Heatable laminated glazing with wire insertion having a temperature control

Abstract

The invention relates to a heatable wire-embedded laminated glazing (1) for a vehicle. The automotive glazing is configured to be placed in front of an optical sensor. The glazing comprises an inner glass sheet (13) facing the optical sensor, and an outer glass sheet (11) facing the outside of the vehicle. The glazing is a laminated glazing and further comprises a interlayer (12) laminating the inner glass sheet (13) and the outer glass sheet (11) together. The interlayer (12) comprises an embedded conductive wire (2). The glazing further comprises a flat connector partially embedded between the interlayer and the inner or outer glass sheet and extending along the inner glass sheet towards a face of the inner glass sheet opposite to the interlayer. The flat connector (3) is connected to the embedded conductive wire (2). The flat connector (3) comprises on its part opposite to the interlayer (12) a control circuit (4) configured to control the embedded conductive wire (2). The flat connector (3) further comprises on its part opposite to the interlayer (12) an active regulation system (5) configured to be connected to a battery of the vehicle. The flat connector (3) further comprises on its part close to the interlayer (12) at least one thermistor (6). The thermistor (6) is connected to the control circuit (4) through the flat connector (3). The invention also relates to the use of such a glazing as a windshield, rear window or side window of a vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heated automotive glass, and more specifically to a heated laminated glass with embedded wires. More specifically, this invention relates to a system and method for controlling the temperature of such glass. Background Technology

[0002] Within the realm of autonomous driving, it is crucial to ensure that the line of sight of the various optical sensors used in autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles remains unobstructed, allowing them to function in any weather conditions. Frost or fogging of the mounting glass in front of the optical sensors can often interfere with or ultimately prevent them from acquiring data. Therefore, it is extremely important to defrost or defog the mounting glass as quickly as possible by heating it.

[0003] Those skilled in the art are aware of various solutions for heating automotive glass, and more specifically, heating windshields. Windshields are laminated glass typically made of two sheets of glass bonded together by a laminate (usually a thermoplastic layer), the thermoplastic layer typically made of polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).

[0004] To heat this laminated glass, thin conductive metal wires can be embedded in the laminate, contacting the interlayer, and more specifically, at least partially embedded in the interlayer and contacting one of the inner surfaces of one of the glass sheets. Such wires are used to heat the windshield (through Joule resistance heating) for defrosting and defogging. These wires can be made very thin to minimize intrusion into the driver's view and extend along the windshield from one side to the other or vertically, typically following a sinusoidal path as described in, for example, EP 3191303B1. These wires can also follow a serpentine path. Those skilled in the art are familiar with heatable wire-embedded glass.

[0005] Heating of automotive glass inserts is generally restricted, so their temperature is kept below maximum limits. For example, in Europe, the windshield of a passenger car cannot be heated above 70°C because the driver might touch it while driving. It is generally not recommended to heat any automotive glass inserts above their maximum temperature. Furthermore, and specifically regarding heated laminated glass inserts, the maximum temperature to which the insert can be heated depends on the laminate itself. Laminated glass inserts (or laminates) are a type of safety glass that remains together even if broken. In the event of breakage, the laminated glass insert is held in place by a thermoplastic interlayer between two or more layers of glass, typically made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU). The interlayer holds the glass layers together even if broken, and its high strength prevents the glass from shattering into large, sharp fragments. Increasing the temperature of the insert can damage the interlayer, which is less heat-resistant than the glass itself.

[0006] This type of heating system typically uses voltage from the vehicle's battery. This voltage is usually in the range of 9V to 16V. To limit the temperature reached by the mounting glass, a resistor is added to the heating circuit to limit the voltage received. The heating time is also limited, so the temperature of the mounting glass will never exceed the maximum temperature value. Therefore, there is no need to control the temperature of the mounting glass because both the resistance and the heating time are pre-defined to avoid reaching this maximum temperature value.

[0007] However, the practical trend in automobiles is to defrost or defog as quickly as possible. To heat the glass insert as quickly as possible, more power must be supplied to the wiring. Two possibilities exist: the voltage at the heating circuit's input increases, or the resistance of the heating circuit decreases. Therefore, the temperature of the glass insert will reach and exceed its maximum value. Thus, it is necessary to know the temperature of the glass insert during heating.

[0008] Furthermore, due to the low resistance of the heating circuit and the potential voltage variation between 9V and 16V, precise adjustment of the mounting glass heating is necessary. Otherwise, the mounting glass temperature may exceed its maximum value. Adjustment could be achieved via a defrosting or defogging signal from an optical sensor. However, this signal is only given when the mounting glass is completely defrosted or defogged within the entire field of view (FOV) of the optical sensor. This results in the unnecessary dissipation of residual heat from the conductive wiring. Moreover, this adjustment performed by the optical sensor does not allow for the avoidance of battery voltage fluctuations.

[0009] Therefore, a solution is needed to regulate the temperature of the conductive wires embedded in the laminated glass to quickly defog or defrost without exceeding the maximum temperature supported by the glass. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention relates to a laminated embedded glass with embedded wiring for heating a vehicle. The embedded glass is configured to be positioned in front of an optical sensor. The embedded glass includes an outer glass sheet facing the exterior of the vehicle, the outer glass sheet having an outer surface and an inner surface. The embedded glass further includes an inner glass sheet facing the optical sensor, the inner glass sheet having an outer surface and an inner surface. The embedded glass is a laminated embedded glass and further includes an interlayer laminating the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet together. The interlayer includes embedded conductive wiring. The embedded glass further includes a flat connector at least partially embedded between the interlayer and the outer glass sheet or the inner glass sheet. The flat connector extends along the inner glass sheet. The flat connector partially covers the outer surface of the inner glass sheet. The flat connector connects to the embedded conductive wiring. The flat connector includes control circuitry on the portion of its portion covering the outer surface of the inner glass sheet, the control circuitry being configured to control the embedded conductive wiring. The flat connector further includes an active conditioning system on its portion that partially covers the outer surface of the inner glass sheet, the active conditioning system being configured to connect to a vehicle battery. The flat connector further includes at least one thermistor on its portion that is at least partially embedded between the interlayer and the outer or inner glass sheet. The thermistor is connected to a control circuit via the flat connector.

[0011] The present invention also relates to the use of such fitted glass as windshields, rear windows, or side windows of vehicles. The present invention also relates to the use of such fitted glass as covers for optical sensors mounted on or inside vehicles. The present invention further relates to the use of such fitted glass as part of the exterior decorative elements of vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The invention will now be further described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference numerals denote similar elements in various figures. These examples are provided by way of illustration rather than limitation. The drawings are schematic and not to scale. These drawings do not limit the invention in any way. Further advantages will be illustrated by example.

[0013] Figure 1a An embodiment of a heatable, wire-embedded laminated glass according to the present invention is shown, viewed from the side.

[0014] Figure 1b , Figure 1c , Figure 1d as well as Figure 1e An alternative embodiment of a heatable, wire-embedded laminated glass according to the invention is shown, viewed from the side.

[0015] Figure 2a A top view showing an embodiment of the present invention is provided.

[0016] Figure 2b A top view showing an alternative embodiment of the invention is provided. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The invention will be described with reference to specific embodiments and certain accompanying drawings; however, the invention is not limited thereto but is limited only by the claims.

[0018] While some embodiments described herein include features that are not included in other embodiments, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention and to form different embodiments, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. For example, any claimed embodiment may be used in any combination as described in the appended claims.

[0019] This invention proposes a wire-embedded laminated glass for heating in vehicles, including cars, vans, trucks, motorcycles, buses, trams, trains, drones, airplanes, helicopters, and so on.

[0020] The mounting glass is configured to be placed in front of the optical sensor. The optical sensor is understood to be a sensor that has at least a receiver operating in ultraviolet, visible, or infrared wavelengths, such as a camera or rain sensor. The optical sensor may further include a transmitter operating in ultraviolet, visible, or infrared wavelengths, such as a lidar sensor.

[0021] The laminated glass is a type of laminated glass. Laminated glass refers at least to an inner glass sheet and an outer glass sheet laminated together by at least one interlayer. The outer glass sheet faces the exterior of the vehicle. The outer glass sheet has an outer surface facing the exterior of the vehicle and an inner surface facing the inner glass sheet. The inner glass sheet faces the optical sensor. The inner glass sheet has an outer surface facing the optical sensor and an inner surface facing the outer glass sheet. The glass sheets can be made of (mineral) glass, more specifically of silica-based glass (such as soda-lime silicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or borosilicate glass).

[0022] At least one interlayer laminates the inner and outer glass sheets together. The at least one interlayer is typically made of polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).

[0023] To heat the laminated glass (for defrosting and / or defogging), conductive wires are embedded in the interlayer, located near or in full or partial contact with the inner surface of the outer or inner glass sheet. In the case of multiple interlayers, the conductive wires are located near or in full or partial contact with the inner surface of the outer or inner glass sheet (or interlayer). Conductive wires are typically made of tungsten or copper. These wires are very thin, typically between 10 and 50 micrometers wide. These conductive wires typically extend vertically along the vehicle's laminated glass or from one side to the other. Conductive wires may also follow a serpentine path. Conductive wires typically follow a straight path or a sinusoidal path.

[0024] The mounting glass further includes a flat connector. An example of such a flat connector is the Kapton type. The flat connector is at least partially embedded between the interlayer and either the outer or inner glass sheet. The flat connector extends along the mounting glass. The flat connector is disposed on a portion of the surface of the outer side of the inner glass sheet. The flat connector connects to an embedded conductive wire. As an alternative embodiment, the flat connector may also be embedded between two interlayers.

[0025] The flat connector includes control circuitry on the portion of its outer surface that partially covers the inner glass sheet. This control circuitry is configured to control the embedded conductive wires.

[0026] The flat connector further includes an active regulation system on the portion of its outer surface that partially covers the inner glass sheet. This active regulation system maintains a constant voltage output even when the input voltage and output current change. The active regulation system is connected to the vehicle's battery. An advantage of using an active regulation system is that it allows for the stabilization of the voltage from the vehicle's battery. As an example, the voltage of a passenger car can range from 4.5 V to 36 V. Using an active regulation system allows the voltage to be stabilized at, for example, 5 V. Therefore, the control circuitry of the heating circuit can be powered by a stable power supply.

[0027] The flat connector further includes at least one thermistor in its portion, at least partially embedded between the interlayer and the outer or inner glass sheet. The thermistor is a resistor whose resistance depends on temperature. Therefore, the thermistor can provide information about temperature. An electronic thermistor is also present, which provides a signal whose frequency changes with temperature. The thermistor is connected to the control circuitry via the flat connector.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the mounting glass further includes at least one additional interlayer laminated between the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet. In this case, the flat connector can still be at least partially embedded between the interlayer and either the outer or inner glass sheet. In an alternative embodiment, the flat connector is at least partially embedded between the interlayer and at least one additional interlayer.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, the active regulation system is a DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter is a high-frequency power conversion circuit. This DC-DC converter uses high-frequency switches and inductors, transformers, and capacitors to smooth switching noise into a regulated DC voltage. This DC-DC converter maintains a constant voltage output even when the input voltage and output current change.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, the optical sensor is a lidar, and the mounting glass is transparent within the operating wavelength range of the lidar. Lidar is an abbreviation for "light detection and ranging." It is sometimes also referred to as "laser scanning" or "3D scanning." This technology uses an eye-safe laser beam to form a 3D representation of the surveyed environment. Lidar compatible with this invention operates at wavelengths between 750 nm and 1650 nm (commonly referred to as the near-infrared range). More specifically, known operating wavelengths of lidar currently manufactured compatible with this invention are 850 nm, 905 nm, 940 nm, 1064 nm, 1310 nm, 1350 nm, 1550 nm, and 1650 nm. An acceptable variation of 25 nm around the nominal value of the wavelength can be considered, such that a wavelength range of 1525 nm to 1575 nm around a nominal value of 1550 nm is acceptable.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the embedded glass is a windshield, rear window, or side window of a vehicle.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the mounting glass is a cover for an optical sensor mounted on or inside a vehicle.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, the embedded glass is part of the exterior trim elements. Exterior trim elements include bumpers, window / door seals, wheel wells, fenders, headlights, mirrors, and roof panels. Vehicle manufacturers use these exterior trim elements to enhance aesthetics, improve functionality, and allow for greater design flexibility in vehicles.

[0034] The present invention also relates to the use of the embedded glass as a windshield, rear window or side window of a vehicle, as previously described.

[0035] The present invention also relates to the use of the embedded glass as described above as a cover for an optical sensor mounted on or inside a vehicle.

[0036] The present invention also relates to the use of the inlaid glass as described above as part of the exterior decorative elements of a vehicle.

[0037] Figure 1a A heated laminated glass (1) with embedded wires is shown as viewed from the side. The glass (1) comprises an outer glass sheet (11) and an inner glass sheet (13) laminated together by a sandwich (12). Conductive wires (2) are embedded in the sandwich (12) and thus face the inner glass sheet (13). These conductive wires (2) are heated to defrost or defog the glass (1).

[0038] The flat connector (3) is also at least partially embedded in the laminated glass (1), between the interlayer (12) and the inner glass sheet (13). The flat connector (3) extends along the inner glass sheet (13). The flat connector (3) partially covers the outer surface (13e) of the inner glass sheet (13).

[0039] The flat connector (3) is connected to the embedded conductive wire (2).

[0040] The flat connector (3) includes control circuitry (4) on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The control circuitry (4) allows heating of the embedded conductive wire (2) to be controlled via the flat connector (3).

[0041] The flat connector (3) further includes an active conditioning system (5), such as a DC-DC converter, on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The active conditioning system (5) is connected to the vehicle's battery (not shown).

[0042] The flat connector (3) further includes at least one thermistor (6) on the portion of its part that is at least partially embedded between the interlayer (12) and the inner glass sheet (13). The thermistor is connected to the control circuit (4) via the flat connector (3).

[0043] In this figure, a gap is shown between the interlayer (12) and the inner glass sheet (13). This gap is for illustrative purposes only to avoid making the figure too complex. This gap does not actually exist in the laminate.

[0044] Figure 1bAn alternatively heated laminated glass (1) with embedded wires is shown as viewed from the side. The glass (1) comprises an outer glass sheet (11) and an inner glass sheet (13) laminated together by a sandwich (12). Conductive wires (2) are embedded in the sandwich (12) and thus face the outer glass sheet (11). These conductive wires (2) are heated to defrost or defog the glass (1).

[0045] The flat connector (3) is also at least partially embedded in the laminated glass (1), between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11). The flat connector (3) extends along the inner glass sheet (13). The flat connector (3) partially covers the outer surface (13e) of the inner glass sheet (13).

[0046] The flat connector (3) is connected to the embedded conductive wire (2).

[0047] The flat connector (3) includes control circuitry (4) on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The control circuitry (4) allows heating of the embedded conductive wire (2) to be controlled via the flat connector (3).

[0048] The flat connector (3) further includes an active conditioning system (5), such as a DC-DC converter, on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The active conditioning system (5) is connected to the vehicle's battery (not shown).

[0049] The flat connector (3) further includes at least one thermistor (6) on the portion of its part that is at least partially embedded between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11). The thermistor is connected to the control circuit (4) via the flat connector (3).

[0050] In this figure, a gap is shown between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11). This gap is for illustrative purposes only to avoid making the figure too complex. This gap does not actually exist in the laminate.

[0051] Figure 1c An alternatively heated laminated glass (1) with embedded wires is shown as viewed from the side. The glass (1) comprises an outer glass sheet (11) and an inner glass sheet (13) laminated together by an interlayer (12). Conductive wires (2) are embedded in the interlayer (12) and thus face the inner glass sheet (13). These conductive wires (2) are heated to defrost or defog the glass (1). The glass (1) further comprises an additional interlayer (14) between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11).

[0052] The flat connector (3) is also at least partially embedded in the laminated glass (1), between the interlayer (12) and the inner glass sheet (13). The flat connector (3) extends along the inner glass sheet (13). The flat connector (3) partially covers the outer surface (13e) of the inner glass sheet (13).

[0053] The flat connector (3) is connected to the embedded conductive wire (2).

[0054] The flat connector (3) includes control circuitry (4) on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The control circuitry (4) allows heating of the embedded conductive wire (2) to be controlled via the flat connector (3).

[0055] The flat connector (3) further includes an active conditioning system (5), such as a DC-DC converter, on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The active conditioning system (5) is connected to the vehicle's battery (not shown).

[0056] The flat connector (3) further includes at least one thermistor (6) on the portion of its part that is at least partially embedded between the interlayer (12) and the inner glass sheet (13). The thermistor is connected to the control circuit (4) via the flat connector (3).

[0057] In this figure, a gap is shown between the interlayer (12) and the inner glass sheet (13). This gap is for illustrative purposes only to avoid making the figure too complex. This gap does not actually exist in the laminate.

[0058] Figure 1d An alternatively heated laminated glass (1) with embedded wires is shown as viewed from the side. The glass (1) comprises an outer glass sheet (11) and an inner glass sheet (13) laminated together by an interlayer (12). Conductive wires (2) are embedded in the interlayer (12) and thus face the outer glass sheet (11). These conductive wires (2) are heated to defrost or defog the glass (1). The glass (1) further includes an additional interlayer (14) between the interlayer (12) and the inner glass sheet (13).

[0059] The flat connector (3) is also at least partially embedded in the laminated glass (1), between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11). The flat connector (3) extends along the inner glass sheet (13). The flat connector (3) partially covers the outer surface (13e) of the inner glass sheet (13).

[0060] The flat connector (3) is connected to the embedded conductive wire (2).

[0061] The flat connector (3) includes control circuitry (4) on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The control circuitry (4) allows heating of the embedded conductive wire (2) to be controlled via the flat connector (3).

[0062] The flat connector (3) further includes an active conditioning system (5), such as a DC-DC converter, on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The active conditioning system (5) is connected to the vehicle's battery (not shown).

[0063] The flat connector (3) further includes at least one thermistor (6) on the portion of its part that is at least partially embedded between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11). The thermistor is connected to the control circuit (4) via the flat connector (3).

[0064] In this figure, a gap is shown between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11). This gap is for illustrative purposes only to avoid making the figure too complex. This gap does not actually exist in the laminate.

[0065] Figure 1e An alternatively heated laminated glass (1) with embedded wires is shown as viewed from the side. The glass (1) comprises an outer glass sheet (11) and an inner glass sheet (13) laminated together by two interlayers (12, 14). Conductive wires (2) are embedded in the interlayers (12) and thus face the additional interlayer (14). These conductive wires (2) are heated to defrost or defog the glass (1).

[0066] The flat connector (3) is also at least partially embedded in the laminated glass (1) between the two layers (12, 14). The flat connector (3) extends along the inner glass sheet (13). The flat connector (3) partially covers the outer surface (13e) of the inner glass sheet (13).

[0067] The flat connector (3) is connected to the embedded conductive wire (2).

[0068] The flat connector (3) includes control circuitry (4) on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The control circuitry (4) allows heating of the embedded conductive wire (2) to be controlled via the flat connector (3).

[0069] The flat connector (3) further includes an active conditioning system (5), such as a DC-DC converter, on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13). The active conditioning system (5) is connected to the vehicle's battery (not shown).

[0070] The flat connector (3) further includes at least one thermistor (6) on its portion, which is at least partially embedded between the two interlayers (12, 14). The thermistor is connected to the control circuit (4) via the flat connector (3).

[0071] In this diagram, a gap is shown between the two layers (12, 14). This gap is for illustrative purposes only to avoid making the diagram overly complex. This gap does not actually exist in the laminate.

[0072] Figure 2a A heatable laminated glass (1) with embedded wires is also shown, but viewed from above. In this embodiment, the embedded conductive wires (2) form a serpentine pattern. Figure 2b As shown, in this embodiment, the embedded conductive wire (2) is shown as peripheral. Other patterns of conductive wire can be used. Depending on the width of the conductive wire and the optical sensor located behind it, the conductive wire can be placed outside or within the field of view of the optical sensor.

[0073] While the invention has been shown and described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing description, such showing and description should be considered illustrative or exemplary, not restrictive. The foregoing description details certain embodiments of the invention. However, it should be understood that the invention can be practiced in many ways, however detailed the foregoing may appear in textual terms. The invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.

Claims

1. A wire-embedded laminated glass (1) for heating a vehicle, the laminated glass (1) being configured to be placed in front of an optical sensor, the laminated glass (1) comprising: a. An outer glass sheet (11) configured to face the exterior of the vehicle, the outer glass sheet (11) having an outer surface (11e) and an inner surface (11i). b. An inner glass sheet (13) configured to face the optical sensor, the inner glass sheet (13) having an outer surface (13e) and an inner surface (13i). c. Interlayer (12), the interlayer being configured to laminate the outer glass sheet (11) and the inner glass sheet (13) together, the interlayer (12) including embedded conductive wires (2). d. A flat connector (3) at least partially embedded between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11) or the inner glass sheet (13), the flat connector (3) extending along the inner glass sheet (13), the flat connector (3) partially covering the outer surface (13e) of the inner glass sheet (13), the flat connector (3) being connected to the embedded conductive wire (2), the flat connector (3) including control circuitry (4) on the portion of its portion covering the outer surface (13e) of the inner glass sheet (13), the control circuitry being configured to control the embedded conductive wire (2); Its features are, -The flat connector (3) further includes an active conditioning system (5) on the portion of its outer surface (13e) that partially covers the inner glass sheet (13), the active conditioning system being configured to be connected to the battery of the vehicle; - The flat connector (3) further includes at least one thermistor (6) on the portion of which it is at least partially embedded between the interlayer (12) and the outer glass sheet (11) or the inner glass sheet (13), the thermistor (6) being connected to the control circuit (4) via the flat connector (3).

2. The laminated glass (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The laminated glass (1) includes at least one additional interlayer (14) laminated between the outer glass sheet (11) and the inner glass sheet (13).

3. The laminated glass (1) according to claim 2, wherein, The flat connector (3) is at least partially embedded between the interlayer (12) and the at least one additional interlayer (14).

4. The laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The active regulation system (5) is a DC / DC converter.

5. The laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The optical sensor is a lidar, and the laminated glass (1) is transparent within the operating wavelength range of the lidar.

6. The laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The laminated glass (1) is a windshield, rear window, or side window.

7. The laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The laminated glass (1) is a cover for the optical sensor mounted on the vehicle.

8. The laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The laminated glass (1) is part of the external decorative element.

9. The use of the laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as a windshield, rear window or side window of a vehicle.

10. Use of the laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as a cover for an optical sensor mounted on a vehicle.

11. Use of the laminated glass (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as part of the exterior decorative elements of a vehicle.

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