An automatic detection device for measuring the construction depth based on the sanding method

Abstract

The application provides an automatic detection equipment for measuring construction depth based on sand paving method, and relates to the technical field of highway subgrade pavement field test. The automatic detection equipment comprises a sand box with a box body and a sand outlet mechanism. The inside of the box body is formed with a sand containing cavity. A sand outlet opening is arranged at the bottom of the box body and is communicated with the sand containing cavity. The sand outlet mechanism controls the opening and closing of the sand outlet opening. A sand measuring cylinder has a cylinder body, a bottom plate and an opening and closing mechanism. The top of the cylinder body is in position cooperation with the sand outlet opening. The bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body and can close the containing cavity. The opening and closing mechanism drives the bottom plate to move up and down. The top surface of the bottom plate is a conical surface protruding upward. The bottom surface of the bottom plate is a plane. A circle spreading driving mechanism is connected with the sand measuring cylinder. The circle spreading driving mechanism drives the sand measuring cylinder to move in the vertical direction and / or the horizontal direction. An identification and measurement device is used to identify the area of the spread sand and calculate the construction depth. The automatic detection equipment can realize the full-automatic detection of the pavement construction depth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of highway subgrade and pavement field testing technology, and in particular to an automatic detection device for measuring the depth of the structure based on the sand-laying method. Background Technology

[0002] Texture depth, also known as pavement texture depth, is an important indicator of pavement roughness. It refers to the average depth of the open pores on a given area of ​​pavement surface, primarily used to assess the macroscopic roughness, drainage performance, and skid resistance of the pavement surface. To characterize pavement texture depth, volumetric techniques were initially used for measurement, with the manual sand-spreading method being a representative approach. Representative standards include:

[0003] a) United States: ASTM E965 - "Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Depth Using a Volumetric Technique"

[0004] b) Europe: EN 13036-1 - "Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 1: Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using avolumetric patch technique"

[0005] c) Australia: AS / NZS 4586:2013 - "Slip resistance classification of newpedestrian surface materials" (This standard involves testing the texture depth as part of the evaluation of slip resistance performance);

[0006] d) China: "Specifications for Field Testing of Highway Subgrade and Pavement" (JTG 3450—2019).

[0007] In the "Specifications for Field Testing of Highway Subgrade and Pavement", T 0961-1995 "Method for Testing Pavement Texture Depth by Manual Sand Spreading Method" specifies the following operational steps for testing pavement texture depth using the manual sand spreading method:

[0008] (1) Preparations:

[0009] Sand preparation: Take clean, fine sand, dry it, and sieve it. Take a sample of sand (0.15–0.30 mm) and place it in a suitable container for later use. The sand should be used only once during the test and must not be reused. Select the cross-sectional location of the measuring point on the road section. The measuring point should be located on the wheel track of the lane and at least 1 meter from the edge of the road surface.

[0010] (2) Test steps:

[0011] Clean the road surface: Use a broom or brush to clean the road surface near the measuring point, covering an area of ​​no less than 30cm × 30cm.

[0012] Measuring the sand: Slowly pour the prepared measuring sand into the measuring cylinder using a small shovel until it rises above the cylinder to form a pointed top. Hold the cylinder by the top and gently tap the middle of the cylinder three times with a steel ruler. Then, use a scraper to level the sand along the edge of the cylinder opening. Note that you should not directly fill the measuring cylinder with measuring sand, as this may affect the uniformity of the sand density.

[0013] Spreading the sand: Pour the sand onto the road surface and use a shovel to spread it repeatedly from the inside out. Apply slight pressure to spread the sand evenly outwards, filling the gaps in the road surface. Spread the sand into a round shape as much as possible, and ensure that no loose sand remains on the surface. Note that excessive force or pushing outwards should not be used during spreading.

[0014] Measure the diameter: Use a steel ruler to measure the diameter in two perpendicular directions of the circle formed, and take the average value, accurate to 1 mm. Alternatively, a special ruler can be used to directly measure the construction depth.

[0015] Repeated testing: Following the above method, conduct no fewer than three parallel tests at the same location, with all three testing points located on the wheel track and a spacing of (3-5) m between the testing points. The same test should be performed by the same technician. The test location at this location is indicated by the position of the middle testing point.

[0016] (3) Data processing:

[0017] Calculate the construction depth using the formula Where V is the volume of sand (25cm³). 3 D is the average diameter (mm) of the spread sand.

[0018] Average value: The average value of three pavement texture depth tests at each test location is taken as the test result, accurate to 0.01 mm. When the average value is less than 0.2 mm, the test result is expressed as <0.2 mm.

[0019] All of the above steps are performed manually. However, manual operation is cumbersome, the steps are not connected, and the operation is greatly affected by the operator, which makes it easy to make mistakes.

[0020] In view of this, based on years of experience in production and design in this and related fields, the inventor has designed an automatic detection device for measuring the depth of a structure based on the sand-spreading method through repeated experiments, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0021] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic detection device for measuring the texture depth of road surfaces based on the sand-spreading method, which can realize fully automatic detection of road texture depth.

[0022] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes an automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-laying method, wherein the automatic detection device comprises:

[0023] A sand box has a box body and a sand discharge mechanism. The box body is hollow and forms a sand-containing cavity. A sand discharge port is opened at the bottom of the box body and communicates with the sand-containing cavity. The sand discharge mechanism is located at the sand discharge port and controls the opening and closing of the sand discharge port.

[0024] A sand measuring cylinder has a cylinder body, a bottom plate, and an opening and closing mechanism. The cylinder body has a vertically penetrating cavity, the top of which is aligned with the sand outlet. The bottom plate is located at the bottom of the cylinder body and can close the cavity. The opening and closing mechanism is connected to the bottom plate and can drive the bottom plate to move up and down. The top surface of the bottom plate is an upwardly convex conical surface, and the bottom surface of the bottom plate is a plane.

[0025] A spreading drive mechanism is connected to the measuring cylinder, and the spreading drive mechanism drives the measuring cylinder to move in the vertical and / or horizontal directions;

[0026] An identification and measurement device is used to identify the area of ​​the rounded sand and calculate the structural depth.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following features and advantages:

[0028] The automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand spreading method proposed in this invention involves the following steps: In operation, the measuring sand inside the chamber is discharged to the measuring cylinder via a sand discharge mechanism and fills the cylinder. An opening and closing mechanism opens the bottom of the receiving cavity, allowing the measuring sand from the measuring cylinder to be poured onto the road surface to be tested. A spreading drive mechanism moves the measuring cylinder to evenly spread the sand using its bottom plate. Finally, an identification and measurement device identifies the area of ​​the spread sand and calculates the structural depth. The entire detection process is fully automated, requiring no additional manual intervention. This achieves fully automatic detection and result output of road surface structural depth, greatly improving detection efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. Those skilled in the art, guided by the teachings of this invention, can select various possible shapes and proportions to implement the invention according to specific circumstances.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic detection device proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the windproof outer shell in this invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sand box in this invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sand box drive mechanism in this invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between the plate valve and the measuring cylinder in this invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring cylinder in this invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism in this invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting block in this invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the magnetic ring plate and the base plate in this invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the spreading mechanism in this invention;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the acquisition of sand-laying images in this invention;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the image recognition module in this invention;

[0042] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the area calibration plate in this invention.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0044] 100. Automatic testing equipment; 10. Sandbox

[0045] 11. Box body; 111. Sand outlet;

[0046] 12. Sand discharge mechanism; 121. Plate valve;

[0047] 1211. Upper valve seat; 1212. Lower valve seat;

[0048] 1213. Valve plate; 1214. Guide hole;

[0049] 122. Actuator; 1221. First electromagnet; 1222. Shaft; 1223. Transmission rod;

[0050] 1224. Connecting rod; 1225. Magnetic telescopic pin; 1226. Return spring; 13. Sand box drive mechanism; 131. Sand box drive motor; 132. Sand box drive lead screw; 133. Slider; 134. First limit block; 135. First guide rod; 20. Measuring cylinder;

[0051] 21. Cylinder body; 22. Base plate;

[0052] 221. Conical surface; 23. Opening and closing mechanism; 231. Magnetic ring plate; 232. Guide rod; 233. Connecting block; 2331. Second electromagnet; 234. Limiting spring; 30. Rounding drive mechanism; 31. First drive mechanism; 311. First stepper motor; 312. First drive pulley; 313. First drive belt;

[0053] 314. Transmission rod; 315. First fixed block;

[0054] 316. Second fixed block; 317. Driven wheel;

[0055] 318. Driven belt; 32. First guide rail;

[0056] 33. First movable slider; 34. Second drive component;

[0057] 341. Second stepper motor; 342. Second belt;

[0058] 35. Second guide rail; 36. Second movable slider;

[0059] 37. Third stepper motor; 38. Lead screw;

[0060] 381. Lead screw nut; 39. Third guide rail;

[0061] 40. Identification and measurement device; 41. Image recognition module;

[0062] 42. Control Panel; 43. Start Button

[0063] 44. Measurement button; 50. Windproof housing;

[0064] 51. Feed inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings and the description of specific embodiments. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Under the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can conceive of any possible modifications based on the invention, and these should all be considered to fall within the scope of the invention.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes an automatic detection device 100 for measuring structural depth based on the sand spreading method. The automatic detection device 100 includes a sand box 10, a sand measuring cylinder 20, a spreading drive mechanism 30, and an identification and measurement device 40. The sand box 10 has a box body 11 and a sand discharging mechanism 12. The box body 11 is hollow and forms a sand-containing cavity. A sand discharging port 111 communicating with the sand-containing cavity is opened at the bottom of the box body 11. The sand discharging mechanism 12 is located at the sand discharging port 111 and controls the opening and closing of the sand discharging port 111. The sand measuring cylinder 20 has a cylinder body 21, a bottom plate 22, and an opening and closing mechanism 23. The cylinder body 21 has… It has a vertically penetrating accommodating cavity, the top of which can be aligned with the sand outlet 111. The bottom plate 22 is located at the bottom of the cylinder 21 and can close the bottom of the accommodating cavity. The opening and closing mechanism 23 is connected to the bottom plate 22 and can drive the bottom plate 22 to move up and down. The top surface of the bottom plate 22 is an upwardly convex conical surface 221, and the bottom surface of the bottom plate 22 is a plane. The spreading drive mechanism 30 is connected to the measuring sand cylinder 20 and drives the measuring sand cylinder 20 to move in the vertical and / or horizontal directions. The identification and measuring device 40 is used to identify the area of ​​the spreading measuring sand and calculate the construction depth.

[0067] The automatic detection device 100 for measuring structural depth based on the sand spreading method proposed in this invention involves the following steps: In use, the sand in the housing 11 is discharged to the sand cylinder 20 via the sand discharge mechanism 12 and fills the sand cylinder 20. The opening and closing mechanism 23 opens the bottom of the receiving cavity, allowing the sand in the sand cylinder 20 to be poured onto the road surface to be tested. The spreading drive mechanism 30 moves the sand cylinder 20 to evenly spread the sand using the bottom plate 22 of the sand cylinder 20. Finally, the identification and measurement device 40 identifies the area of ​​the spread sand and calculates the structural depth. The entire detection process is fully automated, requiring no additional manual intervention. This achieves fully automatic detection and automatic output of road surface structural depth, greatly improving detection efficiency.

[0068] The automatic detection device 100 for measuring structural depth based on the sand-spreading method proposed in this invention allows operators to simply control the start and stop of the device without manually spreading sand and measuring, thus simplifying the operation process. At the same time, compared with manual operation, the automatic detection device 100 for measuring structural depth based on the sand-spreading method proposed in this invention is less affected by human factors, and the measurement results are more reliable.

[0069] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the sand discharge mechanism 12 includes a plate valve 121 and an actuator 122. The plate valve 121 is installed at the sand outlet 111, and the actuator 122 is installed at the bottom of the housing 11 and connected to the plate valve 121, controlling the opening and closing of the plate valve 121. The actuator 122 precisely controls the opening and closing of the plate valve 121 and controls the amount and speed of sand injected into the sand delivery cylinder 20. In the present invention, the actuator 122 can be an external electric actuator, a pneumatic actuator, or a hydraulic actuator.

[0070] In an optional example of this embodiment, the plate valve 121 includes at least an upper valve seat 1211, a lower valve seat 1212, and a valve plate 1213. The upper valve seat 1211 and the lower valve seat 1212 each have valve seat holes that pass through vertically. The valve plate 1213 is sandwiched between the upper valve seat 1211 and the lower valve seat 1212. The valve plate 1213 is in a sealing sliding fit with the upper valve seat 1211 and the lower valve seat 1212 respectively. One end of the valve plate 1213 is connected to the actuator 122, and a guide hole 1214 is provided on the other end of the valve plate 1213. The actuator 122 drives the valve plate to move. When the guide hole of the valve plate 1213 moves to the position of the valve seat hole, the guide hole 1214 and the two valve seat holes are connected to form the flow channel of the plate valve 121.

[0071] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the measuring sand cylinder 20 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the lower valve seat 1212, allowing the measuring sand cylinder 20 to extend into the valve seat hole of the lower valve seat 1212 and abut against the valve plate 1213. With this structure, when the valve plate 1213 closes the plate valve 121, it will scrape the measuring sand cylinder, thereby ensuring that the measuring sand inside the measuring sand cylinder has a fixed volume.

[0072] In an optional example of this embodiment, the actuator 122 is an electric actuator, which includes a first electromagnet 1221, a rotating shaft 1222, a transmission rod 1223, a connecting rod 1224, a magnetic telescopic pin 1225, and a return spring 1226. The rotating shaft 1222 is fixed to the bottom surface of the housing 11. One end of the transmission rod 1223 is hinged to the rotating shaft 1222, and the other end of the transmission rod 1223 is hinged to the valve plate 1213 through a connector. The first electromagnet 1221 is fixed to the bottom surface of the housing 11 and is located between the rotating shaft 1222 and the valve plate 121. The first electromagnet 1221 has a locking hole. One end of the magnetic telescopic pin 1225 extends into the locking hole, and the other end of the magnetic telescopic pin 1225 is hinged to the transmission rod 1223. The return spring 1226 is disposed between the magnetic telescopic pin 1225 and the first electromagnet 1221. With the above structure, after the first electromagnet 1221 is energized, the magnetic telescopic pin 1225 is repelled out of the lock hole, thereby driving the transmission rod 1223 to rotate around the rotating shaft 1222. The valve plate 1213 moves with the connecting rod 1224 and the transmission rod 1223, thereby opening the plate valve 121, and the measuring sand flows into the measuring sand cylinder 20 from the sand outlet 111. After a few seconds, the measuring sand cylinder 20 is full of measuring sand. The transmission rod 1223 moves slightly to compact the measuring sand in the measuring sand cylinder 20. Then, the first electromagnet 1221 is de-energized, and the magnetic telescopic pin 1225 is reset under the action of the return spring 1226, thereby driving the transmission rod 1223 and the valve plate 1213 to reset, and the plate valve 121 closes.

[0073] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the sand box 10 further includes a sand box drive mechanism 13 capable of driving the box body 11 to move up and down.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, the sand box drive mechanism 13 includes a sand box drive motor 131, a sand box drive screw 132, a slider 133, a first limiting block 134, and a first guide rod 135. The slider 133 is fixed to the side wall of the housing 11. The sand box drive screw 132 vertically passes through the slider 133 and is threadedly engaged with the slider. The sand box drive motor 131 is located at one end of the sand box drive screw 132 and drives the sand box drive screw 132 to rotate via a transmission shaft. A bearing is provided at the other end of the sand box drive screw 132. The first limiting block 134 is also located on the outer side wall of the housing 11. The first guide rod 135 vertically passes through the first limiting block 134 and is slidably engaged with the first limiting block 134. With the above structure, the sand box drive motor 131 drives the sand box drive screw 132 to rotate through the transmission shaft. Through the threaded engagement of the sand box drive screw 132 and the slider 133, the slider 133 drives the box body 11 and the first limit block 134 to move downward along the first guide rod 135. The plate valve 121 at the sand outlet 111 is nested on the top of the measuring sand cylinder 20.

[0075] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the opening and closing mechanism 23 includes a magnetic annular plate 231, a guide rod 232, a connecting block 233, and a limiting spring 234. The magnetic annular plate 231 is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder 21 and slides in cooperation with the cylinder 21. The connecting block 233 is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder 21 and is located between the magnetic annular plate 231 and the bottom plate 22. The connecting block 233 is fixedly connected to the cylinder 21. A second electromagnet 2331 is provided inside the connecting block 233. The two ends of the guide rod 232 are fixedly connected to the magnetic annular plate 231 and the bottom plate 22, respectively. The guide rod 232 vertically passes through the connecting block 233 and slides in cooperation with the connecting block 233. The limiting spring 234 is located between the magnetic annular plate 231 and the connecting block 233 and is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod 232. With the above structure, when the second electromagnet 2331 is energized, the magnetic annular plate 231 is attracted and moves downward, thereby causing the bottom plate 22 of the measuring sand cylinder 20 to separate from the measuring sand cylinder 20. The measuring sand in the measuring sand cylinder 20 flows along the conical surface 221 of the bottom plate 22 onto the road surface being measured. When the second electromagnet 2331 is de-energized, the limiting spring 234 between the connecting block 223 and the magnetic annular plate 231 pushes the magnetic annular plate 231, causing the bottom plate 22 below the measuring sand cylinder 20 to move upward along the guide rod 232 and reset, sealing the bottom of the measuring sand cylinder 20.

[0076] In one optional example of this implementation, the magnetic ring plate 231 is made of a magnetic material such as steel or iron.

[0077] In an optional example of this implementation, a rubber pad is installed on the bottom surface of the base plate 22, which is used as a pusher plate when spreading out.

[0078] In an optional example of this embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism 23 has two guide rods 232, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cylinder 21. The two ends of the guide rods 232 are respectively welded to the magnetic annular plate 231 and the bottom plate 22.

[0079] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the spreading drive mechanism 30 includes a support and a planar positioning structure and a longitudinal positioning structure mounted on the support. The planar positioning structure drives the cylinder 21 to move left and right and forward and backward in the horizontal plane, and the longitudinal positioning structure drives the cylinder 21 to move up and down.

[0080] After the testing process begins, the planar positioning structure of the spreading drive mechanism 30 moves the cylinder 21 to a position coaxial with the sand outlet 111 of the box 11. Simultaneously, the sand box drive structure 13 drives the box 11 downwards, causing the lower valve seat 1212 of the plate valve 121 to nest on top of the cylinder 21. After the sand is leveled, the box 11 moves upwards to its original position, and the spreading drive mechanism 30 moves the cylinder 21 to the center of the road surface to be tested, discharging the measured sand onto the road surface. The longitudinal positioning structure Z of the spreading drive mechanism 30 controls the cylinder 21 to fall, and the bottom plate 22 located below the cylinder 21 adheres tightly to the road surface, spreading the measured sand into a circle. After spreading is complete, the spreading drive mechanism 30 returns to its initial position.

[0081] In an optional example of this embodiment, the planar positioning structure includes a first drive mechanism 31, two first guide rails 32 and two first movable sliders 33, a second drive assembly 34, a second guide rail 35 and a second movable slider 36. The second guide rail 35 and the two first guide rails 32 are both horizontally arranged. The two first guide rails 32 are respectively mounted on the support by the second fixing block 316. The two first guide rails 32 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart to define a reference horizontal plane. The two first movable sliders 33 correspond one-to-one with the two first guide rails 32 and slide in cooperation. Each first movable slider 33 can slide back and forth along its corresponding first guide rail 32. The first drive assembly 31 drives the two first movable sliders 33 to move synchronously. The second guide rail 35 is perpendicular to the first guide rail 32, and the two ends of the second guide rail 35 are respectively fixedly connected to the two first movable sliders 33. The second movable slider 36 slides in cooperation with the second guide rail 35. The second drive assembly 34 drives the second movable slider 36 to move back and forth along the second guide rail 35. The cylinder 21 is mounted on the second movable slider 36. With the above structure, the first driving component 31 drives the first moving slider 33 to move along the first guide rail 32 to realize the cylinder 21 to move back and forth in the horizontal plane (Y-axis); the second driving component 34 drives the second moving slider 36 to move along the second guide rail 35 to realize the cylinder 21 to move left and right in the horizontal plane (X-axis).

[0082] Furthermore, the first drive mechanism 31 includes a first stepper motor 311, a first drive pulley 312, a first drive belt 313, a transmission rod 314, two first fixed blocks 315, two driven pulleys 317, and two driven belts 318. The first stepper motor 311 is fixedly connected to the support, the first drive pulley 312 is connected to the output shaft of the first stepper motor 311, the transmission rod 314 is horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the first guide rail 32, and the two ends of the transmission rod 314 are rotatably mounted on the two first fixed blocks 315. On the fixed block 315, the first fixed block 315 is detachably connected to the support. One end of the first driving belt 313 is tensioned on the transmission rod 314, and the other end of the first driving belt 313 is tensioned on the first driving pulley 312. The driven belt 318 is arranged parallel to the first guide rail 32. One end of the driven belt 318 is tensioned on the transmission rod 314, and the other end of the driven belt 318 is tensioned on the driven wheel. The driven wheel 317 is rotatably mounted on the support. The first movable slider 33 is fixedly connected to the driven belt 318. The first stepper motor 311 rotates through the first driving pulley 312. The first driving belt 313 rotates with the first driving pulley 312, thereby driving the transmission rod 314 to rotate. The transmission rod 314 drives the driven belts 318 at both ends to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the first movable slider 33 connected to the driven belt 318 to move synchronously.

[0083] Furthermore, the second drive assembly 34 includes a second stepper motor 341 and a second belt 342. The second belt 342 is arranged parallel to the second guide rail 35, and its two ends are respectively fixedly connected to two first movable sliders 33. The second stepper motor 341 is fixedly connected to the second movable slider 36. The output shaft of the second stepper motor 341 is connected to the second belt 342 and controls the second movable slider 36 to move along the second belt 343 and the second guide rail 35.

[0084] The planar positioning structure controls the movement of the cylinder 21 in the horizontal plane as follows: The first stepper motor 311 rotates the first drive pulley 312, which drives the transmission rod 314 to rotate via the first drive belt 313, thereby driving the driven belt 318, and finally driving the first moving slider 33 to move along the first guide rail 32 (i.e., the Y-axis); the second belt 342 and the second guide rail 35 are fixed on the first moving slider 33, and the second stepper motor 341 controls the second moving slider 36 to move along the second belt 342 and the second guide rail 35 (i.e., the X-axis). The above planar positioning structure can accurately position the X and Y axis coordinates of the cylinder 21, control the cylinder 21 and the base plate 22 to move accurately along the preset spreading path, and supports user-defined spreading paths (spiral interval, maximum spreading radius, etc.), improving detection efficiency.

[0085] In an optional example of this embodiment, the longitudinal positioning structure includes a third stepper motor 37, an adjusting screw 38, and a third guide rail 39. The upper and lower ends of the second movable slider 36 are respectively provided with mounting bosses for mounting the adjusting screw 38 and the third guide rail 39. The third guide rail 39 is vertically arranged, and both ends of the third guide rail 39 are fixedly connected to the mounting bosses. The bottom end of the adjusting screw 38 is rotatably mounted on a mounting boss, and the top end of the adjusting screw 38 passes through another mounting boss and is connected to the third stepper motor 37. The third stepper motor 37 is fixedly mounted on this other mounting boss. The cylinder 21 is connected to the longitudinal positioning structure via a connecting block 233. The connecting block 233 is provided with a screw nut 381 that aligns with the adjusting screw 38, and a guide hole that aligns with the third guide rail 39. The adjusting screw 38 passes through the screw nut 381 and is threadedly engaged with it. The third guide rail 39 passes through the guide hole and is slidably engaged with the connecting block 233.

[0086] In an optional example, the lead screw nut 381 inside the connecting block 233 is equipped with an elastic suspension. When the base plate 22 is in contact with the road surface, the spring suspension keeps the contact surface between the base plate 22 and the road surface under a certain pressure, thereby ensuring the rounding effect.

[0087] The longitudinal positioning structure controls the vertical movement of the cylinder 21 as follows: The third stepper motor 37 adjusts the spatial position of the cylinder 21 in the vertical direction (Z-axis). The lead screw nut installed on the connecting block 233 outside the cylinder 21 is equipped with a spring suspension structure. The third stepper motor 37 drives the adjusting lead screw 38 to rotate, which can apply pressure to the cylinder 21 and the base plate 22, so that the push plate is always in close contact with the road surface. The spring suspension allows the base plate 22 to float up and down with the road surface texture, so that the base plate 22 can be used for uneven parts of the road surface such as ruts.

[0088] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the automatic detection device 100 further includes a windproof housing 50, which has an operating cavity with an opening facing downwards, and the sand box 10, the measuring sand cylinder 20 and the rounding drive mechanism 30 are all disposed in the operating cavity.

[0089] Furthermore, 50 sets of windproof outer shells are installed outside the support.

[0090] Furthermore, the two first guide rails 32, the two first fixing blocks 315, and the two second fixing blocks 316 can slide on the support, thereby greatly adjusting the vertical height of the entire rounding drive mechanism 30 to meet the indoor inspection requirements of thick rutted slabs.

[0091] In an alternative example, when the automatic detection device 100 is applied to outdoor pavement texture depth, the windproof housing 50 can effectively prevent the influence of the external environment on the detection results, thereby improving the accuracy of pavement texture depth detection. The windproof housing 50 enables the automatic detection device 100 to be used for both indoor and outdoor pavement texture depth detection.

[0092] In an alternative example, the top of the windproof housing 50 is provided with a feed inlet 51, and the top of the sand-containing cavity of the housing 11 is open and can be aligned with the sand inlet.

[0093] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the identification and measurement device 40 includes an image recognition module 41 and an image data processing module (not shown in the figure). The image recognition module is used to acquire a complete image of the sand spreading; the image data processing module identifies the spreading area and calculates the construction depth based on the spreading area.

[0094] In an optional embodiment of this implementation, the image recognition module 41 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the housing 11. After the sand spreading process is completed, the sand spreading drive mechanism 30 returns the cylinder 21 to its initial position. The camera's field of view is unobstructed, enabling it to capture a complete sand spreading image.

[0095] In one optional example, the image recognition module includes a camera and a flash.

[0096] Furthermore, the image recognition module also includes a scale ruler, which can be set on the road surface to be tested to assist in the recognition of sand-covered images.

[0097] Preferably, the scale is positioned around the bottom edge of the windproof housing 50, within the camera's range. After the spreading process is completed, the camera captures the circular pattern formed by the sand spread on the road surface.

[0098] In an optional example of this implementation, the image data processing module processes the sand-spreading image to identify the area of ​​the spread circle.

[0099] In one optional example, tangents are drawn based on the outline of the sand spreading circle, the scale is read, the lengths of the a-axis and b-axis of the spreading circle are marked in the photograph, the average value is taken as the diameter D of the spreading circle, and the area of ​​the spreading circle is calculated according to S = πD² / 4. The method and steps comply with the provisions of the "Specifications for Field Testing of Highway Subgrade and Pavement" (JTG 3450—2019).

[0100] In another optional example, the boundary is defined based on the contrast difference between the sand (white area) and the road surface (black area), the circular boundary of the sand spreading area is redrawn, and the spreading area is calculated based on the number of pixels inside the boundary.

[0101] Furthermore, an area calibration plate is needed to calibrate the relationship between the number of pixels and the area of ​​the concentric circles. Specifically, the area calibration plate is a movable plate with standard black and white concentric circles drawn in the center, spaced 1 cm apart. The boundaries between the concentric circles are clearly defined, facilitating recognition by the area recognition program. The number, diameter, and area data of each concentric circle are stored in the image recognition module. During the calibration process, the calibration plate is placed in the center of the road surface to be measured, a camera takes a picture of the calibration plate, the circular boundaries are redrawn, the number of pixels inside each standard diameter circle is calculated, and then a parametric equation is established between the number of pixels and the known area data of the concentric circles to obtain the relationship between the number of pixels and the area, thus completing the area calibration.

[0102] In an optional example of this implementation, after acquiring the image area, the image data processing module calculates the construction depth using the formula TD = (1000V / S), where V is the volume of the sand (25cm²). 3 S is the area of ​​the spread sand (mm²) 2 ).

[0103] Average value: The average value of three pavement texture depth tests at each test location is taken as the test result, accurate to 0.01 mm. When the average value is less than 0.2 mm, the test result is expressed as <0.2 mm.

[0104] In an optional example of this embodiment, the identification and measurement device 40 further includes an operation module, which is electrically connected to the image recognition module, the image data processing module, and the sand spreading drive mechanism. The image recognition module, the image data processing module, and the sand spreading drive mechanism perform image recognition, construction depth calculation, and sand spreading operation commands through the instructions of the operation module.

[0105] In an optional example, the operation module has a built-in area recognition program and a rounding program. The operation module sends instructions to the image recognition module and the image data processing module according to the area recognition program, and sends instructions to the rounding drive mechanism according to the rounding program.

[0106] In one optional example, the operation module has a built-in circular path and supports modification of the circular path. Specifically, it supports modifying the spiral spacing, maximum diameter, etc. of the circular path to optimize the movement path of the circular structure; it also supports manual correction of the Z-axis position of the circular structure to make the circular structure conform to the road surface and adapt to different road conditions.

[0107] In an optional example, the identification and measurement device 40 also includes a control panel 42, a start button 43, and a measurement button 44, which are electrically connected to the operation module. The operator operates the automatic detection device 100 through the control panel 42, the start button 43, and the measurement button 44. Furthermore, the control panel 42, the start button 43, and the measurement button 44 are all located on the top of the windproof housing 50.

[0108] Please refer to Figures 1 to 13 The following is a detailed description of the specific implementation process of the automatic detection device 100 proposed in this invention, with reference to an embodiment. The sequence of operations of the automatic detection device 100 is as follows:

[0109] (1) Outdoor testing mode: After filling the sand box 11 of the automatic testing equipment 100 with measuring sand, place it at the test point on the road surface and turn on the testing switch. The spreading drive mechanism 30 drives the cylinder 21 of the measuring sand cylinder 20 to the initial position, and the coordinate calibration is zeroed. Then the cylinder 21 moves to below the sand outlet 111 of the box 11, and at the same time the sand box 10 descends until the plate valve 121 of the sand outlet 111 is nested on the cylinder 21. At this time, the actuator 122 at the bottom of the sand box 10 is energized, which drives the valve plate 1213 to move to open the plate valve 121, and the measuring sand flows into the cylinder 21 from the sand outlet 111. After a few seconds, the cylinder 21 is full of measuring sand. The spreading drive mechanism 30 moves slightly to compact the measuring sand, and then the valve plate 1213 resets. The plate valve 121 resets and scrapes the cylinder 21 to obtain a fixed volume of measuring sand. The box 11 of the sand box 10 moves up and resets.

[0110] The spreading drive mechanism 30 moves the measuring sand cylinder 20 to the center of the windproof outer shell 50. The second electromagnet 2331 inside the connecting block 233 is activated, attracting the magnetic annular plate 231 downwards. The bottom plate 22 of the measuring sand cylinder 20 separates from the side wall of the cylinder 21, and the measuring sand falls along the bottom plate 22 onto the road surface being measured. When the electromagnet is de-energized, the limiting spring 234 between the connecting block 233 and the magnetic annular plate 231 pushes the magnetic annular plate 231, causing the bottom plate 22 to reset along the guide rod 232. The third stepper motor 37 drives the measuring sand cylinder 20 downwards until the bottom plate 22 is in close contact with the road surface. The connecting block 233 has a spring suspension installed on the screw nut. After the bottom plate 22 is in contact with the road surface, the third stepper motor 37 continues to rotate, and the screw nut moves to compress the spring in the spring suspension. Under the action of the spring force, the bottom plate 22 maintains a certain pressure on the contact surface with the road surface, ensuring the spreading effect. Then, the horizontal positioning structure of the spreading drive mechanism 30 begins to spread the measuring sand along a preset path. The operator can control the rounding process by setting appropriate spiral intervals and the maximum flattening radius based on experience. After rounding is completed, the camera on the side of the sand box 10 captures the rounding result, and the rounding area is automatically identified with the assistance of the scale at the bottom of the equipment, and the single-point construction depth is calculated and output.

[0111] Lift the automatic detection device 100 and place it at another test point. Repeat the above steps to obtain the single-point texture depth of the other point. When the measurement results of a certain test pavement reach more than 3 points, the average value, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of the pavement texture depth can be output.

[0112] (2) Indoor Testing Mode: In indoor testing mode, the test objects are usually rutted slabs of different sizes. The test is divided into the following three situations:

[0113] 1) If the rut board is larger than the size of the equipment, the automatic detection equipment 100 can be placed on top of the rut board. In this case, the detection mode is the same as the outdoor detection mode.

[0114] 2) If the size of the rut plate is smaller than the equipment, it can be placed inside the automatic detection equipment 100 (i.e., the windproof housing 50), and its thickness is less than the stroke (adjustment range) of the third stepper motor 37 of the rounding drive mechanism 30. At this time, the third stepper motor 37 can control the base plate 22 to fit against the top surface of the rut plate, limiting the maximum rounding diameter to be less than the minimum length and width of the rut plate, and then the detection begins.

[0115] 3) If the rut board is smaller than the equipment, it can be placed inside the automatic testing equipment 100, and its thickness exceeds the stroke (adjustment range) of the third stepper motor 37 of the rounding structure. In this case, the first fixing block 315 and the second fixing block 316 of the rounding drive mechanism 30 can be loosened with a screwdriver, and the rounding drive mechanism 30 can be moved up along the support to make the vertical elevation of the rounding drive mechanism 30 meet the testing requirements of the rut board, and then the testing can begin.

[0116] (3) Area calibration mode: Place the sand area calibration plate at the bottom of the automatic detection equipment 100, select the calibration function, the image recognition module identifies the area of ​​circles with different diameters, compares it with the area of ​​the standard circle, evaluates the measurement error, and uses the algorithm to correct the image recognition result.

[0117] The automatic detection device 100 proposed in this invention achieves full automation of the road surface texture depth detection process through a carefully designed sand storage, sand measurement, paving, and identification measurement process, eliminating the need for additional manual operation and greatly improving detection efficiency.

[0118] The automatic testing device 100 proposed in this invention has an innovative structure of sand box 10 sand outlet 111 and plate valve 121, which simultaneously realizes the functions of sealing sand box 10 and scraping sand measuring cylinder 20, thus simplifying the mechanical structure.

[0119] The automatic detection device 100 proposed in this invention integrates the functions of measuring sand and pushing plate in its measuring cylinder 20, which simplifies the mechanical structure.

[0120] The automatic detection device 100 proposed in this invention has a spreading drive mechanism 30 with a third stepper motor 37 and a longitudinal positioning structure with spring suspension, which enables the base plate 22 to move vertically and maintain positive pressure on the road surface, allowing the push plate to fit closely to the road surface. The spreading drive mechanism 30 has a planar positioning structure with precise XY axis positioning, and the push plate movement route parameters can be customized, improving the accuracy and efficiency of road surface texture depth detection.

[0121] The automatic detection device 100 proposed in this invention uses an area calibration plate to calibrate the image recognition module 41, thereby improving the accuracy of the image recognition system in recognizing the area of ​​the sand-covered image.

[0122] The detailed explanations of the above embodiments are intended only to explain the present invention so as to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention for any reason. In particular, the various features described in different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other to form other embodiments. Unless there is an explicit description to the contrary, these features should be understood to be applicable to any embodiment, and not limited to the described embodiments.

Claims

1. An automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-spreading method, characterized in that, The automatic detection equipment includes: A sand box has a box body and a sand discharge mechanism. The box body is hollow and forms a sand-containing cavity. A sand discharge port connected to the sand-containing cavity is opened at the bottom of the box body. The sand discharge mechanism is located at the sand discharge port and controls the opening and closing of the sand discharge port. A measuring sand cylinder has a cylinder body, a bottom plate, and an opening and closing mechanism. The cylinder body has a vertically penetrating cavity. The top of the cavity is aligned with the sand discharge port. The bottom plate is located at the bottom of the cylinder body and can close the cavity. The opening and closing mechanism is connected to the bottom plate and can drive the bottom plate to move up and down. The top surface of the bottom plate is an upwardly convex conical surface, and the bottom surface of the bottom plate is a plane. The sand discharge mechanism includes a plate valve and an actuator. The plate valve is installed at the sand discharge port, and the actuator is installed at the bottom of the housing and connected to the plate valve to control the opening and closing of the plate valve. The plate valve includes at least an upper valve seat, a lower valve seat, and a valve plate. The upper valve seat is fixedly connected to the housing. Both the upper valve seat and the lower valve seat have valve seat holes that pass through vertically. The valve plate is clamped between the upper valve seat and the lower valve seat, and the valve plate is in a sealing sliding fit with the upper valve seat and the lower valve seat respectively. The actuator is connected to the valve plate and drives the valve plate to move. The outer diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower valve seat. The top of the cylinder can extend into the valve seat hole of the lower valve seat and abut against the valve plate. One end of the valve plate is connected to the actuator. A guide hole is provided at one end of the valve plate. When the guide hole of the valve plate moves to the position of the valve seat hole, the plate valve is in the open state. When the valve plate closes the plate valve, the valve plate will scrape the measuring sand cylinder to level it, thereby making the measuring sand in the measuring sand cylinder have a fixed volume; A spreading drive mechanism is connected to the measuring cylinder, and the spreading drive mechanism drives the measuring cylinder to move in the vertical and / or horizontal directions; An identification and measurement device is used to identify the area of ​​the rounded sand and calculate the structural depth.

2. The automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-laying method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sandbox also includes a sandbox drive structure capable of driving the box body to move up and down.

3. The automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-laying method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The opening and closing mechanism includes a magnetic annular plate, a guide rod, a connecting block, and a limiting spring. The magnetic annular plate is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder and slides in cooperation with the cylinder. The connecting block is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder and located between the magnetic annular plate and the bottom plate. The connecting block is fixedly connected to the cylinder. A second electromagnet is provided inside the connecting block. The two ends of the guide rod are fixedly connected to the magnetic annular plate and the bottom plate, respectively. The guide rod vertically passes through the connecting block and slides in cooperation with the connecting block. The limiting spring is located between the magnetic annular plate and the connecting block and is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod.

4. The automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-laying method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spreading drive mechanism includes a support and a planar positioning structure and a longitudinal positioning structure mounted on the support. The planar positioning structure drives the cylinder to move left and right and forward and backward in the horizontal plane, and the longitudinal positioning structure drives the cylinder to move up and down.

5. The automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-laying method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The automatic detection equipment also includes a windproof outer shell, which has an operating cavity with an opening facing downwards. The sand box, the measuring sand cylinder, and the spreading drive mechanism are all disposed in the operating cavity, and the inner wall of the windproof outer shell serves as the support for the spreading drive mechanism.

6. The automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-laying method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The identification and measurement device includes: The image recognition module is used to acquire complete images of the sand-laying process. The image data processing module identifies the area of ​​the flattened circle and calculates the construction depth based on the area of ​​the flattened circle.

7. The automatic detection device for measuring structural depth based on the sand-laying method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The identification and measurement device also includes an operation module, which is electrically connected to the image recognition module, the image data processing module and the spreading drive mechanism, and sends operation commands to the image recognition module, the image data processing module and the spreading drive mechanism, respectively.

Images