Solar gradient extraction of lunar regolith 3 Systems and methods of he

Abstract

This invention provides a method for solar gradient extraction of lunar soil. 3 He's system and method involve a solar concentrator frequency division heating hydrogen production device that combines photovoltaic power generation and hydrogen production with solar thermal energy to provide a high-temperature heat source; lunar soil is separated into ilmenite by a magnetic separation device and then extracted using a gradient extraction device. 3 He is extracted through a temperature gradient process involving mechanical crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, and chemical reduction; [the purity varies]. 3 He enters the separation and purification device for purification to different degrees; finally, the residual heat of the system is recovered by using lunar soil heat storage, and low-priced titanium oxides and iron are collected in the by-product chamber; because: (1) the temperature of mechanical crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis and chemical reduction reaction extraction is gradually increasing, energy consumption can be effectively reduced; (2) the concentrating frequency division device provides hydrogen for the ilmenite reduction reaction and water for photovoltaic hydrogen production, realizing coupling and consuming very little water; (3) the residual heat of the reaction is fully utilized and recovered, thereby achieving efficient production of lunar soil. 3 He.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of space energy technology, specifically relating to a method for extracting lunar soil using a solar gradient. 3 He's system and methods. Background Technology

[0002] In rare gases 3 He is a highly advantageous nuclear fusion fuel. Because... 3 Helium's reserves on Earth are extremely low (0.5 tons), and currently, nuclear fusion fuel mainly utilizes the thermonuclear fusion reaction of deuterium and tritium. However, relatively speaking, using... 3 He has advantages over tritium in nuclear fusion reactions, mainly because: (1) compared to the deuterium-tritium reaction, using He has advantages in nuclear fusion reactions. 3 He, as fuel, produces more energy in the reaction. (2) The reactants in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction produce more neutrons, while... 3 He, as fuel for nuclear fusion reactions, only produces protons. The radioactive damage from protons is easier to protect against compared to neutrons. Therefore, celestial bodies in space... 3 The discovery and exploitation of He resources are of great significance to the future survival of humankind.

[0003] Helium atoms are primarily retained in defects or exist as solid solutions within lunar regolith grains. The lattice structure of ilmenite grains is well-suited for trapping helium. 3 He. Currently, regarding the substances present in the surface layer of lunar regolith... 3 He is primarily extracted through thermal decomposition. However, as the temperature increases... 3 The release rate and diffusion rate of He are also increasing, in order to extract... 3 He requires a high temperature of 700K-1800K. Studies have shown that around 1000K, ilmenite... 3 He has the highest extraction efficiency. 3 The thermal release time of He is approximately 1 second, with a cumulative release of about 74%. However, this extraction method consumes a significant amount of energy, and the extracted... 3 He has low purity and requires a further purification and separation step to obtain a product that meets energy requirements. 3 Furthermore, the high-temperature products were not utilized, resulting in a large amount of waste heat dissipation.

[0004] Recent studies on helium atoms in lunar regolith particles from the Chang'e 5 lunar probe have revealed a large amount of... 3 Helium bubbles are trapped and preserved in a glassy layer on the surface of ilmenite grains in the lunar regolith. Calculations show that the helium retained in this glassy layer is sufficient for 2600 years based on current Earth consumption (used solely for nuclear fusion). This is in contrast to helium trapped in defects and solid solutions. 3He atoms, especially high-quality helium gas within bubbles, are easier to extract. Mechanical methods, such as ball milling, can break the bubbles and effectively release the gas. A drawback of this method is that it doesn't remove lattice defects. 3 He underwent further extraction, but no other useful products were produced. The processed lunar soil has low reuse efficiency, and the mechanical method is performed at low temperatures. 3 He has a low release rate.

[0005] As for lunar ilmenite 3 Further extraction of He and the generation of usable building materials byproducts mainly involve the smelting of ilmenite. The main methods include (1) gas-solid chemical reaction methods, including CH4 reduction, C / CO reduction, H2 reduction, etc.; (2) liquid-solid chemical reaction methods, including metallothermic reduction liquid-solid reaction methods, molten salt electro-deoxidation methods, hydrometallurgical techniques, etc.; and (3) solid-solid reaction white phosphate calcium ore method. The drawback of the above methods is that the reaction temperature is high and the raw materials are difficult to obtain on the moon.

[0006] The following methods can be used to separate ilmenite from lunar soil: (1) Magnetic separation: Ilmenite has strong magnetism and can be separated by magnetic separation. By using magnetic mechanical equipment, such as magnetic separators or high-intensity magnetic separators, ore containing ilmenite can be separated from other non-magnetic ores. (2) Gravity separation: Ilmenite and other ores have different densities and can be separated by gravity separation. Gravity flotation machines or gravity separators are usually used for gravity separation. By adjusting the density of the medium, ilmenite floats to the top and is separated from other ores. (3) Flotation: By utilizing the difference in hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity between minerals and water, mineral particles are attached to the bubbles through contact between the bubbles and the mineral particles, thereby achieving mineral separation. (4) Electrostatic separation: The main function of electrostatic separation is to separate the coarse concentrate containing non-conductive impurities after gravity separation and magnetic separation. Conductive mineral particles are separated from non-conductive mineral particles by using a high-intensity electric field. However: (1) Magnetic separation has poor selectivity for low-magnetic or non-magnetic ores; the separation effect is not ideal when the magnetic differences between ilmenite and other ores are small; (2) Gravity separation has poor separation effect for ores with similar densities; it requires a large amount of process water and has certain environmental pollution problems; (3) Flotation requires a large amount of organic chemical reagents and the separation process is very complicated; (4) Electrostatic separation requires a strong electric field, but the lunar surface is a vacuum environment, so it is impossible to generate corona discharge to charge the particles. If the system is sealed and filled with gas, it will also bring high costs. Considering the lunar environment, the cost of Earth-Moon transportation, and the composition of lunar soil, this invention chooses magnetic separation for separating ilmenite.

[0007] In solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, limited by the theoretical constraints of PV cells, single-junction and finite multi-junction PV cells cannot convert all solar energy into electrical energy. Furthermore, some solar energy is inevitably lost as waste heat into the environment, leading to both a waste of solar energy and an increase in the operating temperature of PV cells, thus reducing their efficiency. For solar thermal (CTP) technology, the significant difference in energy quality between solar and thermal energy results in substantial irreversible losses during the conversion process, a major reason for the relatively low efficiency of CTP power generation. This invention utilizes frequency division technology to divide the solar spectrum. Solar PV technology primarily utilizes short-wave solar rays, while solar thermal technology primarily utilizes long-wave solar rays. Through the complementarity of solar PV and solar thermal technologies, the full spectrum of solar energy can be utilized.

[0008] Based on the above research techniques, extraction is performed. 3 The proposal and design of He's integrated system are of great significance, particularly in how to fully and efficiently extract [resources] in the lunar space environment. 3 He, and as a future energy reserve for a lunar base or Earth, still requires further exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for extracting lunar soil using a solar gradient. 3 He's system and methods. The system:

[0010] (1) A solar concentrator with frequency division heating for hydrogen production is used to achieve efficient utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy. The photovoltaic portion generates electricity to power the magnetic sieving process and electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The heat generated by the photovoltaic portion enters the collector to initially heat the lunar soil and to power subsequent processes. 3 The thermal decomposition and thermochemical reduction processes in the He gradient extraction device serve as the heat source.

[0011] (2) Magnetic screening of the preliminarily crushed lunar soil to screen out 3 He-rich ilmenite.

[0012] (3) Extraction in different ways under gradient temperature 3 In the low-temperature range (below 700K), mechanical crushing is performed using ball milling to collect high-quality ilmenite glass bubbles. 3 He; In the intermediate temperature range (950-1050K), thermal decomposition is used to extract defects and lower-grade phases in the lattice of ilmenite. 3 He; In the high-temperature section (1200K-1700K), H2 produced by the electrolysis of water in the photovoltaic section is introduced to reduce ilmenite, obtaining iron as a byproduct and low-valent titanium oxide, and achieving... 3He releases and water vapor is collected.

[0013] (4) Based on the above, the waste heat generated by the system will be transferred through heat pipes and stored using lunar soil as the heat storage medium.

[0014] The technical solution adopted in this invention:

[0015] A solar gradient extraction method for lunar soil 3 He's system is characterized by including a solar concentrating frequency division heat generation hydrogen production device, a magnetic separation device, and 3 He gradient extraction device, lunar soil thermal storage device 3 He separation and purification unit, condensation and reflux unit, by-product collection chamber, primary gas collection chamber, secondary gas collection chamber 3 He storage device, hydrogen storage device.

[0016] The solar concentrating frequency-dividing hydrogen production device uses an optical convex lens to concentrate sunlight and a spectral frequency divider to divide the solar spectrum. Short-wave solar rays are used to generate hydrogen through solar photovoltaic power generation, while long-wave solar rays are used to generate a high-temperature heat source through a solar thermal collector.

[0017] The magnetic separation device includes a crushing mechanism, an electromagnetic separation mechanism, and a drying mechanism. The crushing mechanism is used for the initial mechanical crushing of lunar regolith, breaking large pieces of lunar regolith into mineral particles smaller than 3mm, which are then separated by magnetic separation. The electromagnetic separation mechanism allows loose lunar regolith particles to enter the feeding area under the action of water flow from the water jet pipe. Magnetic ilmenite in lunar soil particles aggregates under the influence of a magnetic field, forming "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains." Because the magnetic poles alternate along the direction of the cylinder, the "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains" experience magnetic agitation as the cylinder rotates. Non-magnetic minerals trapped within these clusters or chains are dislodged during this agitation, leaving the weakly magnetic ilmenite adhered to the "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains" on the cylinder surface. The ilmenite adsorbed on the cylinder rotates to the edge of the magnetic system where the magnetic force is weakest, and is then discharged into the concentrate tank by the flushing water jet from the discharge pipe. The dried and screened ilmenite is then used for subsequent mechanical crushing and extraction. 3 He.

[0018] The 3 The He gradient extraction device includes a grinding chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, and a reaction chamber. This device provides three temperature gradients to heat lunar regolith to the corresponding temperatures. The lunar regolith then enters the grinding chamber for mechanical grinding using ball milling, releasing the ilmenite glass layer. 3 He; the crushing chamber 3The high-grade, high-purity He will be directed to a gas collection chamber; the pulverized sample will continue to be heated and simultaneously enter the pyrolysis chamber, where the temperature will be maintained at 950-1050K, allowing the ilmenite to pass through interstices and defects. 3 He will be released at high temperature, and every approximately 3 seconds, the valve of the second gas collection chamber will open to collect the lower purity gas. 3 He; the pyrolyzed lunar regolith will continue to be transported to the reaction chamber, where the lunar regolith particles will continue to be heated; the temperature in the reaction chamber will be maintained at 1200-1700K, and the main component of ilmenite, FeTiO3, will react with H2 to undergo thermochemical reduction, partially... 3 He will release, at which point the gas contains some of the generated oxygen and unreacted hydrogen; at this point 3 He has the lowest purity, and this portion of the gas will be sent to the second gas collection chamber for further purification; at the same time, byproducts iron and low-valence titanium oxide will be generated; these will be transported as solids to the byproduct collection chamber for further purification and separation.

[0019] The heat storage device stores excess heat using lunar soil as a heat storage medium, serving as a heat source for nighttime or extreme emergencies.

[0020] The 3 He separation and purification device, used for the separation and purification of He 3 He / 4 He mixed gas and 3 He / 4 Separation and purification of He / H2 mixed gas to obtain high purity 3 The separation and purification of He and He mixed with other gases employs a multi-stage membrane separation method. 3 He and 4 He is separated using low-temperature evaporation separation; the gas in the second gas collection chamber enters... 3 The initial membrane separation process of the He separation and purification device begins, and gas enters from a gas collection chamber. 3 The intermediate membrane separation process of the He separation and purification unit begins separation and purification.

[0021] The condensation reflux device utilizes the principle that fluids change from a gaseous phase to a liquid phase below their boiling point temperature. It condenses and refluxes the gas generated in the reaction chamber, where water vapor condenses into a liquid phase and re-enters the water electrolysis cell, forming a water circulation system.

[0022] The byproduct collection chamber is used to collect Fe and low-valence titanium oxide produced in the reaction chamber. The Fe, in liquid form, will be separated from other products, which will be used as raw materials for building materials. The byproduct collection chamber is also connected to a heat exchanger to exchange heat with the working fluid of the heat pipe. A large amount of waste heat will be introduced into the lunar subsurface for storage via the heat pipe.

[0023] The gas collection chamber is divided into a primary gas collection chamber and a secondary gas collection chamber, wherein the primary gas collection chamber mainly collects gas from the pulverizing chamber. 3 He gas, high purity, does not require subsequent processing. 3 He mixing and purification increases energy consumption and purification time; the second gas collection chamber mainly collects gases from the pyrolysis chamber and reaction chamber. 3 He has low purity and requires further purification steps.

[0024] The 3 He storage device, used for... 3 The pure substance obtained from the separation and purification device 3 He performs the storage.

[0025] The hydrogen storage device is used to store hydrogen produced by a solar concentrator frequency division heating hydrogen production device.

[0026] The solar concentrator frequency division heat generation and hydrogen production device uses an optical convex lens as the concentrator, which can concentrate sunlight and increase the energy density of sunlight.

[0027] The solar concentrating frequency division heat generation and hydrogen production device includes a solar dish collector, tower collector, or trough collector, which can highly concentrate the long-wave solar light, increase the solar energy density, and generate high-temperature heat energy. It includes a concentrating reflector, a tracking mechanism, and a support structure.

[0028] The solar concentrator frequency division heat production and hydrogen production device has a frequency divider that can separate the solar spectrum (short-wave sunlight) in the 280-870nm range from the solar spectrum (long-wave sunlight) in the 870-4000nm range through refraction and reflection, so that the solar spectrum can irradiate the PV panel and the collector respectively.

[0029] The solar-powered concentrated frequency-division heating and hydrogen production device uses a PV panel, which is a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, a polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar panel, or an amorphous silicon thin-film solar panel. This panel absorbs short-wavelength sunlight and converts it into electrical and thermal energy, with the generated electricity being direct current. The PV panel is the photovoltaic component of the device, primarily responsible for converting solar energy into electrical energy, which is then used to further produce hydrogen through water electrolysis. Simultaneously, the back of the PV panel has a spiral cooling coil for heating the water in the water electrolysis cell and cooling the PV panel, thus mitigating the impact of high lunar surface temperatures on the radiative heat transfer to the back of the PV panel and its power generation efficiency.

[0030] The aforementioned solar concentrating frequency division heating hydrogen production device uses hydrogen produced by water electrolysis as a thermochemical reduction agent. 3 Raw materials for the He process.

[0031] The magnetic separation device is a wet weak magnetic separator.

[0032] The heat source for the drying mechanism of the magnetic separation device is the heat generated by photovoltaics and the heat converted from the photothermal component.

[0033] The 3 The He gradient extraction apparatus, in which the grinding chamber is used for fine grinding of lunar regolith to collect the abundant ilmenite in the glass layer bubbles, 3 He is released, and the temperature of the pulverizing chamber is controlled below 700K. Below this temperature, gaps and defects exist. 3 He will not release, but will instead increase the concentration of substances in the bubbles. 3 He's release rate.

[0034] The 3 He gradient extraction apparatus, wherein the pyrolysis chamber is used for high-temperature pyrolysis of pulverized ilmenite, removing impurities and defects from the ilmenite. 3 He is released, and the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is controlled at 950-1050K. At this temperature, the release efficiency of ilmenite is the highest, and the pyrolysis time is basically complete within 1 second. The valve of the secondary gas collection chamber is opened every 3 seconds to ensure that the crushed ilmenite can be fully pyrolyzed, releasing its components. 3 He was fully released.

[0035] The 3 The He gradient extraction device includes a high-temperature H2 reduction reaction chamber, where the temperature reaches 1200K-1700K. Under these high-temperature conditions, ilmenite reacts with hydrogen, as shown in the following reaction equation:

[0036] (1)

[0037] (2)

[0038] (3)

[0039] The main products are iron, water, and titanium dioxide. The water initially exists in a gaseous state, but after passing through a condensation and reflux chamber, it becomes liquid water, which is then returned to the electrolytic cell used in the photovoltaic water electrolysis process. The resulting low-valence titanium oxide possesses excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance, and high strength, making it an important industrial material. However, due to the complete structural alteration and reorganization of ilmenite before and after the reaction, gaps and defects exist within the ilmenite. 3 He will undergo further release; at this time, after condensation and reflux... 3 He gas is introduced into the second gas collection chamber.

[0040] The lunar soil thermal storage device comprises an underground heat exchange well, an underground thermal storage body, an underground insulation body, and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger uses two concentric circular pipes as heat transfer tubes, with the outer pipe's end sealed. During the heat storage stage, the heat transfer medium enters the inner pipe from the distribution pipe and flows out from the outer pipe, forming a closed loop to transfer heat to the lunar soil and store it. During heat extraction, the water in the pipes flows in the opposite direction, thus carrying the heat out. To reduce heat loss, a certain thickness of ceramic material is laid on the ground. To ensure heat transfer performance, there should be good contact between the outer pipe and the surrounding lunar soil. To achieve temperature stratification within the lunar soil, the heat transfer medium should maintain a low flow rate within the pipes.

[0041] The lunar soil heat storage device includes underground heat exchange wells, which are structures for exchanging heat between the heat exchange medium and the lunar soil. These wells have small diameters and large depths, and there is a certain distance between each underground heat exchange well. The device uses a coaxial underground heat exchanger with a double-tube structure.

[0042] The lunar soil thermal storage device, in which the underground thermal storage body is lunar soil, mainly functions to store heat transferred from the outside through a medium via heat pipes. When selecting the site for the underground thermal storage body, it should be designed according to the terrain and needs to achieve the corresponding thermal storage capacity.

[0043] The lunar soil thermal storage device, wherein the underground insulation body, i.e. the boundary of the underground thermal storage body, needs to meet the requirements of low thermal conductivity and good impermeability. In this invention, ceramic materials prepared from plagioclase, pyroxene, rutile, and olivine in lunar soil can be directly filled to improve the performance of the insulation body.

[0044] A solar gradient extraction method for lunar soil 3 He's method, which includes:

[0045] A solar-powered, frequency-divided solar thermal hydrogen production device achieves efficient utilization of the full solar spectrum. The short-wave solar spectrum is used in the photovoltaic section to convert solar energy into electricity and heat. The electricity generated by the photovoltaic section will serve as the power source for hydrogen production through water electrolysis. A spiral cooling coil is used on the back of the photovoltaic panels to maintain the water temperature at 40°C, accelerating the water electrolysis process. The oxygen produced by water electrolysis will serve as a resource gas for lunar base construction, providing for breathing and combustion. The hydrogen produced by water electrolysis will be used as… 3The H2 thermochemical reduction reaction in the reaction chamber of the He gradient extraction device is the raw material; the heat energy generated by the photovoltaic section will serve as part of the heat source for heating the ilmenite. The solar spectrum of long-wave sunlight will be applied in the photothermal section, concentrated by a concentrator to generate a high-temperature heat source, which will be used to heat the crushing chamber, pyrolysis chamber, and reaction chamber. Using a magnetic separation device, the lunar regolith is first initially crushed by a crushing mechanism to achieve magnetic separation conditions; secondly, a magnetic separation mechanism utilizes the weak magnetic properties of lunar ilmenite to separate the lunar regolith particles, obtaining ilmenite with higher purity; finally, a drying mechanism dries the ilmenite particles to prepare them for mechanical crushing in the crushing chamber. 3 The He gradient extraction device uses a mechanical crushing method, such as ball milling, to break down the dried ilmenite particles, releasing the bubbles in the ilmenite glass layer. 3 He, produced in the crushing chamber 3 The gas flows into a gas collection chamber, during which the ilmenite is continuously heated. After entering the pyrolysis chamber, the ilmenite powder is heated to 950-1050K for high-temperature pyrolysis, releasing the gas trapped in the interstitial spaces and defects of the ilmenite. 3 He, produced in the pyrolysis chamber 3 He gas is introduced into the second gas collection chamber, during which the ilmenite continues to be heated. Upon reaching the reaction chamber, the ilmenite is heated to 1200-1700K. The reaction chamber has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet introduces hydrogen generated from photovoltaic water electrolysis, which serves as a raw material for the thermochemical reduction of ilmenite. The outlet leads to a condensation and reflux chamber for water condensation and reflux. In the condensation and reflux chamber, the water flows into the electrolysis cell of the photovoltaic water electrolysis process. Since the mineral itself contains hydrogen, theoretically, the water electrolysis cycle can be completed in practice, or with minimal water consumption. The cooled gas is introduced into the second gas collection chamber. The reactants produced in the reaction chamber are sent to the by-product collection chamber. The by-product collection chamber separates the Fe and low-valent titanium oxides produced in the reaction through a separation mechanism. Low-valent titanium oxides can be used as important industrial materials. The heat generated in the above process will be transferred underground through a double-pipe heat exchange for lunar soil thermal storage.

[0046] The heat sources of the aforementioned pulverizing chamber, pyrolysis chamber, and reaction chamber mainly come from the high-temperature heat source generated by the photothermal component, while a portion of the heat source of the pulverizing chamber comes from the heat generated by photovoltaic power generation.

[0047] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0048] (1) By utilizing a solar concentrator frequency division heat generation hydrogen production device, the full spectrum of solar energy can be efficiently utilized, making full use of solar energy and improving the efficiency and stability of photovoltaic power generation.

[0049] (2) Extraction can be performed using different methods at low, medium, and high gradient temperatures. 3He integrates mechanical crushing, pyrolysis, and thermochemical processes into a single device, resulting in a compact structure, low energy dissipation, and high extraction efficiency.

[0050] (3) The water produced by the thermochemical reduction reaction will be returned to the water electrolysis cell for re-electrolysis, resulting in high water resource utilization.

[0051] (4) The waste heat generated is directed to the lunar soil through heat pipes for lunar soil heat storage, which can be used as a reserve energy during the lunar night, while increasing energy utilization efficiency and reducing waste heat energy loss. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This invention provides a method for solar gradient extraction of lunar soil. 3 A schematic diagram of He's system and methods;

[0053] Figure 2 This is one embodiment of the present invention. 3 Structure and schematic diagram of He gradient extraction device;

[0054] Figure 3 This is one embodiment of the present invention, 2. 3 Structure and schematic diagram of He gradient extraction device;

[0055] Figure 4 This is one embodiment of the present invention, 3. 3 Structure and schematic diagram of He separation and purification device;

[0056] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of one type of solar concentrating frequency division heat generation and hydrogen production device;

[0057] Figure 6 for Figure 1 System main heat transfer diagram;

[0058] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a magnetic separation device.

[0059] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a lunar soil thermal storage device.

[0060] Among them, 1-Solar concentrating frequency division heat production hydrogen production device, 2-Magnetic separation device, 3-Lunar soil heat storage device, 4- 3 He separation and purification device, 5- 3 He gradient extraction device, 6- condenser reflux device, 7- by-product collection chamber, 8- primary gas collection chamber, 9- secondary gas collection chamber, 10- 311-Hydrogen storage device, 12-Concentrating lens, 13-Frequency divider, 14-PV panel, 15-Heat collector, 16-Water electrolysis cell, 17-Photovoltaic heat exchanger, 18-Spiral cooling coil, 19-Pulverizing chamber, 20-Pyrolysis chamber, 21-Reaction chamber, 22-Crushing mechanism, 23-Electromagnetic separation mechanism, 24-Drying mechanism, 25-Heat exchange well, 26-Insulation body, 27-Heat pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This invention provides a method for solar gradient extraction of lunar soil. 3 A schematic diagram of He's system and method, which includes a solar concentrating frequency division heat generation hydrogen production device (1), a magnetic separation device (2), and a lunar soil heat storage device (3). 3 He separation and purification device (4) 3 He gradient extraction device (5), condenser reflux device (6), by-product collection chamber (7), primary gas collection chamber (8), secondary gas collection chamber (9) 3 He storage device (10), wherein:

[0063] A solar concentrator and frequency divider for hydrogen production (1) achieves efficient utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy. A concentrator (12) concentrates sunlight, increasing its energy density and focusing it onto a frequency divider (13). The frequency divider (13) separates the solar spectrum of the concentrated sunlight through refraction and reflection, illuminating the photovoltaic and solar thermal parts respectively. The sunlight from the photovoltaic part illuminates the PV panel (14), which converts solar energy into electrical energy. Water is then used as a raw material to electrolyze water in a water electrolysis cell (16) to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Some of the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic part is used as a heat source for the crushing, thermal decomposition, and thermochemical reduction processes through a photovoltaic heat exchanger (17). The back of the PV panel (14) is equipped with a spiral cooling coil (18) to cool the photovoltaic panel when the surface temperature is high during the daytime on the moon. Short-wavelength rays of the solar spectrum illuminate the photovoltaic part for electrolysis to produce hydrogen, which is then used for thermochemical reduction. 3 The reducing agent of the He process; long-wavelength light from the solar spectrum irradiates the photothermal part and enters the collector (15). The collector (15) used in this device is a dish collector, tower collector, or trough collector, including a concentrating reflector, a tracking mechanism, and a support structure, to preheat the lunar soil and serve as a heat source for subsequent thermal decomposition and thermochemical reduction processes.

[0064] The magnetic separation device (2) performs preliminary crushing and magnetic screening of the lunar soil, and filters out... 3He is rich in ilmenite; among which the crushing mechanism (22) is used for the preliminary mechanical crushing of lunar soil, crushing large pieces of lunar soil into mineral particles of less than 3mm, thereby meeting the requirements for entering the electromagnetic separation mechanism (23). The electromagnetic separation mechanism (23) uses a wet weak magnetic separation mechanism. Under the action of water flow through the mineral spray pipe, the loose lunar soil mineral particles enter the feeding area; the magnetic ilmenite in the lunar soil mineral particles gathers under the action of the magnetic field to form "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains". Since the magnetic poles are alternately arranged along the direction of the cylinder, the "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains" generate magnetic stirring phenomenon due to the alternation of magnetic poles when the cylinder rotates, and are trapped in the "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains". Non-magnetic minerals in the lunar soil particles in the "chain" fall off during the turning process. The "magnetic clusters" or "magnetic chains" that are finally attracted to the surface of the cylinder are weakly magnetic ilmenite. They then enter the separation mechanism for the final detachment and separation of the ilmenite adsorbed on the cylinder. The ilmenite is rotated with the cylinder to the edge of the magnetic system where the magnetic force is weakest. Under the action of the flushing water sprayed from the unloading water pipe, it is unloaded into the concentrate tank. Since the separated ilmenite contains a large amount of water, it needs to be dried. The separated wet ore enters the drying mechanism (24). The heat source required by the drying mechanism (24) is the heat generated by photovoltaic and the heat converted from the photothermal part. The constant temperature drying is achieved by using ordinary heating resistance wire.

[0065] 3 The gradient extraction device (5) processes ilmenite from the magnetic separation device (2) and can extract it in different ways at gradient temperatures. 3 He, ilmenite in 3 The He gradient extraction device (5) will be continuously heated, and in the low-temperature section (below 700K), ilmenite is mechanically crushed by ball milling in the crushing chamber (19) to obtain... 3 He leads to a gas collection chamber (8), and the gas in the gas collection chamber (8) is used as... 3 The intermediate process gas of the He separation and purification device (4) is purified; the crushed ilmenite enters the pyrolysis chamber (20), the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber (20) is maintained in the medium temperature range (950-1050K), and the defects and lower purity in the ilmenite lattice are extracted by high temperature thermal decomposition. 3 He; At the medium temperature range, the release efficiency of ilmenite is the highest, and the pyrolysis time is basically complete within 1 second. The valve of the two-gas collection chamber (9) is opened every 3 seconds to ensure that the crushed ilmenite can be fully pyrolyzed. At the same time, due to the crushing in the previous step, the pyrolysis release efficiency is higher. The pyrolyzed ilmenite enters the reaction chamber (21), and the temperature of the reaction chamber (21) is maintained in the high temperature range (1200-1700K). At the same time, H2 generated in the water electrolysis cell (16) and 3 The H2 separated by the He separation and purification device (4) is used to reduce ilmenite. The reaction formula is as follows:

[0066] (1)

[0067] (2)

[0068] (3)

[0069] Water vapor passes through the condensation and reflux device (6) to become liquid water, which will return to the electrolytic cell of the aforementioned photovoltaic water electrolysis system, or can be directly used as drinking water on the lunar surface. Furthermore, the main byproduct is low-cost titanium oxide, which can be used as building materials for lunar bases, although gaps and defects exist. 3 He will then undergo further release. At this point, the condensed and refluxed gas is introduced into the second gas collection chamber (9); the second gas collection chamber (9)... 3 He directly accessed 3 He separation and purification device (4); the gas after passing through separation and purification device 4 is pure. 3 He, in 3 He is stored in the storage device (10); Fe and low-valence titanium oxide produced in the reaction chamber (21) are introduced into the by-product collection chamber (7), where Fe is separated into liquid state and other products can be used as raw materials for building materials; the by-product collection chamber (7) is connected to the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the working fluid of the heat pipe (27). A large amount of heat will be introduced into the lunar subsurface through the heat pipe (27) and stored through the lunar soil heat storage device (3).

[0070] Based on the above, the lunar soil thermal storage device (3) dissipates the excess heat generated by the reaction through a heat exchanger. 3 He gradient extraction device (5) performs heat recovery, and through heat conduction... 3 The heat emitted by the He gradient extraction device (5) is stored in the fluid medium in the heat exchanger. The liquid medium is directed to the heat exchange well (25) and introduced into the lunar subsurface through the heat pipe (27). The lunar soil is used as the heat storage body and the heat insulation body (26) for storage. The heat exchange well (25) plays a conductive role in the external heat storage or heat release.

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, a system and method for gradient utilization that couples mechanical crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, and chemical reduction methods is described above. The system and method include:

[0072] The dried ilmenite from the magnetic separation unit (2) can be processed to extract it in different ways at gradient temperatures. 3 He, ilmenite in 3The He gradient extraction device (5) will continue to heat as the track moves forward. In the low-temperature section (below 700K), the ilmenite is in the crushing chamber (19). The valve of the crushing chamber (19) is closed, the gas valve is opened, and the mechanical crushing is carried out by ball milling. Below this temperature, there are gaps and defects. 3 He is not released; it exists within ilmenite bubbles. 3 He is released due to the destruction of the bubble structure caused by mechanical crushing. Because the ilmenite is heated to 600-700K in this device, compared to conventional ball milling, this process... 3 The release rate of He is accelerated due to the high temperature, which speeds up the movement of gas molecules, resulting in efficient and rapid collection of high-quality gas from the bubbles in the ilmenite glass layer. 3 He, received 3 He leads to a gas collection chamber (8). After this process is completed, the valve of the crushing chamber (19) opens, and the ilmenite concentrates in the funnel, falling periodically. The conveyor belt continues to run, and the crushed ilmenite continues to be heated. Before being transported to the pyrolysis chamber (20), the valve of the pyrolysis chamber (20) opens, and the gas valve closes. After being sealed in the pyrolysis chamber (20) at a medium temperature range (950-1050K), the valve of the pyrolysis chamber (20) closes, and the gas valve opens. High-temperature pyrolysis is used to extract defects and lower-grade phases from the ilmenite lattice. 3 He. Because the release efficiency of ilmenite is highest at medium temperature and the pyrolysis time is basically complete within 1 second, the valve of the gas collection chamber (9) is opened every 3 seconds, and the pulverized ilmenite in the crushing chamber (19) is periodically transported to the pyrolysis chamber (20), so that the pulverized ilmenite can be fully pyrolyzed. At the same time, due to the previous crushing and periodic separation of ilmenite, the pyrolysis area will increase, and gaps and defects will exist. 3 The release area of ​​He is greatly increased, and the heat capacity required for one pyrolysis is small, thus the pyrolysis release efficiency is higher. After the reaction, the ilmenite accumulates in the partition. When the accumulation reaches the amount to be crushed once in the crushing chamber (19), the partition opens, and the conveyor belt continues to transport it to the reaction chamber (21). Before that, the valve of the reaction chamber (21) opens and the gas valve closes, and it is connected to the water electrolysis cell (16) and 3 The gas valve connected to the hydrogen chamber of the He separation and purification device (4) is closed, and the gas enters the reaction chamber (21) in the high-temperature section (1200-1700K). The valve of the reaction chamber (21) is closed, and the gas valve is opened, connecting with the water electrolysis cell (16) and... 3 The gas valve connecting the hydrogen chamber of the He separation and purification device (4) is opened, and H2 produced in the water electrolysis cell (16) is introduced. 3 The H2 separated by the H2 separation and purification device (4) is used to reduce ilmenite. Under high temperature conditions, ilmenite reacts with H2, and the reaction formula is as follows:

[0073] (1)

[0074] (2)

[0075] (3)

[0076] Water will exist in gaseous form. After passing through the condensation reflux device (6), the water vapor will liquefy into liquid water due to the decrease in temperature. The liquid water will return to the water electrolysis cell (16) of the photovoltaic water electrolysis. Since ilmenite itself contains hydrogen, the water produced by the reaction is distilled water, which can be directly used as a raw material for water electrolysis. Therefore, the water can be recycled multiple times, and a highly efficient closed loop can be achieved. In addition, the by-products are mainly low-priced titanium oxides, which can be used as important industrial materials. Among them, since the structure of ilmenite is completely changed and reorganized before and after the reaction, gaps and defects exist. 3 He will then undergo further release. The gas that has undergone condensation and reflux is then introduced into the second gas collection chamber (9). The second gas collection chamber... 3 He directly accessed 3 He separation and purification device (4), a gas collection chamber (8) 3 He entered 3 This is an intermediate step in the He separation and purification device (4), which can save a lot of separation energy consumption. 3 The gas after the He separation and purification device (4) is pure. 3 He, in 3 He is stored in the storage device (10). The Fe and low-valence titanium oxide produced in the reaction chamber (21) are fed into the by-product collection chamber (7), where Fe, as a liquid, will be separated from other products and flow into the molten metal tank for cooling. Other products can be used as raw materials for building materials. The by-product collection chamber (7) is connected to a heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium of the heat pipe (27). A large amount of heat will be introduced into the heat exchange well (25) through the heat pipe (27). The heat exchange well (25) exchanges heat fully with the lunar regolith at the bottom of the moon, and is stored in a gradient manner through the lunar regolith heat storage device (3). Figure 2 In one embodiment shown, it is 3 Another structure of the He gradient extraction device (5) eliminates the reaction chamber (21), that is, it only utilizes mechanical crushing and high-temperature pyrolysis to process the dried ilmenite from the magnetic separation device (2). 3 He undergoes gradient extraction; at this time, the H2 produced by the water electrolysis cell (16) directly enters the hydrogen storage device (11) for storage. This method can be used to extract H2 from lunar soil. 3 He can achieve relatively thorough extraction, and because it does not require raising the temperature too much, it consumes relatively little energy.

[0077] like Figure 3 In one embodiment shown, it is 3Another structure of the He gradient extraction device (5) eliminates the pyrolysis chamber (20), that is, it only utilizes mechanical crushing and high-temperature thermochemical reduction to process the dried ilmenite from the magnetic separation device (2). 3 He performs gradient extraction; the ilmenite entering the reaction chamber (21) comes from the mechanically crushed ilmenite in the crushing chamber (19), and this method can be used to extract ilmenite from the lunar soil. 3 He achieves thorough extraction while significantly reducing the system's water consumption.

[0078] like Figure 4 In one embodiment shown, it is 3 Another operating mode of the He separation and purification device (4) eliminates the need for a gas collection chamber (8). 3 He entered 3 The intermediate process of the He separation and purification device (4) is not the same as that of the two gas collection chambers (9). 3 He entered together 3 The initial inlet of the He separation and purification device (4) is used for separation and purification through the entire device. The advantage of this method is that the device structure is simple and the gas purity and uniformity of the separation and purification are high.

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, a photovoltaic-thermal hydrogen production system and method using solar concentrating frequency division is described above. The system and method include:

[0080] A concentrator (12) focuses sunlight, increasing its energy density and directing it onto a frequency divider (13). The frequency divider (13) separates the solar spectrum in the 280-870nm range from the solar spectrum in the 870-4000nm range through refraction and reflection, illuminating the photovoltaic and solar thermal components respectively. The sunlight from the photovoltaic component illuminates the PV panel (14), which is a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, a polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cell, or an amorphous silicon thin-film solar cell. It can absorb the short-wavelength band of sunlight and convert it into electrical and thermal energy, with the generated electricity being direct current. The main function of the PV panel (14) is to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is then used to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water in a water electrolysis cell (16) using water as a raw material. At the same time, the photovoltaic component also generates some heat, which is transferred through a photovoltaic heat exchanger (17) to the processes of crushing, thermal decomposition, and thermochemical reduction. It achieves the absorption and transfer of heat energy. The solar spectrum is used in the photovoltaic portion to electrolyze hydrogen, a reducing agent in the reduction reaction of ilmenite, as a thermochemical reduction agent. 3The raw materials for the He process. The solar thermal portion enters the collector (15), which is a dish collector, tower collector, or trough collector used in this device. It can highly concentrate the long-wave solar light, increase the solar energy density, and generate high-temperature thermal energy. It includes a concentrating mirror, a tracking mechanism, and a support structure to initially heat the lunar soil, and to serve as a heat source for subsequent thermal decomposition and thermochemical reduction processes.

[0081] like Figure 6 The diagram shown is a heat transfer diagram of the device. The collector (15) is the main high-temperature heat source, transferring heat to... 3 The He gradient extraction device (5) supplies heat to the crushing chamber (19), pyrolysis chamber (20), and reaction chamber (21). Photovoltaic cell power generation generates heat, which is also transferred to the photovoltaic heat exchanger (17). 3 The He gradient extraction device (5) supplies heat. The condenser reflux device (6) cools the high-temperature gas, generating a large amount of heat, which is transferred to the crushing chamber (19) to heat the ilmenite. The by-product collection chamber (7) contains a large amount of heat from the reaction products, and the high-temperature heat is transferred to... 3 The He gradient extraction device (5) provides heat in the low-to-medium temperature range. And the entire... 3 The residual heat generated on the surface of the He gradient extraction device (5), as well as the heat emitted by the reaction, are all introduced into the ground for lunar soil heat storage.

[0082] Therefore, the description of the specific embodiments in this invention is not intended to limit the concept and scope of the invention. Any modifications and improvements made to the technical solution by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical solution of this invention will still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A solar gradient extraction method for lunar soil 3 He's system is characterized by... It includes a solar concentrating frequency division heat generation hydrogen production device (1), a magnetic separation device (2), and a lunar soil heat storage device (3). 3 He separation and purification device (4) 3 He gradient extraction device (5), condenser reflux device (6), by-product collection chamber (7), primary gas collection chamber (8), secondary gas collection chamber (9) 3 He storage device (10), hydrogen storage device (11), wherein: A solar concentrator and frequency divider for generating hydrogen (1) is used to utilize the full spectrum of solar energy. A concentrator (12) concentrates sunlight, and a frequency divider divides the sunlight for utilization. The frequency divider transmits or refracts the concentrated sunlight into two wavelength bands. The shorter wavelength sunlight shines onto a PV panel (14) to generate electricity. The generated electricity is used to electrolyze water to produce H2 and O2. The H2 obtained from water electrolysis is used for… 3 In the He gradient extraction device (5), the reducing agent in the reaction chamber (21) of the ilmenite chemical reduction process, excess hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage device (11) for storage; long-wave sunlight acts on the collector (15) to generate high-temperature heat as... 3 He gradient extraction device (5) heating source; Magnetic separation device (2) is used for preliminary crushing and magnetic screening of lunar soil to screen out 3 He-rich ilmenite was dried and used as... 3 Raw materials processed by the He gradient extraction device (5); Lunar soil thermal storage device (3) is used to store lunar soil thermal energy. 3 The waste heat generated in the pulverizing chamber (19) and pyrolysis chamber (20) of the He gradient extraction device (5) is recovered and stored; 3 He separation and purification device (4) is used for the separation and purification of He. 3 He / 4 He mixed gas and 3 He / 4 Separation and purification of He / H2 mixed gas to obtain high purity 3 He; 3 He gradient extraction device (5) is used to process ilmenite from magnetic separation device (2) and extract it in different ways at gradient temperatures. 3 He, where the heat source for heating the ilmenite is the high-temperature heat generated by the collector (15) in the solar concentrating frequency splitting heat generation hydrogen production device (1), when the temperature is in the low-temperature range, the ilmenite from the magnetic separation device (2) is mechanically crushed by ball milling in the crushing chamber (19), and exists in the ilmenite bubbles. 3 He will be released due to the destruction of the bubble structure caused by mechanical breakage, resulting in... 3 He leads to a gas collection chamber (8); after mechanical crushing, the ilmenite from the crushing chamber (19) enters the pyrolysis chamber (20) for further heating, with the temperature maintained in the medium temperature range, and is extracted by high-temperature pyrolysis. 3 He contains ilmenite defects and low purity in the crystal lattice. 3 He is released upon heating, and obtains 3 He leads to the gas collection chamber (9); after thermal decomposition, the ilmenite from the pyrolysis chamber (20) enters the reaction chamber (21) for further heating. While the temperature is maintained at a high temperature, it undergoes a thermochemical reaction with H2 generated from the solar concentrator frequency divider hydrogen production device (1) to process the ilmenite. 3 He extraction, due to the complete structural alteration and reorganization of ilmenite before and after the reaction, contains gaps and defects. 3 He will undergo further release, and the reaction produces H2O / 3 The He / H2 gas will be condensed and recovered as water vapor through a condensation reflux device (6), resulting in... 3 He / H2 is directed to the two-gas collection chamber (9); the low-valence titanium oxide and Fe produced in the reaction chamber (21) will be separated and collected through the by-product collection chamber (7); the low temperature section is below 700K, the medium temperature section is 950-1050K, and the high temperature section is 1200-1700K; Condensation reflux device (6), used for condensing reflux from 3 The water vapor generated in the reaction chamber (21) of the He gradient extraction device (5) is liquefied to form liquid water. The liquid water is then returned to the water electrolysis cell (16) in the solar concentrator frequency division heat generation hydrogen production device (1) as a raw material for hydrogen production in the photovoltaic electrolysis cell. The high-temperature heat carried by the gas generated in the reaction chamber (21) will be used as... 3 One of the heat sources of the grinding chamber (19) of the He gradient extraction device (5); By-product collection room (7), used for processing products from 3 In the reaction chamber (21) of the He gradient extraction device (5), the low-valence titanium oxide and Fe produced by the reaction are separated and stored separately; the raw materials collected in the by-product collection chamber (7) contain high-temperature heat and are stored through the lunar soil heat storage device (3); The gas in the gas collection chamber (8) enters due to its high purity. 3 He separation and purification are carried out at the intermediate inlet of the separation and purification device (4); the gas in the second gas collection chamber (9) enters due to its low purity. 3 He separation and purification is carried out at the initial inlet of the separation and purification device (4); 3 He storage device (10), for use with 3 He separation and purification device (4) produces pure He. 3 He performs the storage.

2. A method for solar gradient extraction of lunar soil according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... The solar collector (15) is a solar dish collector, tower collector, or trough collector, and the PV panel (14) is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cell, an amorphous silicon thin-film solar cell, or a perovskite solar cell.

3. A method for extracting lunar soil using a solar gradient according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... The PV panel (14) has a spiral cooling coil (18) on the back for heating the water in the water electrolysis cell (16) and cooling the PV panel (14) to prevent the temperature of the PV panel (14) from rising due to radiative heat transfer from the lunar surface.

4. A method for extracting lunar soil using a solar gradient according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... The frequency divider (13) separates the solar spectrum in the 280-870nm range from the solar spectrum in the 870-4000nm range by transmission, refraction, or reflection. The short-wave solar light will irradiate the PV panel (14) and be converted into electrical energy and heat energy. The converted electrical energy is used to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water in the water electrolysis cell (16) using water as raw material. The waste heat generated by the PV panel (14) after generating electricity and the heat generated by the collector (15) are used as... 3 The heat source of the He gradient extraction device (5).

5. A method for solar gradient extraction of lunar soil according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... The electromagnetic separation mechanism (23) of the magnetic separation device (2) is a wet weak magnetic separation mechanism and is equipped with a constant temperature drying device.

6. A method for extracting lunar soil using a solar gradient according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... The lunar soil heat storage device (3) has a coaxial underground heat exchanger in the heat exchange well (25), and the insulation body (26) is lunar soil. A certain thickness of ceramic material is laid on the surface of the insulation body (26).

7. A method for extracting lunar soil using a solar gradient according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... The 3 He separation and purification device (4): The separation and purification of He mixed with other gases adopts a multi-stage membrane separation method. 3 He and 4 He is separated by low-temperature evaporation; the gas in the second gas collection chamber (9) enters 3 He separation and purification device (4) The initial membrane separation process begins separation and purification, and gas enters the gas collection chamber (8). 3 He separation and purification device (4) Intermediate membrane separation process begins separation and purification.

8. A method for solar gradient extraction of lunar soil according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... 3 The He gradient extraction device (5) is an integral high-temperature structure. Ilmenite will be heated in a gradient during this process. There is a funnel between the crushing chamber (19) and the pyrolysis chamber (20) for intermittent feeding with a cycle of 3 seconds. There is a partition between the pyrolysis chamber (20) and the reaction chamber (21), which is opened every 30 minutes to feed the reduction chamber. The temperature of the crushing chamber (19) is required to be below 700K, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber (20) is maintained at 950-1050K, and the temperature of the reaction chamber (21) is 1200-1700K. Each of the crushing chamber (19), the pyrolysis chamber (20), and the reaction chamber (21) has an inlet and outlet valve, as well as a gas valve connected to the corresponding gas collection chamber. The reaction chamber (21) also has a valve connected to the condensation reflux device (6), and the water in the gas will be condensed and refluxed as the raw material for the hydrolysis hydrogen production of the water electrolysis cell (16).

9. A method for extracting lunar soil using a solar gradient according to claim 1 3 He's system is characterized by... The 3 He gradient extraction device (5) performs 3 The heat sources extracted by the He gradient are as follows: the first type of heat energy comes from the high-temperature heat energy generated by the collector (15) which highly concentrates long-wave sunlight and increases the solar energy density; the second type of heat energy comes from the heat energy generated by the power generation of the PV panel (14); the third type of heat energy comes from the cooling gas of the condenser reflux device (6), where the cooling medium exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas and carries the heat energy; and the fourth type of heat energy comes from the heat energy carried by the by-products when the by-product collection chamber (7) separates and stores high-temperature by-products.

10. A solar gradient extraction method for lunar soil 3 He's method, using the system according to any one of claims 1-9, is characterized in that, The method includes: A solar concentrator frequency division heat production hydrogen production device (1) concentrates and divides the sun, in which high-frequency sunlight enters the photovoltaic part and low-frequency sunlight enters the photothermal part; Solar power is generated on PV panels (14), and the generated electricity is used to produce hydrogen. 3 The chemical reduction process of ilmenite in the He gradient extraction device (5) provides the reducing agent H2, which is chemically coupled, and the heat generated in the power generation process is... 3 He gradient extraction provides thermal energy; Solar heat is generated on the collector (15) to provide... 3 He gradient extraction provides a high-temperature heat source; The lunar soil was separated using a magnetic separation device (2) to screen out high-grade ilmenite, and then subjected to preliminary crushing. 3 The gradient extraction device (5) processes the dried ilmenite from the magnetic separation device (2) and extracts it in different ways at gradient temperatures. 3 He, ilmenite in 3 The He gradient extraction device (5) will continue to heat as the conveyor belt moves forward. In the low-temperature section, which is below 700K, the ilmenite is in the crushing chamber (19). The valve of the crushing chamber (19) is closed, the gas valve is opened, and the ilmenite is crushed mechanically by ball milling to obtain... 3 He leads to a gas collection chamber (8); after this process is completed, the valve of the crushing chamber (19) is opened, the ilmenite is concentrated in the funnel and falls periodically, the conveyor belt continues to run, the crushed ilmenite continues to be heated, before being transported to the pyrolysis chamber (20), the valve of the pyrolysis chamber (20) is opened, the gas valve is closed, and the pyrolysis chamber (20) is sealed in the medium temperature section, the medium temperature section is 950-1050K, the valve of the pyrolysis chamber (20) is closed, the gas valve is opened, and the defects and lower phases in the ilmenite lattice are extracted by high temperature pyrolysis. 3 He opens the valve of the gas collection chamber (9) every 3 seconds and periodically transports the pulverized ilmenite from the crushing chamber (19) to the pyrolysis chamber (20). After the reaction, the ilmenite accumulates on the partition. When the accumulation reaches the amount of pulverized ilmenite in the crushing chamber (19), the partition opens and the conveyor belt continues to transport it to the reaction chamber (21). Before that, the valve of the reaction chamber (21) opens and the gas valve closes, and the gas is discharged into the water electrolysis cell (16) and the gas collection chamber (20). 3 The gas valve connected to the hydrogen chamber of the He separation and purification device (4) is closed, and the gas enters the reaction chamber (21) in the high-temperature section, which is 1200-1700K. The valve of the reaction chamber (21) is closed, and the gas valve is opened, connecting with the water electrolysis cell (16) and... 3 The gas valve connecting the hydrogen chamber of the He separation and purification device (4) is opened, and H2 produced in the water electrolysis cell (16) is introduced. 3 The H2 separated by the H2 separation and purification device (4) is used to reduce ilmenite. Under high temperature conditions, ilmenite reacts with H2, and the water generated by the reaction will exist in gaseous form. After passing through the condensation and reflux device (6), due to the decrease in temperature, the water vapor liquefies into liquid water, and the liquid water will return to the water electrolysis cell (16) of photovoltaic water electrolysis. The gas after condensation and reflux is introduced into the two gas collection chamber (9). Two gas collection chambers 3 He directly accessed 3 He separation and purification device (4), a gas collection chamber (8) 3 He entered 3 The intermediate stage of the He separation and purification device (4); after 3 The gas after the He separation and purification device (4) is in 3 He is stored in the storage device (10); Fe and low-valence titanium oxide produced in the reaction chamber (21) are introduced into the by-product collection chamber (7). The by-product collection chamber (7) is connected to the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium of the heat pipe (27). A large amount of heat will be introduced into the heat exchange well (25) through the heat pipe (27). The heat exchange well (25) exchanges heat fully with the lunar soil at the bottom of the moon and stores it in gradients through the lunar soil heat storage device (3).

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