A greenhouse cultivation method for a dual-purpose ornamental and edible lily

Abstract

This invention discloses a greenhouse cultivation method for lilies suitable for both ornamental and edible purposes. The method includes the following steps: (1) selecting bulbs of superior lily varieties 'Feixiang Shaohuamen' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng'; (2) planting the bulbs in a greenhouse, taking into account production needs and planting depth; the production needs are either flower removal for bulb production or flower cutting for bulb production; the planting depth is 10-14 cm in the planting trench. The suitable lily cultivation method of this invention solves the problems of extensive, experience-based planting methods in current greenhouse lily cultivation, which lack scientific data support and targeted lily production and planting decisions. It is highly efficient and economical, and can provide scientific guidance for the production of lilies suitable for both ornamental and edible purposes, such as 'Feixiang Shaohua' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng'.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of high-quality production and efficient cultivation of lilies, and relates to a greenhouse cultivation method for lilies that are both ornamental and edible, specifically to the greenhouse cultivation method for the new ornamental and edible lily varieties 'Feixiang Shaohua' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng'. Technical Background

[0002] Lilies (Lilium spp.) are a general term for all varieties of perennial herbaceous bulbous plants belonging to the genus Lilium in the family Liliaceae. Due to their beautiful and diverse appearance, rich or delicate fragrance, and unique medicinal and edible value, lilies hold a pivotal position in the global ornamental horticulture industry. Dual-purpose lilies, which are both ornamental and edible, overcome the shortcomings of poor edibility in ornamental lilies and the lack of ornamental value in edible lilies, making them a highly economical lily variety that can be both beautiful and edible. In greenhouse cultivation, lilies are mainly produced for bulb production through flower removal and for flower sales. If the plants grow well after flower removal, bulb production can also be pursued. The depth at which lilies are planted affects the quality and circumference of new bulbs, as well as the number of seed bulbs produced. Because dual-purpose lilies have many applications, there is currently a lack of research on the appropriate cultivation methods for each application. This results in a lack of technical references for the cultivation and application of new lily varieties when making production decisions. To guide practitioners in selecting appropriate planting methods and improving the quality and production efficiency of lilies based on production and application needs, this invention provides a suitable planting model for greenhouse cultivation based on two new lily varieties that are suitable for both ornamental and edible purposes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the current weak research foundation in greenhouse cultivation methods for lilies that are suitable for both ornamental and edible purposes, and to provide an economical and efficient greenhouse cultivation method for lilies that are suitable for both ornamental and edible purposes. This method has the advantages of being easy to operate and producing high-quality lilies.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, this invention claims protection for a greenhouse cultivation method for a dual-purpose ornamental and edible lily, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Select bulbs of the superior lily varieties 'Flying Youth' and 'Flying Orange';

[0007] (2) In the greenhouse, bulbs are planted according to the production and planting needs and the planting depth; the production and planting needs are to produce bulbs by removing flowers or to produce bulbs by cutting flowers; the planting depth is 10-14cm deep in the planting trench.

[0008] Furthermore, when the lily variety is 'Flying Youth', the planting depth is 14cm when the flower removal process is used to produce bulbs; when the flower removal process is used to produce both flowers and bulbs, the planting depth is 10-14cm.

[0009] Furthermore, when the lily variety is 'Flying Orange', the planting depth is 10cm when the flowers are removed to produce bulbs; when both flower and bulb production are considered, the planting depth is 10-14cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the bulbs of the lily varieties 'Feixiang Shaohua' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng' mentioned in step (1) have a circumference of 14-16cm.

[0011] The innovation of this invention lies in the fact that growers can choose the appropriate planting trench depth according to different production purposes to meet the planting needs of lily greenhouses. This is the greatest innovation of this invention. The traditional planting depth for ornamental and edible lilies is 8-15cm, and the research foundation for matching production needs with planting depth is weak.

[0012] This invention relates to two new lily varieties, 'Fei Xiang Shao Hua' (SH) and 'Fei Xiang Tian Cheng', which are both ornamental and edible.

[0013] Using 'Fei Xiang Tian Cheng' (TC) as the experimental material, this study investigated the effects of planting depth combined with flower removal and pruning techniques on the ornamental traits and bulb production of lilies.

[0014] The results showed that, when 'Feixiang Shaohua' was grown in a greenhouse, a planting depth of 14cm was suitable for bulb production under the flower removal treatment; under the flower removal treatment, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm were suitable for both flower and bulb production of 'Feixiang Shaohua'. Similarly, when 'Feixiang Tiancheng' was grown in a greenhouse, a planting depth of 10cm was suitable for bulb production under the flower removal treatment; under the flower removal treatment, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm were suitable for both flower and bulb production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng'.

[0015] This invention specifically relates to a greenhouse cultivation method for the ornamental and edible lily varieties 'Feixiang Shaohua' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng'. The materials used are two new ornamental and edible lily varieties, 'Feixiang Shaohua' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng', cultivated by Professor Teng Nianjun's lily team at Nanjing Agricultural University. The bulbs have a circumference of 14-16 cm, and the planting substrate is a soilless substrate.

[0016] The greenhouse cultivation experiment included two factors: flower removal and pruning (A) and planting depth (B). Based on the growth and development of the lily plants, the experiment was conducted in two phases: Phase I was the viewing period, and Phase II was the harvest period. In Phase I, the number of flower buds per plant, the length of the first flower bud, the thickness of the flower stalk, plant height, plant width, and stem diameter were measured. In Phase II, the underground bulbs were measured: the mass and circumference of the new bulbs, and the number of seed bulbs. The experimental data were analyzed using SPSS, and the LSD test and SNK-q test were used to compare the means.

[0017] The suitable greenhouse cultivation scheme for lilies in this invention was obtained through the following screening method:

[0018] (1) Select excellent 'Flying Youth' and 'Flying Orange' lily bulbs with a circumference of 14-16cm as seed bulbs, and measure and record the bulb weight and circumference data before planting;

[0019] (2) Bulbs were planted in a greenhouse using a substrate. The planting process was as follows: the planting trough was 1.2 meters wide, and 4 planting furrows were opened in each trough. The furrow spacing was 20 cm. 8 bulbs were planted in each furrow of each plot. The plant spacing was 15 cm. 3 replicates were set up for each treatment. Each replicate contained 32 bulbs.

[0020] (3) Data were measured and recorded according to the growth and development stages of lilies. Stage I was the budding stage, from the time the bulbs were planted until the top leaves opened and the flower buds were faintly visible and the length of the flower buds was 1-3cm. Flower removal treatment was carried out. Stage II was when the flowers at the first node showed color. The cut flowers were cut off 15cm above the ground and the flowers were cut off. According to the experimental requirements, the number of flower buds per lily branch, the length of the first flower bud, the thickness of the flower stalk, the plant height, the plant width, and the stem thickness were measured. Stage III was the lily harvesting period. The underground bulbs of lilies, namely new bulbs and seed bulbs, were harvested. The mass and circumference of the new bulbs and their corresponding relative growth rates were measured, as well as the number of seed bulbs per plant, the mass of the largest seed bulb, and the circumference of the seed bulb.

[0021] The indicator measurement method is as follows: a sample survey method is adopted, and 10 plants are selected for each treatment for statistical analysis.

[0022] Number of flower buds per branch: When the flower buds at the first flower node of this variety show color, measure the number of flower buds per branch of the plant.

[0023] First bud length: When the first bud of the flower head of this variety shows color, measure the length from the bottom to the top of the first colored bud.

[0024] Flower stalk thickness: When the first flower bud of this variety shows color, use vernier calipers to measure the diameter of the short branch supporting the first colored flower bud.

[0025] Plant height: When the first flower bud of this variety shows color, measure the vertical distance from the base of the plant to the highest point of the plant in its natural state, i.e., natural height.

[0026] Plant width: also known as spread, is the maximum width of the vertical projection of the plant in its natural state when the first flower bud of the variety shows color.

[0027] Stem thickness: When the first flower bud of this variety shows color, the weight of the new bulb at 15cm above the ground on the upright stem is measured using vernier calipers. After the bulbs are harvested, the fresh weight of the new large bulbs is measured using an analytical balance.

[0028] New bulb quality: After the bulbs are harvested, the fresh weight of the new large bulbs is measured using an analytical balance.

[0029] New bulb circumference: After the bulbs are harvested, measure the circumference of the new large bulbs with a soft measuring tape.

[0030] Bulb longitudinal diameter: After the bulbs are harvested, the height from the base to the top of the mature bulb is measured.

[0031] Number of bulbs per plant: This refers to the number of small bulbs growing from the stem. The number of bulbs per lily plant is measured when the bulbs are harvested.

[0032] Maximum bulb mass: This refers to the mass of the largest stem bulb. The fresh mass of the largest bulb is measured using an analytical balance at the time of bulb harvest.

[0033] The circumference of the largest bulb: This refers to the circumference of the largest stem bulb. When harvesting the bulbs, measure the circumference around the largest bulb using a soft measuring tape.

[0034] (4) Data analysis to derive the optimal solution.

[0035] The experimental data were analyzed using SPSS, and the LSD test and SNK-q test were used to compare the means. The treatment that showed the greatest significant improvement in the measured index was the optimal solution.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0037] This invention addresses the lack of research on matching the planting depth and production needs of the new lily varieties 'Feixiang Shaohua' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng' in greenhouse production. It provides a suitable greenhouse planting model that can improve the economic benefits of lily cultivation and provides theoretical reference. Detailed implementation method:

[0038] The following specific embodiments do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention in any way. All technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The following is a detailed method for selecting suitable greenhouse cultivation schemes for lilies suitable for both ornamental and edible purposes:

[0041] (1) The materials are two new lily varieties that are both ornamental and edible, cultivated by Professor Teng Nianjun's lily team at Nanjing Agricultural University: 'Feixiang Shaohua' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng'.

[0042] (2) Bulbs were planted in a greenhouse using a substrate. The planting process was as follows: the planting trough was 1.2 meters wide, with 4 planting furrows in each trough, spaced 20 cm apart. Eight bulbs were planted in each furrow of each plot, with a plant spacing of 15 cm. Each treatment had 3 replicates, with 32 bulbs per replicate. Open-field planting was completed on November 19, 2022, and bulbs were harvested on October 10, 2023. Other management was normal.

[0043] (3) Experimental Design: Planting depth combined with flower removal and cutting techniques. Based on the growth and development of the lily plants, the experiment was conducted in three phases: Phase I was the budding stage, from bulb planting until the top leaves opened and flower buds were faintly visible, with a bud length of 1-3 cm, at which time flower removal was performed; Phase II was when the first node flower showed color, at which time cut flowers were cut from 15 cm above the ground; according to experimental requirements, the number of flower buds per lily branch, the length of the first flower bud, the thickness of the flower stalk, plant height, plant width, and stem diameter were measured; Phase III was the lily harvesting period, during which the underground bulbs of the lily, i.e., new bulbs and seed bulbs, were harvested, and the mass and circumference of the new bulbs and their corresponding relative growth rates were measured, as well as the number of seed bulbs per plant, the maximum seed bulb mass, and the seed bulb circumference. The specific arrangements are shown in Table 1 below.

[0044] Table 1. Experimental Design of Greenhouse Cultivation

[0045]

[0046] (4) Indicator measurement and data analysis:

[0047] Number of flower buds per branch: When the flower buds at the first flower node of this variety show color, measure the number of flower buds per branch of the plant.

[0048] First bud length: When the first bud of the flower head of this variety shows color, measure the length from the bottom to the top of the first colored bud.

[0049] Flower stalk thickness: When the first flower bud of this variety shows color, use vernier calipers to measure the diameter of the short branch supporting the first colored flower bud.

[0050] Plant height: When the first flower bud of this variety shows color, measure the vertical distance from the base of the plant to the highest point of the plant in its natural state, i.e., natural height.

[0051] Plant width: also known as spread, is the maximum width of the vertical projection of the plant in its natural state when the first flower bud of the variety shows color.

[0052] Stem thickness: When the first flower bud of this variety shows color, the weight of the new bulb at 15cm above the ground on the upright stem is measured using vernier calipers. After the bulbs are harvested, the fresh weight of the new large bulbs is measured using an analytical balance.

[0053] New bulb quality: After the bulbs are harvested, the fresh weight of the new large bulbs is measured using an analytical balance.

[0054] New bulb circumference: After the bulbs are harvested, measure the circumference of the new large bulbs with a soft measuring tape.

[0055] Bulb longitudinal diameter: After the bulbs are harvested, the height from the base to the top of the mature bulb is measured.

[0056] Number of bulbs per plant: This refers to the number of small bulbs growing from the stem. The number of bulbs per lily plant is measured when the bulbs are harvested.

[0057] Maximum bulb mass: This refers to the mass of the largest stem bulb. The fresh mass of the largest bulb is measured using an analytical balance at the time of bulb harvest.

[0058] The circumference of the largest bulb: This refers to the circumference of the largest stem bulb. When harvesting the bulbs, measure the circumference around the largest bulb using a soft measuring tape.

[0059] A sampling survey method was adopted, with 15 plants selected from each treatment as the sample for statistical analysis. SPSS was used to analyze the experimental data, and the LSD test and SNK-q test were used to compare means. The optimal planting scheme was determined by analyzing the planting methods that showed the greatest significant improvement in the measured indicators.

[0060] Results Analysis

[0061] 1. The effect of planting depth on the ornamental traits of two edible and ornamental lilies

[0062] Table 2 shows that the experiment on the effect of planting depth on the ornamental traits of 'Flying Splendor' lily revealed that under planting depths of 10cm and 14cm, the number of flower buds per stem of 'Flying Splendor' lily was 6.0 and 7.1, respectively; the length of the first flower bud was 10.70cm and 11.00cm, respectively; the pedicel thickness was 6.21mm and 6.37mm, respectively; the plant height was 130.80cm and 131.80cm, respectively; the plant width was 22.07cm and 21.57cm, respectively; and the stem diameter was 8.74mm and 8.54mm, respectively. Data analysis indicates that planting depths of 10cm and 14cm had no effect on the ornamental traits of 'Flying Splendor' lily.

[0063] Table 2 Ornamental characteristics of the lily 'Flying Splendor' in the greenhouse

[0064]

[0065] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

[0066] Table 3 shows that the experiment on the effect of planting depth on the ornamental traits of 'Flying Orange' lily revealed that at planting depths of 10cm and 14cm, the number of flower buds per stem of 'Flying Orange' lily was 6.1 and 5.4, respectively; the length of the first flower bud was 9.85cm and 10.00cm, respectively; the pedicel thickness was 6.10mm and 6.24mm, respectively; the plant height was 107.27cm and 108.80cm, respectively; the plant width was 23.13cm and 22.87cm, respectively; and the stem diameter was 8.45mm and 8.31mm, respectively. Data analysis indicates that the planting depths of 10cm and 14cm did not significantly affect the ornamental traits of 'Flying Orange' lily.

[0067] Table 3 Ornamental characteristics of lily 'Flying Orange' in greenhouse

[0068]

[0069] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

[0070] 2. The impact of planting depth combined with flower removal and pruning techniques on the production of new bulbs of 'Flying Youth' cultivar.

[0071] Table 4 shows that the experiment on the production of new bulbs of 'Feixiang Shaohua' cultivar, combining planting depth with the flower removal technique, revealed that at a planting depth of 10cm, the weight and relative growth rate of the new bulbs were 92.42g and 137.69%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 20.58cm and 37.32%, respectively. At a planting depth of 14cm, the weight and relative growth rate of the new bulbs were 86.47g and 122.38%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 20.52cm and 36.92%, respectively. The results indicate that during flower removal, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm had no effect on the production of new bulbs. Therefore, under the flower removal treatment, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm are both suitable for the production of 'Feixiang Shaohua' cultivar bulbs.

[0072] Table 4 shows that the analysis of the effect of planting depth combined with the pruning treatment on the production of new bulbs of 'Feixiang Shaohua' reveals that at a planting depth of 10cm, the weight and relative growth rate of new bulbs were 44.72g and 15.00%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 16.67cm and 11.21%, respectively. At a planting depth of 14cm, the weight and relative growth rate of new bulbs were 49.14g and 26.38%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 17.33cm and 15.66%, respectively. Data analysis indicates that neither planting depth had a significant effect on the growth of new bulbs. Therefore, for the pruning treatment, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm are both suitable for the production of 'Feixiang Shaohua' bulbs.

[0073] A comparison of the effects of bulb removal and bulb trimming techniques on the production of 'Feixiang Shaohua' bulbs revealed that under bulb removal treatment, the weight of new bulbs ranged from 86.47g to 92.42g, and the circumference ranged from 20.52cm to 20.58cm; under bulb trimming treatment, the weight ranged from 44.72g to 49.14g, and the circumference ranged from 16.67cm to 17.33cm. At planting depths of 10cm and 14cm, bulb production was better under bulb removal treatment than under bulb trimming treatment. Therefore, bulb removal is more suitable for 'Feixiang Shaohua' bulb production than bulb trimming.

[0074] Therefore, it is evident that planting depth has no impact on the production of new 'Flying Youth' bulbs after adopting the flower removal production technique. Similarly, planting depth has no impact on the production of new 'Flying Youth' bulbs after adopting the flower cutting production technique. Comparing the two production techniques, the flower removal technique is more suitable for new bulb production than the flower cutting technique.

[0075] Table 4. Agronomical characteristics of new bulbs of lily 'Flying Youth' in greenhouse.

[0076]

[0077] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

[0078] 3. The impact of planting depth combined with flower removal and pruning techniques on the production of 'Flying Orange' seed bulbs.

[0079] Table 5 shows that the study on the effect of planting depth combined with the flower removal technique on the bulb production of 'Feixiang Shaohua' (Tables 2-7) revealed the following: At a planting depth of 10cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 9.6, with the largest bulb weighing 5.13g and having a circumference of 6.41cm; at a planting depth of 14cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 12.2, with the largest bulb weighing 4.32g and having a circumference of 6.19cm. Analysis indicates that planting depth combined with the flower removal technique did not affect the maximum bulb weight and circumference of 'Feixiang Shaohua', but it did affect the number of bulbs per plant, with the 14cm planting depth treatment producing more bulbs than the 10cm treatment. Therefore, under the flower removal treatment, a planting depth of 14cm is more suitable for the bulb production of 'Feixiang Shaohua'.

[0080] Table 5 shows that the study of the effects of planting depth combined with pruning techniques on bulb production of 'Feixiang Shaohua' lily (Tables 2-7) revealed the following: At a planting depth of 10cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 6.8, with the largest bulb weighing 2.37g and having a circumference of 5.40cm; at a planting depth of 14cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 6.4, with the largest bulb weighing 2.47g and having a circumference of 5.49cm. These results indicate that there was no difference in the three bulb production indicators between the 10cm and 14cm planting depths. Therefore, for pruning treatment, both 10cm and 14cm planting depths are suitable for 'Feixiang Shaohua' bulb production.

[0081] A comparative analysis of the effects of flower removal and flower cutting techniques on the bulb production of 'Feixiang Shaohua' lilies revealed the following (Table 2-7): Under flower removal treatment, the number of bulbs per plant ranged from 9.6 to 12.2, the maximum bulb weight ranged from 4.32 to 5.13 g, and the maximum bulb circumference ranged from 6.19 to 6.41 cm; under flower cutting treatment, the number of bulbs per plant ranged from 6.4 to 6.8, the maximum bulb weight ranged from 2.37 to 2.47 g, and the maximum bulb circumference ranged from 5.40 to 5.49 cm. Data analysis indicates that bulb production under flower removal treatment is superior to that under flower cutting treatment, with both the number of bulbs per plant and the maximum bulb weight being better. This suggests that flower removal is more suitable for bulb production than flower cutting.

[0082] Therefore, it is evident that the planting depth affects the production of 'Flying Youth' bulbs after adopting the sapling production technique, with a planting depth of 14cm being more suitable. Similarly, the planting depth has no effect on 'Flying Youth' bulb production after adopting the trimming production technique. Comparing the two production techniques, the sapling production technique is more suitable for bulb production than the trimming technique.

[0083] Table 5. Agronomical traits of lily bulbs 'Flying Youth' in greenhouse.

[0084]

[0085] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

[0086] 4. The impact of planting depth combined with flower removal and pruning techniques on the bulb production of 'Flying Orange'

[0087] Table 6 shows that the study on the effect of planting depth combined with flower removal technology on the production of new bulbs of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' revealed that at a planting depth of 10cm, the weight and relative growth rate of the new bulbs were 93.46g and 141.16%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 20.47cm and 35.64%, respectively. At a planting depth of 14cm, the weight and relative growth rate of the new bulbs were 62.56g and 61.44%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 18.37cm and 21.73%, respectively. Analysis indicates that the new bulbs produced at a planting depth of 10cm are better than those produced at 14cm in terms of both weight and circumference. Therefore, a planting depth of 10cm is suitable for the production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' bulbs during flower removal treatment.

[0088] Table 6 shows that the study on the effect of planting depth combined with pruning techniques on the production of new bulbs of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' revealed the following: At a planting depth of 10cm, the weight and relative growth rate of the new bulbs were 28.99g and -25.19%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 14.34cm and -4.99%, respectively; at a planting depth of 14cm, the weight and relative growth rate of the new bulbs were 37.12g and -4.23%, respectively, and the circumference and relative growth rate were 14.65cm and -2.92%, respectively. The comparison results indicate that neither planting depth had an effect on the production of new bulbs. Therefore, for pruning treatment, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm are both suitable for the production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' bulbs.

[0089] A comparative analysis of the production techniques of bulb removal and bulb trimming revealed that under bulb removal treatment, the weight of new bulbs ranged from 62.56 to 93.46 g, and the circumference ranged from 18.37 to 20.47 cm; under bulb trimming treatment, the weight of new bulbs ranged from 28.99 to 37.12 g, and the circumference ranged from 14.34 to 14.56 cm. In conclusion, the weight and circumference of new bulbs treated with bulb trimming are inferior to those treated with bulb removal. Therefore, bulb removal is more suitable for the production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' bulbs than bulb trimming.

[0090] Therefore, it is evident that planting depth affects the production of new bulbs for 'Feixiang Tiancheng' after adopting the flower removal production technique, with a planting depth of 10cm being more suitable. Similarly, planting depth has no effect on the production of new bulbs for 'Feixiang Tiancheng' after adopting the flower pruning production technique. Furthermore, comparing the two production techniques, the flower removal technique is more suitable for new bulb production than the flower pruning technique.

[0091] Table 6. Agronomical traits of new bulbs of lily 'Flying Orange' in greenhouse.

[0092]

[0093] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

[0094] 5. The impact of planting depth combined with flower removal and pruning techniques on the production of 'Flying Orange' seed bulbs.

[0095] As shown in Table 7, the analysis of the impact of planting depth combined with flower removal technology on the bulb production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' lily revealed (Tables 2-9) that at a planting depth of 10cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 11.4, with the largest bulb weighing 5.31g and having a circumference of 7.17cm; at a planting depth of 14cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 10.5, with the largest bulb weighing 4.16g and having a circumference of 6.86cm. The 10cm planting depth resulted in better performance in terms of the largest bulb's weight and circumference compared to the 14cm depth, while there was no difference in the number of bulbs per plant. Therefore, under the flower removal treatment, a planting depth of 10cm is more suitable for the bulb production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' lily.

[0096] As shown in Table 7, the experiment on the effect of planting depth combined with the flower-cutting production technique on the bulb production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' lily (Tables 2-9) revealed the following: At a planting depth of 10cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 5.0, with the largest bulb weighing 1.47g and having a circumference of 4.02cm; at a planting depth of 14cm, the number of bulbs per plant was 4.8, with the largest bulb weighing 0.89g and having a circumference of 3.81cm. Neither planting depth affected any of the bulb production indicators. Therefore, under the flower-cutting treatment, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm are suitable for the bulb production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' lily.

[0097] Data analysis of the effects of two production techniques, flower removal and flower cutting, on the bulb production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' lily bulbs revealed the following (Table 2-9): Under the flower removal treatment, the number of bulbs per plant ranged from 10.5 to 11.4, the maximum bulb weight ranged from 4.16 to 5.31 g, and the maximum bulb circumference ranged from 6.86 to 7.17 cm; under the flower cutting treatment, the number of bulbs per plant ranged from 4.8 to 5.0, the maximum bulb weight ranged from 0.89 to 1.47 g, and the maximum bulb circumference ranged from 3.81 to 4.02 cm. The results indicate that the flower removal treatment yielded better bulb production than the flower cutting treatment. Therefore, the flower removal treatment is more suitable for the bulb production of 'Feixiang Tiancheng' lily bulbs than the flower cutting treatment.

[0098] Therefore, it is evident that planting depth affects the production of 'Flying Orange' seeds after adopting the flower removal production technique, with a planting depth of 10cm being more suitable. Similarly, planting depth has no effect on the production of 'Flying Orange' seeds after adopting the flower trimming production technique. Comparing the two production techniques, the flower removal technique is more suitable for seed production than the flower trimming technique.

[0099] Table 7. Agronomic traits of lily bulbs 'Flying Orange' grown in greenhouse.

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

[0103] 6. Analysis of the greenhouse cultivation model of lily 'Flying Glory'

[0104] Table 8 shows that the study on the suitable planting depth for lily 'Flying Splendor' bulb production, combining planting depth with flower removal techniques, revealed that for flower removal, the suitable planting depths for new bulb production are 10cm and 14cm, and for seed bulb production, it is 14cm. For flower removal combined with open-field mulching, the suitable planting depths for ornamental traits, new bulb production, and seed bulb production are both 10cm and 14cm. Therefore, for flower removal, a planting depth of 14cm is suitable for lily 'Flying Splendor' bulb production; for flower removal, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm are suitable for both flower removal and bulb production.

[0105] Table 8. Analysis of Greenhouse Cultivation Mode for Lily 'Flying Splendor'

[0106]

[0107] 7. Analysis of Greenhouse Cultivation Model for Lily 'Flying Orange'

[0108] Table 9 shows that the study on the suitable planting depth for lily 'Flying Orange' bulb production, combining planting depth with flower removal techniques, revealed that for flower removal, the suitable planting depth for both new bulb production and seed bulb production is 10cm. For flower removal combined with open-field mulching, the suitable planting depths for ornamental traits, new bulb production, and seed bulb production are both 10cm and 14cm. Therefore, for flower removal, a planting depth of 10cm is suitable for lily 'Flying Orange' bulb production; for flower removal, planting depths of 10cm and 14cm are suitable for both flower removal and bulb production.

[0109] Table 9. Analysis of Greenhouse Cultivation Modes for Lily 'Flying Orange'

[0110]

[0111] In summary: When cultivating 'Flying Youth' in greenhouses, a planting depth of 14cm is suitable for bulb production under the flower removal treatment; under the flower removal treatment, planting depths of both 10cm and 14cm are suitable for both flower and bulb production of 'Flying Youth'. Similarly, when cultivating 'Flying Orange' in greenhouses, a planting depth of 10cm is suitable for bulb production under the flower removal treatment; under the flower removal treatment, planting depths of both 10cm and 14cm are suitable for both flower and bulb production of 'Flying Orange'.

Claims

1. A greenhouse cultivation method for a dual-purpose (ornamental and edible) lily, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Select bulbs of the superior lily varieties 'Flying Youth' and 'Flying Orange'; (2) In the greenhouse, bulbs are planted according to the production and planting needs and the planting depth; the production and planting needs are to produce bulbs by removing flowers or to produce bulbs by cutting flowers. When the lily variety is 'Flying Youth', the planting depth is 14cm when the flowers are removed to produce bulbs; when both flower and bulb production are considered, the planting depth is 10-14cm. When the lily variety is 'Flying Orange', the planting depth is 10cm when the flowers are removed to produce bulbs; when both flower and bulb production are considered, the planting depth is 10-14cm.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bulbs of the lily varieties 'Feixiang Shaohuamen' and 'Feixiang Tiancheng' mentioned in step (1) have a circumference of 14-16 cm.

3. The application of the method according to claim 1 or 2 in the cultivation of ornamental and edible lilies.

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