A method for planting and harvesting leafy grass

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology and proposes a method for planting and mowing leafy grass, comprising the following steps: S1, ridging: ridging the cultivated land with a ridge height of 20-25cm and a ridge width of 70cm; S2, sowing: broadcasting when the surface temperature is above 16℃, with a sowing rate of 7.5-8g / mu, covering the surface with soil after broadcasting, and thinning and replanting after emergence, with a planting density of 3500-4200 plants / mu; S3, field management: watering and fertilizing, loosening the soil to retain moisture, and controlling pests and diseases; S4, mowing: the first mowing is carried out when the leafy grass plants reach a height of 60-80cm, and subsequent mowing intervals are 21-26 days, with a stubble height of 2-5cm. This technical solution solves the problem of low total phenol and total flavonoid content in fresh leaves of leafy grass in related technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method for planting and harvesting leafy grasses. Background Technology

[0002] Leafy grass, a perennial herbaceous plant, is also known as "protein grass" because its protein content reaches over 30% (on a dry basis). In addition to protein, leafy grass also contains amino acids, vitamins, and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium. It also contains active ingredients such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and superoxide dismutase. It can not only be used as feed to replace other forage grasses but also as a food source to replace part of the staple food, providing benefits such as supplementing trace elements, accelerating metabolism, and improving human immunity. Among these, flavonoids and polyphenols have antioxidant properties, improve blood circulation, promote blood flow, and lower blood sugar. Existing research on the cultivation and harvesting methods of leafy greens mainly focuses on yield. For example, in northern regions, the annual yield of leafy greens is 10-20 tons per mu (approximately 0.16 acres), while in southern regions it is 20-30 tons per mu. However, there is little research on how to improve the quality of leafy greens, such as increasing the total flavonoid and total phenolic content. Furthermore, existing cultivation and harvesting methods result in low levels of total flavonoids and total phenolic compounds in the fresh leaves of leafy greens. (See *Food Industry Technology*, 2023). The article "Analysis of Nutritional Active Components and Bioactivity of Leafy Grasses" published in Volume 44, Issue 3, February 2017, indicated that the total phenolic content of leafy grasses was approximately 11.35 ± 0.31 mg GAE / g (dry weight). The total flavonoid content of the leafy grasses in this study was ~35.60 mg / 100g (fresh weight), which differs from that of fresh leafy grasses (~40.67 mg / 100g). The low total phenolic and flavonoid content limits the application of leafy grasses in high-value products. Therefore, developing a method for planting and harvesting leafy grasses that can increase the content of total phenolic and flavonoid content while ensuring yield is of significant value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention proposes a method for planting and harvesting leafy grasses, which solves the problem of low total phenol and total flavonoid content in fresh leaves of leafy grasses in related technologies.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] This invention proposes a method for planting and mowing leafy grasses, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Ridging: Ridging is carried out on the cultivated land. The ridge height is 20-25cm and the ridge width is 70cm.

[0007] S2. Sowing: Broadcast the seeds when the surface temperature is above 16℃. The sowing rate is 7.5~8g / mu. After broadcasting, cover the surface with soil. After the seedlings emerge, thin out and replant. The planting density is 3500~4200 plants / mu.

[0008] S3. Field management: watering and fertilizing, loosening the soil to retain moisture, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests;

[0009] S4. Cutting: The first cutting should be carried out when the edible grass plants are 60-80cm tall after planting. Subsequent cutting intervals should be 21-26 days, with a stubble height of 2-5cm.

[0010] Planting density that is too low not only results in low land utilization and waste of land resources, but also in low yield of leafy greens. Planting density that is too high, on the other hand, negatively impacts the growth of leafy greens, leading to reduced yield and quality. This invention has found that when the planting density of leafy greens is 3500-4200 plants / acre, the yield and quality of the leafy greens are relatively better.

[0011] When the edible grass plants reach a height of 60-80cm after planting, the content of effective ingredients in the edible grass is high, and the first harvest can be carried out. After harvesting, the stubble height should be 2-5cm, which is conducive to the regeneration of the edible grass. After that, harvest once every 21-26 days of growth. This not only increases the yield of edible grass, but also improves the quality of edible grass.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the planting density is 4000~4200 plants / acre.

[0013] When the planting density is 4000-4200 plants / acre, the yield and quality of leafy grass are further improved.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the planting density is 4100~4200 plants / mu.

[0015] When the planting density is 4100~4200 plants / acre, the yield and quality of leafy grass are further improved.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the cutting interval is 23 to 26 days.

[0017] When the harvesting interval is 23-26 days, the content of active ingredients in leafy greens is higher, which further improves the yield and quality of leafy greens.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the cutting interval is 24 days.

[0019] The yield and quality of leafy grass reach their peak when the mowing interval is 24 days.

[0020] As a further technical solution, the stubble height is 3~4cm.

[0021] When the stubble height is 3-4cm, it is more conducive to the regeneration of leafy grass, thereby further improving the yield and quality of leafy grass.

[0022] As a further technical solution, the stubble height is 4cm.

[0023] When the stubble height is 4cm, the regeneration of leafy grass is the best, and the yield and quality of leafy grass reach their optimal levels.

[0024] As a further technical solution, after the harvesting, fertilizer is applied again, starting from the first harvest, once every two harvests.

[0025] After every two cuts, fertilize once. This provides sufficient nutrients for the regeneration of leafy grass, avoids pests and diseases caused by excessive fertilization, and allows the fertilizer to be used more effectively. This promotes the regeneration of leafy grass and improves its quality and yield.

[0026] As a further technical solution, the fertilizer used for supplemental fertilization, based on the dosage per acre, comprises the following components by weight: 110-120 kg of urea, 7-10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 40-45 kg of potassium nitrate.

[0027] Preferably, the fertilizer used for supplemental fertilization comprises the following components by weight: 115 kg of urea, 8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 42 kg of potassium nitrate.

[0028] Using urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and other fertilizers as supplementary fertilizers provides sufficient N, K, P and other nutrients for the regeneration of leafy grass, thereby promoting the regeneration of leafy grass and improving its quality and yield.

[0029] As a further technical solution, the amount of fertilizer used for supplemental fertilization is 150~180 kg / mu.

[0030] As a further technical solution, the method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases is to spray insecticides at the initial stage of pest occurrence.

[0031] As a further technical solution, the insecticide is Bt insecticide or one of chlorpyrifos or thiamethoxam.

[0032] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. In this invention, the planting density, cutting time, and stubble height of leafy grass are optimized. Through scientific and reasonable cutting and planting methods, not only is the yield of leafy grass increased, but the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in leafy grass is also significantly increased, thereby improving the quality of leafy grass and thus increasing its market value. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for planting and mowing leafy grass, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1. Ridging: Ridging is carried out on the cultivated land, with a ridge height of 20cm and a ridge width of 70cm.

[0038] S2. Sowing: Broadcast the seeds when the surface temperature is above 16℃. The seeding rate is 7.5g / mu. Irrigate the land before sowing. Broadcast the seeds when there is no standing water on the soil surface. Cover the surface with a layer of soil with a thickness of 2cm. Thin out and replant seedlings after 3-5 leaves have grown. The planting density is 3500 plants / mu.

[0039] S3. Field Management: Irrigate 7 days after emergence, and then irrigate again when the field water holding capacity is below 40wt%, with each irrigation being 20-40m³ / mu. Apply fertilizer during irrigation to supplement nutrients. Loosen the soil 15 days after sowing to promote root growth. Spray Bt insecticide at the early stage of pest infestation. Dilute the Bt insecticide 200 times and spray it. The dosage of Bt insecticide per mu is 85g.

[0040] S4. Mowing: The first mowing should be carried out when the edible grass plants reach a height of 60cm after planting. Subsequent mowing intervals should be 21 days, with a stubble height of 2cm. After each mowing, apply fertilizer once. The amount of fertilizer used for supplementary fertilization is 82.5kg / mu, and the fertilizer composition is as follows: 57.5kg urea, 4kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 21kg potassium nitrate.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for planting and mowing leafy grass, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Ridging: Ridging the cultivated land with a ridge height of 25cm and a ridge width of 70cm.

[0044] S2. Sowing: Broadcast the seeds when the surface temperature is above 16℃. The seeding rate is 8g / mu. Irrigate the land before sowing. Broadcast the seeds when there is no standing water on the soil surface. Cover the surface with a layer of soil with a thickness of 4cm. Thin out and replant seedlings after 3-5 leaves have grown. The planting density is 4200 plants / mu.

[0045] S3. Field Management: Irrigate 7 days after emergence, and then irrigate when the field water holding capacity is below 40wt%, with each irrigation being 20-40m³ / mu. Apply fertilizer during irrigation to supplement nutrients. Loosen the soil 15 days after sowing to promote root growth. Spray Bt insecticide at the early stage of pest infestation. Dilute the Bt insecticide 200 times and spray it. The dosage of Bt insecticide is 100g per mu.

[0046] S4. Mowing: The first mowing should be carried out when the edible grass plants reach a height of 80cm after planting. Subsequent mowing intervals should be 26 days, with a stubble height of 2cm. After each mowing, apply fertilizer once. The amount of fertilizer used for supplementary fertilization is 82.5kg / mu, and the fertilizer composition is as follows: 57.5kg urea, 4kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 21kg potassium nitrate.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the planting density is 4000 plants per acre.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the planting density is 4100 plants / acre.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is the harvesting interval of 23 days.

[0053] Example 6

[0054] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the harvesting interval is 25 days.

[0055] Example 7

[0056] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the harvesting interval is 24 days.

[0057] Example 8

[0058] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the stubble height is 3cm.

[0059] Example 9

[0060] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the stubble height is 4cm.

[0061] Example 10

[0062] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the stubble height is 5cm.

[0063] Example 11

[0064] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that fertilizer is applied once after every two harvests. The amount of fertilizer used for the supplementary fertilization is 165 kg / mu, and the composition of the fertilizer is as follows: 115 kg of urea, 8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 42 kg of potassium nitrate.

[0065] Example 12

[0066] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that fertilizer is applied once after every 3 harvests. The amount of fertilizer used for the supplementary fertilization is 247.5 kg / mu, and the composition of the fertilizer is as follows: 172.5 kg of urea, 12 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 63 kg of potassium nitrate.

[0067] Example 13

[0068] A method for planting and mowing leafy grass, comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1. Ridging: Ridging is carried out on the cultivated land, with a ridge height of 20cm and a ridge width of 70cm.

[0070] S2. Sowing: Broadcast the seeds when the surface temperature is above 16℃. The seeding rate is 7.5g / mu. Irrigate the land before sowing. Broadcast the seeds when there is no standing water on the soil surface. Cover the surface with a layer of soil with a thickness of 2cm. Thin out and replant seedlings after 3-5 leaves have grown. The planting density is 4100 plants / mu.

[0071] S3. Field Management: Irrigate 7 days after emergence, and then irrigate again when the field water holding capacity is below 40wt%, with each irrigation being 20-40m³ / mu. Apply fertilizer during irrigation to supplement nutrients. Loosen the soil 15 days after sowing to promote root growth. Spray Bt insecticide at the early stage of pest infestation. Dilute the Bt insecticide 200 times and spray it. The dosage of Bt insecticide per mu is 85g.

[0072] S4. Mowing: The first mowing should be carried out when the edible grass plants reach a height of 60cm after planting. Avoid mowing during cloudy or rainy weather. The subsequent mowing interval is 24 days, with a stubble height of 4cm. Apply fertilizer once after every two mowings. The amount of fertilizer used for supplementary fertilization is 165kg / mu, and the fertilizer composition is as follows: 115kg urea, 8kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 42kg potassium nitrate.

[0073] Experiment Example 1: Effects of Planting Density on the Yield and Quality of Leafy Grass

[0074] The planting base in Yangxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, has set up four plots, each 100m² in size. 2The experimental area was divided into zones 1 to 4. Starting in mid-February 2022, leafy greens were planted according to the methods described in Examples 1 to 4. The yield of the leafy greens after the first three harvests was recorded and converted to yield per acre. The total phenol content in the fresh leaves of the leafy greens was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total flavonoid content in the fresh leaves of the leafy greens was determined using the sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) colorimetric method. The specific results are shown in the table below:

[0075] Table 1. Effect of planting density on leafy grass yield

[0076]

[0077] As shown in Table 1, compared with a planting density of 3500 plants / mu, the yield of leafy grass increased when the planting density was 4000-4200 plants / mu, and the yield was highest when the planting density was 4100 plants / mu. At the same time, the total phenol and total flavonoid content of leafy grass cut at a planting density of 4000-4100 plants / mu was significantly higher than that at a planting density of 3500 plants / mu.

[0078] Experiment Example 2: Effects of mowing interval on the yield and quality of leafy grasses

[0079] The planting base in Yangxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, has four plots, each 100m² in size. 2 The experimental area was divided into 5-8 zones. Starting in mid-April 2022, leafy greens were planted according to the methods described in Examples 1 and 5-7, respectively. The yield of leafy greens after the second to fourth harvests was recorded and converted to yield per acre. The total phenol content in the fresh leaves of the leafy greens was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total flavonoid content in the fresh leaves of the leafy greens was determined using the sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) colorimetric method. The specific results are shown in the table below:

[0080] Table 2. Effects of mowing interval on leafy grass yield and quality.

[0081]

[0082] As shown in Table 2, compared with a mowing interval of 21 days, the yield of leafy grass increased when the mowing interval was 23-25 ​​days, and the yield of leafy grass was the highest when the mowing interval was 24 days. At the same time, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the fresh leaves of leafy grass cut at a mowing interval of 23-24 days were significantly higher than those at a mowing interval of 21 days.

[0083] Experiment Example 3: Effects of stubble height on average leaf length and yield of leafy grasses

[0084] The planting base in Yangxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, has set up 5 plots, each 100m² in size. 2The experimental area was divided into 9-13 zones. Starting in mid-April 2022, leafy greens were planted according to the methods described in Examples 1, 8-10, and 13, respectively. The yield of the leafy greens after the second to fourth cuts was recorded and converted to yield per acre. The maximum leaf length per plant after the second to fourth cuts was also recorded (the six plants with the largest leaf length from each experimental zone were selected for statistical analysis, and the average was taken). The average maximum leaf length of the leafy greens after the three cuts was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The specific results are shown in the table below:

[0085] Table 3. Effects of stubble height on average leaf length and yield of leafy grasses

[0086]

[0087] Note: Without * This indicates that the data in this group were not significantly different from those in Zone 9 after the stubble height was 2cm (P>0.05). * This indicates that the data in this group are significantly different from those in Zone 9 with a stubble height of 2cm (0.01 < P < 0.05). ** This indicates that the difference between this set of data and the stubble height of 2cm in Zone 9 is extremely significant (P < 0.01).

[0088] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with a stubble height of 2cm, the yield of leafy grass increases when the stubble height is 3-5cm, and the yield of leafy grass is the highest when the stubble height is 4cm. At the same time, the average leaf length of leafy grass cut when the stubble height is 3-5cm is significantly different from that when the stubble height is 2cm.

[0089] Experiment Example 4

[0090] At the planting base in Yangxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, four plots with an area of ​​100m² were set up. 2 The experimental area was divided into zones 14-17. Starting in mid-April 2022, leafy greens were planted according to the methods described in Examples 1 and 11-13, respectively. The yield of the leafy greens after the first three harvests was recorded and converted to yield per acre. The total phenol content in the fresh leaves of the leafy greens was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total flavonoid content in the fresh leaves of the leafy greens was determined using the sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) colorimetric method. The specific results are shown in the table below:

[0091] Table 4. Effects of Fertilizer Application Frequency on Leafy Grass Yield and Quality

[0092]

[0093] As shown in Table 4, compared with fertilizing once after each mowing, fertilizing once after every 2-3 mowings increases the yield of leafy grass. The highest yield of leafy grass is achieved when fertilizing once after every 2 mowings. At the same time, the total phenol and total flavonoid content of the leafy grass harvested when fertilizing once after every 2 mowings is the highest.

[0094] In Zone 17, planting and mowing were carried out according to the method of Example 13. The results showed that the total yield of leafy grass after the first three mowings increased by 2.5 t / mu compared with Zone 14. The total phenol and total flavonoid content in the fresh leaves of the mowed leafy grass also increased significantly. This indicates that by optimizing the planting density, mowing interval, stubble height, and the number of fertilizations after mowing, the yield and quality of leafy grass were significantly improved.

[0095] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting and harvesting edible grasses to increase the content of total phenols and total flavonoids, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Ridging: Ridging is carried out on the cultivated land. The ridge height is 20-25cm and the ridge width is 70cm. S2. Sowing: Broadcast the seeds when the surface temperature is above 16℃. The sowing rate is 7.5~8g / mu. Cover the surface with soil after broadcasting. After the seedlings emerge, thin out and replant. The planting density is 3500~4200 plants / mu. S3. Field management: watering and fertilizing, loosening the soil to retain moisture, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests; S4. Cutting: The first cutting should be carried out when the edible grass plants are 60-80cm tall after planting. The subsequent cutting interval is 24 days, and the stubble height is 4cm. After the harvesting, supplemental fertilization is carried out, starting from the first harvest, once every two harvests; the fertilizer used for supplemental fertilization per acre comprises the following components by weight: Urea 110~120kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 7~10kg, potassium nitrate 40~45kg.

2. The method for planting and harvesting edible grasses to increase the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in edible grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting density is 4000-4200 plants per mu.

3. The method for planting and harvesting edible grasses to increase the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in edible grasses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The planting density is 4100-4200 plants per mu.

4. The method for planting and harvesting edible grasses to increase the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in edible grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases is to spray insecticides at the initial stage of pest occurrence.

5. A method for planting and harvesting leafy grasses to increase the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in leafy grasses according to claim 4, characterized in that, The insecticide is Bt insecticide or one of chlorpyrifos or thiamethoxam.

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