Surgical procedure simulator and surgical procedure practice method

Abstract

A surgical operation simulator (10) is provided with: a model body (12) that simulates the appearance of a human hand (12b) and a forearm portion (12a); a recessed portion (24) that cuts a portion of the back of the hand of the model body (12), including a snuff box (26), in a recessed shape; a groove portion (22) that extends from the recessed portion (24) of the model body (12) to a distal side and a proximal side; a puncture block (14) that fills the recessed portion (24); and a blood vessel tube portion (16) that penetrates the puncture block (14) and is configured to cross two simulated extensor tendons (34, 36).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a surgical operation simulator and a method for practicing surgical operations using catheters, used for training surgical procedures. Background Technology

[0002] As part of minimally invasive endovascular therapy, surgical procedures involving the insertion of catheters or sheaths into blood vessels are widely performed. Such catheter insertions are typically performed at sites of minimal burden on the patient. For example, in cardiac catheterization (and examinations), the catheter is often inserted into the radial artery at the wrist (radial approach). As an apparatus for practicing such radial approach procedures, a surgical simulator, as described in International Publication No. 2015 / 146273, has been proposed, for example.

[0003] In recent years, the distal radial artery approach (dRA) has been proposed as a less invasive method. The distal radial artery approach involves inserting the catheter at a more distal (distal) position than the existing radial artery approach. Compared to the existing radial artery approach, the distal radial artery approach has a lower risk of bleeding complications, shorter hemostasis time, and less pain.

[0004] However, the distal radial artery approach has not yet been widely adopted due to the difficulty of puncturing the small diameter vessels it targets, and because it is a relatively new surgical procedure. To further popularize the distal radial artery approach, a surgical simulator that allows for easy experience using this approach is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The following is a surgical operation simulator for training medical instruments to puncture the distal radial artery of a human body, comprising: a model body that simulates the appearance of a human hand and forearm; a recess formed by cutting a portion of the back of the hand, including the snuffbox, of the model body into a concave shape; a groove extending from the recess of the model body to a proximal side; a puncture block fitted into and filling the recess; and a vascular portion, partly housed within the puncture block and partly housed within the groove, the groove opening outwards to allow visual observation of the interior of the vascular portion from the outside.

[0007] Another perspective is a surgical procedure practice method that uses a surgical procedure simulator based on the above perspective, which includes the following steps: confirming the location of the vascular portion inside the puncture block; puncturing the puncture needle from the surface of the puncture block and puncturing the vascular portion; and inserting a guidewire into the vascular portion and advancing the guidewire inside the vascular portion disposed in the groove.

[0008] The surgical simulator and surgical practice methods described above allow for easy experience with the distal radial artery approach, thus contributing to its wider adoption. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 It is an explanatory diagram showing the puncture sites of the radial artery, distal radial artery, and existing radial artery puncture sites in the human hand and forearm.

[0010] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the surgical operation simulator of the first embodiment.

[0011] Figure 3 From Figure 2 The side view of the model body after the puncture block has been removed.

[0012] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A top view of the puncture block.

[0013] Figure 5 Is Figure 2 The puncture block was fitted with a three-dimensional diagram simulating the extensor tendon and vascular portion.

[0014] Figure 6A It means that when using Figure 2 The surgical operation simulator training method includes a cross-sectional view of the needle puncturing a blood vessel using echo guidance. Figure 6B It means that when using Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the operation of advancing the guidewire inside the blood vessel in the practice method of the surgical operation simulator.

[0015] Figure 7 This is a top view of the puncture block in the second embodiment.

[0016] Figure 8 It is along Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the puncture block along line VIII-VIII. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Before describing the implementation method, the location of the radial artery in the human body and the puncture site for the distal radial artery approach will be explained.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the radial artery branches off from the brachial artery (not shown) and runs along the radius in the forearm. Near the wrist, the radial artery runs on the palmar side, closer and superficial to the skin on the thumb side. This is the portion touched with the fingers when taking a pulse. The puncture site in existing radial artery approaches is located slightly proximal to the radial artery near the wrist.

[0019] The distal side (distal side) of the radial artery, as shown in the diagram, passes through a region called the snuffbox (anatomical snuff bottle or snuff box) and faces the back of the hand. The snuffbox is the depression that appears near the base of the thumb from the wrist joint when the thumb is flexed outwards.

[0020] The snuffbox is a triangular area formed between the raised portion due to the extensor pollicis longus tendon on the dorsal side of the hand and the raised portion due to the extensor pollicis brevis tendon on the peripheral side of the hand, tapering towards the fingertips. A proximal portion of the snuffbox is formed by the radial styloid process. The radial styloid process serves as one of the landmarks for the distal radial artery approach.

[0021] The radial artery crosses and extends from the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the snuffbox, deeper than the latter two tendons. The puncture site for the distal radial artery approach is either the radial artery passing through the snuffbox or the radial artery slightly distal to the snuffbox.

[0022] (First Implementation)

[0023] The surgical operation simulator 10 according to the embodiment will be described below. Figure 2 As shown, the surgical operation simulator 10 of this embodiment uses a model body 12 that simulates a portion of the forearm 12a and the hand 12b, and is used in practice for inserting a catheter into the puncture site in the distal radial artery approach.

[0024] As shown in the figure, the surgical simulator 10 includes a model body 12, a puncture block 14, a blood vessel section 16, a syringe 18, and a base 20. The model body 12 has the shape of a human hand 12b and a portion of the distal side of the forearm 12a. The model body 12 is integrally molded from resin material.

[0025] The model body 12 also has a groove 22 and a recess 24. The groove 22 is a concave groove extending along the extension direction (proximal and distal directions) of the hand 12b. The groove 22 extends to both the proximal and distal sides of the recess 24, accommodating and holding the blood vessel portion 16 protruding from the recess 24 to the proximal and distal sides. The dimension (width) of the groove 22 in the direction orthogonal to the centerline of the extension direction is smaller than the outer diameter of the blood vessel portion 16, and the blood vessel portion 16 is clamped and accommodated within the groove 22 by compression in the width direction. The blood vessel portion 16 is formed of a transparent component. The blood vessel portion 16 is held by the groove 22 so that it does not move out of the groove 22. The groove 22 opens outward (upward), allowing easy visual observation of the interior of the blood vessel portion 16 from above. The portion of the vascular tube 16 that remains within the groove 22 during model use is designated as the visible portion 16b, and the portion embedded within the puncture block 14 is designated as the embedded portion 16a. Furthermore, the embedded portion 16a and the visible portion 16b do not represent specific locations within the vascular tube 16 itself, but are defined entirely through their relationship to the groove 22 and the puncture block 14 relative to the vascular tube 16.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the recess 24 accommodates and holds the puncture block 14. The recess 24 is for housing the snuffbox 26 of the model body 12 (see reference). Figure 2 When the model body 12 is placed with the thumb pointing upwards and the surrounding area is viewed from above (hereinafter, the definition of "viewing from above" is set to the same definition), the recess 24 and its surrounding area have a crescent-shaped depression. The depression 24 has a straight dorsal side 24a on the back side of the hand 12b and an arc-shaped side 24b on the palm side.

[0027] The dorsal side surface 24a extends in a straight line when viewed from above and abuts against the flat portion 14a of the puncture block 14, which will be described later. By providing the dorsal side surface 24a, the direction in which the puncture block 14 is embedded relative to the model body 12 can be determined, thus enabling the positioning of the rotational direction of the puncture block 14.

[0028] A first confluence portion 24c is formed on the proximal side of the arc-shaped side surface 24b. A first portion 22a on the proximal side of the groove portion 22 is connected to the first confluence portion 24c. A second confluence portion 24d is formed on the distal side of the arc-shaped side surface 24b. A second portion 22b on the distal side of the groove portion 22 is connected to the second confluence portion 24d.

[0029] The model body 12 has a simulated protrusion 40 on the proximal side of the recess 24, which simulates the protrusion near the wrist formed by the radial styloid process. The simulated protrusion 40 is arranged proximal to the snuffbox 26. The simulated protrusion 40 is formed of a rigid material and is embedded in the model body 12, serving as one of the markers for determining the puncture location.

[0030] like Figure 4As shown, the puncture block 14 has an arc-shaped portion 14b and a flat portion 14a, and is shaped by cutting a cylinder in the height direction so that the bottom surface of the cylinder is crescent-shaped. The arc-shaped portion 14b is formed as an arc when viewed from above, corresponding to the side surface of the cylinder after the cylinder has been cut off. The flat portion 14a is formed as a straight line when viewed from above, corresponding to the cross-section when the cylinder has been cut off. The puncture block 14 is formed as a solid block from an elastic resin material that is softer and more elastic than the model body 12. In addition, the puncture block 14 can be formed by cutting the elastic resin material, or it can be formed using a mold with a desired shape. Alternatively, the puncture block 14 does not have to be a shape formed by cutting off the cylinder, as long as it has a shape that is easy to align when the puncture block 14 is inserted into the recess 24.

[0031] The puncture block 14 has a shape slightly larger than the recess 24 of the model body 12. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the puncture block 14 can be elastically deformed while being embedded into the recess 24. When the puncture block 14 is embedded into the recess 24, the puncture block 14 completely fills the recess 24. The upper end face 14c of the puncture block 14 has a shape that is almost identical to the outer surface of the human hand 12b. In other words, the upper end face 14c of the puncture block 14 does not excessively protrude from the surface of the model body 12, and together with the model body 12, forms a series of surfaces.

[0032] For example, elastic materials such as polyurethane elastomer, natural rubber, and silicone rubber can be used as the material for the puncture block 14. The puncture block 14 is, for example, colored skin-colored. The puncture block 14 is preferably opaque so that the blood vessel portion 16 (embedded portion 16a) embedded inside the puncture block 14 cannot be visually observed. The puncture block 14 is preferably, for example, of a hardness (elasticity) similar to that of human subcutaneous tissue or adipose tissue. Such a puncture block 14 is placed at the puncture needle 90 (refer to...). Figure 6A During puncture, it can provide the user with the same puncture sensation as the actual human body part.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the puncture block 14 has a first through hole 28, a second through hole 30, and a third through hole 32 internally. The first through hole 28 is for receiving the first simulated extensor tendon 34 (see reference). Figure 5 The hole 28 extends substantially parallel to the direction of extension of the planar portion 14a at a constant depth from the upper end face 14c. The first through hole 28 is, for example, disposed at a relatively shallow position at a depth of about 2 to 3 mm from the upper end face 14c of the puncture block 14.

[0034] The second through hole 30 is for accommodating the second simulated extensor tendon 36 (see reference). Figure 5The second through hole 30 is located at a position closer to the planar portion 14a than the first through hole 28 (i.e., the back side). The second through hole 30 is located at the same depth as the first through hole 28. When viewed from above, the second through hole 30 is inclined relative to the first through hole 28 in such a way that it gets closer to the first through hole 28 as it moves toward the distal side (the distal side).

[0035] The third through hole 32 is a hole through which the vascular tube portion 16 is inserted. The vascular tube portion 16 is positioned deeper than the first through hole 28 and the second through hole 30. The third through hole 32 is, for example, positioned at a depth of approximately 4 mm from the upper end face 14c of the puncture block 14. When viewed from above, the third through hole 32 is located on the proximal side closer to the ventral (palmar) side than the first through hole 28 and the second through hole 30, but extends toward the planar portion 14a (i.e., toward the dorsal side) as it moves toward the distal side.

[0036] The third through hole 32, when viewed from above, is located deeper than the first simulated extensor tendon 34 (first through hole 28) and the second simulated extensor tendon 36 (second through hole 30), intersecting and extending in the direction of travel of the first simulated extensor tendon 34 and the second simulated extensor tendon 36. If the puncture block 14 is inserted into the recess 24, the distal end 32b of the third through hole 32 intersects with the second portion 22b of the distal groove 22 (see reference). Figure 3 The third through hole 32 is connected to the proximal end 32a of the third through hole 32 and the proximal first part 22a of the groove 22 (refer to...). Figure 3 )connect.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, a first simulated extensor tendon 34, a second simulated extensor tendon 36, and a vascular portion 16 are installed in the puncture block 14. The first simulated extensor tendon 34 is received within the first through hole 28. The first simulated extensor tendon 34 simulates the human extensor pollicis brevis tendon (see reference). Figure 1 The first simulated extensor tendon 34 is formed to a length that does not protrude from the puncture block 14.

[0038] The first simulated extensor tendon 34 is formed of a rigid resin component, making it difficult to puncture with a puncture needle 90. The first simulated extensor tendon 34 has a shape that convexes towards the upper surface of the puncture block 14 in an arc-shaped cross-section. The puncture block 14 is configured such that the convexity of the first simulated extensor tendon 34 can be easily felt by the user when contacting it from the upper end face 14c.

[0039] The second simulated extensor tendon 36 is a long, plate-like component simulating the extensor pollicis longus tendon of the human body. The second simulated extensor tendon 36 is received within the second through-hole 30 of the puncture block 14. The second simulated extensor tendon 36 is formed from the same long, plate-like resin component as the first simulated extensor tendon 34. The second simulated extensor tendon 36 is shaped to a length that does not protrude laterally from the puncture block 14. The second simulated extensor tendon 36 can also be easily felt from the upper end face 14c of the puncture block 14. A simulated snuffbox 26 is formed between the first simulated extensor tendon 34 and the second simulated extensor tendon 36.

[0040] The vascular tube section 16 is a component that simulates the radial artery of the human body. The vascular tube section 16 is formed from an elastic tube such as rubber, silicone resin, or polyurethane elastomer. The vascular tube section 16 is formed from a transparent or translucent material, allowing visual observation of the interior of the tube to confirm the misplacement of the guidewire 92. In this embodiment, the vascular tube section 16 is preferably set to have the same diameter as the radial artery near the snuffbox 26.

[0041] The size of the vascular tube 16 can be, for example, a tube with an inner diameter of 1.8 mm and an outer diameter of 3.2 mm, or a tube with an inner diameter of 2.0 mm and an outer diameter of 3.5 mm. The vascular tube 16 is accommodated so that it can slide relative to the third through hole 32. If such a vascular tube 16 is perforated due to surgical practice, the portion with the perforation can be cut off by pulling the vascular tube 16 out of the puncture block 14, leaving the portion of the vascular tube 16 without the perforation within the puncture block 14. This allows for a rapid transition to the next practice. In the case of multiple practice sessions, it is preferable that the length of the vascular tube 16 is sufficient to reduce the frequency of replacement of the vascular tube 16.

[0042] In the vascular tube section 16, a sealing cap 38 is connected to the distal end, and a syringe 18 is connected to the proximal end. The vascular tube section 16 is filled with a liquid simulating blood. The liquid, for example, is water colored red. The sealing cap 38 seals the distal end of the vascular tube section 16. The syringe 18 is aspirated by the manual operation of an assistant, thereby generating a pressure change in the vascular tube section 16 equivalent to a pulsation. When aspiration is performed by the syringe 18, the practitioner can perceive the pulsation of the vascular tube section 16 from the upper end face 14c of the puncture block 14. By sealing the distal end of the vascular tube section 16 with the sealing cap 38, a pressure change in the vascular tube section 16 can be generated simply by gently pressing the pressing head of the syringe 18. Furthermore, the syringe 18 can be replaced with other pressurizing mechanisms such as a pump for generating a pulsation.

[0043] When practicing, Figure 5 The puncture block 14 shown is as follows Figure 2The recess 24 is shown. The blood vessel portion 16 is received in the groove 22 of the model body 12. The width of the groove 22 is, for example, about 2 mm, which is narrower than the outer diameter of the blood vessel portion 16. Therefore, the blood vessel portion 16 is stably held by the groove 22. In addition, by configuring the groove 22 and the blood vessel portion 16 in this way, when aspiration is performed with the syringe 18, the blood vessel portion 16 (visible portion 16b) received in the groove 22 is restricted from pulsation by being clamped by the groove 22, but the blood vessel portion 16 (embedded portion 16a) embedded in the puncture block 14 can be pulsated efficiently.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the model body 12 is held by a base 20. The base 20 has a receiving recess 20a that receives a portion of the lower side of the model body 12. A locking mechanism is provided in the receiving recess 20a to engage with the model body 12. The lower surface 20b of the base 20 is formed flat. The base 20 stably supports the model body 12 by being placed on a flat surface such as a table.

[0045] The above surgical operation simulator 10 is used in the following manner.

[0046] Surgical operation simulator 10, for example, can be used with the aid of an echo device (ultrasound imaging diagnostic device) (see reference). Figure 6A This allows for the practice of echo-guided puncture. Additionally, the surgical simulator 10 can also be used for puncture practice without an echo device. The following describes an example using an echo device.

[0047] use Figure 2 In the practice using the surgical operation simulator 10 shown, aspiration is performed using a syringe 18 with the aid of an assistant. The trainee confirms the positions of the first simulated extensor tendon 34 and the second simulated extensor tendon 36 by contacting the simulated protrusion 40 and the puncture block 14, and confirms the position of the snuffbox 26, which becomes the puncture site.

[0048] Next, the trainee moves the detector 100 of the echo device in various directions along the upper end face 14c of the puncture block 14 and observes the interior of the puncture block 14. In this way, the trainee can grasp the positional relationship between the first simulated extensor tendon 34, the second simulated extensor tendon 36, and the vascular portion 16.

[0049] Next, the detector 100 is positioned on the snuffbox 26. The detector 100 is oriented with its long axis orthogonal to the extending direction of the blood vessel portion 16. Furthermore, as... Figure 6AAs shown, the puncture needle 90 (e.g., 20G in diameter) is configured orthogonally to the long axis of the detector 100. The puncture needle 90 is inserted from the distal side toward the proximal side along the extension direction of the blood vessel portion 16. The puncture is performed using the puncture needle 90 while confirming the position of the needle tip using an echo device.

[0050] After the puncture needle 90 is inserted into the blood vessel section 16, as Figure 6B As shown, the guidewire 92 is inserted into the vascular portion 16. With the puncture needle 90 accurately puncturing the vascular portion 16, the guidewire 92 enters the lumen of the vascular portion 16. Therefore, by visually observing the vascular portion 16 (visible portion 16b) of the groove 22, it can be confirmed that the guidewire 92 is inserted into the vascular portion 16 without abnormal course. Furthermore, in the human body, the radial artery near the snuffbox has branches leading to smaller vessels. Therefore, to prevent accidental entry into smaller vessels, it is necessary to rotate the guidewire 92 while advancing it.

[0051] In this embodiment, the surgical simulator 10 allows for easy visual observation of the state of the blood vessel portion 16, where the guide wire 92 is exposed from the opening of the groove portion 22, to determine whether the operation of rotating and advancing the guide wire 92 has been performed appropriately.

[0052] The above exercises, using the surgical simulator 10, have been completed. If necessary, the exercises can be continued to practice sheath insertion and catheter insertion.

[0053] By repeating the above exercises, it is possible to form a perforation in the vascular portion 16, and the fluid inside the vascular portion 16 may leak through the perforation into the third through hole 32 and the puncture block 14. Therefore, if necessary, before proceeding to the next exercise, after removing the puncture block 14 from the model body 12, the vascular portion 16 of the puncture block 14 can be pulled distally to cut off the perforated portion of the vascular portion 16, and the cut portion can be sealed with a sealing cap 38. Afterwards, if the puncture block 14 and the vascular portion 16 are reassembled into the model body 12, it is possible to proceed to the next exercise. The surgical operation simulator 10 of this embodiment can proceed to the next exercise as a whole without replacing the vascular portion 16, and can easily repeat the practice of distal radial artery approach with less preparation work.

[0054] (Second Implementation)

[0055] This embodiment relates to the puncture block 14 of the surgical operation simulator 10 (see reference). Figure 4 Variations of ) such as. Figure 7As shown, the puncture block 14A of this embodiment has a crescent-shaped form obtained by cutting off the side portion of a cylinder. The puncture block 14A has the same shape and dimensions as the puncture block 14. The puncture block 14A is formed from the same elastic resin material as the puncture block 14.

[0056] like Figure 8 As shown, the puncture block 14A has only a third through hole 32 inside, omitting the first through hole 28 and the second through hole 30 (see reference). Figure 4 , Figure 5 The puncture block 14A does not have the first simulated extensor tendon 34 and the second simulated extensor tendon 36 (see reference). Figure 5 The puncture block 14A has two tendon-like protrusions 35 on its surface that mimic the extensor tendon. These tendon-like protrusions 35 are swelling structures mimicking the extensor tendons of the hand, informing the user of the tendon's location. Even without the first simulated extensor tendon 34 and the second simulated extensor tendon 36, the location of the extensor tendon can be identified, allowing for proper puncture placement.

[0057] The third through hole 32 is a hole through which the blood vessel portion 16 is inserted. The position and shape of the third through hole 32 of the puncture block 14A are the same as those of the third through hole 32 of the puncture block 14. In addition, the structure of the blood vessel portion 16 of the puncture block 14A is the same as that of the blood vessel portion 16 of the puncture block 14.

[0058] The puncture block 14A of this embodiment is constructed as described above. The puncture block 14A simplifies its structure by having rib-like protrusions 35 that protrude in a raised manner on its surface, allowing the user to determine the appropriate puncture position. Furthermore, surgical training can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Additionally, the puncture block 14A simplifies the manufacturing process by eliminating the first simulated extensor tendon 34 and the second simulated extensor tendon 36. Moreover, the puncture block 14A eliminates the need for replacing simulated extensor tendons, simplifying preparation.

[0059] The above information can be summarized as follows.

[0060] (Project 1) A surgical operation simulator (10) for training medical instruments to puncture the distal radial artery of a human body, comprising: a model body (12) that simulates the appearance of a human hand (12b) and forearm (12a); a recess (24) formed by cutting a portion of the back of the hand of the model body, including the snuffbox (26), into a concave shape; a groove (22) extending from the recess of the model body to a proximal side; a puncture block (14) fitted into and filling the recess; and a vascular tube (16) partially housed inside the puncture block and partially housed in the groove, the groove opening outwards to allow visual observation of the interior of the vascular tube from the outside.

[0061] The surgical simulator described above allows for easy practice of distal radial artery access. Furthermore, the simulator features a grooved section that provides stable fixation of the vascular portion and facilitates easy verification to prevent guidewire misplacement.

[0062] (Project 2) The surgical simulator described in Project 1 may also include a syringe (18) connected to the proximal end of the vascular portion to induce pulsation in the fluid filling the vascular portion. This surgical simulator is able to reproduce the pulsation of an artery with a simple structure.

[0063] (Item 3) In the surgical simulator described in Item 2, the width of the groove may be narrower than the outer diameter of the blood vessel, preventing expansion of the blood vessel caused by pulsation using the syringe. This surgical simulator can suppress the loss of internal pressure within the blood vessel during pulsation and can efficiently transmit pulsation to blood vessels submerged in the puncture block.

[0064] (Item 4) is a surgical operation simulator described in any of Items 1 to 3, and may also have rib-like structures in the puncture block that allow the user to know the location of the two extensor tendons of the human hand, and the vascular portion intersects and extends with the two rib-like structures within the puncture block.

[0065] (Item 5) is the surgical simulator described in Item 4. It can also be configured with two tendon-like structures passing through the puncture block, consisting of two simulated extensor tendons (34, 36) that mimic human extensor tendons. The vascular portion crosses and extends within the puncture block at a depth greater than the two simulated extensor tendons. This surgical simulator can reproduce a more natural tactile sensation of extensor tendons.

[0066] (Item 6) is the surgical operation simulator described in Item 4. Alternatively, the two tendon-like structures may be composed of two tendon-like protrusions (35) protruding from the surface of the puncture block, with the vascular portion intersecting and extending within the puncture block along with the two tendon-like protrusions. This surgical operation simulator simplifies the construction of the puncture block, eliminating the need for installing simulated extensor tendons, making it easy to manufacture and highly operable.

[0067] (Item 7) In any of the surgical simulators described in Items 1-6, the vascular tube may be constructed of a flexible tube that can be slidably inserted into the interior of the puncture block. This surgical simulator can remove the perforation simply by cutting off the perforated portion and then sealing it with a sealing cap. Therefore, the surgical simulator can reduce the frequency of vascular tube replacement and decrease the inconvenience required for practice.

[0068] (Item 8) In any of the surgical operation simulators described in Items 1 to 7, the puncture block may also be formed of an opaque, elastic material that is softer and more elastic than the model body. This surgical operation simulator is capable of reproducing the same puncture sensation as the actual puncture site.

[0069] (Item 9) In any of the surgical operation simulators described in Items 1 to 8, the recess and the puncture block may be formed into a crescent shape when viewed from above, with a portion of a circle cut off. For this surgical operation simulator, positioning the puncture block in the recess becomes easier, and loading and unloading the puncture block is also easier. Furthermore, as long as the puncture block is shaped like a circle with a portion cut into a straight line when viewed from above, the puncture block is less likely to break when removed from the model body.

[0070] (Item 10) In any of the surgical simulators described in Items 1 to 9, the model body may also have a simulated protrusion (40) that simulates the protrusion of the hand formed by the radial styloid process and protrudes from the wrist. This surgical simulator enables the trainee to master the markings for the distal radial artery approach.

[0071] (Item 11) The surgical operation simulator described in any of Items 1 to 10 may also have a base (20) for holding the model body. The model body of the surgical operation simulator is stable, so the trainee can concentrate on the puncture practice.

[0072] (Item 12) is a surgical operation practice method using a surgical operation simulator described in any one of Items 1 to 11, wherein the method includes the following steps: confirming the position of the vascular portion inside the puncture block; puncturing the puncture needle (90) from the surface of the puncture block and puncturing the vascular portion; and inserting a guide wire (92) into the vascular portion and advancing the guide wire inside the vascular portion disposed in the groove.

[0073] The surgical procedure practice methods described above allow for easy practice of the distal radial artery approach. Furthermore, visual observation of the vascular portion through the groove during practice deepens the understanding of guidewire movement and facilitates confirmation to prevent accidental insertion.

[0074] Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the above disclosure and various structures can be adopted without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surgical operation simulator for training medical instruments to puncture the distal radial artery of the human body, characterized in that, have: The main body of the model simulates the appearance of a human hand and forearm. The concave portion is formed by cutting a portion of the back of the hand, including the snuffbox, of the main body of the model into a concave shape; A groove that extends from the recess in the body of the model to the proximal side; A puncture block, which fits into and fills the recess; and The vascular portion is partially housed inside the puncture block, and the other portion is housed in the groove. The groove opens outwards, allowing visual observation of the interior of the blood vessel from the outside. The puncture block has a rib-like structure that allows the user to know the location of the two extensor tendons of the human hand. The vascular tube is located within the puncture block at a depth greater than that of the two simulated extensor tendons of the human body, intersecting and extending with the two simulated extensor tendons.

2. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It has a syringe that is connected to the proximal end of the vascular portion to impart a pulsation to the liquid filling the vascular portion.

3. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The width of the groove is narrower than the outer diameter of the blood vessel, preventing the expansion of the blood vessel caused by the pulsation of the syringe.

4. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vascular portion intersects and extends within the puncture block with the two rib-like structures.

5. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two tendon-like structures are arranged through the puncture block, and are composed of two simulated extensor tendons that mimic human extensor tendons.

6. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two rib-like structures are formed by two rib-like protrusions extending from the surface of the puncture block, and the vascular portion intersects and extends within the puncture block with the two rib-like protrusions.

7. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vascular tube is composed of a flexible tube that can be slidably inserted into the interior of the puncture block.

8. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The puncture block is formed of an opaque, elastic material that is softer and more elastic than the main body of the model.

9. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, When viewed from above, the recess and the puncture block are formed into a crescent shape by cutting off a portion of a circle.

10. The surgical operation simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model body has a simulated protrusion that mimics the protrusion of the hand formed by the radial styloid process and protrudes from the wrist.

11. The surgical operation simulator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, It has a base to hold the main body of the model.

12. A method for practicing surgical procedures, using the surgical procedure simulator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The step of confirming the position of the vascular portion inside the puncture block; The steps of puncturing the puncture needle through the surface of the puncture block and inserting the puncture needle into the blood vessel portion; and The step of inserting a guidewire into the blood vessel portion and advancing the guidewire within the blood vessel portion disposed in the groove.

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