A mechanism for retinal splitting and posterior scleral reinforcement hand mold and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement manual mold, which comprises a support and a mold body arranged on the support, wherein the mold body comprises an outer surface unit and a sagittal plane unit; the outer surface unit is provided with a simulated heterogenous scleral sheath for simulating a posterior scleral reinforcement position; a simulated heterogenous sclera is arranged in the simulated heterogenous scleral sheath; the sagittal plane unit is provided with an oblique support layer for simulating retinal schisis; and the sagittal plane unit is provided with a gas pipeline for injecting and / or sucking out gas into and / or out of the oblique support layer. The application further provides a use method of the retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement manual mold. The whole mold is designed according to the retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement caused by high myopia, and has high simulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ophthalmic molds, and in particular to a manual mold for the mechanism of retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery, and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there is no commercially available manual model that can demonstrate the mechanism of retinal schisis caused by high myopia and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery on-site. Since the recipients are not ophthalmologists, they lack understanding of the structure and function of the eye. When medical personnel explain the mechanism of retinal schisis caused by high myopia and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery to them, relying solely on pictures or verbal descriptions makes it difficult for patients to understand. This leads to communication barriers in preoperative explanations and the potential for postoperative disputes. Furthermore, during clinical internships, ophthalmology students often have a limited understanding of ocular anatomy, and instructors relying solely on pictures or verbal descriptions fail to provide sufficient comprehension of the teaching content, resulting in ineffective teaching. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a manual mold for the mechanism of retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery and its usage method. The entire mold is designed to simulate the mechanism of retinal schisis caused by high myopia and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery, and has a high degree of simulation.

[0004] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: A manual mold for retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery includes a support and a mold body mounted on the support. The mold body includes an outer unit and a sagittal unit. The outer unit is provided with a simulated allogeneic scleral sheath for simulating the posterior scleral reinforcement position. The simulated allogeneic scleral sheath contains a simulated allogeneic sclera. The sagittal unit is provided with an oblique support layer for simulating retinal schisis. The sagittal unit is provided with a gas conduit for injecting and / or drawing gas into the oblique support layer.

[0005] Preferably, the sagittal unit further includes the cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, lens, suspensory ligament, ora serrata, choroid, vitreous body, retina, optic disc, and macula, and the oblique support layer is disposed between the inner surface of the retina and the inner surface of the choroid.

[0006] Preferably, the oblique support layer is disposed in the retinal region with a radius of 1.5 to 2.5 cm centered on the macula.

[0007] Preferably, the outer unit further includes the superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle, superior oblique muscle, and inferior oblique muscle. The simulated allogeneic scleral sheath originates at the serrated edge of the medial surface of the superior rectus muscle, bypasses the external projection area of ​​the macula behind it, and terminates at the serrated edge of the medial surface of the inferior rectus muscle.

[0008] Preferably, the inclined support layer is composed of a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous breathable membrane.

[0009] Preferably, the periphery of the sagittal unit is a transparent structure.

[0010] A method for using a manual mold for retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery includes the following steps: S1. When gas is injected into the inclined support layer through the gas pipeline, the layers of the inclined support layer stand up, simulating retinal detachment and elongation of the axial length, simulating the axial length of a highly myopic eye. S2. When gas is extracted into the inclined support layer through the gas pipeline, the layers of the inclined support layer overlap, simulating a normal retina. S3. At the starting point of the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath, place the simulated allogeneic sclera into the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath and manually demonstrate the posterior scleral reinforcement procedure.

[0011] This application has the following advantages over the prior art: The manual model of the retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery described in this application, along with its usage method, vividly, accurately, and intuitively expresses the retinal schisis mechanism through a reasonable structural design. Its high degree of simulation facilitates understanding and mastery by the audience. Furthermore, since early intervention and treatment of retinal schisis can reduce the occurrence and progression of fundus complications, and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery can currently delay or temporarily control the disease's development, the model clearly shows the ocular anatomy and surgical path of the posterior scleral reinforcement surgery, thus enhancing the understanding and mastery of the procedure by the audience. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the manual mold for retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sagittal unit simulating retinal schisis in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sagittal unit simulating a normal retina in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5for Figure 4 Rear view; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the surgical method and process of simulating posterior scleral reinforcement in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure label: 1. Frame; 2. Mold body; 21. Outer unit; 2101. Simulated allogeneic scleral sheath; 2102. Allogeneic sclera; 2103. Superior rectus muscle; 2104. Inferior rectus muscle; 2105. Medial rectus muscle; 2106. Lateral rectus muscle; 2107. Superior oblique muscle; 2108. Inferior oblique muscle; 2201. Oblique support layer; 2202. Gas tubing; 2203. Cornea; 2204. Sclera; 2205. Iris; 2206. Ciliary body; 2207. Lens; 2208. Suspensory ligament; 2209. Serratus serration; 2210. Choroid; 2211. Vitreous body; 2212. Retina; 2213. Optic disc; 2214. Macula. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] like Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a manual mold for the mechanism of retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery, including a support 1 and a mold body 2 disposed on the support 1. The mold body 2 includes an outer unit 21 and a sagittal unit. The outer unit 21 is provided with a simulated allogeneic scleral sheath 2101 for simulating the position of posterior scleral reinforcement. The simulated allogeneic scleral sheath 2101 contains a simulated allogeneic sclera 2102. The allogeneic sclera 2102 is made of light yellow transparent plastic material to facilitate placement into the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath 2101. The sagittal unit is provided with an oblique support layer 2201 for simulating retinal schisis. The sagittal unit is provided with a gas conduit 2202 for injecting and / or drawing gas into the oblique support layer 2201.

[0017] In this embodiment, the sagittal plane unit further includes the cornea 2203, sclera 2204, iris 2205, ciliary body 2206, lens 2207, suspensory ligament 2208, ora serrata 2209, choroid 2210, vitreous body 2211, retina 2212, optic disc 2213, and macula 2214. An oblique support layer 2201 is disposed between the inner surface of the retina 2212 and the inner surface of the choroid 2210.

[0018] In this embodiment, the oblique support layer 2201 is disposed within the retinal 2212 region with a radius of 2 cm centered on the macula 2214. The oblique support layer 2201 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene microporous breathable membrane (selected from product CNF-PDM001 manufactured by Hangzhou Changnuo Fluorine New Material Technology Co., Ltd., with a thickness of 70 μm and a density of 18-20 g / m³). 2 The air permeability is 6-7 L / m² 2 It consists of / s). Air is injected or drawn out through the gas pipe 2202. The gas flows in and out with the power of injection and suction. When the gas is injected, it passes through the gas-permeable membrane and permeates between layers to realize the retinal split structure (specifically: when the gas is injected into the mold through the gas pipe 2202, the airflow permeates through the EPTFE microporous gas-permeable membrane under pressure to the layers between the inclined support layers 2201, filling the gaps between the layers, so that the side layers of the staggered inclined support layers 2201 stand up, simulating the retinal split structure).

[0019] In this embodiment, the outer unit 21 also includes the superior rectus muscle 2103, the inferior rectus muscle 2104, the medial rectus muscle 2105, the lateral rectus muscle 2106, the superior oblique muscle 2107, and the inferior oblique muscle 2108. The simulated allogeneic scleral sheath 2101 originates at the serrated edge of the medial surface of the superior rectus muscle 2103, bypasses the external projection area of ​​the macula 2214 behind it, and terminates at the serrated edge of the medial surface of the inferior rectus muscle 2104.

[0020] In this embodiment, the periphery of the sagittal plane unit is entirely transparent, providing direct visual communication. The internal components—the lens 2207, suspensory ligament 2208, choroid 2211 (transparent light red), sclera 2204 (transparent), and retina 2212—are made of (transparent light yellow) tempered glass. The inner layer of the retina 2212 in the region surrounding the macula 2214 (approximately 2 cm outwards from the macula) is made of highly elastic rubber, simulating the pathological structure of retinal schisis using a microporous breathable membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The choroid 2210 and sclera 2204 regions, approximately 2 cm in radius around the macula 2214, are also made of highly elastic rubber.

[0021] A method for using a manual mold for retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery includes the following steps: S1. When gas is injected into the inclined support layer 2201 through the gas pipeline 2202, the layers of the inclined support layer 2201 stand up, simulating retinal detachment and elongation of the axial length, simulating the axial length of a highly myopic eye. S2. When gas is extracted into the inclined support layer 2201 through the gas pipeline 2202, the layers of the inclined support layer 2201 overlap, simulating a normal retina. S3. At the beginning of the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath 2101, place the simulated allogeneic sclera 2102 into the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath 2101, and manually demonstrate the posterior scleral reinforcement process. The posterior scleral reinforcement path is as follows: the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath 2101 starts at the "serrated edge" of the "medial surface of the superior rectus muscle 2103" → bypasses the "external projection area of ​​the macula 2214" behind it → ends at the "serrated edge" of the "medial surface of the inferior rectus muscle 2104".

[0022] In this embodiment, the reason for using "air injection" instead of "water injection" is that "air injection" allows the gas to permeate through the EPTFE microporous breathable membrane into the interlayer spaces of the inclined support layer 2201, filling the interlayer gaps and ensuring uniform gas dispersion, resulting in better simulation of "retinal schisis". If "water injection" is used, the water sinks due to gravity, preventing dispersion between the layers of the inclined support layer 2201, leading to uneven verticality of the layers and poor simulation of "retinal schisis".

[0023] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A manual mold for the mechanism of retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery, characterized in that, The system includes a support (1) and a mold body (2) mounted on the support (1). The mold body (2) includes an outer unit (21) and a sagittal unit. The outer unit (21) is provided with a simulated allogeneic scleral sheath (2101) for simulating the position of posterior scleral reinforcement. A simulated allogeneic sclera (2102) is inserted into the simulated allogeneic sclera (2102). The sagittal unit is provided with an oblique support layer (2201) for simulating retinal schisis. The sagittal unit is provided with a lateral support layer (2201). Gas conduits (2202) for injecting and / or extracting gas within the oblique support layer (2201); the oblique support layer (2201) is composed of a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous breathable membrane, and the oblique support layer (2201) has staggered side layers. When gas is injected, the gas permeates through the micropores to the space between the side layers, causing the side layers to stand up; the oblique support layer (2201) is located in the retinal (2212) region with a radius of 1.5 to 2.5 cm centered on the macula (2214).

2. The manual mold for retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sagittal unit also includes the cornea (2203), sclera (2204), iris (2205), ciliary body (2206), lens (2207), suspensory ligament (2208), ora serrata (2209), choroid (2210), vitreous body (2211), retina (2212), optic disc (2213), and macula (2214). The oblique support layer (2201) is disposed between the inner surface of the retina (2212) and the inner surface of the choroid (2210).

3. The manual mold for retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer unit (21) also includes the superior rectus muscle (2103), the inferior rectus muscle (2104), the medial rectus muscle (2105), the lateral rectus muscle (2106), the superior oblique muscle (2107), and the inferior oblique muscle (2108). The simulated allogeneic scleral sheath (2101) originates at the serrated edge of the medial surface of the superior rectus muscle (2103), bypasses the external projection area of ​​the macula (2214) behind it, and terminates at the serrated edge of the medial surface of the inferior rectus muscle (2104).

4. The manual mold for the mechanism of retinal schisis and posterior scleral reinforcement according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The periphery of each sagittal unit is a transparent structure.

5. A method of using a manual mold for the retinal schisis mechanism and posterior scleral reinforcement surgery as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The following steps are included: S1. When gas is injected into the inclined support layer (2201) through the gas pipeline (2202), the layers of the inclined support layer (2201) stand up, simulating retinal detachment and elongation of the axial length, simulating the axial length of a highly myopic eye. S2. When gas is extracted into the inclined support layer (2201) through the gas pipeline (2202), the layers of the inclined support layer (2201) overlap, simulating a normal retina; S3. At the beginning of the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath (2101), place the simulated allogeneic sclera (2102) into the simulated allogeneic scleral sheath (2101) and manually demonstrate the posterior scleral reinforcement procedure.

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