Shark-like water-air amphibious trans-medium vehicle with water storage cabin and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water and air amphibious cross-media aircraft with water storage cabin, wherein the fuselage adopts the appearance similar to great white shark, the nose fuselage is slender body, the abdominal space of fuselage is increased, and water storage cabin is reserved in the back of fuselage. After the aircraft slowly lands on the water surface, passive water entry and passive water exit can be realized by using its own gravity, so as to increase the buoyancy and reduce the water impact effect. The tail part adopts a new inverted Y type, and the tail uses full rudder surface to balance the increased volume of the abdominal part of the fuselage. By the upward water rudder, the water surface tension when exiting water is reduced, and it is easier to take off. The water entry mode of the aircraft is ingenious, the propulsion system is safe and reliable, the structure is simple, the strength requirement is low, the stability is good, and it is suitable for reconnaissance, attack or defense tasks under various working conditions. At the same time, the model can be scaled to meet the requirements of different tasks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aircraft design, specifically relating to an amphibious trans-medium aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of technology, the technologies of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have advanced rapidly. Both types of vehicles are widely used in military and civilian applications. However, the operational capabilities of single-medium UAVs are limited by many factors, such as the UAV's own operating range, the area already known to the user, and the need for refueling. When a mission involves multiple working media, only a few types of UAVs can complete the task independently; often, multiple devices need to work together, increasing the operational complexity.

[0003] Cross-medium aircraft combine the capabilities of water and air movement, and can alternate between these modes for extended periods, freely traversing the water-air interface. The basic functions of a true cross-medium aircraft include dry flight, water entry, underwater submersion, and water emergence. However, its design is not simply a superposition of aerial and underwater unmanned vehicle technologies; it requires consideration of the integration of water-air configurations and the methods of water-air transition. This presents numerous challenges, particularly in areas such as the propulsion system, water-air interface crossing, shape design, and structural control.

[0004] Currently, the main configurations of cross-medium aircraft researched both domestically and internationally are classified into flapping-wing, variable-structure, and multi-rotor types. Among them, flapping-wing cross-medium aircraft are still in the experimental stage due to limitations in materials, control, and structure. Multi-rotor cross-medium aircraft have a relatively gentle water entry method, which reduces the requirements for structural design. They eliminate the transmission structure required for variable-structure designs, reducing design difficulty. However, they usually require modifications to the original design to improve waterproof performance, but the water entry time is longer, resulting in relatively lower efficiency. The key to the medium transition of multi-rotor cross-medium aircraft lies in their vertical takeoff and landing performance, but their rotor arm structure causes significant underwater drag, which has a significant impact on underwater motion performance. Variable-structure designs can meet various requirements, including aerodynamic layouts and structural designs that generate sufficient lift and reduce drag during flight, and low-drag characteristics and the ability to withstand water pressure during underwater navigation through the ability to retract or fold wings. However, since variable-structure designs generally use a dive-type water entry during cross-medium processes, the impact force at the moment of entry is huge, requiring higher design strength in terms of structural design. Therefore, how to balance good air and water mobility with good structural stability is a key issue that cross-medium aircraft urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: Based on the above problems, the present invention provides a shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank. It can enter the water by gliding on the water surface and gradually submerging in the water. It can balance water entry efficiency and does not have high requirements for the structural strength of the aircraft. Moreover, the aircraft can repeatedly perform four basic functions: dry flight, water entry, underwater diving, and water exit. The overall fuselage configuration is similar to that of a great white shark, and it has good stability.

[0006] Technical Solution: A shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank, comprising a fuselage, wings on both sides of the fuselage, an air propeller at the front of the fuselage, and a ducted propeller at the rear of the fuselage; the bottom curve of the fuselage forms a downward bulge at the belly, creating an abdominal cavity within the fuselage; the rear of the fuselage is a slender body that gradually tapers backward from the belly, forming a tail cavity; a water tank is provided inside the fuselage, extending from front to rear in the upper part of the fuselage, with the front half of the water tank located in the abdominal cavity and the rear half located in the tail cavity; water inlets and outlets connecting the water tank to the outside are provided on the sides and top of the fuselage, with the water inlets and outlets on the top of the fuselage being higher than those on the sides.

[0007] Furthermore, the fuselage is equipped with a tail fin, which is inverted Y-shaped and includes a vertical tail and a pair of V-shaped wings that are bent downwards at both ends. The control surfaces of the V-shaped wings are full control surfaces.

[0008] Furthermore, a water-spraying plate is provided on the lower part of the fuselage. The water-spraying plate is connected to the fuselage via a connecting rod and is V-shaped with both ends bent upwards.

[0009] Furthermore, all inlets and outlets are normally open.

[0010] Furthermore, a battery is installed inside the fuselage under the water tank.

[0011] Furthermore, an underwater drive and an underwater ESC connecting the battery and the underwater drive are installed inside the fuselage belly, and a coupling connecting the underwater drive and the ducted propeller is located inside the fuselage tail.

[0012] Furthermore, an air drive is installed at the nose of the fuselage, an air propeller is connected to the air drive, and an air ESC connected to the battery and the air drive is installed inside the fuselage.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the fuselage has a smooth curve.

[0014] Furthermore, the cross-section of the water storage tank gradually decreases from front to back, and the bottom of the water storage tank gradually rises from front to back.

[0015] This invention also provides a control method for the shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank. When the shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank enters the water, its front propeller decelerates, and it lands on the water surface until it reaches the water inlet / outlet on the side of the fuselage, below the water surface. First, water is introduced into the water tank through the water inlet / outlet on the side of the fuselage, increasing the overall weight. At this time, the shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank glides on the water surface and gradually submerges. When the water inlet / outlet on the top of the fuselage contacts the water surface, the water tank is further submerged through all the water inlets / outlets. The aircraft rapidly enters the water until it is completely submerged. Simultaneously, the rear propeller begins to operate, completing the aircraft's entry into the water. When this shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank emerges from the water, the tail fins rotate to raise the aircraft's nose, while the rear propeller increases its speed, causing the nose and upper fuselage to emerge from the water first. The water inlets and outlets on the sides of the fuselage begin to drain water, reducing the overall weight of the aircraft. The aircraft slowly emerges from the water. Once the front propeller is completely out of the water, it begins to rotate, driving the wings to generate lift until the aircraft completes its exit from the water.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a novel fuselage configuration and design for cross-medium aircraft, eliminating the need for wing folding or retracting systems found in existing technologies. This results in a lighter overall structure and simpler design. The aircraft can slowly land on water, passively taking in and exiting water through internal water tanks and designated inlet / outlet ports. Compared to existing cross-medium aircraft, this design eliminates the need for initial kinetic energy to enter the water, reducing the impact force upon contact with the water surface and thus lowering the structural strength requirements for the aircraft.

[0017] Furthermore, the V-shaped deflectors on the fuselage reduce surface tension upon exiting the water, facilitating takeoff. The inverted Y-shaped tail, comprising a vertical stabilizer and a pair of downward-flaring V-shaped tail fins, with full-face control surfaces, enhances maneuverability and balances the enlarged cavity on the fuselage. The slow, taxiing entry method further improves stability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a left view of the amphibious trans-medium aircraft of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of the amphibious trans-medium aircraft of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Please combine Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this invention discloses a shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank, comprising a fuselage, wings 19 located on both sides of the fuselage, an air-driven actuator 2 located at the nose of the fuselage, an air propeller 1 driven by the air-driven actuator 2, a ducted propeller 13 located at the tail of the fuselage, a tail fin located at the tail of the fuselage, and a water-spraying plate 21 located under the belly of the fuselage. The water-spraying plate 21 is connected to the belly of the fuselage via a connecting rod, and the water-spraying plate is V-shaped with both ends bent upwards.

[0022] The fuselage contains a water tank 17, a battery 4 located below the water tank 17, an airborne electronic speed controller (ESC) 3, an underwater drive 5, and an underwater ESC 6 connecting the battery 4 and the underwater drive 5. A coupling 7 connecting the underwater drive 5 and the ducted propeller 13 is located at the tail of the fuselage. The water tank 17 extends from front to rear in the upper part of the fuselage, with the front half located in the abdominal cavity and the rear half in the tail cavity. Water inlets and outlets connecting the water tank to the outside are located on the sides and top of the fuselage. The water inlet / outlet 16 on the top of the fuselage is higher than the water inlets / outlets 14 and 15 on the sides. All water inlets and outlets are normally open, allowing the water tank to passively take in water while submerged and passively drain water when out of the water.

[0023] To increase buoyancy and reduce water impact when the amphibious aircraft of this invention enters the water, the fuselage is designed to resemble the shape of a great white shark: the top of the fuselage is a smooth curve 8, the bottom curve 9 has a distinct downward bulge at the belly, and gradually tapers towards the tail, forming a slender body at the tail of the fuselage, so that the belly of the fuselage forms a cavity much larger than the nose and tail to increase buoyancy when gliding on the water surface and to house the battery 4.

[0024] The tail fin is inverted Y-shaped, including a vertical tail and a pair of V-shaped wings that are bent downwards at both ends. Since the flat wings 19 generate lift underwater when the aircraft is driven forward by the ducted propeller, the tail fin is designed with full control surfaces to balance and control the underwater navigation attitude, that is, the control surfaces 11 of the V-shaped wings are in the form of full control surfaces.

[0025] When the amphibious aircraft enters the water, the front propeller 1 slowly decelerates and lands on the water surface. It then slowly enters the water through the water inlets 14 and 15 on the side of the fuselage, and water enters the water tank 17, increasing the overall weight of the aircraft. It glides on the water surface and slowly submerges. When the water inlet 16 on the top of the fuselage contacts the water surface, the aircraft accelerates into the water and is completely submerged. At the same time, the ducted propeller 13 starts working, completing the aircraft's entry into the water. When the aircraft emerges from the water, the tail servo motor 10 operates, causing the control surfaces 11 of the V-shaped wing to rotate, making the aircraft pitch up. At the same time, the ducted propeller 13 increases its speed, causing the nose and upper body of the aircraft to emerge from the water first. The water inlets 14 and 15 begin to drain water, reducing the overall weight of the aircraft. The aircraft slowly emerges from the water. When the front propeller 1 is completely out of the water, it starts working, driving the wings 19 to generate lift. When the entire aircraft leaves the water surface, the upward-folding water deflector 21 cuts through the water surface, making it easier to overcome surface tension and completing the aircraft's exit from the water.

[0026] The water entry process of the aircraft of this invention is more stable, with a simpler structure, a cleverly designed water tank, and lower strength requirements. Furthermore, because it glides across the water surface and enters slowly, it does not require high initial kinetic energy to impact the water, resulting in better stability and easier operation. The water entry method proposed in this invention is ingenious, the propulsion system is safe and reliable, the structure is simple, strength requirements are low, and stability is good. It is suitable for reconnaissance, attack, or defense missions under various conditions, and this model can be scaled up to meet the requirements of different missions.

[0027] Furthermore, there are many specific methods and approaches to implement this invention, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of this invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank, characterized in that, It includes a fuselage, wings on both sides of the fuselage, an air propeller at the front of the fuselage, and a ducted propeller at the rear of the fuselage; the bottom curve of the fuselage forms a downward bulge at the belly, forming a belly cavity inside the fuselage; the rear of the fuselage is a slender body that gradually tapers backward from the belly of the fuselage, forming a tail cavity. The fuselage is equipped with a water storage tank, which extends from front to back in the upper part of the fuselage. The front half of the water storage tank is located in the abdominal cavity, and the rear half of the water storage tank is located in the tail cavity. The fuselage side and top are provided with water inlets and outlets connecting the water storage tank to the outside, with the water inlet and outlet on the top of the fuselage being higher than the water inlet and outlet on the side of the fuselage. The fuselage is equipped with a tail fin, which is inverted Y-shaped and includes a vertical tail and a pair of V-shaped wings that are bent downward at both ends. The control surfaces of the V-shaped wings are full control surfaces. The fuselage is equipped with a water-spraying plate located on the underside of the fuselage. The water-spraying plate is connected to the underside of the fuselage via a connecting rod and is V-shaped with both ends bent upwards.

2. The shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, All inlets and outlets are normally open.

3. The shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuselage has a battery installed inside its belly, located below the water tank.

4. The shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fuselage belly also houses an underwater drive and an underwater ESC that connects the battery and the underwater drive, while the tail section of the fuselage houses a coupling that connects the underwater drive and the ducted propeller.

5. The shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The fuselage nose is equipped with an air drive, and an air propeller is connected to the air drive. An air ESC connected to the battery and the air drive is installed inside the fuselage.

6. The shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the fuselage has a smooth curve.

7. The shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the water storage tank gradually decreases from front to back, and the bottom of the water storage tank gradually rises from front to back.

8. A control method for a shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, When this shark-like amphibious cross-medium aircraft with a water tank enters the water, the front propeller decelerates and descends to the water surface. The water tank is filled with water through the water inlet and outlet on the side of the fuselage, increasing the overall weight. At this time, the shark-like amphibious cross-medium aircraft with a water tank glides on the water surface and gradually submerges in the water. When the water inlet and outlet on the top of the fuselage touches the water surface, the water tank accelerates the water intake through all the water inlets and outlets until the aircraft is completely submerged. At the same time, the rear propeller starts working, completing the aircraft's water entry action. When this shark-like amphibious trans-medium aircraft with a water tank emerges from the water, the tail fin control surfaces rotate to make the aircraft pitch up, while the rear propeller increases its speed, causing the nose and upper fuselage of the aircraft to emerge from the water first. The water inlets and outlets on the side of the fuselage begin to drain water, reducing the overall weight of the aircraft and allowing it to slowly emerge from the water. Once the front propeller is completely out of the water, it begins to rotate, driving the wings to generate lift until the aircraft completes the water emergence maneuver.

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