Gradient composite materials based on gel surface confinement, their preparation methods and applications

By forming confined regions on fibers and introducing a ceramicizable resin layer, the problem of insufficient antioxidant properties of carbon aerogels was solved, and a gradient composite material with a gradient distribution was prepared, achieving good ablation resistance and thermal insulation properties, making it suitable for high-temperature environments.

CN118479901BActive Publication Date: 2026-07-17WUHAN UNIV OF TECH
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
WUHAN UNIV OF TECH
Filing Date
2024-06-05
Publication Date
2026-07-17

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing carbon aerogels have insufficient antioxidant properties, interpenetrating network aerogels have poor mechanical properties, antioxidant coatings have weak adhesion, and chemical grafting methods have limited silicon component content, which cannot meet the requirements of long-term high-temperature and oxygen-rich environments.

Method used

A pre-occupied gel is used to form a confined region on the fiber. After high-temperature carbonization, the confined region is released and a ceramicizable resin layer is introduced. By controlling the thickness of the pre-occupied gel, a gradient distribution between the carbon aerogel layer and the ceramicizable resin layer is achieved, forming a gradient composite material based on the confinement of the gel surface.

Benefits of technology

The prepared composite material has good ablation resistance and thermal insulation properties, low density, and is suitable for high-temperature applications. It meets the needs of large-area preparation, avoids the defect of delamination and peeling, and achieves multiple performance improvements of the material.

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Abstract

This invention discloses a gradient composite material based on gel surface confinement, its preparation method, and its application. The gradient composite material uses carbon aerogel as the matrix and fibers as the reinforcement. Partial regions of the fibers are attached with pre-occupied gel, while the remaining regions are attached with phenolic aerogel. After high-temperature carbonization, the pre-occupied gel is released, and a ceramicizable resin layer is formed in the resulting region. This ceramicizable resin layer contains fillers distributed in a gradient. The phenolic aerogel is transformed into carbon aerogel after high-temperature carbonization. The prepared composite material achieves carbon fixation and ablation resistance by consuming and isolating oxygen, while avoiding delamination defects. The prepared gradient composite material based on gel surface confinement exhibits a controllable gradient, good thermal insulation performance, low density, good mechanical properties, and ablation resistance. It can be prepared on a large scale to meet various application requirements.
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