Fan blade coating, method of making same, and fan blade

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and discloses a fan blade coating, a preparation method thereof and a fan blade. The fan blade coating comprises a bottom layer, a top layer is arranged on a part of the upper surface of the bottom layer, the bottom layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane, and the top layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane and nano silicon dioxide. The fan blade can effectively prolong icing time and shorten deicing time, and effectively improve the anti-icing performance and deicing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation technology, specifically to a wind turbine blade coating, its preparation method, and wind turbine blades. Background Technology

[0002] Wind turbine power generation is a common method of power generation. Currently, wind turbine power generation technology is relatively mature. However, when wind turbines encounter humid air, salt spray, rain, snow, or even supercooled water droplets, ice and / or icing can occur on the blades. Long-term increased load on the blades will affect their lifespan, and the original airfoil of the blades will also change, affecting the load and output of the wind turbine unit, thus significantly reducing the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine.

[0003] Currently, a common anti-icing method involves coating the blade surface with superhydrophobic materials to form a superhydrophobic coating, thereby reducing water retention on the blade surface and achieving anti-icing. However, overall, the problem of low de-icing efficiency or poor anti-icing effect still exists. Superhydrophobic coatings are an effective method to prevent or delay icing. This is because the micro-nano structure of the superhydrophobic coating contains a large number of air cushions, which can effectively delay icing and reduce the adhesion strength of ice. For example, when ice comes into contact with the surface of the superhydrophobic coating, it is isolated by the superhydrophobic layer, thus greatly reducing the adhesion strength of the ice. However, the ice adhesion of the superhydrophobic coating is positively correlated with the icing area. As the icing area increases, the ice adhesion also increases. Therefore, when the surface area of ​​the wind turbine blade is large, it cannot play a good role in de-icing. Patent application CN116731608A discloses a composite functionalized anti-icing coating for the surface of wind turbine blades, comprising the following components: micro-nano carbon components, nano metal oxide components, organosilicon polymer components, fluorine-containing polymer components, and liquid strongly polar organic solvent components. Although the coating described in this invention has good hydrophobicity, photothermal, electrothermal stability, and mechanical stability, its anti-icing and de-icing performance is still relatively poor.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a wind turbine blade coating and its preparation method, as well as wind turbine blades, that can effectively extend the icing time and shorten the de-icing time, thereby effectively improving anti-icing and de-icing performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem of poor anti-icing and de-icing performance of existing wind turbine blades, and to provide a wind turbine blade coating, its preparation method, and the wind turbine blade itself. This technical solution can effectively extend the icing time and shorten the de-icing time, and effectively improve the anti-icing and de-icing performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a wind turbine blade coating comprising a base layer and a top layer disposed on a portion of the upper surface of the base layer. The base layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, and polydimethylsiloxane, and the top layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and nano-silica.

[0007] Preferably, based on the total weight of the bottom layer, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-25% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-15% by weight, and the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-40% by weight.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom layer also contains iron(II,III) oxide.

[0009] Preferably, based on the total weight of the bottom layer, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-25% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-15% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-40% by weight, and the content of iron oxide is 5-10% by weight.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 600-1000 μm.

[0011] Preferably, based on the total weight of the top layer, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-50% by weight, and the content of nano-silica is 10-25% by weight.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the nano-silica is 50-100 nm.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the top layer is 300-500 μm.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a coating for wind turbine blades, the method comprising the following steps:

[0015] (1) Polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane and ethanol are mixed to form a first coating, and the first coating is applied to the surface of the blade and cured to form a base layer;

[0016] (2) Polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, nano-silica and toluene are mixed to form a second coating, and the second coating is partially applied to the bottom layer and cured to form a top layer.

[0017] Preferably, based on the total weight of the first coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-20% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-10% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-30% by weight, and the content of ethanol is 10-20% by weight.

[0018] Preferably, the first coating further contains iron(III) oxide.

[0019] Preferably, based on the total weight of the first coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-20% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-10% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-30% by weight, the content of ethanol is 10-20% by weight, and the content of iron oxide is 5-10% by weight.

[0020] Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 600-1000 μm.

[0021] Preferably, the conditions for the first curing include: a temperature of 120-140°C and a time of 2-4 hours.

[0022] Preferably, based on the total weight of the second coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-40% by weight, the content of nano-silica is 10-20% by weight, and the content of toluene is 15-30% by weight.

[0023] Preferably, the particle size of the nano-silica is 50-100 nm.

[0024] Preferably, the thickness of the top layer is 300-500 μm.

[0025] Preferably, the conditions for the second curing include: a temperature of 90-100°C and a time of 3-5 hours.

[0026] A third aspect of the present invention provides a wind turbine blade, comprising a blade and a wind turbine blade coating formed on the surface of the blade, the wind turbine blade coating being prepared by the method described above.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0028] (1) The wind turbine blades described in this invention improve the heat absorption performance of the wind turbine blade coating through the synergistic effect of carbon black and aluminum oxide, thereby improving its anti-icing performance.

[0029] (2) The wind turbine blades described in this invention improve the hydrophobic properties of the wind turbine blade coating through the synergistic effect of polytetrafluoroethylene and polydimethylsiloxane, and realize a firm connection between the wind turbine blade coating and the blade or between the bottom layer and the top layer.

[0030] (3) The wind turbine blades of the present invention form a local height difference by setting a top layer on a local surface of the bottom layer. The ice directly contacts the top layer or the bottom layer. The ice adhesion surface has a height difference. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of the top layer is improved under the action of nano silica. As a result, the overall adhesion force is uneven during the ice block freezing process, which prolongs the freezing time and achieves long-term and effective anti-icing.

[0031] (4) The wind turbine blades of the present invention promote the hydrophobic properties of the top layer through the uneven adhesion of the whole ice block, thereby reducing the adhesion of the ice. Moreover, under the heat absorption of the bottom layer, the ice at the top layer is more easily removed locally, destroying the overall adhesion of the ice, and thus enabling rapid de-icing. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the wind turbine blade described in this invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0034] 1. Blade; 2. Bottom layer; 3. Top layer. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0036] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention includes a bottom layer 2, and a top layer 3 is partially disposed on the upper surface of the bottom layer 2. The bottom layer 2 contains polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane, and the top layer 3 contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane and nano-silica. The wind turbine blade coating described in this invention improves its heat absorption performance through the synergistic effect of carbon black and aluminum oxide, thereby enhancing its anti-icing performance. The synergistic effect of polytetrafluoroethylene and polydimethylsiloxane improves the hydrophobicity of the wind turbine blade coating, achieving a strong connection between the wind turbine blade coating and blade 1 or the bottom layer 2 and top layer 3. The top layer 3 is partially set on the upper surface of the bottom layer 2, creating a local height difference. Ice directly contacts the top layer 3 or the bottom layer 2, resulting in a height difference in the ice adhesion surface. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the top layer 3 is enhanced by the action of nano-silica, leading to uneven overall adhesion during ice formation, prolonging the freezing time and achieving long-lasting and effective anti-icing. Moreover, the uneven adhesion of the ice promotes the hydrophobicity of the top layer 3, reducing the ice's adhesion force. Under the heat absorption effect of the bottom layer 2, the ice at the top layer 3 is more easily removed locally, disrupting the overall adhesion force of the ice and enabling rapid de-icing.

[0038] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, based on the total weight of the bottom layer 2, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene can be 30-50% by weight, preferably 35-45% by weight; the content of carbon black can be 10-25% by weight, preferably 15-20% by weight; the content of aluminum oxide can be 5-15% by weight, preferably 7-12% by weight; and the content of polydimethylsiloxane can be 25-40% by weight, preferably 25-35% by weight.

[0039] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, in order to improve the anti-icing and de-icing performance of the wind turbine blade, the bottom layer 2 preferably contains iron oxide.

[0040] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, based on the total weight of the bottom layer 2, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene can be 30-50% by weight, preferably 35-45% by weight; the content of carbon black can be 10-25% by weight, preferably 15-20% by weight; the content of aluminum oxide can be 5-15% by weight, preferably 7-12% by weight; the content of polydimethylsiloxane can be 25-40% by weight, preferably 25-35% by weight; and the content of iron oxide can be 5-15% by weight, preferably 6-12% by weight.

[0041] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, the thickness of the bottom layer 2 can be 600-1000μm, preferably 700-900μm.

[0042] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, based on the total weight of the top layer 3, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene can be 30-50% by weight, preferably 41-50% by weight; the content of polydimethylsiloxane can be 25-50% by weight, preferably 25-40% by weight; and the content of nano-silica can be 10-25% by weight, preferably 12-25% by weight.

[0043] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, the particle size of the nano-silica can be 50-100nm.

[0044] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, the thickness of the top layer 3 can be 300-500μm, preferably 350-450μm.

[0045] In the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention, in order to improve the anti-icing and de-icing performance, there is preferably a gap between adjacent top layers 3, and the gap between adjacent top layers 3 is more preferably 2-4 cm.

[0046] In some embodiments, the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention includes a base layer 2, and a top layer 3 is partially disposed on the upper surface of the base layer 2. The base layer 2 contains polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, and polydimethylsiloxane, and the top layer 3 contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and nano-silica. Based on the total weight of the base layer 2, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-25% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-15% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-40% by weight, and the thickness of the base layer 2 is 600-1000 μm. Based on the total weight of the top layer 3, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-50% by weight, the content of nano-silica is 10-25% by weight, the particle size of the nano-silica is 50-100 nm, and the thickness of the top layer 3 is 300-500 μm.

[0047] In other embodiments, the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention includes a base layer 2, and a top layer 3 is partially disposed on the upper surface of the base layer 2. The base layer 2 contains polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane, and iron oxide, and the top layer 3 contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and nano-silica. Based on the total weight of the base layer 2, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-25% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-15% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-40% by weight, the content of iron oxide is 5-15% by weight, and the thickness of the base layer 2 is 600-1000 μm. Based on the total weight of the top layer 3, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-50% by weight, the content of nano-silica is 10-25% by weight, the particle size of the nano-silica is 50-100 nm, and the thickness of the top layer 3 is 300-500 μm.

[0048] This invention also provides a method for preparing a coating for wind turbine blades, the method comprising the following steps:

[0049] (1) Polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane and ethanol are mixed to form a first coating, and the first coating is applied to the surface of the wind turbine blade 1 and cured to form a base layer 2;

[0050] (2) Polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, nano-silica and toluene are mixed to form a second coating, and the second coating is partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured for a second time to form a top layer 3.

[0051] According to the method described in this invention, the combined use of carbon black and aluminum oxide improves the heat absorption performance of the material, thereby enhancing its anti-icing performance. Furthermore, the combined use of polytetrafluoroethylene and polydimethylsiloxane enhances the hydrophobicity, achieving a firm connection between the bottom layer 2 and the blade 1, or between the bottom layer 2 and the top layer 3. Moreover, the use of nano-silica enhances the hydrophobicity of the top layer 3. The local height difference between the top layer 3 and the overall bottom layer 2 results in a height difference on the adhesion surface of the ice formed during freezing, leading to uneven overall adhesion during ice formation. This prolongs the freezing time, achieving long-lasting and effective anti-icing. After freezing, due to the uneven adhesion of the overall ice, the hydrophobicity of the top layer 3 is better, and the ice adhesion is weaker. Under the heat absorption of the bottom layer 2, the ice at the top layer 3 is more easily locally removed, disrupting the overall adhesion of the ice and enabling rapid de-icing.

[0052] In the method described in this invention, based on the total weight of the first coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene can be 30-40% by weight, preferably 32-38% by weight; the content of carbon black can be 10-20% by weight, preferably 12-18% by weight; the content of aluminum oxide can be 5-10% by weight, preferably 6-9% by weight; the content of polydimethylsiloxane can be 20-30% by weight, preferably 22-28% by weight; and the content of ethanol can be 10-20% by weight, preferably 12-18% by weight.

[0053] In the method described in this invention, in order to improve the anti-icing and de-icing performance of the wind turbine blades, the first coating preferably contains iron(III) oxide.

[0054] In the method described in this invention, based on the total weight of the first coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene can be 30-40% by weight, preferably 32-38% by weight; the content of carbon black can be 10-20% by weight, preferably 12-18% by weight; the content of aluminum oxide can be 5-10% by weight, preferably 6-9% by weight; the content of polydimethylsiloxane can be 20-30% by weight, preferably 22-28% by weight; the content of ethanol can be 10-20% by weight, preferably 12-18% by weight; and the content of iron oxide can be 5-10% by weight, preferably 6-9% by weight.

[0055] In the method described in this invention, the thickness of the bottom layer 2 can be 600-1000 μm, preferably 700-900 μm.

[0056] In the method described in this invention, the conditions for the first curing include: a temperature of 120-140°C, preferably 125-135°C; and a time of 2-4 hours, preferably 2.5-3.5 hours.

[0057] In the method described in this invention, based on the total weight of the second coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene can be 30-40% by weight, preferably 32-38% by weight; the content of polydimethylsiloxane can be 20-40% by weight, preferably 22-38% by weight; the content of nano-silica can be 10-20% by weight, preferably 12-18% by weight; and the content of toluene can be 15-30% by weight, preferably 22-28% by weight.

[0058] In the method described in this invention, the particle size of the nano-silica can be 50-100 nm.

[0059] In the method described in this invention, the thickness of the top layer 3 can be 300-500 μm, preferably 350-450 μm.

[0060] In the method described in this invention, in order to improve the anti-icing performance and de-icing performance, a gap is preferably present between adjacent top layers 3, and the gap between adjacent top layers 3 is more preferably 2-4 cm.

[0061] In the method described in this invention, the conditions for the second curing include: a temperature of 90-100°C, preferably 92-98°C; and a time of 3-5 hours, preferably 3.5-4.5 hours.

[0062] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) A first coating is formed by mixing polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane and ethanol. Based on the total weight of the first coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-20% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-10% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-30% by weight, and the content of ethanol is 10-20% by weight. The first coating is applied to the surface of the fan blade 1 and cured at a temperature of 120-140℃ for 2-4 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 600-1000μm.

[0064] (2) Polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and toluene are mixed to form a second coating. Based on the total weight of the second coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-40% by weight, the content of nano-silica is 10-20% by weight, and the content of toluene is 15-30% by weight. The second coating is partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at a temperature of 90-100℃ for 3-5 hours to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 300-500μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 is 2-4cm.

[0065] In other embodiments, the method for preparing the wind turbine blade coating of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) A first coating is formed by mixing polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane, iron oxide and ethanol. Based on the total weight of the first coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-20% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-10% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-30% by weight, the content of ethanol is 10-20% by weight, and the content of iron oxide is 5-10% by weight. The first coating is applied to the surface of the blade 1 and cured at a temperature of 120-140℃ for 2-4 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 600-1000μm.

[0067] (2) Polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and toluene are mixed to form a second coating. Based on the total weight of the second coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-40% by weight, the content of nano-silica is 10-20% by weight, and the content of toluene is 15-30% by weight. The second coating is partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at a temperature of 90-100℃ for 3-5 hours to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 300-500μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 is 2-4cm.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, a third aspect of the present invention provides a wind turbine blade, including a blade 1 and a wind turbine blade coating formed on the surface of the blade 1, the wind turbine blade coating being prepared by the method described above.

[0069] The wind turbine blades according to the present invention can effectively extend the icing time and shorten the de-icing time, thereby effectively improving the anti-icing performance and de-icing performance.

[0070] The following examples further illustrate the wind turbine blade coating, its preparation method, and the wind turbine blade of the present invention. These examples are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, providing detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0071] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials used in the following embodiments are commercially available.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] (1) 40 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 15 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 25 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000) and 15 parts by weight of ethanol were mixed to form a first coating. The first coating was applied to the surface of the blade 1 and cured at 120°C for 4 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 800 μm. The content of each component of the base layer 2 was recorded in Table 1.

[0074] (2) 30 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 25 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 15 parts by weight of nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and 30 parts by weight of toluene were mixed to form a second coating. The second coating was partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at 90°C for 3 hours to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 300μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 was 3cm. The content of each component of the top layer 3 was recorded in Table 2.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] (1) 30 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 10 parts by weight of carbon black, 10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 30 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000) and 20 parts by weight of ethanol were mixed to form a first coating. The first coating was applied to the surface of the blade 1 and cured at 140°C for 2 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 1000 μm. The content of each component of the base layer 2 was recorded in Table 1.

[0077] (2) 35 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 40 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 10 parts by weight of nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and 15 parts by weight of toluene were mixed to form a second coating. The second coating was partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at 90°C for 4 hours to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 400μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 was 3cm. The content of each component of the top layer 3 was recorded in Table 2.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] (1) 30 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 20 parts by weight of carbon black, 10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 30 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000) and 10 parts by weight of ethanol were mixed to form a first coating. The first coating was applied to the surface of the blade 1 and cured at 130°C for 3 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 600 μm. The content of each component of the base layer 2 was recorded in Table 1.

[0080] (2) 40 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 20 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 20 parts by weight of nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and 20 parts by weight of toluene were mixed to form a second coating. The second coating was partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at 100℃ for 5h to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 500μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 was 3cm. The content of each component of the top layer 3 was recorded in Table 2.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] (1) 40 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 15 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 25 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 5 parts by weight of iron oxide and 10 parts by weight of ethanol were mixed to form a first coating. The first coating was applied to the surface of the blade 1 and cured at 120°C for 4 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 800 μm. The content of each component of the base layer 2 was recorded in Table 1.

[0083] (2) 30 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 25 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 15 parts by weight of nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and 30 parts by weight of toluene were mixed to form a second coating. The second coating was partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at 90°C for 3 hours to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 300μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 was 3cm. The content of each component of the top layer 3 was recorded in Table 2.

[0084] Example 5

[0085] (1) 30 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 10 parts by weight of carbon black, 10 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 20 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 10 parts by weight of iron oxide and 20 parts by weight of ethanol were mixed to form a first coating. The first coating was applied to the surface of the blade 1 and cured at 140°C for 2 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 1000 μm. The content of each component of the base layer 2 was recorded in Table 1.

[0086] (2) 35 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 40 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 10 parts by weight of nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and 15 parts by weight of toluene were mixed to form a second coating. The second coating was partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at 95°C for 4 hours to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 400μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 was 3cm. The content of each component of the top layer 3 was recorded in Table 2.

[0087] Example 6

[0088] (1) 30 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 20 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 30 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 5 parts by weight of iron oxide and 10 parts by weight of ethanol were mixed to form a first coating. The first coating was applied to the surface of the blade 1 and cured at 130°C for 3 hours to form a base layer 2 with a thickness of 600 μm. The content of each component of the base layer 2 was recorded in Table 1.

[0089] (2) 40 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., item number 469319), 20 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (purchased from Haimaclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight of 1000), 20 parts by weight of nano-silica with a particle size of 50-100nm and 20 parts by weight of toluene were mixed to form a second coating. The second coating was partially applied to the bottom layer 2 and cured at 100℃ for 5h to form a top layer 3 with a thickness of 500μm. The gap between adjacent top layers 3 was 3cm. The content of each component of the top layer 3 was recorded in Table 1.

[0090] Example 7

[0091] The method of Example 4 is implemented, except that in step (1), 5 parts by weight of iron(III) oxide is replaced with 5 parts by weight of aluminum(III) oxide.

[0092] Comparative Example 1

[0093] The method is implemented according to Example 4, except that in step (2), the second coating is partially applied to the bottom layer 2 instead of completely covering the bottom layer 2 with the second coating.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] The method is implemented according to Example 4, except that step (2) is omitted.

[0096] The wind turbine blades prepared according to Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to the following performance tests:

[0097] (1) Hydrophobicity: The contact angle was measured using a static contact angle measuring instrument; the prepared protective coating material was polished with sandpaper. After 1500 polishing tests, the hydrophobicity was tested again. It should be noted that the polishing positions in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were all at the top layer. The contact angles before and after polishing were recorded in Table 3.

[0098] (2) Anti-icing performance: Under the same sunlight, 20 μL water droplets were placed on the surface of a wind turbine blade laid flat in a -30℃ environment, and the freezing time of the water droplets and the time required for the ice to disappear were recorded in Table 4.

[0099] (3) De-icing performance: In an environment of -30℃ and 60% humidity, spray 20μL of water onto the surface of the fan blades. After the surface of the fan blades freezes with a layer of ice, place them under the same sunlight and record the time required for de-icing in Table 5.

[0100] Table 1

[0101]

[0102] Table 2

[0103] Example 1 42.9 35.7 21.4 Example 2 41.1 47.1 11.8 Example 3 50.0 25.0 25.0 Example 4 42.9 35.7 21.4 Example 5 41.1 47.1 11.8 Example 6 50.0 25.0 25.0 Example 7 42.9 35.7 21.4 Comparative Example 1 42.9 35.7 21.4 Comparative Example 2 - - -

[0104] Table 3

[0105] Example 1 155.6 151.2 Example 2 156.3 152.7 Example 3 157.2 150.8 Example 4 156.7 151.3 Example 5 155.3 150.6 Example 6 158.2 152.4 Example 7 156.7 151.5 Comparative Example 1 156.7 151.3 Comparative Example 2 150.2 135.4

[0106] As shown in Table 3, Examples 1-7 and Comparative Example 1 all exhibit good hydrophobic properties under the action of two layers of coating material, and in particular, they retain superhydrophobic properties even after polishing. Comparative Example 2, without a top layer, does not exhibit superhydrophobic properties after polishing.

[0107] Table 4

[0108] Example 1 632 112 Example 2 615 115 Example 3 624 118 Example 4 915 68 Example 5 906 65 Example 6 918 62 Example 7 635 108 Comparative Example 1 953 230 Comparative Example 2 511 315

[0109] As can be seen from Table 4, the freezing time required for Examples 1-3 is shorter than that for Examples 4-6, while the time required for ice to disappear is longer than that for Examples 4-6. This indicates that Examples 4-6 have better anti-icing performance. In addition, in Comparative Example 1, although the freezing time is longer when fully covered, the time required for ice to disappear is also longer. This may be related to the fact that the ice has a more uniform adhesion force after forming on the complete top layer. The overall ice has a strong binding force, making it difficult to eliminate. In Example 7, without iron oxide, the freezing time and the time required for ice to disappear are comparable to those of Examples 1-3. Comparative Example 2 has the worst anti-icing performance when there is no top layer.

[0110] Table 5

[0111] Example 1 62 Example 2 65 Example 3 67 Example 4 30 Example 5 28 Example 6 26 Example 7 63 Comparative Example 1 96 Comparative Example 2 128

[0112] As can be seen from Table 5, Examples 4-6 require the shortest de-icing time. The reason why Comparative Example 1 requires a long de-icing time is that the bottom surface of the ice is heated evenly, and the overall adsorption force of the ice is uniform, making it difficult to remove. Comparative Example 2 has the worst de-icing performance when there is no top layer.

[0113] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coating for wind turbine blades, characterized in that, The wind turbine blade coating includes a base layer, and a top layer is partially disposed on the upper surface of the base layer. The base layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane, and the top layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane and nano-silica. The bottom layer also contains iron(II) oxide; Based on the total weight of the bottom layer, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-25% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-15% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-40% by weight, and the content of iron oxide is 5-15% by weight. The thickness of the bottom layer is 600-1000μm; Based on the total weight of the top layer, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-50% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 25-50% by weight, and the content of nano-silica is 10-25% by weight. The thickness of the top layer is 300-500 μm; There is a gap between adjacent top layers, and the gap between adjacent top layers is 2-4 cm.

2. The wind turbine blade coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the nano-silica is 50-100 nm.

3. A method for preparing a coating for wind turbine blades, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane and ethanol are mixed to form a first coating, and the first coating is applied to the surface of the blade and cured to form a base layer; (2) Polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, nano-silica and toluene are mixed to form a second coating, and the second coating is partially applied to the bottom layer and then cured to form a top layer; The first coating also contains iron(III) oxide; Based on the total weight of the first coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of carbon black is 10-20% by weight, the content of aluminum oxide is 5-10% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-30% by weight, the content of ethanol is 10-20% by weight, and the content of iron oxide is 5-10% by weight. The thickness of the bottom layer is 600-1000μm; Based on the total weight of the second coating, the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30-40% by weight, the content of polydimethylsiloxane is 20-40% by weight, the content of nano-silica is 10-20% by weight, and the content of toluene is 15-30% by weight. The thickness of the top layer is 300-500 μm; There is a gap between adjacent top layers, and the gap between adjacent top layers is 2-4 cm.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first curing conditions include: a temperature of 120-140℃ and a time of 2-4 hours.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The particle size of the nano-silica is 50-100 nm.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conditions for the second curing process include a temperature of 90-100℃ and a time of 3-5 hours.

7. A wind turbine blade, comprising a blade and a wind turbine blade coating formed on the surface of the blade, characterized in that, The wind turbine blade coating is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 3-6.

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