Self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy consumption device, which comprises a shell box, an electromagnetic energy consumption system for consuming blasting seismic wave energy is arranged in the shell box, the electromagnetic energy consumption system comprises a coil and an anti-seismic plate, one end of the coil is connected with a piston rod, the piston rod extends out of the shell box and is connected with the anti-seismic plate, the coil is connected with an electrical control system arranged in the shell box, a shock absorption air bag for supporting a tunnel is connected to the outer wall of the shell box, and a shock absorption spring is further connected between the shock absorption air bag and the shell box. The electromagnetic energy consumption system is used for consuming seismic wave energy, the anti-seismic plate is connected with the coil arranged in the shell box through the piston rod, the seismic wave impacting on the tunnel is reduced, the strength of the seismic wave generated in the blasting process is self-adjusted and reduced, compared with a traditional vibration reduction device, the device has higher intelligence, the propagation of the blasting seismic wave is reduced, and the device has important significance for improving the tunnel blasting construction efficiency, controlling the tunnel surrounding rock settlement and reducing the vibration damage of the tunnel lining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel blasting engineering technology, and in particular to a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device. Background Technology

[0002] Blasting excavation technology is one of the most commonly used technologies in domestic infrastructure construction. Compared with mechanical rock breaking technology, it has the advantages of a wide breaking area and deep excavation range, which greatly improves construction efficiency in infrastructure. However, in the field of tunnel construction, although the strong wave energy generated by blasting can break a large amount of rock, the residual seismic waves can easily affect the surrounding rock of the completed tunnel, making it difficult to control the settlement and deformation of the surrounding rock. At the same time, existing tunnel blasting vibration reduction measures are limited to seismic isolation during blasting and cannot provide vibration reduction protection for the completed tunnel. Therefore, it is urgent to design a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device to provide vibration reduction protection for the completed tunnel and control its surrounding rock settlement and lining damage.

[0003] Existing technology, such as the Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN220955648U and application date of 2023-10-31, discloses a blasting vibration damping device for tunnel construction. This device includes two fixed bases, each with a slidable support plate. A vibration damping device is fixedly mounted on the top surface of each support plate. An adjustment device is installed between the two fixed bases. This adjustment device includes a horizontal plate, with a motor mounted on the bottom surface of the horizontal plate. A threaded rod is fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor. An adjustment plate is fixedly connected between the two support plates, with the adjustment plate threaded onto the outer surface of the threaded rod. This patent allows adjustment of the support plates by turning on the motor, causing the threaded rod to lift the adjustment plate, which in turn lifts the reinforcing rod and connecting plate. This adjustment allows the vibration damping device to be adjusted according to the tunnel height, enabling it to contact the tunnel wall and support the tunnel, reducing the impact of blasting. However, this patent only addresses the contact between the vibration damping device and the tunnel surface, and does not provide vibration damping protection for the portion of the tunnel that cannot be self-adjusted. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device, which solves the problem that existing tunnel blasting vibration reduction measures are limited to vibration isolation during blasting and cannot provide vibration reduction and protection for the completed tunnel sections.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: A self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device includes a housing box, an electromagnetic energy dissipation system for dissipating the energy of blasting seismic waves is installed inside the housing box, the electromagnetic energy dissipation system includes a coil and an anti-vibration plate, one end of the coil is connected to a piston rod, the piston rod extends out of the housing box and is connected to the anti-vibration plate, the coil is connected to an electrical control system installed inside the housing box, and a shock-absorbing airbag for supporting the tunnel is connected to the outer wall of the housing box, and a shock-absorbing spring is also connected between the shock-absorbing airbag and the housing box.

[0006] Furthermore, the coil includes coil one and coil two, coil one is a DC coil and coil two is an AC coil. Coil one and coil two divide the interior of the housing into a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber in sequence. Electrorheological fluid is provided in both the second chamber and the third chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, the second coil is provided with several evenly distributed damping holes, and the second coil is connected to the piston rod, which is located in the third chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the length of the piston rod located in the third chamber is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the piston rod.

[0009] Furthermore, a spring four is connected to the coil one, the spring four is located in the first chamber, and the spring four is connected to the housing box.

[0010] Furthermore, a spring three is connected to the anti-vibration plate, a spring pad three is connected to the spring three, and the spring three is connected to the housing box.

[0011] Furthermore, the electrical control system includes a microcontroller, an inverter, and a transformer. The microcontroller is installed inside the housing and powered by a battery installed inside the housing. The microcontroller is connected to a vibration sensor installed on the anti-vibration plate. The microcontroller controls the transformer. The transformer outputs DC power to coil one and the inverter respectively. The inverter converts the DC power into AC power and then transmits it to coil two.

[0012] Furthermore, the shock-absorbing airbag includes an airbag one and several evenly distributed airbags two. The airbag one is installed on the top of the housing box, and the airbags two are symmetrically installed on the left and right side walls of the housing box.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the first airbag has an arc-shaped structure, and the lower part of the first airbag is connected to an airbag cushion.

[0014] Furthermore, the shock-absorbing spring includes several spring 1s and several spring 2s. One end of spring 1 is connected to airbag 2, and the other end of spring 1 is connected to the housing box. Both ends of spring 1 are provided with spring pad 1. One end of spring 2 is connected to airbag 1, and the other end of spring 2 is connected to the housing box. Both ends of spring 2 are provided with spring pad 2.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The electromagnetic energy consumption system is used to consume seismic wave energy. The anti-seismic plate is connected to the coil set in the shell box through the piston rod to reduce the seismic waves impacting the tunnel. It realizes self-adjustment of the intensity of seismic waves generated during blasting and vibration reduction. Compared with traditional vibration reduction devices, it has higher intelligence and reduces the propagation of blasting seismic waves. It is of great significance for improving the efficiency of tunnel blasting construction, controlling the settlement of tunnel surrounding rock, and reducing vibration damage to tunnel lining.

[0016] 2. Shock-absorbing airbags and shock-absorbing springs are installed on the outside of the shell box to buffer the impact between the airbags and the shell box. This achieves the goal of supporting the tunnel wall while avoiding the settlement problem caused by the vibration of seismic waves. It also achieves the goal of intelligent adjustment of vibration reduction and energy consumption during blasting, reduces the settlement of the surrounding rock of the completed tunnel caused by seismic waves during blasting, and effectively controls the deformation and damage of the lining.

[0017] 3. Coil 1 and Coil 2 are connected to the electrical control system. Coil 1 is a DC coil, and Coil 2 is an AC coil. The electrical control system is used to adjust the magnitude and direction of the induced magnetic field and the induced electric field in real time. Under the influence of the induced electric field strength, the viscosity and damping coefficient of the electrorheological fluid will change. Generally, when the electric field strength increases, the viscosity of the electrorheological fluid becomes thicker and the damping coefficient increases. The spring is continuously stretched and compressed under the mutual attraction and repulsion of the magnetic field, thereby pushing the coil to force the electrorheological fluid to flow through the damping hole in the three chambers to form a damping force to consume the energy of the blasting seismic wave.

[0018] 4. By integrating the electrical control system and the electromagnetic field energy dissipation device, the microcontroller analyzes the waveform signal of the vibration sensor to control the output voltage of the transformer and the frequency of the inverter's AC power. The DC power passes through coil one to form a magnetic field with variable magnitude but constant direction, while the AC power passes through coil two to form a magnetic field with variable magnitude and direction. Under the action of different magnetic fields and induced electric fields, the spring, under the action of cyclic tension and pressure, pushes the coil to force the electrorheological fluid to flow in each chamber to form a damping force, thereby dissipating the wave energy generated by the explosion. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is the invention Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of AA.

[0025] Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of BB in the middle.

[0026] Figure 7 This is the invention Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of CC.

[0027] Figure 8 This is the invention Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of DD.

[0028] Figure 9 This is an electrical equipment connection diagram of the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-Airbag 1; 2-Airbag pad; 3-Shell box; 4-Airbag 2; 5-Spring 1; 6-Spring pad 1; 7-Spring pad 3; 8-Shock plate; 9-Nut; 10-Piston rod; 11-Spring 2; 12-Spring pad 2; 13-Spring 3; 14-Battery; 15-Inverter; 16-Microcontroller; 17-Transformer; 18-Spring 4; 19-Coil 1; 20-Metrogenic fluid; 21-Coil 2; 22-Damping orifice; 23-Vibration sensor; 24-First chamber; 25-Second chamber; 26-Third chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figures 1-4As shown in Embodiment 1, a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device includes a housing 3. An electromagnetic energy dissipation system for dissipating the energy of blasting seismic waves is installed inside the housing 3. The electromagnetic energy dissipation system includes a coil and an anti-vibration plate 8. One end of the coil is connected to a piston rod 10, which extends out of the housing 3 and connects to the anti-vibration plate 8. The coil is connected to an electrical control system installed inside the housing 3. A shock-absorbing airbag for supporting the tunnel is connected to the outer wall of the housing 3, and a shock-absorbing spring is also connected between the shock-absorbing airbag and the housing 3. The electromagnetic energy dissipation system dissipates seismic wave energy. The anti-vibration plate 8 is connected to the coil inside the housing 3 via the piston rod 10, reducing the seismic waves impacting the tunnel. This achieves self-adjusting vibration reduction of the intensity of seismic waves generated during blasting. Compared to traditional vibration reduction devices, this device is more intelligent, reduces the propagation of blasting seismic waves, and is of great significance for improving tunnel blasting construction efficiency, controlling tunnel surrounding rock settlement, and reducing vibration damage to tunnel lining.

[0032] Specifically, the interior of the shell box 3 is divided into two chambers, with the electromagnetic energy dissipation system and the electrical control system located in different chambers. The electrical control system controls the electromagnetic energy dissipation system and works in conjunction with the anti-seismic plate 8 and piston rod 10 to weaken seismic waves. Shock-absorbing airbags and shock-absorbing springs are installed outside the shell box 3 to buffer the impact between the airbags and the shell box 3. This achieves support for the tunnel wall while preventing tunnel settlement caused by seismic wave vibrations, realizing the goal of intelligently adjusting vibration reduction and energy dissipation during blasting, reducing settlement of the already constructed tunnel surrounding rock caused by seismic waves during blasting, and effectively controlling lining deformation and damage.

[0033] In this embodiment, the coil includes a first coil 19 and a second coil 21. The first coil 19 is a DC coil, and the second coil 21 is an AC coil. The DC and AC coils work together to generate a matching magnetic field. The first coil 19 and the second coil 21 divide the interior of the housing 3 into a first chamber 24, a second chamber 25, and a third chamber 26. Both the second and third chambers 25 and 26 contain electrorheological fluid 20 and a gas floating zone, which works with the electrorheological fluid 20 to prevent the spring 4 18 from being compressed due to the expansion of the fluid. The electrorheological fluid 20, in conjunction with the DC and AC coils, gradually thickens as the electric field strength increases, thus increasing the damping coefficient. The second coil 21 has several uniformly distributed damping holes 22 for generating damping force during the flow of the electrorheological fluid 20. The second coil 21 is connected to a piston rod 10, which is located within the third chamber 26. The piston rod 10, located within the third chamber 26, has a length of 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of its total length, designed to prevent the coil 21 from colliding with the housing 3. The piston rod 10 slides securely on the housing 3. A spring 18 is connected to the coil 19, located within the first chamber 24 and connected to the housing 3. The spring 18 buffers the impact on the coil 19, protecting it while also providing some space for the electrorheological fluid 20 to move. The damping hole 22 on the coil 21 prevents the spring 18 from remaining in a compressed state due to current damping between the coil 19 and coil 21.

[0034] In this embodiment, a spring 13 is connected to the anti-seismic plate 8, and the spring 13 is connected to the housing 3. A spring pad 7 is connected to the spring 13. The anti-seismic plate 8 is connected to the housing 3 via the spring 13, and the spring 13 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the piston rod 10. The anti-seismic plate 8 transmits the seismic wave energy to the coil 21 through the piston rod 10, and then consumes the shock wave under the action of the electrorheological fluid 20. The spring 13 can also assist in the reset of the anti-seismic plate 8. The piston rod 10 moves in the third chamber 26. Under the condition that the electrical control system is used to adjust the magnitude and direction of the induced magnetic field and the induced electric field in real time, the viscosity and damping coefficient of the electrorheological fluid 20 will change due to the influence of the induced electric field strength. Generally, when the electric field strength becomes stronger, the viscosity of the electrorheological fluid 20 becomes thicker and the damping coefficient becomes larger. The spring is continuously stretched and compressed under the mutual attraction and repulsion of the magnetic field, thereby pushing the coil to force the electrorheological fluid 20 to flow through the damping hole 22 in the chamber to form a damping force to consume the energy of the blasting seismic wave.

[0035] In this embodiment, the electrical control system includes a microcontroller 16, an inverter 15, and a transformer 17. The microcontroller 16 is installed inside the housing 3 and powered by a battery 14 installed inside the housing 3. The microcontroller 16 is connected to a vibration sensor mounted on the anti-seismic plate 8. The microcontroller 16 is connected to a vibration sensor 23 via a data cable. The vibration sensor 23 is installed on the side of the anti-seismic plate 8 facing the housing 3, which can avoid damage to the sensor caused by seismic wave energy and also facilitates precise control of seismic wave energy. The microcontroller 16 controls the transformer 17, which is connected to an electrical circuit. The microcontroller 16 can control the output current of the transformer 17, thereby controlling the coil. The DC output of the transformer 17 is transmitted to coil 19 and the inverter 15 respectively. The inverter 15 converts the DC power into AC power and then transmits it to coil 21. The microcontroller 16 analyzes the waveform signal of the vibration sensor 23 to control the output voltage of the transformer 17 and the frequency of the AC power of the inverter 15. The DC power passes through the coil 19 to form a magnetic field with variable magnitude and constant direction. The AC power passes through the coil 21 to form a magnetic field with variable magnitude and direction. Under the action of different magnetic fields and induced electric fields, the spring pushes the coil under the action of cyclic tension and pressure, forcing the electrorheological fluid 20 to flow in each chamber to form a damping force to consume the wave energy generated by the explosion.

[0036] like Figure 9As shown in Embodiment 2, a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device differs from Embodiment 1 in that the vibration-damping airbag includes an airbag 1 and several evenly distributed airbags 4. Airbag 1 is installed on the top of the housing 3, and airbags 4 are symmetrically installed on the left and right side walls of the housing 3. Airbags 4 have a rectangular structure. Six airbags 4 are provided on each of the two side walls of the housing 3 that are in contact with the tunnel wall. Each airbag 4 independently supports the tunnel wall, making it more adaptable to seismic waves generated by tunnel rupture and providing better support. The top of airbag 1 has an arc-shaped structure, and an airbag pad 2 is connected to the lower part of airbag 1. The arc-shaped top better adapts to the tunnel roof, providing better support. The airbag pad 2 supports airbag 1. The shock-absorbing springs include several springs 5 ​​and several springs 11. One end of spring 5 is connected to airbag 4, and the other end of spring 5 is connected to the housing 3. Spring 5 has spring pads 6 at both ends. Spring 5 includes four high-strength springs with tensile and compressive elasticity, which are installed between two spring pads 12 to form spring 5. Each airbag 4 corresponds to one spring 5. One end of spring 11 is connected to airbag 1, and the other end of spring 11 is connected to the housing 3. Spring 11 has spring pads 12 at both ends. Spring 11 includes four high-strength springs with tensile and compressive elasticity, which are installed between two spring pads 6 to form spring 11. Six springs 11 are installed on the airbag pad 2 and connect the airbag 1 to the housing 3. The six springs 11 support the airbag 1, control tunnel surrounding rock settlement, and reduce lining vibration damage.

[0037] All other structures are the same as in Example 1.

[0038] Specifically, a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration damping and energy dissipation device includes a housing 3, an electrical control system, and an electromagnetic energy dissipation system. The housing 3 is externally equipped with shock-absorbing springs 1-5, 2-11, 1-1 airbag, and 4-4 airbag. The electrical control system includes a vibration sensor 23, a microcontroller 16, a battery 14, a transformer 17, and an inverter 15. The electromagnetic energy dissipation system includes coil 1-19, coil 2-21, spring 3-13, spring 4-18, electrorheological fluid 20, a piston rod 10, and a shock-absorbing plate 8.

[0039] The housing 3 is connected to the airbag pad 2 and airbag 1 through spring pad 2 12 and spring 2 11; the housing 3 is connected to the shock-absorbing plate 8 through piston rod 10 and spring 3 13, and the end of piston rod 10 is fixed with nut 9 to prevent the shock-absorbing plate 8 from sliding out; the housing 3 is connected to the airbag 4 through spring pad 1 6 and spring 1 5.

[0040] In the electrical control system, the battery 14, inverter 15, microcontroller 16, and transformer 17 are fixed inside the housing 3 at one end of the anti-vibration plate 8, and the vibration sensor 23 is fixed on the side of the anti-vibration plate 8 near the housing 3.

[0041] In the electromagnetic energy dissipation system, coil 19 and coil 21 are both arranged inside the housing 3. Damping holes 22 are provided on the coils. Spring 4 18 is arranged in the first chamber and connects coil 19 and the inner wall of the housing 3. Electrorheological fluid 20 is placed in the second chamber 25 and the third chamber 26. Coil 1 and coil 2 are dynamically sealed with the housing to ensure the damping effect of the damping holes.

[0042] like Figures 1-9 As shown in Example 3, a self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device mainly includes a housing, an electrical control system, and an electromagnetic energy dissipation system. The housing is made of composite high-strength material, providing spatial layout and lateral stiffness support. Shock-absorbing springs and airbags are installed outside the housing to control the settlement of the surrounding rock and the stability of the tunnel lining during blasting, reducing vibration damage to the tunnel lining. The electrical control system includes a vibration sensor, a microcontroller, a battery, a transformer, and an inverter. The vibration sensor transmits the acquired blasting vibration waveform signal to the microcontroller, which controls the output voltage of the transformer and the frequency of the AC power from the inverter based on the waveform signal to achieve the self-adjusting vibration reduction control. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic energy dissipation system includes coil one, coil two, spring three, spring four, electrorheological fluid, piston rod, and anti-vibration plate. Under the condition that the electrical device adjusts the magnitude and direction of the induced magnetic field and induced electric field in real time, the viscosity and damping coefficient of the electrorheological fluid will change due to the influence of the induced electric field strength. Generally, when the electric field strength increases, the viscosity of the electrorheological fluid becomes thicker and the damping coefficient increases. The springs are continuously stretched and compressed under the mutual attraction and repulsion of the magnetic field, thereby pushing the coils to force the electrorheological fluid to flow through the damping holes in the three chambers to form a damping force, so as to dissipate the energy of the blasting seismic wave.

[0043] In this embodiment, spring one, spring two, airbag one, and airbag two are installed on the outside of the shell box. The shock-absorbing spring is connected to the shell box through spring pads, and the airbag is connected to the spring through airbag pads. This is mainly to control the settlement of the surrounding rock of the tunnel and reduce the vibration damage to the lining.

[0044] In this embodiment, the housing is made of high-strength composite material, and the internal layout space includes upper and lower placement areas for electrical devices, a coil placement area, and an electrorheological fluid chamber area.

[0045] In this embodiment, the transformer and inverter are equipped with a data receiving panel and a speed control panel. The data receiving panel is used to receive the voltage value calculated by the microcontroller, and the speed control panel is used to adjust the output voltage and frequency.

[0046] In this embodiment, the current output by the transformer is transmitted to coil one and the inverter, and the inverter converts the DC power into AC power and then transmits it to coil two.

[0047] In this embodiment, the vibration sensor and the microcontroller can be connected by a data cable or wireless signal. The vibration sensor is located on the anti-vibration plate, and the microcontroller is powered by a battery.

[0048] In this embodiment, the electrorheological fluid responds quickly to the electric field intensity, and the induced electric field generated by the coil can change the viscosity of the electrorheological fluid, i.e., the damping coefficient.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first chamber, the second chamber, and the third chamber have a certain gas floating area to prevent the spring from being compressed after the electrochemical liquid expands in volume.

[0050] In this embodiment, a certain number of damping holes are provided on the coil to generate damping force for the flow of electrorheological fluid.

[0051] In this embodiment, the current flowing through coil one is direct current, forming a magnetic field and an induced electric field with variable magnitude but constant direction; the current flowing through coil two is alternating current, forming a magnetic field and an induced electric field with variable magnitude and direction.

[0052] In this embodiment, spring one, spring two, spring three and spring four are all high-strength springs with tensile and compressive elasticity.

[0053] In this embodiment, the piston rod is located at the geometric center of coil two and the anti-vibration plate. It is welded to coil two and fixed to the anti-vibration plate by a nut. The length of the piston rod extending into the housing is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of its total length to avoid collision between coil two and housing.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device, characterized in that: The enclosure includes a housing (3), which is equipped with an electromagnetic energy dissipation system for consuming the energy of blasting seismic waves. The electromagnetic energy dissipation system includes a coil and a seismic plate (8). One end of the coil is connected to a piston rod (10), which extends out of the housing (3) and is connected to the seismic plate (8). The coil is connected to an electrical control system installed inside the housing (3). A shock-absorbing airbag for supporting the tunnel is connected to the outer wall of the housing (3). A shock-absorbing spring is also connected between the shock-absorbing airbag and the housing (3). The coil includes coil one (19) and coil two (21). Coil one (19) is a DC coil and coil two (21) is an AC coil. Coil one (19) and coil two (21) divide the interior of the housing (3) into a first chamber (24), a second chamber (25) and a third chamber (26) in sequence. Electrorheological fluid (20) is provided in both the second chamber (25) and the third chamber (26). The electrical control system includes a microcontroller (16), an inverter (15), and a transformer (17). The microcontroller (16) is installed inside the housing (3) and powered by a battery (14) installed inside the housing (3). The microcontroller (16) is connected to a vibration sensor installed on the anti-vibration plate (8). The microcontroller (16) controls the connection of the transformer (17). The transformer (17) outputs DC power to coil one (19) and the inverter (15) respectively. The inverter (15) converts the DC power into AC power and then transmits it to coil two (21). The shock-absorbing airbag includes an airbag one (1) and several evenly distributed airbags two (4). The airbag one (1) is installed on the top of the housing (3), and the airbags two (4) are symmetrically installed on the left and right side walls of the housing (3). The second coil (21) is provided with several uniformly distributed damping holes (22), the second coil (21) is connected to the piston rod (10), and the piston rod (10) is located in the third chamber (26); the first coil (19) is connected to the fourth spring (18), the fourth spring (18) is located in the first chamber (24), and the fourth spring (18) is connected to the housing (3); The electrical control system is used to adjust the magnitude and direction of the induced magnetic field and the induced electric field in real time; the spring four (18) is continuously stretched and compressed under the mutual attraction and repulsion of the magnetic field, thereby pushing the coil to force the electrorheological fluid to flow through the damping hole (22) in the three chambers to form a damping force to consume the energy of the blasting seismic wave.

2. The self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the piston rod (10) located in the third chamber (26) is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the piston rod (10).

3. The self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seismic plate (8) is connected to a spring three (13), and a spring pad three (7) is connected to the spring three (13). The spring three (13) is connected to the shell box (3).

4. The self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the airbag (1) is an arc-shaped structure, and the lower part of the airbag (1) is connected to the airbag pad (2).

5. The self-adjusting tunnel blasting vibration reduction and energy dissipation device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The shock-absorbing spring includes several springs one (5) and several springs two (11). One end of spring one (5) is connected to airbag two (4), and the other end of spring one (5) is connected to the housing box (3). Both ends of spring one (5) are provided with spring pad one (6). One end of spring two (11) is connected to airbag one (1), and the other end of spring two (11) is connected to the housing box (3). Both ends of spring two (11) are provided with spring pad two (12).

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