Multifunctional polishing device for vehicle lamp parts

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of automotive lighting component manufacturing technology, and in particular to a multifunctional grinding device for automotive lighting components. The device includes a mold adapted to a lamp cover and having a positioning part for positioning the lamp cover. Magnetic components are installed on the mold at locations corresponding to the recesses or arcuate parts of the lamp cover. A slide rail is located on the upper side of the mold and is arc-shaped. A sandblasting assembly is mounted on the slide rail and is driven by a power component to move along the slide rail. The sandblasting assembly sprays iron filings. This invention facilitates grinding of various parts of the lamp cover, improving grinding accuracy and production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive lighting component manufacturing technology, and in particular to a multi-functional grinding device for automotive lighting components. Background Technology

[0002] Headlights are an important component of a car. They provide illumination for the driver at night or in low visibility conditions, and also serve as a signal transmitter to ensure driving safety.

[0003] Automotive headlight covers are mostly made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, commonly known as acrylic or plexiglass) or polycarbonate (PC) through injection molding. The material is heated to a molten state and then injected into a precision-designed mold. After the mold cools, the formed headlight cover is removed. The formed headlight cover needs to undergo annealing to eliminate internal stress and improve its durability. After grinding and polishing, the headlight cover is then machined, such as drilling and trimming.

[0004] Grinding of automotive headlight covers typically refers to the fine finishing of the cover surface to remove imperfections from the manufacturing process, such as burrs, gate marks, small dents, or scratches. After applying a coating, drilling and trimming are then performed. Currently, sandblasting is a common method for surface treatment of automotive headlight covers. However, existing sandblasting systems often use automated processes, which may not thoroughly grind irregular or recessed areas, requiring manual re-sandblasting and reducing production efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, those skilled in the art are dedicated to developing a multi-functional grinding device for automotive lamp components, which facilitates grinding of various parts of the lamp cover, thereby improving grinding accuracy and production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-functional grinding device for automotive lamp parts, which facilitates grinding of various parts of the lamp cover and improves grinding accuracy and production efficiency.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0008] A multi-functional grinding device for automotive headlight components, comprising:

[0009] A mold adapted to a lampshade and having a positioning part for positioning the lampshade, wherein a magnetic component is installed on the mold at a position corresponding to the recess or arc of the lampshade;

[0010] A slide rail, located on the upper side of the mold, and the slide rail is arc-shaped;

[0011] A sandblasting assembly is mounted on the slide rail and driven by a power unit to move along the slide rail. The sand particles sprayed by the sandblasting assembly are iron sand.

[0012] The beneficial effects of adopting the above scheme are: when polishing the lampshade, the lampshade is placed on the mold, the positioning part on the mold accurately positions and fixes the lampshade, and the high-speed airflow pushes fine iron sand to impact the surface of the lampshade, thereby polishing the surface of the lampshade;

[0013] During the polishing process, the fine iron sand is subjected to the magnetic force of the magnetic components, causing the iron sand to move more towards the concave or arc-shaped parts of the lampshade surface. This increases the impact frequency between the concave or arc-shaped parts and the iron sand, which helps to quickly polish the concave or arc-shaped parts into shape and reduces subsequent manual polishing and repair.

[0014] At the same time, the magnetic component generates a magnetic field. When the fine iron sand moves toward the lampshade, it cuts the magnetic field lines of the magnetic component, causing induced charges to be generated at both ends of the fine iron sand. When the charged iron sand polishes the surface of the lampshade, the charge will be transferred to the surface of the lampshade, increasing the contact temperature between the iron sand and the surface of the lampshade. In addition, the charged lampshade will make the burrs on the surface of the lampshade stand up, which is beneficial for the fine iron sand to polish the surface of the lampshade and improve polishing efficiency.

[0015] The slide rail is located on the upper side of the mold. The power unit drives the sandblasting assembly to move along the slide rail, so that the sandblasting end of the sandblasting assembly can uniformly polish the surface of the lampshade and improve the polishing accuracy of the lampshade surface.

[0016] In summary, the power unit drives the sandblasting assembly to slide along the slide rail to grind and shape the various surfaces of the lampshade. Under the magnetic force of the magnetic component, the iron sand tends to be drawn towards the concave or arc-shaped parts of the lampshade, reducing the need for subsequent manual grinding and repair.

[0017] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0018] Furthermore, the sandblasting assembly performs intermittent sandblasting.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: intermittent sandblasting avoids continuous stress on the lamp cover surface, which can lead to lamp cover deformation. At the same time, for the initial polishing, the sandblasting component can be used for non-intermittent polishing. The initial sandblasting component is used for continuous sandblasting, and intermittent sandblasting is used in the subsequent fine polishing process, which further increases the polishing speed of the lamp cover and improves the polishing accuracy.

[0020] Furthermore, the sandblasting assembly includes a sandblasting pipe, with a first detection camera and a second detection camera respectively disposed on both sides of the sandblasting pipe. Both the first detection camera and the second detection camera are mounted on a moving block, and both the first detection camera and the second detection camera are electrically connected to a control device.

[0021] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are as follows: When moving forward for grinding, the first detection camera captures the surface of the lampshade and transmits the detection information to the control device, which helps the control device to control the local sandblasting time of the sandblasting component based on the information of the lampshade surface. The second detection camera acts as negative feedback and transmits the grinding information to the control device. When moving backward for grinding, the second detection camera captures the information of the lampshade surface and transmits it to the control device. The first detection camera acts as negative feedback, thereby accurately controlling the local sandblasting time of the sandblasting component.

[0022] Furthermore, the shooting frequency of the first detection camera and the second detection camera is greater than the intermittent sandblasting frequency of the sandblasting assembly.

[0023] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: the shooting frequency of the detection camera is greater than the sandblasting frequency of the sandblasting component, which is conducive to the detection camera capturing information on the surface of the lampshade, reducing the influence of sand particles, and at the same time, it is conducive to the control device to make real-time analysis and judgment to control the intermittent sandblasting time of the sandblasting component on the surface of the lampshade.

[0024] Furthermore, an electronic filament for discharging electricity into sand particles is installed inside the sandblasting pipe. A sand particle acceleration component is installed on the sandblasting pipe near the outlet, the acceleration component including an acceleration coil wound around the outside of the sandblasting pipe;

[0025] The control module is electrically connected to the magnetic component and is used to provide excitation current to the magnetic component. The control module is used to receive image information transmitted by the first detection camera and the second detection camera, and to transmit the image information to the control device.

[0026] The control device analyzes and judges the image information. If the flatness of the lampshade shown in the image information meets the requirements, the control device sends a first instruction to the control module. The control module sends an acceleration instruction to the power component and a current reduction instruction to the acceleration coil according to the first instruction, so that the power component drives the sandblasting assembly to move faster, while reducing the magnetic field generated by the acceleration coil.

[0027] If the flatness of the lampshade displayed in the image information does not meet the requirements, the control device sends a second instruction to the control module. The control module sends a deceleration instruction to the power component and a current enhancement instruction to the acceleration coil according to the second instruction, so that the power component drives the sandblasting assembly to decelerate and move, while increasing the magnetic field generated by the acceleration coil.

[0028] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are as follows: the electronic filament is used to spray electrons onto the moving sand grains, causing the charged particles to adhere to the sand grains and make them charged; the sand grain acceleration component uses an acceleration coil to accelerate the charged sand grains, increasing the sand grain spraying speed; the heat generated by the electronic filament is carried away by compressed air, preventing damage to the electronic filament due to excessive temperature; the heat carried by the compressed air is also used to heat the headlight cover, softening the surface of the cover and improving the sandblasting efficiency.

[0029] The sand particles are mainly propelled by compressed air to a certain speed before acting on the lampshade surface. When the pressure and speed of the compressed air reach a certain level, further increasing the pressure and speed of the compressed air to accelerate the sand particles will be difficult due to shock waves, sound barriers, and fluid dynamic limitations generated by the compressed air. Therefore, by electrifying the sand particles and accelerating them electromagnetically, the final velocity of the sand particles can be further increased, thereby improving the impact efficiency between the sand particles and the lampshade surface and thus improving the polishing efficiency.

[0030] Furthermore, the control device judges the surface quality of the lampshade based on the image information. When the surface quality of the lampshade meets the requirements, the control device sends a first command to the control module. The control module sends an acceleration command to the power component based on the first command, causing the power component to drive the sandblasting assembly to move faster and reduce the sandblasting time. When the surface quality of the lampshade does not meet the requirements, the control device sends a second command to the control module. The control module sends a deceleration command to the power component based on the second command, causing the power component to drive the sandblasting assembly to move slower and increase the sandblasting time.

[0031] At the same time, the first and second instructions also act on the acceleration coils respectively, judging the quality of the lampshade surface based on the image information. When the surface quality meets the requirements, the acceleration effect of the acceleration coil on the charged sand particles is reduced until it is gone, avoiding excessive sandblasting and polishing of the lampshade surface. When the surface quality does not meet the requirements, the acceleration effect of the acceleration coil on the charged sand particles is increased, enhancing the polishing efficiency of the lampshade surface.

[0032] When charged sand grains strike the surface of the lampshade, electrons are transferred, causing the lampshade surface to become charged. This allows burrs to stand up, making it easier to polish and improving the efficiency of sandblasting and polishing the lampshade.

[0033] Furthermore, the sandblasting assembly is also equipped with a coating assembly.

[0034] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: the coating component is used to coat the polished lampshade, which facilitates subsequent processing and reduces damage to the lampshade surface.

[0035] Furthermore, the coating assembly includes a clamping component, which is mounted on the sandblasting assembly and electrically connected to the control device. The mold sidewall is provided with a coating box that cooperates with the clamping component.

[0036] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are as follows: During sandblasting, compressed air blows away the particles on the surface of the lampshade. After the sandblasting is completed, the clamping component clamps the film in the film-coating box. When the power component drives the sandblasting assembly to move, it pulls out the film and covers the surface of the lampshade. The lampshade is an insulator. During sandblasting, the charge adheres to the surface of the lampshade, so that the film adheres tightly to the surface of the lampshade under the action of charged particles.

[0037] Furthermore, the clamping component includes an electromagnet and a clamping member, the clamping member being installed at the output end of the electromagnet for clamping the film inside the film-coating box.

[0038] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the control component controls the electromagnet's movement, which facilitates the clamping component in holding the film. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-functional grinding device for vehicle headlight components according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a sandblasting pipe structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0043] 1. Mold; 2. Lampshade; 3. Magnetic component; 4. Slide rail; 5. Sandblasting assembly; 6. Sandblasting pipe; 7. First inspection camera; 8. Second inspection camera; 9. Control device; 10. Electronic filament; 11. Acceleration coil; 12. Clamping component; 13. Coating box; 14. Grinding box; 15. Viewing window. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "length," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "inner," "outer," "circumferential," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a multi-functional grinding device for automotive headlight components includes...

[0049] Mold 1 is adapted to lampshade 2 and has a positioning part for positioning lampshade 2. Magnetic component 3 is installed on the part of mold 1 corresponding to the concave part or arc part of lampshade 2.

[0050] Slide rail 4 is located on the upper side of mold 1 and is arc-shaped;

[0051] The sandblasting component 5 is mounted on the slide rail 4 and is moved along the slide rail 4 by a power component. The sand particles sprayed by the sandblasting component 5 are iron sand. Iron sand is a metallic abrasive made from iron ore, which has high hardness, good wear resistance, and can also have a certain degree of magnetism.

[0052] In this invention, when polishing the lampshade 2, the lampshade 2 is placed on the mold 1. The positioning part on the mold 1 accurately positions and fixes the lampshade 2. The high-speed airflow pushes fine iron sand to impact the surface of the lampshade 2, thereby polishing the surface of the lampshade 2.

[0053] During the polishing process, the fine iron sand is subjected to the magnetic force of the magnetic component 3, causing the iron sand to move more towards the concave or arc-shaped parts on the surface of the lampshade 2, thereby increasing the impact frequency between the concave or arc-shaped parts and the iron sand, which is conducive to quickly polishing the concave or arc-shaped parts into shape and reducing subsequent manual polishing and repair.

[0054] The slide rail 4 is located on the upper side of the mold 1. The power component drives the sandblasting assembly 5 to move along the slide rail 4, so that the sandblasting end of the sandblasting assembly 5 can uniformly polish the surface of the lampshade 2, thereby improving the polishing accuracy of the lampshade 2 surface.

[0055] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the sandblasting assembly 5 includes a sandblasting pipe 6, which is mounted on a movable block. One end of the sandblasting pipe 6 is connected to a compressed air delivery pipe and a sand delivery pipe, and the other end of the sandblasting pipe 6 faces the lamp cover 2. A first detection camera 7 and a second detection camera 8 are respectively arranged on both sides of the sandblasting pipe 6. Both the first detection camera 7 and the second detection camera 8 can be industrial cameras. Both the first detection camera 7 and the second detection camera 8 are mounted on the movable block and are electrically connected to a control device 9. The power component drives the movable block to move, thereby driving the detection cameras and the sandblasting pipe 6 to move.

[0056] During forward grinding, the first detection camera 7 captures images of the lampshade 2 surface and transmits the detection information to the control device 9. This allows the control device 9 to control the local sandblasting time of the sandblasting assembly 5 based on the information from the lampshade 2 surface. The second detection camera 8 acts as negative feedback and transmits grinding information to the control device 9. During reverse grinding, the second detection camera 8 captures images of the lampshade 2 surface and transmits the information to the control device 9. The first detection camera 7 acts as negative feedback, thereby precisely controlling the local sandblasting time of the sandblasting assembly 5.

[0057] To further improve polishing accuracy, the sandblasting component 5 performs intermittent sandblasting, and the shooting frequency of the first detection camera 7 and the second detection camera 8 is higher than the intermittent sandblasting frequency of the sandblasting component 5. Intermittent sandblasting avoids continuous stress on the lamp cover surface, which could lead to lamp cover deformation. Simultaneously, for the initial polishing, the sandblasting component 5 can use non-intermittent polishing. Initially, continuous sandblasting is used, while subsequent detailed polishing processes use intermittent sandblasting, further increasing the polishing rate and improving the polishing accuracy of the lamp cover. During the forward polishing process, the first detection camera 7 first transmits the detection image information to the control device 9. The control device 9 controls the sandblasting component 5 to perform sandblasting. The first detection camera 7 continuously and intermittently captures images and transmits the detection information to the control device 9. The control device 9 controls the moving speed and duration of the sandblasting component 5 based on the continuously transmitted detection information. Since the shooting frequency of the first inspection camera 7 is higher than the sandblasting frequency of the sandblasting assembly 5, when the sandblasting assembly 5 pauses, the first inspection camera 7 can promptly transmit the inspection image information to the control device 9, thereby facilitating the control device 9 to control the movement speed of the sandblasting assembly 5. Simultaneously, the second inspection camera 8 transmits the polished inspection information to the control device 9, allowing the control device 9 to determine whether to perform a second polishing. During reverse polishing, the second inspection camera 8 acts as the inspection camera, and the first inspection camera 7 acts as negative feedback; the polishing method is the same as the forward polishing method.

[0058] The lampshade 2 is made of injection molding. The air pressure or flow rate inside the sandblasting assembly 5 cannot be too high to avoid damaging the surface of the lampshade 2. If the air pressure or flow rate is too low, the movement speed of the sand particles will not meet the requirements, resulting in low grinding efficiency. To improve the movement speed of the sand particles, a sand particle acceleration assembly is added in this application. Specifically, an electronic filament 10 for discharging to the sand particles is installed inside the sandblasting pipe 6. The electronic filament 10 can be made of tungsten wire or tantalum wire. The electronic filament 10 is spiral or spiral coil-shaped and connected to the cathode to discharge to the sand particles, making the sand particles charged, which is beneficial for subsequent acceleration and coating. A sand particle acceleration component is installed on the sandblasting pipe 6 near the outlet. In this embodiment, the acceleration component includes an acceleration coil 11, which is wound around the outside of the sandblasting pipe 6. The acceleration coil 11 forms a magnetic field when wound around the sandblasting pipe 6. When the charged sand particles pass through the magnetic field, they are subjected to the magnetic force, thereby accelerating the sand particles.

[0059] The control module is electrically connected to the magnetic component 3 and is used to provide excitation current to the magnetic component 3. The control module is used to receive image information transmitted by the first detection camera 7 and the second detection camera 8, and transmit the image information to the control device.

[0060] The control device analyzes and judges the image information. If the flatness of the lampshade shown in the image information meets the requirements, the control device sends a first instruction to the control module. The control module sends an acceleration instruction to the power component and a current reduction instruction to the acceleration coil 11 according to the first instruction, so that the power component drives the sandblasting assembly 5 to move faster, while reducing the magnetic field generated by the acceleration coil 11.

[0061] If the flatness of the lampshade displayed in the image information does not meet the requirements, the control device sends a second instruction to the control module. The control module sends a deceleration instruction to the power component and a current enhancement instruction to the acceleration coil 11 according to the second instruction, so that the power component drives the sandblasting assembly 5 to decelerate and move, while enhancing the magnetic field generated by the acceleration coil 11.

[0062] After polishing, the surface of the lampshade 2 needs to be coated to reduce damage to the surface of the lampshade 2 in subsequent processes. Specifically, the sandblasting assembly 5 is also equipped with a coating assembly, which includes a clamping component 12. The clamping component 12 is installed on the sandblasting assembly 5 and is electrically connected to the control device 9. The mold 1 has a coating box 13 on its side wall that cooperates with the clamping component 12.

[0063] The clamping component 12 includes an electromagnet and a clamping element. The clamping element is installed at the output end of the electromagnet and is used to clamp the film inside the coating box 13. After grinding, the moving component drives the sandblasting assembly 5 to move back to the initial position. The control device 9 controls the electromagnet to drive the clamping element to clamp the film inside the coating box 13. The moving component drives the sandblasting assembly 5 to move and pull the film out of the coating box 13 and cover the surface of the lampshade 2, reducing manual operation. At the same time, since the sand particles are charged and when the sand particles hit the surface of the lampshade 2, some of the charge is transferred to the surface of the lampshade 2 to form static electricity. Under the action of static electricity, the film will adhere more tightly to the surface of the lampshade 2, improving the coating efficiency.

[0064] The slide rail 4, mold 1, etc. are all installed inside the grinding box 14. The control device 9 is installed on the outer wall of the grinding box 14. A viewing window 15 and a material discharge window are also installed on the outer wall of the grinding box 14. The viewing window 15 allows the operator to observe the working conditions inside the grinding box 14 so as to make corresponding operations in time. An abrasive recycling device is also installed at the bottom of the grinding box 14 to recycle the abrasive for the next sandblasting.

[0065] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional grinding device for automotive headlight components, characterized in that: Includes a mold (1), which is adapted to the lampshade (2) and has a positioning part for positioning the lampshade (2). A magnetic component (3) is installed on the mold (1) at a position corresponding to the recess or arc of the lampshade (2). The slide rail (4) is located on the upper side of the mold (1) and the slide rail (4) is arc-shaped; Sandblasting assembly (5), the sandblasting assembly (5) is mounted on the slide rail (4) and the power unit drives the sandblasting assembly (5) to move along the slide rail (4), the sand particles sprayed by the sandblasting assembly (5) are iron sand; The sandblasting assembly (5) includes a sandblasting pipe (6), and a first detection camera (7) and a second detection camera (8) are respectively provided on both sides of the sandblasting pipe (6). The first detection camera (7) and the second detection camera (8) are both mounted on a moving block, and the first detection camera (7) and the second detection camera (8) are both electrically connected to a control device (9). The sandblasting pipe (6) is equipped with an electronic filament (10) for discharging electricity to sand particles. A sand-accelerating component is installed on the sandblasting pipe (6) and near the outlet. The accelerating component includes an accelerating coil (11) which is wound around the outside of the sandblasting pipe (6). The control module is electrically connected to the magnetic component (3) and is used to provide excitation current to the magnetic component (3). The control module is used to receive image information transmitted by the first detection camera (7) and the second detection camera (8) and transmit the image information to the control device. The control device analyzes and judges the image information. If the flatness of the lampshade displayed in the image information meets the requirements, the control device sends a first instruction to the control module. The control module sends an acceleration instruction to the power component and a current reduction instruction to the acceleration coil (11) according to the first instruction, so that the power component drives the sandblasting assembly (5) to move faster and at the same time reduces the magnetic field generated by the acceleration coil (11). If the flatness of the lampshade shown in the image information does not meet the requirements, the control device sends a second instruction to the control module. The control module sends a deceleration instruction to the power component and a current enhancement instruction to the acceleration coil (11) according to the second instruction, so that the power component drives the sandblasting assembly (5) to decelerate and move, while enhancing the magnetic field generated by the acceleration coil (11). The sandblasting assembly (5) is also provided with a coating assembly; the coating assembly includes a clamping component (12), the clamping component (12) is installed on the sandblasting assembly (5), the clamping component (12) is electrically connected to the control device (9), and the mold (1) has a coating box (13) that cooperates with the clamping component (12) on its side wall; the clamping component (12) includes an electromagnet and a clamping element, the clamping element is installed at the output end of the electromagnet for clamping the coating inside the coating box (13); When the sand particles are charged and strike the surface of the lampshade (2), some of the charge is transferred to the surface of the lampshade (2) to form static electricity. Under the action of static electricity, the film will adhere even more tightly to the surface of the lampshade (2).

2. The multifunctional polishing device for vehicle lamp parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sandblasting component (5) is for intermittent sandblasting.

3. The multifunctional polishing device for vehicle lamp parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shooting frequency of the first detection camera (7) and the second detection camera (8) is greater than the intermittent sandblasting frequency of the sandblasting assembly (5).

Images