Electrolytic aluminum carbon residue fine classification separation centrifugal device and centrifugal method

Abstract

The application discloses an electrolytic aluminum carbon residue fine grading separation centrifugal device and a centrifugal method, and comprises a shell, a centrifugal cavity support seat is arranged in the shell, a centrifugal cylinder with an open top is arranged above the centrifugal cavity support seat, a locking screw is engaged in the inside of the centrifugal cylinder, the bottom end of the locking screw is connected with the output shaft of a motor after penetrating through the centrifugal cavity support seat, and the motor is arranged on the inner bottom of the shell. The method centrifugal method, the different ion in the carbon residue material is used to realize the grading screening by the different settling velocities in the density gradient solution, the carbon residue material physical properties are used to finely separate the qualitative screening of each component phase, and the efficient and accurate recovery of the carbon residue material is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag separation, recycling and reuse equipment, specifically involving a fine classification and separation centrifugal device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, and also involving a fine classification and separation centrifugal method for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag. Background Technology

[0002] Electrolytic aluminum slag is a solid waste generated during the electrolytic aluminum production process. Containing a large amount of fluorides, it is classified as hazardous solid waste. The slag originates from the oxidation and shedding of anode carbon blocks, cathode peeling, and electrochemical reactions. Its main components are carbon and fluorine-containing compounds such as cryolite. This waste damages the environment and ecosystem. With increasing national emphasis on environmental protection, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of slag are urgent problems that the electrolytic aluminum industry needs to solve.

[0003] Currently, methods used domestically and internationally for treating carbon slag include physical methods, pyrometallurgical methods, and chemical methods (acid leaching / alkali leaching). Among these, physical methods are the most commonly used. Physical methods mainly utilize the physical properties of carbon slag for flotation. Foam flotation uses the difference in hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the material surface for separation, and carbon and electrolytes are separated by adding flotation agents. After extensive orthogonal experiments, parameters such as the type of flotation agent, flotation time, and number of flotation cycles have been adjusted and verified, showing a certain separation effect on carbon and electrolytes in carbon slag. However, carbon slag contains a wide variety of materials, and flotation can only select a single material, and the purity of the separated carbon and electrolytes is low.

[0004] This invention utilizes the physical properties of carbon slag material to achieve fine separation of different single phases. During centrifugation, different phases settle at different rates in the dispersant, which can achieve qualitative separation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fine classification and separation centrifugal device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, which solves the problem that existing flotation separation can only select a single material and the purity of the separated carbon and electrolyte is low.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is a method for finely classifying and separating electrolytic aluminum carbon slag by centrifugation.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a fine classification and separation centrifugal device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, including a shell, a centrifugal chamber support seat provided inside the shell, a centrifugal cylinder with a top opening provided above the centrifugal chamber support seat, a locking screw engaged inside the centrifugal cylinder, the bottom end of the locking screw passing through the centrifugal chamber support seat and connected to the output shaft of a motor, and the motor being located on the inner bottom of the shell.

[0008] The invention is further characterized in that,

[0009] The bottom of the housing is equipped with several foot suction cups.

[0010] The centrifuge cylinder includes an inner wall, a sandwich layer, and an outer wall arranged sequentially from the axis outwards. The inner wall is a hollow column. Several racks are evenly arranged along the circumference on the side wall of the inner wall away from the sandwich layer. The racks mesh with locking screws. The inner wall and the sandwich layer form an inner cavity, and the sandwich layer and the outer wall form an outer cavity. Several first channels are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the sandwich layer. One end of each first channel is connected to the inner cavity, and the other end of each first channel is connected to the outer cavity. An inner cavity valve is provided at the connection between each first channel and the inner cavity. Several second channels are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the outer wall and the shell. Each second channel is connected to the outside of the shell.

[0011] The number of second channels is equal to that of first channels and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. Each first channel and its corresponding second channel are set in a straight line.

[0012] Each second channel is equipped with an external cavity valve at its connection with the outer wall.

[0013] The end of each first channel near the inner wall is higher than the end of the first channel near the outer wall.

[0014] The motor's output shaft is connected to a clutch, which is connected to the bottom end of a locking screw.

[0015] Another technical solution adopted in this invention is a fine classification and separation centrifugation method for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, which uses a fine classification and separation centrifugation device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag. The specific process is as follows:

[0016] Step 1: Crush and ball-mill the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag until the particle size is less than 200 mesh, and then sieve it for later use;

[0017] Step 2: Add the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag and dispersant solution prepared in Step 1 into the inner cavity. Start the motor and clutch to drive the locking screw to rotate. The locking screw drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate for centrifugation. After centrifugation, different materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag are arranged in a vertical gradient in the inner cavity according to different settling velocities. According to the material composition and the height of the inner cavity valves, open the inner cavity valves corresponding to different materials and let them flow into the outer cavity through the first channel. Open the outer cavity valves corresponding to different materials and let them be output to the drying centrifuge through the second channel for centrifugal drying. After centrifugation, separate the materials and dispersant solution. Pass the dispersant solution through a multi-effect evaporator to separate the solute and solvent of the dispersant solution for reuse.

[0018] The invention is further characterized in that,

[0019] In step 2, the volume of the carbon residue is 40% to 60% of the volume of the dispersant solution.

[0020] In step 2, the centrifugation process parameters for the centrifuge cylinder are as follows: first, centrifuge at a speed of 3500 rpm to 5000 rpm for 3 min to 8 min, then increase the centrifugation speed to 5000 rpm to 8500 rpm for 8 min to 25 min;

[0021] The process parameters for centrifugal drying are: centrifugal speed of 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm and drying time of 10 min to 45 min.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] (1) The electrolytic aluminum carbon slag fine classification and separation centrifugal device of the present invention can separate a variety of materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag by centrifugation, and the carbon and electrolyte obtained by separation are of high purity.

[0024] (2) The fine classification and separation centrifugation method for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag utilizes the different settling velocities of different ions in the carbon slag material in a density gradient solution to achieve classification and screening, reducing the energy loss generated during the chemical screening and reassembly of elements. It also utilizes the physical properties of the carbon slag material to finely separate and qualitatively screen each component phase, thereby achieving high-efficiency and precise recovery of the carbon slag material. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag fine classification and separation centrifugal device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifuge cylinder in the fine classification and separation centrifuge device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the locking screw in the fine classification and separation centrifugal device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the fine classification and separation centrifugation method for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag according to the present invention. In the diagram, 1. Shell, 2. Outer cavity, 3. Locking screw, 4. Inner cavity, 5. Centrifuge chamber support, 6. Foot suction cup, 7. Motor, 8. Clutch, 9. Inner cavity valve, 10. Outer cavity valve, 11. First channel, 12. Inner wall, 13. Outer wall, 14. Interlayer, 15. Second channel, 16. Rack, 17. Intermediate shaft, 18. Rack I. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The present invention provides a fine classification and separation centrifugal device for electrolytic aluminum slag, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a housing 1, inside which is a centrifuge chamber support 5. The centrifuge chamber support 5 is frustum-shaped and is used to support the centrifuge cylinder. A centrifuge cylinder with a top opening is located above the centrifuge chamber support 5. The bottom shape of the centrifuge cylinder is consistent with the shape of the centrifuge chamber support 5. During centrifugation, the frustum-shaped centrifuge chamber support 5 can prevent the centrifuge cylinder from falling out, providing a barrier and enhancing stability. A locking screw 3 is engaged inside the centrifuge cylinder. The bottom end of the locking screw 3 passes through the centrifuge chamber support 5 and connects to a clutch 8. The clutch 8 is located at the bottom of the centrifuge chamber support 5 and is connected to the output shaft of a motor 7. The motor 7 is located on the inner bottom of the housing 1. When the motor 7 is started, the motor 7 drives the locking screw 3 to rotate through the clutch 8. The locking screw 3 drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate, thereby realizing the centrifugation function. Several suction cups 6 are provided at the bottom of the housing 1 to fix the centrifuge cylinder and make it more stable.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the centrifuge cylinder includes an inner wall 12, a sandwich layer 14, and an outer wall 13 arranged sequentially from the axis outward. The inner wall 12 is a hollow column. Several racks 16 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the side wall of the inner wall 12 away from the sandwich layer 14. The length of the racks 16 is arranged along the axial direction of the inner wall 12. The racks 16 mesh with the locking screw 3, i.e., as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the locking screw 3 includes an intermediate shaft 17. The bottom end of the intermediate shaft 17 passes through the centrifuge chamber support 5. The portion of the intermediate shaft 17 above the centrifuge chamber support 5 is uniformly provided with several racks I18 along its circumference. The length of the racks I18 is arranged along the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 17. The racks I18 mesh with the racks 16. The inner wall 12 and the interlayer 14 form an inner cavity 4. The interlayer 14 and the outer wall 13 form an outer cavity 2. The interlayer 14 is provided with several first channels 11 in sequence along its axial direction. One end of each first channel 11 is connected to the inner cavity 4, and the other end of each first channel 11 is connected to the outer cavity 2. An inner cavity valve 9 is provided at the connection between each first channel 11 and the inner cavity 4. Several second channels 15 are provided in sequence along the axial direction of the outer wall 13 and the shell 1. An outer cavity valve 10 is provided at the connection between each second channel 15 and the outer wall 13. Each second channel 15 is connected to the outside of the shell 1 to discharge from the shell 1.

[0033] The number of second channels 15 is equal to that of first channels 11 and they are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The end of each first channel 11 near the inner wall 12 is higher than the end of the first channel 11 near the outer wall 13. Each first channel 11 and its corresponding second channel 15 are arranged in a straight line. This arrangement makes the first channel 11 and the second channel 15 inclined, which facilitates the flow of carbon residue and dispersant solution after centrifugation to the outer cavity 2.

[0034] This invention relates to a method for finely classifying and separating electrolytic aluminum slag using centrifugation, employing a fine-classifying and separating centrifugation device for electrolytic aluminum slag, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the specific process is as follows:

[0035] Step 1: Crush and ball-mill the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag until the particle size is less than 200 mesh, and then sieve it for later use;

[0036] Step 2: Add the prepared electrolytic aluminum carbon slag from Step 1 and the dispersant solution to the inner cavity 4. The volume of the carbon slag should be 40%–60% of the volume of the dispersant solution (the dispersant solution is used to create a density gradient). Start the motor 7 and clutch 8 to drive the locking screw 3 to rotate. The locking screw 3 drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate. First, centrifuge at a speed of 3500 rpm–5000 rpm for 3–8 minutes, then increase the centrifuge speed to 5000 rpm–8500 rpm for 8–25 minutes. After the centrifuge is completed, separate the different materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag according to different... Different settling velocities are arranged in a vertical gradient within the inner cavity 4. Based on the material composition and the height of the inner cavity valve 9, the inner cavity valve 9 corresponding to different materials is opened, and the material flows through the first channel 11 into the outer cavity 2. The outer cavity valve 10 corresponding to different materials is then opened, and the material is output through the second channel 15 to the drying centrifuge for centrifugal drying. The centrifugal speed is 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm, and the drying time is 10 min to 45 min. After centrifugation, the separated material and dispersant solution are obtained. The dispersant solution is then passed through a multi-effect evaporator to separate the solute and solvent for reuse.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The present invention provides a method for fine classification and separation centrifugation of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, employing a fine classification and separation centrifugation device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag. The specific process is as follows:

[0039] Step 1: Crush and ball-mill the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag (composed of carbon, alumina, cryolite and fluorite) until the particle size is less than 200 mesh, and then sieve it for later use.

[0040] Step 2: Add the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag prepared in Step 1 and the dispersant solution (using a 5 mol / L sucrose solution) together into the inner cavity 4. The volume of the carbon slag should be 50% of the volume of the dispersant solution. Start the motor 7 and clutch 8 to drive the locking screw 3 to rotate. The locking screw 3 drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate. First, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes, then increase the centrifuge speed to 6500 rpm for 15 minutes. After the centrifugation, the different materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag will be arranged in a vertical gradient in the inner cavity 4 according to different settling velocities. Based on the material composition and the height of the inner valve 9, the settling velocities of the four phases (carbon, alumina, cryolite, and fluorite) are calculated. The inner valves 9 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material flows through the first channel 11 into the outer cavity 2. The outer valves 10 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material is output through the second channel 15 to a drying centrifuge for centrifugal drying. The centrifugation speed is 2500 rpm, and the drying time is 30 min. After centrifugation, the separated material and dispersant solution are obtained. The dispersant solution is then passed through a multi-effect evaporator to separate the solute and solvent for reuse.

[0041]

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The present invention provides a method for fine classification and separation centrifugation of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, employing a fine classification and separation centrifugation device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag. The specific process is as follows:

[0044] Step 1: Crush and ball-mill the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag (composed of carbon, alumina, cryolite and fluorite) until the particle size is less than 200 mesh, and then sieve it for later use.

[0045] Step 2: Add the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag prepared in Step 1 and the dispersant solution (using a 6 mol / L sucrose solution) together into the inner cavity 4. The volume of the carbon slag should be 60% of the volume of the dispersant solution. Start the motor 7 and clutch 8 to drive the locking screw 3 to rotate. The locking screw 3 drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate. First, centrifuge at 4500 rpm for 8 minutes, then increase the centrifuge speed to 8000 rpm for 10 minutes. After the centrifugation, the different materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag will be arranged in a vertical gradient in the inner cavity 4 according to different settling velocities. Based on the material composition and the height of the inner valve 9, the settling velocities of the four phases (carbon, alumina, cryolite, and fluorite) are calculated. The inner valves 9 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material flows through the first channel 11 into the outer cavity 2. The outer valves 10 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material is output through the second channel 15 to a drying centrifuge for centrifugal drying. The centrifugation speed is 2500 rpm, and the drying time is 30 min. After centrifugation, the separated material and dispersant solution are obtained. The dispersant solution is then passed through a multi-effect evaporator to separate the solute and solvent for reuse.

[0046]

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The present invention provides a method for fine classification and separation centrifugation of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, employing a fine classification and separation centrifugation device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag. The specific process is as follows:

[0049] Step 1: Crush and ball-mill the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag (composed of carbon, alumina, cryolite and fluorite) until the particle size is less than 200 mesh, and then sieve it for later use.

[0050] Step 2: Add the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag prepared in Step 1 and the dispersant solution (using a 5 mol / L sucrose solution) together into the inner cavity 4. The volume of the carbon slag should be 40% of the volume of the dispersant solution. Start the motor 7 and clutch 8 to drive the locking screw 3 to rotate. The locking screw 3 drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate. First, centrifuge at 3500 rpm for 8 minutes, then increase the centrifuge speed to 5000 rpm for 25 minutes. After the centrifugation, the different materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag will be arranged in a vertical gradient in the inner cavity 4 according to different settling velocities. Based on the material composition and the height of the inner valve 9, the settling velocities of the four phases (carbon, alumina, cryolite, and fluorite) are calculated. The inner valves 9 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material flows through the first channel 11 into the outer cavity 2. The outer valves 10 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material is output through the second channel 15 to a drying centrifuge for centrifugal drying. The centrifugation speed is 1500 rpm, and the drying time is 40 min. After centrifugation, the separated material and dispersant solution are obtained. The dispersant solution is then passed through a multi-effect evaporator to separate the solute and solvent for reuse.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] The present invention provides a method for fine classification and separation centrifugation of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, employing a fine classification and separation centrifugation device for electrolytic aluminum carbon slag. The specific process is as follows:

[0053] Step 1: Crush and ball-mill the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag (composed of carbon, alumina, cryolite and fluorite) until the particle size is less than 200 mesh, and then sieve it for later use.

[0054] Step 2: Add the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag prepared in Step 1 and the dispersant solution (using a 6 mol / L sucrose solution) together into the inner cavity 4. The volume of the carbon slag should be 50% of the volume of the dispersant solution. Start the motor 7 and clutch 8 to drive the locking screw 3 to rotate. The locking screw 3 drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate. First, centrifuge at 5000 rpm for 3 minutes, then increase the centrifuge speed to 8500 rpm for 8 minutes. After the centrifugation, the different materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag will be arranged in a vertical gradient in the inner cavity 4 according to different settling velocities. Based on the material composition and the height of the inner valve 9, the settling velocities of the four phases (carbon, alumina, cryolite, and fluorite) are calculated. The inner valves 9 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material flows through the first channel 11 into the outer cavity 2. The outer valves 10 corresponding to different materials are opened, and the material is output through the second channel 15 to a drying centrifuge for centrifugal drying. The centrifugation speed is 3500 rpm, and the drying time is 10 min. After centrifugation, the separated material and dispersant solution are obtained. The dispersant solution is then passed through a multi-effect evaporator to separate the solute and solvent for reuse.

Claims

1. A centrifugal device for fine classification and separation of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, characterized in that, Includes a housing (1), a centrifuge chamber support seat (5) is provided inside the housing (1), a centrifuge cylinder with a top opening is provided above the centrifuge chamber support seat (5), a locking screw (3) is engaged inside the centrifuge cylinder, the bottom end of the locking screw (3) passes through the centrifuge chamber support seat (5) and is connected to the output shaft of a motor (7), and the motor (7) is located on the inner bottom of the housing (1); The centrifuge cylinder includes an inner wall (12), a sandwich layer (14), and an outer wall (13) arranged sequentially from the axis outward. The inner wall (12) is a hollow column. Several racks (16) are evenly arranged along the circumference on the side wall of the inner wall (12) away from the sandwich layer (14). Several racks (16) mesh with locking screws (3). The inner wall (12) and the sandwich layer (14) form an inner cavity (4), and the sandwich layer (14) and the outer wall (13) form an outer cavity (2). 4) Several first channels (11) are arranged sequentially along its axial direction. One end of each first channel (11) is connected to the inner cavity (4), and the other end of each first channel (11) is connected to the outer cavity (2). An inner cavity valve (9) is provided at the connection between each first channel (11) and the inner cavity (4). Several second channels (15) are arranged sequentially between the outer wall (13) and the shell (1) along the shell axial direction. Each second channel (15) is connected to the outside of the shell (1). The number of the second channel (15) is equal to that of the first channel (11) and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. Each first channel (11) and its corresponding second channel (15) are set in a straight line. An external cavity valve (10) is provided at the connection between each of the second channel (15) and the outer wall (13); The end of each of the first channels (11) near the inner wall (12) is higher than the end of the first channel (11) near the outer wall (13); The output shaft of the motor (7) is connected to a clutch (8), which is connected to the bottom end of the locking screw (3).

2. The electrolytic aluminum slag fine classification and separation centrifugal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the housing (1) is provided with several foot suction cups (6).

3. A method for fine classification and centrifugation of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag, characterized in that, The specific process of using the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag fine classification and separation centrifugal device according to any one of claims 1 to 2 is as follows: Step 1: Crush and ball-mill the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag until the particle size is less than 200 mesh, and then sieve it for later use; Step 2: Add the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag and dispersant solution prepared in Step 1 into the inner cavity (4). Start the motor (7) and clutch (8) to drive the locking screw (3) to rotate. The locking screw (3) drives the centrifuge cylinder to rotate for centrifugation. After centrifugation, different materials in the electrolytic aluminum carbon slag are arranged in a vertical gradient in the inner cavity (4) according to different settling speeds. According to the material composition and the height of the inner cavity valve (9), open the inner cavity valve (9) corresponding to different materials and let them flow into the outer cavity (2) through the first channel (11). Open the outer cavity valve (10) corresponding to different materials and let them be output to the drying centrifuge through the second channel (15) for centrifugal drying. After centrifugation, separate the materials and dispersant solution. Pass the dispersant solution through a multi-effect evaporator to separate the solute and solvent of the dispersant solution for reuse. In step 2, the centrifugation process parameters for the centrifuge cylinder are as follows: first, centrifuge at a speed of 3500 rpm to 5000 rpm for 3 min to 8 min, then increase the centrifugation speed to 5000 rpm to 8500 rpm for 8 min to 25 min; The process parameters for centrifugal drying are: centrifugal speed of 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm and drying time of 10 min to 45 min.

4. The method for fine classification and centrifugation of electrolytic aluminum carbon slag according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 2, the volume of the carbon residue is 40% to 60% of the volume of the dispersant solution.

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