol and deionized water were mixed and ball-milled for 20 hours to obtain a ceramic slurry. A polyurethane sponge with a mesh density of 80 PPI was impregnated in the ceramic slurry and then extruded, dried and sintered to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix with a mesh density of 80 PPI.

[0064] The photothermal evaporation performance of the three-dimensional foam ceramic substrates in Comparative Examples 1-3 and the three-dimensional foam ceramic substrate interfacial photothermal evaporators prepared in Examples 3-5 was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1:

[0065] Table 1

[0066]

[0067] From Table 1 and Figure 2 As can be seen, in Examples 3-5 of the present invention, a significantly improved photothermal evaporation rate was achieved by coating the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix with multiple polymers. The present invention utilizes polydopamine to modify the surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic, resulting in excellent hydrophilic properties; and by coating with a polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, significantly improved solar light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency were achieved.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0069] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0070] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator, characterized in that, include: The three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix, polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer, polypyrrole light-absorbing layer, and polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the interfacial photothermal evaporator. The mesh density of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix is ​​30-80 PPI.

2. A method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: Preparation of three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix; A polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer is formed on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix to obtain polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic. A polypyrrole light-absorbing layer is formed on the outer surface of the inner hydrophilic layer of the polydopamine in the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic; A polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer is formed on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic to obtain a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator. The preparation of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix includes: ball milling alumina, kaolin, silica, ammonium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, silica sol and deionized water for 20 hours to obtain a ceramic slurry; impregnating polyurethane sponge in the ceramic slurry; and then extruding, drying and sintering to obtain the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix. The polyurethane foam has a mesh density of 30-80 PPI; the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix has a mesh density of 30-80 PPI. The formation of a polydopamine outer hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the polypyrrole light-absorbing layer of the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic comprises: placing the polypyrrole-polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic in a third precursor solution and performing an in-situ polymerization reaction for 1 hour; the third precursor solution comprises 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH value of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.

5.

3. The method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formation of the polydopamine inner hydrophilic layer on the outer surface of the three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix includes: The three-dimensional foam ceramic matrix was placed in the first precursor solution and subjected to in-situ polymerization for 1 hour.

4. The method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first precursor solution comprises 2 mg / mL dopamine hydrochloride, 0.05 mol / L hydrochloric acid buffer, 0.005 mol / L copper sulfate and 0.02 mol / L hydrogen peroxide; the pH of the hydrochloric acid buffer is 8.

5.

5. The method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator according to claim 4, characterized in that, A polypyrrole light-absorbing layer is formed on the outer surface of the inner hydrophilic layer of the polydopamine in the polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic. Polydopamine-three-dimensional foam ceramic was placed in a second precursor solution, and ammonium persulfate was added dropwise to the second precursor solution to carry out an in-situ polymerization reaction for 3 hours.

6. The method for preparing a three-dimensional foam ceramic-based interfacial photothermal evaporator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second precursor solution comprises 1 mg / mL pyrrole; the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 22 mg / L.

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