Non-preformed ice particle abrasive jet ice breaking device

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of polar icebreaking technology, specifically relating to a non-prefabricated ice particle abrasive jet icebreaking device. This invention employs ice particle abrasive jet icebreaking technology. High-pressure subcooled water stored in a high-pressure water-cooling system is sprayed into the water channel inside the mixing cylinder through a water nozzle. Simultaneously, liquid nitrogen enters the nitrogen channel from the liquid nitrogen inlet. Part of the high-pressure subcooled water in the water channel undergoes heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen and solidifies into ice particles. These ice particles are carried by the high-pressure subcooled water and ejected from the outlet of the mixing nozzle, forming an ice particle abrasive jet. This invention utilizes the high-speed impact of a two-phase mixture of water and ice particles against the ice layer to break ice. Furthermore, the ice particle abrasive does not require prefabrication, offering advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, and can be applied to icebreaking of polar ships.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of polar ice breaking technology, specifically relating to a non-prefabricated ice particle abrasive jet ice breaking device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous warming of the global climate, the coverage and thickness of Arctic sea ice have been shrinking, highlighting the rich resource, shipping, and scientific research value of the Arctic region. This places higher demands on the safety of polar vessels. Mastering effective icebreaking technology is crucial to ensuring the safety of ships navigating in polar regions. Traditional icebreaking methods rely on direct contact between the ship's hull and the sea ice, which requires high hull strength and is prone to damage. Currently, new icebreaking technologies such as high-pressure bubble icebreaking and water jet icebreaking have emerged to overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods.

[0003] Ice-particle abrasive jet ice breaking utilizes a high-speed impact of a two-phase mixture of water and ice particles against the ice layer to break ice. It boasts advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, but related research has not yet been conducted in academia. Therefore, studying the fluid-structure interaction problem of ice-particle abrasive jet ice breaking through mechanistic experiments has significant engineering application and scientific theoretical value for improving the design level and navigation safety of polar vessels.

[0004] In existing research, no jet-based ice-breaking experimental device using ice particles as abrasive has been found. Previous experimental devices for jet-based ice breaking, taking patent application number CN201910870465.5 as an example, used pure water jets to impact ice for breaking. The high-speed water jet generated instantaneous shock waves that acted on the ice surface could cause deformation and damage to the ice plate, and the water jet could directly impact the ice surface, causing bending damage. For example... Figure 1 As shown, after the pure water jet exits the nozzle, its pressure gradually decreases, going through three stages: the core section, the rupture section, and the droplet section. The pressure in the core section decreases slowly, while the pressure in the rupture section decreases sharply. Compared to pure water jets, abrasive jets have the advantages of a longer effective core section and higher effective core section pressure. The pressure of the abrasive jet impacting the wall is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the peak pressure in the compressible stage caused by the shock wave is almost identical to that of the pure water jet, while the average pressure in the incompressible stage is greater than that of the pure water jet. This is due to the impact of the abrasive on the wall. Therefore, the abrasive jet has a higher ice-breaking efficiency than the pure water jet.

[0005] Previous patent designs for abrasive jets, such as those with application numbers CN202311645790.4 and CN201810966834.6, mostly used ore particles as abrasives to cut materials such as metal, concrete, ceramics, and rock. However, jets using ore particles as abrasives are not suitable for polar icebreaking. On the one hand, carrying additional ore materials would reduce the economic efficiency of polar vessels; on the other hand, after icebreaking, the abrasive particles would inevitably be discharged into the seawater, potentially impacting the polar ecosystem. This device, however, uses ice particle abrasive jets. The low-temperature polar environment provides a natural environment for obtaining low-temperature water resources, which is conducive to generating high-strength ice particle abrasives. Polar vessels do not need to carry additional abrasives, and the discharge of ice particles into the seawater will not affect the ecological environment. It has advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, making it more suitable for polar icebreaking. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a non-pre-formed ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device.

[0007] A non-prefabricated ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device includes a high-pressure water cooling system, a water nozzle, a mixing cylinder, and a mixing nozzle. The mixing cylinder has a water channel and a nitrogen channel inside. The inlet of the water nozzle is connected to the high-pressure water cooling system, the outlet of the water nozzle is connected to the inlet of the water channel, and the outlet of the water channel is connected to the inlet of the mixing nozzle. The nitrogen channel is wrapped around the outside of the water channel, with one end connected to the liquid nitrogen inlet and the other end connected to the nitrogen outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the high-pressure subcooled water stored in the high-pressure water cooling system is sprayed into the water channel inside the mixing cylinder through the water nozzle. At the same time, liquid nitrogen enters the nitrogen channel from the liquid nitrogen inlet. Some of the high-pressure subcooled water in the water channel undergoes heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen and solidifies into ice particles. The ice particles are carried by the high-pressure subcooled water and sprayed out from the outlet of the mixing nozzle to form an ice particle abrasive jet. The nitrogen gas vaporized from the liquid nitrogen is discharged from the nitrogen gas outlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the high-pressure water cooling system includes a high-pressure pump, a high-pressure pipeline, and a heat exchanger; the high-pressure pump is used to pressurize the water flow in the high-pressure pipeline; the heat exchanger contains refrigerant; the main body of the high-pressure pipeline is bent into a coil and arranged inside the heat exchanger, immersed in the refrigerant, and the outlet of the high-pressure pipeline is connected to the inlet of the water nozzle through an insulated pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the insulated pipe uses insulating foam insulation to ensure that the water flowing into the water nozzle has sufficient pressure and a low temperature.

[0011] Furthermore, a water nozzle mounting port is provided at one end of the outer cylinder body of the mixing cylinder. The water nozzle mounting port is connected to the water channel inside the mixing cylinder through an injection pipe. The spray nozzle is connected to the inlet of the injection pipe, and the outlet of the injection pipe is connected to the inlet of the water channel. The mixing nozzle is inserted into the other end of the outer cylinder body of the mixing cylinder and directly connected to the outlet end of the water channel inside the mixing cylinder. The liquid nitrogen inlet and nitrogen outlet are respectively located on the left and right sides of the outer cylinder body of the mixing cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer side of the mixing nozzle not inserted into the mixing cylinder is covered with a heat insulation layer to ensure that the jet ejected from the mixing nozzle includes both water and ice particles.

[0013] Furthermore, the water channel adopts a gradually expanding water channel, with a smaller inlet radius and an outlet radius that is the same as the internal flow channel radius of the mixing nozzle.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0015] This invention employs ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking technology, using ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen to cool high-pressure subcooled water, forming ice particles. This creates a two-phase mixed abrasive jet containing water and ice particles at the nozzle. This invention utilizes the high-speed impact of the water-ice particle two-phase mixture on the ice layer to break ice. Furthermore, the ice particle abrasive does not require pre-fabrication, offering advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. It can be applied to icebreaking for polar vessels, ensuring their safe operation and facilitating the acquisition of low-temperature water resources in the polar environment, which is beneficial for generating high-strength ice particle abrasives. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the change in jet pressure.

[0017] Figure 2 A comparison chart showing the pressure of the jet impacting the wall.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the damage to the ice layer caused by the interaction of water jet and ice particle abrasive jet. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Based on the principle that high-pressure supercooled water and ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen undergo heat exchange and solidify into ice particles, this invention designs a non-pre-made ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device. It does not require the pre-preparation of ice particle abrasives and has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. It is suitable for research related to polar icebreaking.

[0022] A non-pre-formed ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device includes a high-pressure water cooling system 1, a water nozzle 3-1, a mixing cylinder 3-3, and a mixing nozzle 3-4. The mixing cylinder 3-3 has a water channel 3-3-1 and a nitrogen channel 3-3-2 inside. A water nozzle mounting port is opened at one end of the outer cylinder body of the mixing cylinder 3-3. The water nozzle mounting port is connected to the water channel 3-3-1 inside the mixing cylinder 3-3 through an injection pipe. The spray port of the water nozzle 3-1 is connected to the inlet of the injection pipe, and the outlet of the injection pipe is connected to the inlet of the water channel 3-3-1. The mixing nozzle 3-4 is inserted into the other end of the outer cylinder body of the mixing cylinder 3-3 and directly connected to the outlet end of the water channel 3-3-1 inside the mixing cylinder 3-3. The outer side of the part of the mixing nozzle 3-4 that is not inserted into the mixing cylinder 3-3 is covered with a heat insulation layer 3-5 to ensure that the jet ejected by the mixing nozzle 3-4 includes both water and ice particles. Nitrogen channel 3-3-2 surrounds water channel 3-3-1. One end of nitrogen channel 3-3-2 is connected to the liquid nitrogen inlet, and the other end is connected to the nitrogen outlet. The liquid nitrogen inlet and nitrogen outlet are respectively located on the left and right sides of the outer cylinder body of mixing cylinder 3-3. Water channel 3-3-1 adopts a gradually expanding water channel. The radius of the inlet end of water channel 3-3-1 is small, and the radius of the outlet end of water channel 3-3-1 is the same as the radius of the internal flow channel of mixing nozzle 3-4.

[0023] High-pressure subcooled water stored in the high-pressure water cooling system 1 is sprayed into the water channel 3-3-1 inside the mixing cylinder 3-3 by the water nozzle 3-1. At the same time, liquid nitrogen enters the nitrogen channel 3-3-2 from the liquid nitrogen inlet. Part of the high-pressure subcooled water in the water channel 3-3-1 undergoes heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen and solidifies into ice particles. The ice particles are carried by the high-pressure subcooled water and sprayed out from the outlet of the mixing nozzle 3-4, forming an ice particle abrasive jet. The nitrogen gas vaporized from the liquid nitrogen is discharged from the nitrogen outlet.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] This invention provides a non-pre-formed ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device, such as... Figure 3 As shown,

[0026] It mainly consists of three parts: a high-pressure water cooling system 1, an insulated pipe system 2, and a jet generation system 3. The high-pressure water cooling system 1 comprises a high-pressure pump 1-1, a high-pressure pipeline 1-2, and a heat exchanger 1-3. The high-pressure pump 1-1 is used to pressurize the water flow. One end of the high-pressure pipeline 1-2 is connected to the high-pressure pump 1-2, and the other end passes through the heat exchanger 1-3. The high-pressure pipeline in the heat exchanger is bent into a coil and immersed in refrigerant. A cooling compressor is used to cool the refrigerant, thereby cooling the high-pressure water in the high-pressure pipeline to obtain high-pressure subcooled water. The insulated pipe 2 uses insulating foam for insulation, with one end connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 1-3 and the other end connected to the inlet of the jet generation system 3, to ensure that the water flowing into the jet generation system has sufficient pressure and a low temperature. The jet generation system 3 comprises a water nozzle 3-1, a liquid nitrogen storage tank 3-2, a mixing tank 3-3, a mixing nozzle 3-4, and an insulation layer 3-5. The water channel 3-3-1 in the middle of the mixing tank 3-3 is connected to water nozzle 3-1 at the upper end and mixing nozzle 3-4 at the lower end. The nitrogen channel 3-3-2 on the periphery of the mixing tank 3-3 is connected to the liquid nitrogen inlet at the right end and the nitrogen outlet at the left end, and the nitrogen channel 3-3-2 surrounds the water channel 3-3-1. High-pressure subcooled water is sprayed into the water channel 3-3-1 in the mixing tank 3-3 through water nozzle 3-1, while ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen enters the nitrogen channel 3-3-2 through the right inlet of the mixing tank 3-3. Some of the high-pressure subcooled water undergoes heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen in the mixing tank, solidifying into ice particles, and vaporizes the liquid nitrogen into nitrogen gas. The generated nitrogen gas is discharged from the left side of the mixing tank 3-3, while the ice particles are carried by the high-pressure subcooled water into the mixing nozzle 3-4. The mixing nozzle 3-4 is wrapped by the heat insulation layer 3-5 to ensure that the jet ejected from the mixing nozzle includes both water and ice particles.

[0027] A high-pressure pump 1-1 pressurizes the water flow, bringing the internal pressure of the jet to 10 MPa. When liquid nitrogen at -196℃ exchanges heat with the high-pressure subcooled water in mixing cylinder 3-3, ice particles with a diameter of 0.2mm-0.5mm are generated, vaporizing the liquid nitrogen into nitrogen gas, which is discharged from the left side of mixing cylinder 3-3. The generated ice particles, carried by the high-pressure subcooled water, enter the 4mm diameter mixing nozzle, forming an ice particle abrasive jet at the nozzle outlet. Compared to a pure water jet under the same conditions, the ice particle abrasive jet can reduce the time required to penetrate an ice layer of the same thickness by 40%-50%, increasing the ice-breaking efficiency by 2-3 times.

[0028] For a comparison of the ice-breaking effect of the ice particle abrasive jet and the water jet ice-breaking effect produced by this device, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 Compared to water jet ice breaking, ice particle abrasive jets create additional tiny cracks in the ice layer due to the high-speed impact of the ice particles. These additional tiny cracks weaken the ice layer's load-bearing capacity, thus improving ice breaking efficiency at a lower cost.

[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-pre-formed ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device, characterized in that: The system includes a high-pressure water cooling system (1), a water nozzle (3-1), a mixing cylinder (3-3), and a mixing nozzle (3-4). The mixing cylinder (3-3) has a water channel (3-3-1) and a nitrogen channel (3-3-2) inside. The inlet of the water nozzle (3-1) is connected to the high-pressure water cooling system (1), the outlet of the water nozzle (3-1) is connected to the inlet of the water channel (3-3-1), and the outlet of the water channel (3-3-1) is connected to the inlet of the mixing nozzle (3-4). The nitrogen channel (3-3-2) is wrapped around the outside of the water channel (3-3-1), and one end of the nitrogen channel (3-3-2) is connected to a liquid nitrogen inlet. The other end is connected to the nitrogen outlet; the high-pressure water cooling system (1) includes a high-pressure pump (1-1), a high-pressure pipeline (1-2), and a heat exchanger (1-3); the high-pressure pump (1-1) is used to pressurize the water flow in the high-pressure pipeline (1-2); the heat exchanger (1-3) contains refrigerant; the main body of the high-pressure pipeline (1-2) is bent into a coil and arranged in the heat exchanger (1-3), immersed in the refrigerant, and the outlet of the high-pressure pipeline (1-2) is connected to the inlet of the water nozzle (3-1) through an insulated pipe (2); a water nozzle mounting port is opened at one end of the outer cylinder body of the mixing cylinder (3-3), and the water nozzle mounting port is connected to the nitrogen outlet. The injection pipe is connected to the water channel (3-3-1) inside the mixing cylinder (3-3). The nozzle (3-1) is connected to the inlet of the injection pipe, and the outlet of the injection pipe is connected to the inlet of the water channel (3-3-1). The mixing nozzle (3-4) is inserted into the other end of the outer cylinder of the mixing cylinder (3-3) and directly connected to the outlet end of the water channel (3-3-1) inside the mixing cylinder (3-3). The liquid nitrogen inlet and nitrogen outlet are respectively located on the left and right sides of the outer cylinder of the mixing cylinder (3-3). The water channel (3-3-1) adopts a gradually expanding water channel, and the inlet of the water channel (3-3-1) is... The outlet radius of the water channel (3-3-1) is small, and the outlet radius of the water channel (3-3-1) is the same as the internal flow channel radius of the mixing nozzle (3-4). The high-pressure water cooling system (1) stores the high-pressure pressurized cold water, which is sprayed into the water channel (3-3-1) inside the mixing cylinder (3-3) through the water nozzle (3-1). At the same time, liquid nitrogen enters the nitrogen channel (3-3-2) from the liquid nitrogen inlet. Some of the high-pressure subcooled water in the water channel (3-3-1) undergoes heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen and solidifies into ice particles. The ice particles are carried by the high-pressure subcooled water and sprayed out from the outlet of the mixing nozzle (3-4) to form an ice particle abrasive jet. The nitrogen gas vaporized from the liquid nitrogen is discharged from the nitrogen gas outlet.

2. The non-pre-formed ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulated pipe (2) uses insulating foam to ensure that the water flowing into the water nozzle (3-1) has sufficient pressure and a low temperature.

3. The non-pre-formed ice particle abrasive jet ice-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the mixing nozzle (3-4) not inserted into the mixing cylinder (3-3) is covered with a heat insulation layer (3-5) to ensure that the jet ejected from the mixing nozzle (3-4) includes both water and ice particles.

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