A liquid hydrogen high-pressure pre-cooling system using cold energy and a method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling systems of cold energy utilization and method thereof, belong to liquid hydrogen technical field.The precooling system liquid hydrogen filling tank main body structure, liquid hydrogen filling pipeline, liquid hydrogen supply tank, fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline and hydrogen cooling pipeline.Fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline is respectively pipeline outer wall, vacuum interlayer, pipeline middle wall, filler flow passage and pipeline inner wall from outside to inside.Liquid hydrogen filling inner tank outside is set to wall cooling screen, for cooling liquid hydrogen filling inner tank.The system uses high-pressure liquid hydrogen to precool, effectively reduce the superheat degree of liquid hydrogen and tank wall, reduce the duration of gas film;In addition, the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen after throttling and the cold energy generated by the conversion of para-hydrogen are used to precool the inner wall of liquid hydrogen pipeline in both directions, which greatly reduces the cooling time of the pipeline and realizes the full use of the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of liquid hydrogen technology, specifically relating to a high-pressure precooling system and method for utilizing cold energy in liquid hydrogen. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, liquid hydrogen, as a highly efficient storage and transportation method, has shown a more significant advantage over gaseous hydrogen in the large-scale development of the hydrogen energy industry. In the field of fuel cells, many industrial hydrogen products fail to meet the high purity requirements of fuel cells, while liquid hydrogen technology can effectively control the content of impurities such as sulfur and chlorine, thus providing purer hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen technology is not only suitable for fuel cells but also widely used in semiconductors, vacuum materials, silicon wafers, and optical fibers. These fields have extremely high requirements for hydrogen purity.

[0003] In the intermediate storage and transportation of hydrogen energy, large-scale storage and transportation remains a bottleneck for hydrogen energy development. Liquid hydrogen, as the optimal storage and transportation method, enables large-scale and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen. During liquid hydrogen refueling or transfer, a precooling system is an indispensable step, ensuring that liquid hydrogen remains at a low temperature during transportation and storage. The precooling process includes cleaning, displacement, and medium cooling. However, the temperature of liquid hydrogen is extremely low, typically around 20K (approximately -253°C), requiring the temperature of pipelines and containers to also be reduced to extremely low levels. Furthermore, due to the time required for heat conduction, cooling large containers and long pipelines to liquid hydrogen temperatures takes a considerable amount of time. In addition, to ensure that all parts of the system reach the required temperature, the precooling process requires even more time to achieve a uniform temperature distribution. These steps require strict control and monitoring to ensure the safety and stability of liquid hydrogen during transportation and storage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a liquid hydrogen precooling system that can reduce precooling time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system and method for utilizing cold energy. The precooling process uses high-pressure liquid hydrogen delivered under self-pressurization to reduce the impact of the gas film on wall cooling, improve precooling efficiency, and generate additional cooling capacity through throttling. The precooling time is further reduced by a designed wall-mounted cold shield and fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization, comprising a liquid hydrogen filling tank main structure, a liquid hydrogen filling pipeline, a liquid hydrogen supply tank, a fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline and a hydrogen cooling pipeline; the liquid hydrogen filling tank main structure comprises a liquid hydrogen filling inner tank and a liquid hydrogen filling outer tank, and the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank is disposed inside the liquid hydrogen filling outer tank;

[0007] The rapid cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline consists of an outer wall, a middle wall, and an inner wall from the outside in. The outer wall and the middle wall are provided with vacuum jackets for efficient heat insulation. The space between the middle wall and the inner wall is a filler channel for filling the secondary positive hydrogen conversion catalyst. The interior of the inner wall is the central channel for liquid hydrogen flow during pre-cooling.

[0008] A wall-mounted cooling screen is installed on the outside of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank for cooling the tank; an venting pipeline and a pressurization pipeline are installed at the top of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank, and a first venting valve and a hydrogen pressurization valve are respectively installed on the venting pipeline and the pressurization pipeline; a liquid hydrogen refueling pipeline and a delivery pipeline are installed at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank; a liquid hydrogen delivery valve is installed on the delivery pipeline;

[0009] The liquid hydrogen filling pipeline is connected in sequence to the liquid hydrogen supply tank, the liquid hydrogen supply valve, the central flow channel of the fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline, the liquid hydrogen valve, the liquid hydrogen metering element, and the liquid hydrogen filling valve to the bottom of the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank, where the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen supply tank is used for pre-cooling and filling.

[0010] The hydrogen cooling pipeline is sequentially connected to the top of the liquid hydrogen filling tank, the hydrogen reflux valve, the wall-mounted cold shield, the hydrogen throttling valve, the throttling element, and the filler channel in the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline, and uses the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen for rapid pre-cooling; the hydrogen cooling pipeline has a branch for venting hydrogen during liquid hydrogen storage through a second vent valve.

[0011] Preferably, the outer wall, middle wall, and inner wall of the pipeline are all made of stainless steel.

[0012] Preferably, a vacuum environment is formed between the inner liquid hydrogen filling tank and the outer liquid hydrogen filling tank, and multiple layers of radiation shielding are provided for heat insulation.

[0013] Preferably, the outlets of both the pressurization pipeline and the delivery pipeline are connected to external equipment via flanges.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen valve is a ball valve, a gate valve, a regulating valve, or a safety valve; the liquid hydrogen metering element is a mass flow meter, a level gauge, a flow rate meter, a temperature sensor, or a pressure sensor.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen supply tank uses a self-pressurization method for liquid hydrogen transportation.

[0016] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline, the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen cooling pipeline are all externally insulated to prevent heat leakage.

[0017] Preferably, the filler channel is filled with particulate secondary hydrogen conversion catalyst to reduce thermal resistance.

[0018] Preferably, the wall-mounted cooling screen and the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank are processed into a single unit to reduce contact thermal resistance.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for utilizing the high-pressure liquid hydrogen precooling system described in the first aspect, the specific process of which is as follows:

[0020] S1: Pre-cooling stage:

[0021] Open the liquid hydrogen supply valve, liquid hydrogen valve, liquid hydrogen filling valve, hydrogen reflux valve, and hydrogen throttle valve; the liquid hydrogen supply tank enters a high-pressure supply state through self-pressurization; the high-pressure liquid hydrogen enters the central flow channel of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline through the liquid hydrogen supply valve to cool the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline, and then sequentially enters the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank through the liquid hydrogen valve, liquid hydrogen metering element, and liquid hydrogen filling valve to pre-cool the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank; the high-pressure hydrogen generated during the pre-cooling process enters the hydrogen cooling pipeline through the hydrogen reflux valve; it first enters the wall-mounted cooler... The screen cools the liquid hydrogen filling tank from the outside, reducing the pre-cooling time of the liquid hydrogen filling tank; then, it enters the throttling element through the hydrogen throttling valve for throttling and cooling, changing the high-pressure hydrogen into low-temperature, low-pressure hydrogen, and enters the filler channel of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline; the low-temperature, low-pressure hydrogen begins to undergo a secondary-positive conversion under the action of the filled secondary-positive hydrogen catalyst, further generating cooling capacity, cooling the middle wall and inner wall of the pipeline, reducing the pre-cooling time of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline, and then the hydrogen flows out of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline and is vented;

[0022] Continue the above process until the temperature of the central flow channel of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen filling tank reach the temperature of liquid hydrogen. At this time, pre-cooling is completed. Close the hydrogen reflux valve and the hydrogen throttle valve.

[0023] S2: Betting Phase

[0024] Open the first vent valve; the liquid hydrogen supply tank enters the low-pressure filling state through self-pressurization, and the liquid hydrogen is added sequentially through the liquid hydrogen supply valve, the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline, the liquid hydrogen valve, the liquid hydrogen metering element, and the liquid hydrogen filling valve into the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank. When the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank reaches the specified level, the filling is completed, and the liquid hydrogen supply valve, the liquid hydrogen valve, and the liquid hydrogen filling valve are closed.

[0025] S3: Storage stage:

[0026] Open the hydrogen reflux valve and the second vent valve, and close the first vent valve; the low-temperature hydrogen generated by liquid hydrogen storage enters the wall-mounted cold shield through the hydrogen reflux valve, cooling the liquid hydrogen filling tank from the outside and reducing the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization during storage, and then vents through the second vent valve.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] (1) The precooling system provided by the present invention uses high-pressure liquid hydrogen for precooling, which effectively reduces the superheat of liquid hydrogen and tank wall and reduces the duration of gas film, thereby significantly improving cooling efficiency; the vaporized high-pressure hydrogen generates cooling through the throttling element, and this cooling is used for the cooling of subsequent liquid hydrogen pipelines, further improving the cooling performance of the system.

[0029] (2) The precooling system provided by the present invention utilizes the cooling capacity after the low-temperature hydrogen is throttled and the cooling capacity generated by the conversion of secondary positive hydrogen to precool the inner wall of the liquid hydrogen pipeline in both directions. This design greatly reduces the cooling time of the pipeline and makes full use of the cooling capacity of the low-temperature hydrogen.

[0030] (3) In the precooling system provided by the present invention, the wall-mounted cold screen is closely connected to the outside of the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank, which not only reduces the precooling time, but also reduces the evaporation of liquid hydrogen during the storage stage, thereby improving the economy and safety of the entire system. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system provided by the present invention;

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Liquid hydrogen filling pipeline; 2. Liquid hydrogen supply tank; 3. Liquid hydrogen supply valve; 4. Fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline; 5. Pipeline outer wall; 6. Vacuum jacket; 7. Pipeline intermediate wall; 8. Filler flow channel; 9. Pipeline inner wall; 10. Central flow channel; 11. Liquid hydrogen valve; 12. Liquid hydrogen metering element; 13. Liquid hydrogen filling valve; 14. Liquid hydrogen filling inner tank; 15. Liquid hydrogen filling outer tank; 16. First vent valve; 17. Hydrogen pressurization valve; 18. Flange; 19. Liquid hydrogen delivery valve; 20. Hydrogen cooling pipeline; 21. Hydrogen reflux valve; 22. Wall-mounted cooling screen; 23. Throttling element; 24. Hydrogen throttling valve; 25. Second vent valve. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. Technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without mutual conflict.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be a direct connection to the other element or an indirect connection, i.e., there is an intermediate element. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there is no intermediate element.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "low temperature" and "high temperature" (e.g., "low temperature hydrogen") refer to high or low temperatures relative to the temperature of the same medium in the same passage, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the temperature value of the indicated technical feature. Similarly, the terms "high pressure" and "low pressure" (e.g., "high pressure hydrogen" and "low pressure hydrogen") refer to high or low pressure relative to the pressure of the same medium in the same passage, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the pressure value of the indicated technical feature.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high-pressure precooling system for utilizing cold energy of liquid hydrogen is provided. This precooling system mainly includes a liquid hydrogen refueling tank main structure, a liquid hydrogen refueling pipeline 1, a liquid hydrogen supply tank 2, a fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4, and a hydrogen cooling pipeline 20. The liquid hydrogen refueling tank main structure includes an inner liquid hydrogen refueling tank 14 and an outer liquid hydrogen refueling tank 15, with the inner liquid hydrogen refueling tank 14 disposed within the outer liquid hydrogen refueling tank 15.

[0038] To minimize heat loss of liquid hydrogen within the inner liquid hydrogen refueling tank and prevent external heat from entering the inner tank, a vacuum environment is created between the inner liquid hydrogen refueling tank 14 and the outer liquid hydrogen refueling tank 15 in this embodiment. A vacuum environment is an excellent insulation method, virtually eliminating heat transfer via convection and conduction. Furthermore, multiple layers of radiation shielding are installed between the inner liquid hydrogen refueling tank 14 and the outer liquid hydrogen refueling tank 15. These shielding layers are typically made of reflective materials, which reflect thermal radiation, reducing heat entry into the inner tank via radiation and further enhancing insulation.

[0039] In the system of this invention, the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4 comprises three stainless steel pipe walls, from the outside to the inside: an outer pipe wall 5, a middle pipe wall 7, and an inner pipe wall 9. A vacuum jacket 6 is provided between the outer pipe wall 5 and the middle pipe wall 7 for efficient heat insulation. A packing channel 8 for filling a secondary orthohydrogen conversion catalyst is located between the middle pipe wall 7 and the inner pipe wall 9. The interior of the inner pipe wall 9 forms a central flow channel 10 for the flow of liquid hydrogen during pre-cooling.

[0040] It should be noted that liquid hydrogen consists of two forms of hydrogen molecules: secondary hydrogen and orthohydrogen. The conversion of secondary hydrogen to orthohydrogen absorbs heat, producing a cooling effect. Under adiabatic conditions, this process can generate additional cooling. In this embodiment, the filler channel 8 is filled with particulate secondary-to-orthohydrogen conversion catalyst. The particulate catalyst has a larger surface area, providing more active sites and accelerating the catalytic reaction. Furthermore, the high surface area of ​​the particulate catalyst reduces heat accumulation within individual particles. Thus, heat can be transferred from the catalyst surface to the surrounding environment more quickly, reducing the overall thermal resistance. This invention does not limit the specific type of secondary-to-orthohydrogen conversion catalyst; those skilled in the art can select a suitable catalyst according to their needs.

[0041] In the system of this invention, a wall-mounted cooling shield 22 is provided on the outside of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank 14 for cooling the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank 14. An venting pipeline and a pressurizing pipeline are provided at the top of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank 14. A first venting valve 16 is provided on the venting pipeline, and a hydrogen pressurizing valve 17 is provided on the pressurizing pipeline. A liquid hydrogen refueling pipeline 1 and a delivery pipeline are provided at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank 14. A liquid hydrogen delivery valve 19 is provided on the delivery pipeline. In this embodiment, the outlet of the pressurizing pipeline and the outlet of the delivery pipeline are both connected to external equipment via flanges 18.

[0042] It's important to note that the primary function of the pressurization line is to provide a pressure source to ensure the efficient delivery of liquid hydrogen from the storage tank. This is typically achieved using compressed gas or liquid, such as hydrogen or other compatible gases. The pressurization line overcomes flow resistance and gravity by increasing the system pressure, allowing the liquid hydrogen to flow to the desired location. The delivery line, on the other hand, transports the liquid hydrogen from the storage tank to the point of use. The delivery line needs to maintain a certain cooling temperature to prevent the liquid hydrogen from evaporating into gas during transport; this is usually achieved through insulation materials or a cooling system.

[0043] This invention does not impose specific limitations on the pressurization pipeline, the delivery pipeline, and the external equipment connected to them; those skilled in the art can make selections based on actual working conditions.

[0044] In addition, in order to reduce the thermal resistance generated by the contact between the wall-mounted cooling screen 22 and the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14, which would affect the cooling effect, the wall-mounted cooling screen 22 and the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14 are integrated into one unit in this embodiment.

[0045] In the system of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 1 is sequentially connected to the liquid hydrogen supply tank 2, the liquid hydrogen supply valve 3, the central flow channel 10 of the fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4, the liquid hydrogen valve 11, the liquid hydrogen metering element 12, and the liquid hydrogen filling valve 13 to the bottom of the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14, where the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen supply tank 2 is used for pre-cooling and filling.

[0046] In the system of this invention, the hydrogen cooling pipeline 20 is sequentially connected to the top of the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14, the hydrogen reflux valve 21, the wall-mounted cooling screen 22, the hydrogen throttling valve 24, the throttling element 23, and the filler channel 8 in the rapid cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4, utilizing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen for rapid pre-cooling. A branch for venting hydrogen during liquid hydrogen storage is provided on the hydrogen cooling pipeline 20 via a second vent valve 25.

[0047] It should be noted that liquid hydrogen valves are a common type of valve in liquid hydrogen refueling systems, used to control and manage the flow of liquid hydrogen. In liquid hydrogen refueling systems, the main function of these valves is to ensure the safe and efficient transfer of liquid hydrogen from one storage container to another or another system. Because liquid hydrogen remains liquid only at extremely low temperatures, these valves must be able to withstand extreme cryogenic environments. This invention does not specifically limit the type and material of the liquid hydrogen valves; those skilled in the art can select valves suitable for the liquid hydrogen refueling system based on specific operating conditions, such as ball valves, gate valves, regulating valves, or safety valves.

[0048] It should be noted that the liquid hydrogen metering unit is the device responsible for accurately measuring the liquid hydrogen flow rate in the liquid hydrogen refueling system, ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of the liquid hydrogen refueling process. This invention does not specifically limit the type and material of the liquid hydrogen metering unit; those skilled in the art can select a suitable metering unit based on specific operating conditions, such as a mass flow meter, level gauge, velocity meter, temperature sensor, or pressure sensor.

[0049] As an extremely low-temperature liquid, thermal management is crucial during the storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen. To maintain the low temperature during liquid hydrogen transportation and reduce heat loss, in this embodiment, the liquid hydrogen filling pipeline 1, the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4, and the hydrogen cooling pipeline 20 are all externally insulated to prevent heat leakage.

[0050] In the system of this invention, the liquid hydrogen supply tank 2 employs a self-pressurizing method for liquid hydrogen delivery. This self-pressurizing method automatically adjusts the pressure according to the consumption of liquid hydrogen, eliminating the need for external energy or complex control systems, reducing reliance on pumps and other mechanical equipment, and lowering energy consumption and maintenance costs. Furthermore, since the liquid hydrogen is delivered within a closed system using its own pressure, the risk of leakage and external contamination is reduced.

[0051] The present invention also provides a method for utilizing the above-described high-pressure liquid hydrogen precooling system, comprising a precooling stage, a filling stage, and a storage stage. It is assumed that the system has been purged, all valves are closed, and all devices are in a stopped state.

[0052] S1: Pre-cooling stage:

[0053] Open liquid hydrogen supply valve 3, liquid hydrogen valve 11, liquid hydrogen filling valve 13, hydrogen reflux valve 21, and hydrogen throttling valve 24. Liquid hydrogen supply tank 2 enters high-pressure supply mode through self-pressurization. High-pressure liquid hydrogen enters the central flow channel 10 of fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4 through liquid hydrogen supply valve 3, cooling the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4. Then, it enters the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14 sequentially through liquid hydrogen valve 11, liquid hydrogen metering element 12, and liquid hydrogen filling valve 13, pre-cooling the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14. The high-pressure hydrogen generated during the pre-cooling process enters the hydrogen cooling pipeline 20 through hydrogen reflux valve 21. First, it enters the wall-mounted cold shield 22, cooling the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14 from the outside, reducing the pre-cooling time of the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14. Then, it enters the throttling element 23 through hydrogen throttling valve 24 for throttling and cooling, changing from high-pressure hydrogen to low-temperature, low-pressure hydrogen, and enters the filler flow channel 8 of fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4. Low-temperature, low-pressure hydrogen begins to undergo a secondary-positive conversion under the action of the filled secondary-positive hydrogen catalyst, further generating cooling capacity to cool the intermediate wall 7 and the inner wall 9 of the pipeline, reducing the pre-cooling time of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4. Subsequently, hydrogen flows out of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4 and is vented.

[0054] Continue the above process until the temperature of the central flow channel 10 of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4 and the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14 both reach the liquid hydrogen temperature. At this time, pre-cooling is completed, and the hydrogen reflux valve 21 and the hydrogen throttle valve 24 are closed.

[0055] S2: Betting Phase

[0056] Open the first vent valve 16. The liquid hydrogen supply tank 2 enters the low-pressure filling state through self-pressurization. The liquid hydrogen is added sequentially through the liquid hydrogen supply valve 3, the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline 4, the liquid hydrogen valve 11, the liquid hydrogen metering element 12, and the liquid hydrogen filling valve 13 into the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14. When the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank 14 reaches the specified level, the filling is completed. Then close the liquid hydrogen supply valve 3, the liquid hydrogen valve 11, and the liquid hydrogen filling valve 13.

[0057] S3: Storage stage:

[0058] Open the hydrogen reflux valve 21 and the second vent valve 25, and close the first vent valve 16. The cryogenic hydrogen generated during liquid hydrogen storage enters the wall-mounted cooling screen 22 through the hydrogen reflux valve 21, cooling the liquid hydrogen filling tank 14 from the outside and reducing the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization during storage. Then, it is vented through the second vent valve 25.

[0059] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained through equivalent substitution or transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-pressure precooling system for liquid hydrogen utilizing cold energy, characterized in that, It includes a liquid hydrogen refueling tank main structure, a liquid hydrogen refueling pipeline (1), a liquid hydrogen supply tank (2), a fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4), and a hydrogen cooling pipeline (20); the liquid hydrogen refueling tank main structure includes a liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank (14) and a liquid hydrogen refueling outer tank (15), and the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank (14) is located inside the liquid hydrogen refueling outer tank (15); The fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4) consists of an outer wall (5), a middle wall (7), and an inner wall (9) from the outside to the inside. A vacuum jacket (6) is provided between the outer wall (5) and the middle wall (7) for efficient heat insulation. A filler channel (8) for filling the intermediate hydrogen conversion catalyst is located between the middle wall (7) and the inner wall (9). The inner wall (9) is a central channel (10) for liquid hydrogen flow during pre-cooling. A wall-mounted cooling screen (22) is installed on the outside of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank (14) for cooling the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank (14); an venting pipeline and a pressurizing pipeline are installed at the top of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank (14), and a first venting valve (16) and a hydrogen pressurizing valve (17) are respectively installed on the venting pipeline and the pressurizing pipeline; a liquid hydrogen refueling pipeline (1) and a delivery pipeline are installed at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen refueling inner tank (14); a liquid hydrogen delivery valve (19) is installed on the delivery pipeline. The liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (1) is connected in sequence to the liquid hydrogen supply tank (2), the liquid hydrogen supply valve (3), the central flow channel (10) of the fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4), the liquid hydrogen valve (11), the liquid hydrogen metering element (12), the liquid hydrogen filling valve (13) to the bottom of the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank (14) for pre-cooling and filling using the liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen supply tank (2); The hydrogen cooling pipeline (20) is connected in sequence to the top of the liquid hydrogen filling tank (14), the hydrogen reflux valve (21), the wall-mounted cold screen (22), the hydrogen throttle valve (24), the throttle element (23), and the filler channel (8) in the fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4), and is rapidly pre-cooled by using the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen; the hydrogen cooling pipeline (20) is provided with a branch for venting hydrogen during liquid hydrogen storage through the second vent valve (25).

2. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall (5), middle wall (7), and inner wall (9) of the pipeline are all made of stainless steel.

3. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, A vacuum environment is formed between the inner liquid hydrogen filling tank (14) and the outer liquid hydrogen filling tank (15), and multiple layers of radiation shielding are provided for heat insulation.

4. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlets of both the pressurization pipeline and the delivery pipeline are connected to external equipment via flanges (18).

5. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen valve (11) is a ball valve, a stop valve, a regulating valve or a safety valve; the liquid hydrogen metering element (12) is a mass flow meter, a level gauge, a flow rate meter, a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor.

6. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen supply tank (2) uses a self-pressurization method to transport liquid hydrogen.

7. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen filling pipeline (1), the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4), and the hydrogen cooling pipeline (20) are all equipped with heat insulation materials to prevent heat leakage.

8. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler channel (8) is filled with particulate secondary hydrogen conversion catalyst to reduce thermal resistance.

9. The liquid hydrogen high-pressure precooling system for cold energy utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall-mounted cold shield (22) and the liquid hydrogen filling tank (14) are processed into a whole to reduce contact thermal resistance.

10. A method using the high-pressure liquid hydrogen precooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The specific process is as follows: S1: Pre-cooling stage: Open the liquid hydrogen supply valve (3), liquid hydrogen valve (11), liquid hydrogen filling valve (13), hydrogen reflux valve (21), and hydrogen throttle valve (24); the liquid hydrogen supply tank (2) enters the high-pressure liquid supply state through self-pressurization; the high-pressure liquid hydrogen enters the central flow channel (10) of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4) through the liquid hydrogen supply valve (3) to cool the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4), and then enters the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank (14) through the liquid hydrogen valve (11), liquid hydrogen metering element (12), and liquid hydrogen filling valve (13) in sequence to pre-cool the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank (14); the high-pressure hydrogen generated during the pre-cooling process enters the hydrogen cooling pipeline through the hydrogen reflux valve (21). (20); First, it enters the wall-mounted cold screen (22) to cool the liquid hydrogen filling tank (14) from the outside, reducing the pre-cooling time of the liquid hydrogen filling tank (14); then, it enters the throttling element (23) through the hydrogen throttling valve (24) for throttling and cooling, changing from high-pressure hydrogen to low-temperature low-pressure hydrogen, and entering the filler channel (8) of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4); the low-temperature low-pressure hydrogen begins to undergo intermediate-positive conversion under the action of the filled intermediate-positive hydrogen catalyst, further generating cooling capacity, cooling the middle wall (7) and inner wall (9) of the pipeline, reducing the pre-cooling time of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4), and then the hydrogen flows out of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4) and is vented; Continue the above process until the temperature of the central flow channel (10) of the fast-cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4) and the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank (14) both reach the liquid hydrogen temperature. At this time, the pre-cooling is completed, and the hydrogen reflux valve (21) and the hydrogen throttle valve (24) are closed. S2: Betting Phase Open the first vent valve (16); the liquid hydrogen supply tank (2) enters the low-pressure filling state through self-pressurization, and the liquid hydrogen is added sequentially through the liquid hydrogen supply valve (3), the fast cooling liquid hydrogen pipeline (4), the liquid hydrogen valve (11), the liquid hydrogen metering element (12), and the liquid hydrogen filling valve (13) into the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank (14). When the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen filling inner tank (14) reaches the specified liquid level, the filling is completed, and the liquid hydrogen supply valve (3), the liquid hydrogen valve (11), and the liquid hydrogen filling valve (13) are closed. S3: Storage stage: Open the hydrogen reflux valve (21) and the second vent valve (25), and close the first vent valve (16); the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the liquid hydrogen storage enters the wall-mounted cold screen (22) through the hydrogen reflux valve (21), cools the liquid hydrogen filling tank (14) from the outside, reduces the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization during the storage process, and then vents through the second vent valve (25).

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