Antenna assembly and electronic device

Abstract

The application provides an antenna assembly and an electronic device with the same. The antenna assembly comprises a first radiator, a conductive member, a first feed source and a tuning unit. The first radiator comprises a first grounding point, a first feeding point and a first free end arranged in sequence. The conductive member is capacitively coupled with the first radiator. The conductive member comprises a tuning point. The distance between the tuning point and the first radiator is less than or equal to a preset distance. The first feed source is electrically connected with the first feeding point. The first feed source is used to stimulate a first resonance mode supporting a first frequency band on the first radiator. The first radiator forms a first current in the first resonance mode. The conductive member forms a second current in the first resonance mode. One end of the tuning unit is electrically connected with the tuning point. The other end of the tuning unit is grounded. The tuning unit is used to tune the second current on the conductive member to regulate the directional diagram of the antenna assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to an antenna assembly and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the evolution of communication technology, the antenna radiation direction of electronic devices has a significant impact on antenna efficiency. If the antenna radiation pattern points directly towards the direction of incoming waves, the antenna has good transmission efficiency and thus high operating efficiency; conversely, if the antenna radiation pattern is offset from the direction of incoming waves, the antenna has poor transmission efficiency and thus low operating efficiency. Therefore, designing an antenna assembly with an adjustable radiation pattern has become a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna assembly that reduces the influence of conductive parts near the antenna on the antenna, and an electronic device having the antenna assembly.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna assembly, including: A first radiator, comprising a first grounding point, a first feed point, and a first free end arranged sequentially; A conductive element is capacitively coupled to the first radiator, and the conductive element includes a tuning point, the distance between the tuning point and the first radiator being less than or equal to a preset distance. A first feed source is electrically connected to the first feed point. The first feed source is used to excite the formation of a first resonant mode supporting a first frequency band on the first radiator. The first radiator forms a first current in the first resonant mode, and the conductive element forms a second current in the first resonant mode. A tuning unit, one end of which is electrically connected to the tuning point and the other end of which is grounded, is used to tune the second current on the conductive element to control the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly.

[0005] The antenna assembly provided in this application includes a first radiator, a conductive element, a first feed source, and a tuning unit. The first radiator includes a first grounding point, a first feed point, and a first free end arranged sequentially. The conductive element is capacitively coupled to the first radiator and includes a tuning point. The distance between the tuning point and the first radiator is less than or equal to a preset distance. The first feed source is electrically connected to the first feed point and is used to excite the first radiator to form a first resonant mode supporting a first frequency band. The first radiator generates a first current in the first resonant mode, and the conductive element generates a second current in the first resonant mode. One end of the tuning unit is electrically connected to the tuning point, and the other end of the tuning unit is grounded. The tuning unit is used to tune the second current on the conductive element to control the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly, thereby achieving adjustable radiation pattern. This provides conditions for adjusting the antenna radiation pattern to be close to or directed towards the direction of incoming waves, which is beneficial for the antenna to have better transmission efficiency and higher operating efficiency.

[0006] Secondly, this application provides an electronic device including a frame, a back cover, and the aforementioned antenna assembly. The frame includes a top edge, a first side edge, a bottom edge, and a second side edge connected sequentially end to end. At least a portion of the first radiator is disposed on the top edge. The conductive element is disposed on the back cover, and at least a portion of the conductive element extends along the top edge. The conductive element is a camera decorative element. The first feed source and the tuning unit are both disposed in the back cover and the frame, forming a receiving space.

[0007] The electronic device provided in this application includes a frame, a back cover, and the aforementioned antenna assembly. The antenna assembly includes a first radiator, a conductive element, a first feed source, and a tuning unit. The first radiator includes a first grounding point, a first feed point, and a first free end arranged sequentially. The conductive element is a camera decorative element, capacitively coupled to the first radiator. The conductive element includes a tuning point, and the distance between the tuning point and the first radiator is less than or equal to a preset distance. The first feed source is electrically connected to the first feed point and is used to excite the formation of a first resonant mode supporting a first frequency band on the first radiator. The first radiator generates a first current in the first resonant mode, and the conductive element generates a second current in the first resonant mode. One end of the tuning unit is electrically connected to the tuning point, and the other end of the tuning unit is grounded. The tuning unit is used to tune the second current on the conductive element to control the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly. This achieves adjustable radiation pattern while reusing the camera decorative element of the electronic device, reducing the influence of the camera decorative element on the antenna and enabling radiation pattern tuning using the camera decorative element. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0009] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a partially exploded view of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a partial rear view of the electronic device provided in this application embodiment with the back cover removed; Figure 4 This is a partial rear view of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of this application, with the conductive parts removed; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first tuning unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of tuning unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a comparison chart of the S11 curves of conductive components with and without grounding at the tuning point; Figure 13 This is a comparison chart of the efficiency of conductive components with and without grounding at the tuning point; Figure 14a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second tuning unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 14b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third tuning unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 15 The S11 curves are shown when the tuning point is electrically connected to a 0Ω resistor, 1.5pF, 2.2pF, 12nH, 15nH, and 33nH, respectively. Figure 16 This is a side view of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 This is a side view of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth tuning unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 19This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first current of the first radiator 10 and the second current coupled to the conductive component at the operating frequency of 2.46Hz, with a 0Ω resistor electrically connected at the tuning point in an embodiment of this application. Figure 20 This is a 3D radiation pattern at the operating frequency of 2.46Hz with a 0Ω resistor electrically connected at the tuning point in an embodiment of this application. Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first current of the first radiator 10 and the second current coupled to the conductive component at the operating frequency of 2.46Hz, with a 2.2pF capacitor electrically connected at the tuning point in an embodiment of this application. Figure 22 This is a 3D radiation pattern at the operating frequency of 2.46Hz with a 2.2pF capacitor electrically connected at the tuning point in an embodiment of this application. Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first current of the first radiator 10 and the second current coupled to the conductive element at the operating frequency of 2.46Hz, with a 33nH inductor electrically connected at the tuning point in an embodiment of this application. Figure 24 This is a 3D radiation pattern of an embodiment of this application with a 33nH inductor electrically connected at the tuning point, at the operating frequency of 2.46Hz; Figure 25 This is a 2D far-field radiation pattern at the operating frequency of 2.46Hz, with a 0Ω resistor, a 2.2pF capacitor, and a 33nH inductor electrically connected at the tuning point in an embodiment of this application.

[0010] Explanation of main icon numbers: Electronic device 1000; Antenna assembly 100; Display screen 200; Mid-frame 300; Back cover 400; Reference ground 500; Middle plate 310; Frame 320; Main board 600; Battery 700; Top edge 321; Bottom edge 322; First side edge 323; Second side edge 324; First radiator 10; First feed source 20; Tuning unit 30; Conductive component 40; First grounding point D1; First feed point A1; First free end E1; First extended edge 11; Second extended edge 41; First matching circuit M1; First current I1; Second current I2; Tuning point G; Second grounding point D2; Three grounding points D3; conductive top section 42; first conductive side section 43; conductive bottom section 44; second conductive side section 45; tuning switch 31; tuning branch 32; second radiator 50; second free end E2; second feed point A2; fourth grounding point D4; second feed source 60; third feed source 70; third feed point A3; bracket steel sheet 330; spring 340; screw 350; fourth tuning branch 334; fifth tuning branch 335; first surface 401; second surface 402; first tuning branch 331; second tuning branch 332; first capacitor element C1; third tuning branch 333. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solution of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described in this application are only a part of the embodiments, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0012] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0013] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, an assembly or device comprising one or more components is not limited to the one or more components listed, but may optionally also include one or more components not listed but inherent to the exemplified product, or one or more components that it should have based on the described function.

[0014] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 1000 includes, but is not limited to, devices with communication functions such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, computers, wearable devices, drones, robots, and digital cameras. This embodiment uses a mobile phone as an example for illustration; other electronic devices can refer to this embodiment.

[0015] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a partially exploded view of the electronic device 1000 provided in this application embodiment. Taking a mobile phone as an example, the working environment of the antenna assembly 100 is illustrated. The electronic device 1000 includes a display screen 200, a mid-frame 300, and a back cover 400 arranged sequentially along the thickness direction. The mid-frame 300 includes a mid-plate 310 and a frame 320 surrounding the mid-plate 310. The frame 320 is a conductive frame, such as a metal frame. There are receiving spaces between the display screen 200 and the mid-plate 310, and between the mid-plate 310 and the back cover 400, to accommodate the motherboard 600, camera module, receiver module, battery 700, various sensors, and other devices. One side of the frame 320 along the thickness direction surrounds the edge of the display screen 200, and the other side of the frame 320 along the thickness direction surrounds the edge of the back cover 400, forming the complete external structure of the electronic device 1000. In this embodiment, the frame 320 and the middle plate 310 are an integral structure, while the frame 320 and the back cover 400 are separate structures. The above describes the working environment of the antenna assembly 100 using a mobile phone as an example, but the antenna assembly 100 of this application is not limited to the above working environment.

[0016] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a partial rear view of the electronic device 1000 provided in this application embodiment without the back cover 400. The frame 320 includes a top edge 321 and a bottom edge 322 disposed opposite to each other, and a first side edge 323 and a second side edge 324 connecting the top edge 321 and the bottom edge 322. The top edge 321 is the side away from the ground when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000 in portrait mode, and the bottom edge 322 is the side facing the ground when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000 in portrait mode. The first side edge 323 is the left side when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000 in portrait mode. The second side edge 324 is the right side when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000 in portrait mode. Alternatively, the first side edge 323 can also be the right side when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000, and the second side edge 324 can be the left side when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000.

[0017] The electronic device 1000 also includes a reference ground plane 500. The reference ground plane 500 is located within the frame 320. The reference ground plane 500 is generally rectangular in shape. Various slots, holes, etc., are formed on the reference ground plane 500's reference ground edge as needed to accommodate components or avoid other structures within the mobile phone. The reference ground plane 500 includes, but is not limited to, the metal alloy portion of the middle plate 310 and the reference ground metal portion of the circuit board (including the main board 600 and sub-boards). In general, the reference ground system in the electronic device 1000 can be equivalent to a roughly rectangular shape, hence the name reference ground plane 500. However, the term "reference ground plane 500" does not imply that the reference ground is plate-shaped or a rectangular plate.

[0018] The specific structure of the antenna assembly 100 is illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The antenna assembly 100 includes a first radiator 10, a first feed 20, a tuning unit 30, and a conductive element 40.

[0020] This application does not specifically limit the material of the first radiator 10. Optionally, the first radiator 10 may be made of a conductive material, including but not limited to conductive materials such as metals and alloys. This application does not specifically limit the shape of the first radiator 10. For example, the shape of the first radiator 10 may include, but is not limited to, strip-shaped, sheet-shaped, rod-shaped, coated, or thin-film-shaped. Figure 4 The first radiator 10 shown is merely an example and does not limit the shape of the first radiator 10 provided in this application. In this embodiment, the first radiator 10 is always strip-shaped. This application does not limit the extension trajectory of the first radiator 10. Optionally, the first radiator 10 may extend along a straight line, a curve, or a bend. The first radiator 10 described above may be a line of uniform width on its extension trajectory, or it may be a strip of varying width, such as one with a gradually changing width or a widened region.

[0021] This application does not specifically limit the form of the first radiator 10. Optionally, the form of the first radiator 10 includes, but is not limited to, a metal frame 320, a metal frame embedded in a plastic frame 320, a metal radiator located within or on the surface of the frame 320, a flexible circuit board antenna formed on a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), a laser-directly formed antenna (LDS), a printed-directly formed antenna (PDS), a conductive sheet antenna (e.g., a metal bracket antenna), etc. In this embodiment, the first radiator 10 is taken as part of the metal frame 320 of the electronic device 1000. This application does not limit the specific position of the first radiator 10 on the metal frame 320. Optionally, the first radiator 10 may be located at the top edge 321, or the first side edge 323, or the second side edge 324, or the bottom edge 322.

[0022] Please see Figure 4 The first radiator 10 includes a first grounding point D1, a first feed point A1, and a first free end E1 arranged sequentially.

[0023] The free end mentioned in this application refers to the end that is disconnected from other conductive parts on the frame 320 through an insulating gap and is also disconnected from the reference ground. To ensure the structural strength of the frame 320 of the electronic device 1000, the aforementioned insulating gap is filled with insulating material.

[0024] The first grounding point D1 is electrically connected to the reference floor 500. The electrical connection method includes, but is not limited to, the first grounding point D1 returning to ground through a grounding spring; or, the first grounding point D1 of the first radiator 10 is interconnected with the intermediate electrical connector that is electrically connected to the reference floor 500, i.e., through a physical return to ground method.

[0025] The conductive element 40 is capacitively coupled to the first radiator 10. Optionally, the conductive element 40 is made of a conductive material. The shape of the conductive element 40 includes, but is not limited to, strip-shaped or sheet-shaped. The conductive element 40 and the first radiator 10 are coupled through a gap or through stacking. In this embodiment, the conductive element 40 and the first radiator 10 are coupled through a gap. Optionally, the conductive element 40 is sheet-shaped, with one side of the conductive element 40 facing one side of the first radiator 10 and smaller than a preset gap. The preset gap is, for example, less than 6 mm, and more specifically, 4 mm to 5.5 mm.

[0026] For details, please refer to Figure 5 The first radiator 10 includes a first extending edge 11, and the conductive element 40 includes a second extending edge 41. The extension trajectory of the second extending edge 41 is similar to or the same as that of the first extending edge 11. For example, both the first extending edge 11 and the second extending edge 41 extend along the X direction; or both extend along the Z direction; or both extend along an L-shaped trajectory.

[0027] This application does not specifically limit the lengths of the first extending edge 11 and the second extending edge 41. Optionally, the length of the first extending edge 11 may be similar to the length of the second extending edge 41, or the length of the first extending edge 11 may be less than the length of the second extending edge 41; or the length of the first extending edge 11 may be greater than the length of the second extending edge 41. In this embodiment, the length of the first extending edge 11 is greater than the length of the second extending edge 41, so that the frequency tuning range is larger when the tuning unit 30 is set up for tuning.

[0028] In this embodiment, the first feed source 20 includes, but is not limited to, an RF transceiver chip, an RF front-end circuit, etc. The first feed source 20 is disposed on the motherboard. The first feed source 20 is electrically connected to the first feed point A1. The electrical connection between the first feed source 20 and the first feed point A1 includes, but is not limited to, methods such as coaxial cable, conductive spring, conductive screw, etc. Specifically, the first feed source 20 is electrically connected to the first feed point A1 via a feed spring (conductive spring) disposed on the motherboard.

[0029] The first feed source 20 is used to provide radio frequency excitation current. After the radio frequency excitation current is transmitted to the first radiator 10, it can excite the first radiator 10 to generate a resonant current that matches the electrical length of the first radiator 10, forming a resonant mode and supporting the frequency band transmission and reception corresponding to the resonant current.

[0030] The first feed source 20 is used to excite the formation of a first resonant mode supporting a first frequency band on the first radiator 10. The first frequency band includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: LB band (less than 1 GHz), MHB band (1-3 GHz), UHB band (greater than 3 GHz), Wi-Fi band, GPS band, etc. Optionally, the first resonant mode includes, but is not limited to, a 1 / 4 wavelength mode. The electrical length between the first feed point A1 and the first free end E1 is close to or equal to 1 / 4 wavelength of the center frequency of the first frequency band, so as to excite the formation of a 1 / 4 wavelength mode supporting the first frequency band between the first feed point A1 and the first free end E1. As described herein, it is close to a fluctuation of 1 / 10 wavelength.

[0031] The electrical length described in this application can satisfy the following formula:

[0032] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in the free scene.

[0033] The antenna of the first radiator 10 is an IFA antenna. The first resonant mode is close to or is a 1 / 4 wavelength mode of the first frequency band. The 1 / 4 wavelength mode is the ground mode of the IFA antenna and has relatively high efficiency, so as to ensure that the first frequency band supported by the first resonant mode has relatively high efficiency.

[0034] Please see Figure 4 The antenna assembly 100 further includes a first matching circuit M1. The first matching circuit M1 is electrically connected between the first feed source 20 and the first feed point A1. The first matching circuit M1 includes at least one of a capacitor and an inductor. The first matching circuit M1 adjusts the impedance matching between the port of the first feed source 20 and the port of the first radiator 10, so that the first feed source 20 excites a first resonant mode supporting the first frequency band on the first radiator 10.

[0035] Please see Figure 5 The first radiator 10 generates a first current I1 in the first resonant mode. The first current I1 is distributed between the first grounding point D1 and the first free end E1. In this embodiment, the current flows from the first grounding point D1 to the first free end E1. Due to the periodicity of the current, at other times, the current may also flow from the first free end E1 to the first grounding point D1.

[0036] Please see Figure 5 Since the conductive element 40 is coupled to the first radiator 10, an electric field is generated in the gap between the conductive element 40 and the first radiator 10, and the signal of the first radiator 10 can be transmitted to the conductive element 40 through the electric field. When a first resonant mode is formed on the first radiator 10, the conductive element 40 forms a second current I2 under the coupling of the first radiator 10.

[0037] Please see Figure 5 The conductive element 40 includes a tuning point G. The distance between the tuning point G and the first radiator 10 is less than or equal to a preset distance. This application does not specifically limit the position of the tuning point G. Optionally, the tuning point G may be located on the conductive element 40 at a position opposite to or not opposite to the first radiator 10.

[0038] One end of the tuning unit 30 is electrically connected to the tuning point G, and the other end of the tuning unit 30 is grounded.

[0039] The tuning unit 30 can be mounted on the motherboard. One end of the tuning unit 30 can be electrically connected to the tuning point G through a conductive spring, conductive post, etc., and the other end of the tuning unit 30 is electrically connected to the motherboard ground.

[0040] The tuning unit 30 includes capacitors, inductors, and 0-ohm resistors. The tuning unit 30 is used to tune the equivalent impedance of the conductive element 40, thereby tuning the current on the conductive element 40. Specifically, the tuning unit 30 is used to tune the second current I2 on the conductive element 40, such as the intensity, phase, and direction of the second current I2. Since the energy field pattern of the antenna assembly 100 is the superposition of the far-field energy field brought by the first current I1 on the first radiator 10 and the far-field energy field brought by the second current I2 on the conductive element 40, the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 can be controlled by tuning the intensity, phase, and direction of the second current I2 through the tuning unit 30. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, since the second current I2 on the tuning conductor 40 does not affect the first current I1 on the first radiator 10, compared to setting a tuning structure on the first radiator 10 to tune the first current I1 to change the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100, this embodiment can change the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 without affecting the operating frequency band of the first radiator 10.

[0041] The antenna assembly 100 provided in this application includes a first radiator 10, a conductive element 40, a first feed 20, and a tuning unit 30. The first radiator 10 includes a first grounding point D1, a first feed point A1, and a first free end E1 arranged sequentially. The conductive element 40 is capacitively coupled to the first radiator 10 and includes a tuning point G. The distance between the tuning point G and the first radiator 10 is less than or equal to a preset distance. The first feed 20 is electrically connected to the first feed point A1 and is used to excite the formation of a support on the first radiator 10. In the first resonant mode of the first frequency band, the first radiator 10 generates a first current I1 in the first resonant mode, and the conductive element 40 generates a second current I2 in the first resonant mode; one end of the tuning unit 30 is electrically connected to the tuning point G, and the other end of the tuning unit 30 is grounded. The tuning unit 30 is used to tune the second current I2 on the conductive element 40 to control the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100, thereby realizing the adjustable radiation pattern. This provides conditions for adjusting the antenna radiation pattern to be close to or directed against the direction of the incoming wave, which is beneficial for the antenna to have better transmission efficiency and higher operating efficiency.

[0042] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 At least a portion of the first radiator 10 is disposed on the top edge 321. This design allows it to be positioned away from the hand during normal grip postures, preventing frequency deviation or gripping issues. It also facilitates the use of conductive structures near the top edge 321 as conductive elements 40, improving the utilization rate of the conductive structure. Furthermore, for frequency bands such as GPS where a high hemisphere coverage is required, placing it on the top edge 321 can significantly increase the hemisphere coverage. For example, a portion of the first radiator 10 is disposed on the top edge 321, and another portion is disposed on the first side edge 323.

[0043] The conductive element 40 is disposed on the rear cover 400. At least a portion of the conductive element 40 extends along the top edge 321 so that at least a portion of the conductive element 40 is directly opposite at least a portion of the first radiator 10. In this embodiment, the conductive element 40 has an L-shaped second extending edge 41, and the first radiator 10 has an L-shaped first extending edge 11. The length of the second extending edge 41 is greater than the length of the first extending edge 11.

[0044] Optionally, the conductive component 40 is a camera decorative component. The camera decorative component is assembled with the light-transmitting cover of the rear camera and then installed on the back cover 400. Currently, electronic devices such as mobile phones pursue the ultimate appearance and image design, resulting in larger cameras. Camera decorative components are generally made of metal. The distance between the camera decorative component and the antenna on the frame 320 is very close. When the camera decorative component is close to the antenna, it is prone to generating noise, which reduces the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0045] This application utilizes the camera decorative element on the back cover 400 as a conductive element 40. Capacitive coupling is formed by its close proximity to the first radiator 10 on the frame 320. Simultaneously, when the first radiator 10 is excited to generate a first current I1, a second current I2 is generated on the conductive element 40 through coupling. By tuning the second current I2, the main lobe direction of the antenna assembly 100's radiation pattern is adjusted without affecting the operating frequency band of the first radiator 10, thereby aligning the radiation direction of the antenna assembly 100 with the direction of arrival and improving communication efficiency.

[0046] Optionally, the first feed source 20 and the tuning unit 30 are both located in the receiving space formed by the rear cover 400 and the frame 320.

[0047] The electronic device 1000 provided in this application includes a frame 320, a back cover 400, and the aforementioned antenna assembly 100. The antenna assembly 100 includes a first radiator 10, a conductive element 40, a first feed source 20, and a tuning unit 30. The first radiator 10 includes a first grounding point D1, a first feed point A1, and a first free end E1 arranged sequentially. The conductive element 40 is a decorative element for the camera and is capacitively coupled to the first radiator 10. The conductive element 40 includes a tuning point G, and the distance between the tuning point G and the first radiator 10 is less than or equal to a preset distance. The first feed source 20 is electrically connected to the first feed point A1. The first radiator 10 is used to excite the formation of a first resonant mode supporting the first frequency band on the first radiator 10. The first radiator 10 forms a first current I1 in the first resonant mode, and the conductive element 40 forms a second current I2 in the first resonant mode. One end of the tuning unit 30 is electrically connected to the tuning point G, and the other end of the tuning unit 30 is grounded. The tuning unit 30 is used to tune the second current I2 on the conductive element 40 to control the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100. This achieves adjustable radiation pattern while also reusing the camera decoration of the electronic device 1000. This not only reduces the influence of the camera decoration on the antenna, but also enables radiation pattern tuning using the camera decoration.

[0048] Optional, please refer to Figure 5 The conductive component 40 further includes a second grounding point D2 and a third grounding point D3 spaced apart. Both the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3 can be connected to the motherboard ground via spring contacts, metal conductive brackets, conductive posts, etc. An L-shaped second extension edge 41 is formed between the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3. A second current I2 is distributed between the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3.

[0049] The tuning point G is located between the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3. This application does not limit the location of the tuning point G.

[0050] In this embodiment, the conductive element 40 is designed to include a second grounding point D2 and a third grounding point D3 spaced apart, so that the conductive element 40 between the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3 is the part that is directly opposite to and coupled to the first radiator 10. At the same time, it avoids the current in other parts from affecting the distribution of the second current I2 when the size of the conductive element 40 is too large.

[0051] Please see Figure 5In this application, the length of the conductive element 40 between the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3 is not specifically limited. For example, the conductive element 40 is approximately rectangular in shape. The conductive element 40 includes a conductive top segment 42, a first conductive side segment 43, a conductive bottom segment 44, and a second conductive side segment 45. The conductive top segment 42 is directly opposite the top edge 321, and the distance between them is less than or equal to a preset distance. The first conductive side segment 43 is directly opposite the first side edge 323, and the distance between them is less than or equal to a preset distance. The second conductive side segment 45 is directly opposite the second side edge 324. The conductive bottom segment 44 is directly opposite the bottom edge 322.

[0052] Optionally, the second grounding point D2 is located on the first conductive side segment 43, and the third grounding point D3 is located on the second conductive side segment 45. The tuning point G is located on the conductive top segment 42.

[0053] Optional, please refer to Figure 6 The tuning unit 30 includes a tuning switch 31 and multiple tuning branches 32.

[0054] The fixed terminal of the tuning switch 31 is electrically connected to the tuning point G. Specifically, the fixed terminal of the tuning switch 31 is electrically connected to the tuning point G of the conductive element 40 via a conductive spring. Multiple selectable terminals of the tuning switch 31 are respectively electrically connected to one end of multiple tuning branches 32, and the other end of each tuning branch 32 is grounded. The fixed terminal of the tuning switch 31 and each selectable terminal can be independently connected. The impedances of the multiple tuning branches 32 are different. In other words, each tuning branch 32 has a different impedance. Tuning branches 32 may include inductors, capacitors, or 0-ohm grounding, etc.

[0055] The tuning switch 31 is used to switch the tuning point G with different tuning branches 32. When the fixed terminal of the tuning switch 31 is connected to different selection terminals, the tuning point G is connected to different tuning branches 32, which changes the equivalent electrical length between the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3 of the conductive element 40, thereby changing the current distribution between the second grounding point D2 and the third grounding point D3, such as current intensity, phase, and direction.

[0056] Optionally, the first feed source 20 is further used to excite the formation of a second resonant mode supporting the second frequency band on the first radiator 10. The second frequency band includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: LB band (less than 1 GHz), MHB band (1-3 GHz), UHB band (greater than 3 GHz), Wi-Fi band, GPS band, etc. Optionally, the second resonant mode includes, but is not limited to, a 1 / 4 wavelength mode. The electrical length between the first ground point D1 and the first free end E1 is close to or equal to 1 / 4 wavelength of the center frequency of the second frequency band, so as to excite the formation of a 1 / 4 wavelength mode supporting the second frequency band between the first ground point D1 and the first free end E1. As described herein, it is close to a fluctuation of 1 / 10 wavelength.

[0057] For example, the second frequency band is the GPS-L1 band.

[0058] Further, please refer to Figure 7 The antenna assembly 100 also includes a second radiator 50. The material, shape, and form of the second radiator 50 can be referenced from the material, shape, and form of the first radiator 10.

[0059] Please see Figure 7 The second radiator 50 further includes a second free end E2 and a fourth grounding point D4 arranged sequentially. A coupling gap exists between the second free end E2 and the first free end E1. The fourth grounding point D4 is grounded. Optionally, the second radiator 50 is located at the top edge 321. When a first resonant mode is formed on the first radiator 10, the second radiator 50, under coupling with the first radiator 10, can also generate a portion of distributed current to enhance the radiation aperture of the first frequency band and improve the operating efficiency of the first frequency band.

[0060] A first gap is formed between the first free end E1 and the second free end E2. Optionally, the first gap is an insulating gap, and its width is 0.5~2mm, but not limited to this size. The first radiator 10 and the second radiator 50 can be capacitively coupled through the first gap. In one perspective, the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 50 can be regarded as two parts formed by the frame 320 being separated by the first gap. Here, "capacitive coupling" means that the first gap between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 50 generates an electric field, and the signal of the first radiator 10 can be transmitted to the second radiator 50 through the electric field, and the signal of the second radiator 50 can be transmitted to the first radiator 10 through the electric field, so that the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 50 can achieve electrical signal conduction even when they are not directly electrically connected.

[0061] In the first alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 8The second radiator 50 further includes a second feed point A2 located between the second free end E2 and the fourth ground point D4. The antenna assembly 100 also includes a second feed source 60. The second feed source 60 is electrically connected to the second feed point A2. The second feed source 60 is used to excite a 1 / 4 wavelength mode supporting the third frequency band to be formed between the second feed point A2 and the second free end E2, and to form a resonant current on the first radiator 10 supporting a 3 / 4 wavelength mode of the third frequency band. This application does not specifically limit the third frequency band; for example, the third frequency band includes the N78 frequency band.

[0062] In the second alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 9 The antenna assembly 100 further includes a third feed source 70. The third feed source 70 is electrically connected to the third feed point A3. Optionally, the third feed point A3 and the second feed point A2 are the same point or located between the second feed point A2 and the fourth ground point D4. The third feed source 70 is used to excite the second radiator 50 to form a 1 / 4 wavelength mode supporting a fourth frequency band. The fourth frequency band includes, but is not limited to, the GPS-L5 frequency band. Further, the fourth frequency band can operate in a left-handed composite mode, i.e., the third feed source 70 and the second feed point A2 are fed by a capacitor. Even if the electrical length between the second free end E2 and the fourth ground point D4 is less than the electrical length of the center frequency of the GPS-L5 frequency band, by providing capacitor feeding between the third feed source 70 and the second feed point A2, the electrical length of the stub of the second radiator 50 is made close to the electrical length of the center frequency of the GPS-L5 frequency band.

[0063] In a third alternative embodiment, the antenna assembly 100 may include both a second feed 60 and a third feed 70 to simultaneously excite the N78 band and the GPS-L5 band on the second radiator 50.

[0064] This application provides an antenna assembly 100 for an electronic device 1000 under a large-area camera decoration. The antenna assembly 100 operates in the GPS L1 band (1575.42MHz) and the Wi-Fi 2.4G (2405-2485MHz) band. The antenna assembly 100 can not only eliminate the impact of clutter introduced by the camera decoration on the antenna performance and improve the passive efficiency of the antenna, but also make full use of the camera decoration to participate in energy radiation and regulate the radiation pattern of Wi-Fi 2.4G.

[0065] For example, please see Figure 9The antenna assembly 100 includes a first radiator 10, a second radiator 50, and a conductive element 40 (camera decorative element). A first feed 20 provides the first radiator 10 with RF excitation signals in the GPS L1 band and the Wi-Fi 2.4G band. A second feed 60 provides the second radiator 50 with RF signals in the N78 band. A third feed 70 provides the second radiator 50 with RF signals in the GPS L5 band. The second feed 60 and the third feed 70 share the second radiator 50. A first gap exists between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 50, with a width of 0.95 mm. A first grounding point D1 on the first radiator 10 provides a return path for the signal from the first feed 20. The length from the first grounding point D1 to the first free end E1 is 24 mm (this data is for example only and is not limited to this data). A fourth grounding point D4 is located on the second radiator 50 to provide a ground return path for the second feed source 60 and the third feed source 70. The length from the fourth grounding point D4 to the second free end E2 is 10.8 mm (this data is for example only and is not limited to this data). A second grounding point D2, a fifth grounding point D5, a third grounding point D3, and a tuning point G are located on the conductive component 40. The contact methods between the second grounding point D2, the fifth grounding point D5, and the third grounding point D3 and the main board 600 and the middle frame 300 are relatively complex.

[0066] For example, please see Figure 10 A spring clip 340 is spot-welded onto the support steel plate 330 of the middle frame 300. This spring clip 340 contacts the conductive component 40. The support steel plate 330 is fixed to the main board 600 and the middle plate 310 by screws 350 to achieve grounding of the conductive component 40. A main board spring clip is provided, with one end in direct contact with the conductive component 40 and the other end of the main board spring clip having multiple tuning branches 32. The multiple tuning branches 32 include a 0Ω resistor, a capacitor C, or an inductor L, so that the tuning switch 31 can be connected to the 0Ω resistor, capacitor C, or inductor L to ground. By adjusting the value of capacitor C or inductor L, the impedance value and current distribution on the conductive component 40 can be adjusted, affecting the phase change of the coupling current of the conductive component 40. This not only eliminates the impact of clutter introduced by the large camera decorative component on antenna performance, but also enables the control of the radiation pattern.

[0067] In this embodiment, the conductive element 40 is made of aluminum alloy, and its outer contour is rectangular. The preset distance between the contour of the conductive element 40 and the frame 320 is 4mm-5.5mm. If the preset distance between the contour of the conductive element 40 and the frame 320 is too small, the antenna efficiency will be reduced; if it is too far, the coupling will be insufficient, resulting in a reduced influence of the current distribution of the conductive element 40, and thus the effect of changing the loading of the conductive element 40 on antenna control will be insignificant.

[0068] The annular width of the conductive element 40 is 2mm (this data is for example only and is not limited to this data), and the length from the first grounding point D1 to the third grounding point D3 is 56mm (this data is for example only and is not limited to this data). The tuning point G is located between the first grounding point D1 and the third grounding point D3, wherein the distance from the tuning point G to the first grounding point D1 is 32mm (this data is for example only and is not limited to this data), and the distance from the tuning point G to the third grounding point D3 is 24mm (this data is for example only and is not limited to this data).

[0069] The first radiator 10 operates in the GPS L1 band (1575.42MHz) and the Wi-Fi 2.4G band (2405-2485MHz). Under the excitation of the radio frequency signal from the first feed 20, the antenna assembly 100 generates a first current I1 on the first radiator 10. The conductive element 40 is coupled to the first radiator 10, and a second current I2 exists on the conductive element 40. The far-field radiation pattern is formed by the combined effect of the first current I1 and the second current I2. In other words, the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 is the far-field superposition of the first current I1 on the first radiator 10 and the second current I2 coupled to the conductive element 40.

[0070] The antenna assembly 100 has a tuning unit 30 near the first radiator 10 on the conductive element 40 for tuning. This can change the impedance of the conductive element 40 and the phase of the distributed current in the conductive element 40, thereby pushing clutter out of the operating frequency band and reducing its impact on the efficiency of the operating frequency band.

[0071] A comparative embodiment is used where the conductive element 40 is not equipped with the tuning unit 30. In this comparative embodiment, the tuning point G is not grounded. As can be seen from the S11 curve, clutter (e.g., 2.4GHz) is introduced into the Wi-Fi 2.4G band. As can be seen from the efficiency curve, the presence of clutter causes an efficiency dip in the Wi-Fi 2.4G band, resulting in a 0.6dB reduction in antenna performance.

[0072] Since the coupling current in the conductive element 40 also generates radiation, when the radiation generated by the current in the first radiator 10 and the radiation generated by the coupling current in the conductive element 40 are out of phase in the far field at a certain frequency, the two will cancel each other out when they are superimposed, which is the so-called efficiency dip.

[0073] Optional, please refer to Figure 11 The tuning unit 30 further includes a fourth tuning branch 334. The fourth tuning branch 334 is capacitive for a first clutter frequency point located within the first frequency band, to tune the first clutter frequency point of the conductive element 40 to a value lower than the minimum of the first frequency band, i.e., shifting the first clutter frequency point towards the low-frequency side out of the first frequency band. Optionally, the first frequency band includes Wi-Fi 2.4G. For example, the first clutter frequency point is 2.4GHz.

[0074] Optional, please refer to Figure 11 The tuning unit 30 further includes a fifth tuning branch 335. The fifth tuning branch 335 is inductive to a second clutter frequency point located within the second frequency band, to tune the second clutter frequency point of the conductive element 40 to a value greater than the maximum value of the second frequency band, thereby shifting the second clutter frequency point out of the second frequency band towards the high-frequency side. The second frequency band includes GPS-L1. For example, the second clutter frequency point is 1.72 GHz.

[0075] In one optional implementation, the fourth tuning branch 334 and the fifth tuning branch 335 are the same tuning branch 32. This same tuning branch 32 is capacitive for the first clutter frequency and inductive for the second clutter frequency. When the tuning switch 31 switches to the same tuning branch 32, it can compatiblely move both the first and second clutter frequencies out of band, thereby reducing clutter interference.

[0076] Optionally, the same tuning branch 32 is grounded with a 0-ohm connection. The 0-ohm ground is capacitive for the first clutter frequency and inductive for the second clutter frequency, which can compatiblely move both the first and second clutter frequencies out of the band, thereby reducing clutter interference. Here, the 0-ohm ground is the tuning point G ground.

[0077] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 12 This is a comparison of the S11 curves of conductive component 40 with and without grounding at tuning point G. Curve a1 shows the S11 curves of conductive component 40 with the second grounding point D2, the fifth grounding point D5, and the third grounding point D3 all grounded, and with no grounding at tuning point G. Curve a2 shows the S11 curves of conductive component 40 with the second grounding point D2, the fifth grounding point D5, the third grounding point D3, and tuning point G all grounded.

[0078] As can be seen from the results, when the tuning point G of the conductive component 40 is not grounded, there is a noise (first noise frequency point) in the Wi-Fi 2.4G operating frequency band, which is approximately 2.4GHz.

[0079] After the tuning point G is grounded, the tuning unit 30 is equivalent to a capacitor at the first clutter frequency of 2.4 GHz, pushing the in-band clutter (first clutter frequency) outside the operating frequency band, for example, 2.13 GHz. The tuning unit 30 is equivalent to an inductor at the second clutter frequency of 1.72 GHz, for example, pushing the 1.72 GHz clutter to 1.82 GHz.

[0080] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13This is a comparison chart of the efficiency of conductive element 40 with and without grounding at tuning point G. The results show that when tuning point G of conductive element 40 is not grounded, the first clutter frequency affects the efficiency of Wi-Fi 2.4G. By grounding the tuning point G, the tuning unit 30 is equivalent to a capacitor at the first clutter frequency of 2.4GHz, pushing the in-band clutter (the first clutter frequency) outside the operating frequency band, for example, to 2.13GHz, thus improving the efficiency of Wi-Fi 2.4G.

[0081] Optionally, the first frequency band includes Wi-Fi 2.4G. The fourth tuning branch 334 includes, but is not limited to, a 0-ohm resistor, and may also be a capacitor or an inductor.

[0082] Please see Figure 14a The fourth tuning branch 334 includes a second capacitor element. The capacitance value of the second capacitor element is greater than or equal to 1.5pF; or, please refer to... Figure 14b The fourth tuning branch 334 includes a second inductor. The inductance value of the second inductor is greater than or equal to 15nH.

[0083] Please see Figure 15 , Figure 15 These are the S11 curves for tuning point G when electrically connected to a 0Ω resistor, a 1.5pF resistor, a 2.2pF resistor, a 12nH resistor, a 15nH resistor, and a 33nH resistor, respectively. Curve a1 is the S11 curve for tuning point G connected to a 0Ω resistor. Curve a2 is the S11 curve for tuning point G connected to a 1.5pF resistor. Curve a3 is the S11 curve for tuning point G connected to a 2.2pF resistor. Curve a4 is the S11 curve for tuning point G connected to a 12nH resistor. Curve a5 is the S11 curve for tuning point G connected to a 15nH resistor. Curve a6 is the S11 curve for tuning point G connected to a 33nH resistor.

[0084] When the tuning point G is electrically connected to ground with a 0Ω resistor, the tuning unit 30 is equivalent to a capacitor for the first frequency band, shifting the first clutter frequency point to a lower frequency, pushing it from the initial frequency point of 2.4GHz to 2.13GHz. When the tuning point G is electrically connected to 2.2pF, the tuning unit 30 is equivalent to a smaller capacitor for the first frequency band, pushing the first clutter frequency point to 2.24GHz. When the tuning point G is electrically connected to 1.5pF, the first clutter frequency point will shift towards the Wi-Fi 2.4G frequency point to 2.28GHz. As the capacitor continues to decrease, the first clutter frequency point shifts towards the 2.4GHz frequency, thus affecting the Wi-Fi 2.4G efficiency. Therefore, the fourth tuning branch 334 is configured to include a second capacitor element. The capacitance value of the second capacitor element is greater than or equal to 1.5pF, so that the fourth tuning branch 334 can move the first noise frequency point outside the Wi-Fi 2.4G band and reduce the impact on the efficiency of Wi-Fi 2.4G.

[0085] When the tuning point G is electrically connected to 33nH, the tuning unit 30 is equivalent to an inductor for the first frequency band, pushing the first clutter frequency to 2.67GHz. When the tuning point G is electrically connected to an inductance less than 15nH, clutter will be introduced in the operating frequency band near GPS L1, affecting the efficiency of GPS L1. Therefore, the inductance should be greater than or equal to 15nH. The results show that either a capacitor or an inductor applied to the conductive component 40 can push clutter away from the operating frequency bands of GPS L1 and Wi-Fi 2.4GHz.

[0086] In this application, grounding the tuning point G on the conductive element 40 changes the current distribution on the conductive element 40. When the current on the conductive element 40 and the current on the first radiator 10 are not opposite at the first frequency point, there is no spurious signal at that first frequency point. When the current on the conductive element 40 and the current on the first radiator 10 are opposite at the first frequency point, spurious signal exists at that first frequency point. It can be seen that by adding the tuning point G to the conductive element 40 and switching the tuning switch 31, the coupling current distribution on the conductive element 40 is changed. No spurious signal is generated in the operating frequency band Wi-Fi 2.4G, but new spurious signal appears outside the band. That is, the spurious signal within the operating frequency band is pushed out of the band.

[0087] Furthermore, the tuning unit 30 can also adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 by changing the second current I2 on the conductive element 40. The antenna assembly 100 can thus control the Wi-Fi 2.4G radiation pattern. The far-field radiation pattern of the first radiator 10 is the result of the combined effect of the first current I1 generated by the first radiator 10 and the second current I2 generated by the coupling of the conductive element 40. Connecting a capacitor C or an inductor L at the tuning point G not only changes the impedance value of the conductive element 40 but also alters the distribution of the second current I2, i.e., changes the phase of the current on the conductive element 40. By adjusting the position of the tuning point G, the current distribution of the conductive element 40 is changed, thereby controlling the Wi-Fi 2.4G radiation pattern.

[0088] Please see Figure 16 and Figure 17 , Figure 16 This is a side view of the antenna assembly 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 17 This is a side view of the antenna assembly 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. The conductive element 40 includes a first surface 401 and a second surface 402 disposed opposite to each other along the Y direction. The side facing the first surface 401 is the side where the display screen 200 is located, and the side facing the second surface 402 is the side where the back cover 400 is located.

[0089] Specific embodiments include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0090] In the first alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 18The plurality of tuning branches 32 include a first tuning branch 331. When the tuning switch 31 is configured to connect the first tuning branch 331 to the tuning point G, the current intensity of the second current I2 is less than a preset current intensity. In other words, when the tuning switch 31 switches to the tuning point G and electrically connects the first tuning branch 331, the current intensity of the second current I2 formed on the conductive element 40 is small. At this time, the radiation of the antenna assembly 100 is mainly contributed by the first current I1 on the first radiator 10, so the second current I2 on the conductive element 40 has little impact on the control of the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100.

[0091] From the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100, the energy radiation of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is concentrated on the directional side from the first feed point A1 to the first free end E1. The first side 323, the first feed point A1, the first free end E1, and the second side 324 are arranged sequentially. The energy radiation of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is concentrated on the side where the second side 324 is located, i.e., the -X direction in this application.

[0092] Furthermore, the difference between the energy radiation amount of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 and the energy radiation amount on the side facing the second surface 402 is less than a preset energy radiation amount. In other words, the energy radiation amount of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 is similar to the energy radiation amount on the side facing the second surface 402. This indicates that the radiated energy on the side where the display screen 200 of the electronic device 100 is located along the Y direction is basically equivalent to the radiated energy on the side where the back cover 400 of the electronic device 100 is located. Viewed from the YX plane, the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 is basically symmetrical along the X direction.

[0093] This implementation does not impose a specific limit on the magnitude of the preset current intensity. As can be seen from the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 along the YX plane, the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 is basically symmetrical along the X direction.

[0094] In one optional implementation, the first tuning branch 331 is loaded with a large capacitor for the first frequency band. Further optionally, the first tuning branch 331 is a 0-ohm resistor to ground. In other implementations, the first tuning branch 331 may also be a capacitor to ground.

[0095] Please see Figure 19 , Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first current I1 of the first radiator 10 and the second current I2 coupled to the conductive element 40 at the operating frequency of 2.46GHz, with a 0Ω resistor electrically connected at the tuning point G.

[0096] When the tuning point G of the conductive element 40 is electrically connected to a 0Ω resistor, the conductive element 40 is equivalent to a large capacitance load for the operating frequency band. The conductive element 40 has little effect on the first current I1 on the first radiator 10. The current distribution is mainly radiated by the first current I1 on the first radiator 10. The coupling current of the conductive element 40 is very weak at the frequency point of 2.46GHz, and its influence on the radiation pattern in the far field is also small.

[0097] Please see Figure 20 , Figure 20 This is a 3D radiation pattern of the Wi-Fi 2.4G at the operating frequency of 2.46GHz, with a 0Ω resistor connected at the tuning point G in this embodiment. It can be seen that the Wi-Fi 2.4G radiation is concentrated in the X direction. In the Y direction, the energy radiation from the side of the phone display 200 and the side of the phone back cover 400 is basically the same, indicating that the conductive component 40 has little impact on the radiation pattern adjustment.

[0098] In this embodiment, the energy radiation is mainly biased towards the side where the second side 324 is located, and the energy radiation on the display screen 200 side is basically the same as that on the back cover 400 side of the mobile phone. Therefore, this embodiment can be applied to the horizontal gripping direction with the second side 324 facing upward, so that the radiation direction of the antenna assembly 100 is radiated outward, and the radiation coverage angle is wide during the outward radiation process. At this time, the first frequency band has high working efficiency.

[0099] In the second alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 18 The plurality of tuning branches 32 include a second tuning branch 332. When the tuning switch 31 is configured to connect the second tuning branch 332 to the tuning point G, the current intensity of the second current I2 is greater than or equal to a preset current intensity. The direction of the second current I2 is opposite to the direction of the first current I1. In other words, when the tuning switch 31 switches to the tuning point G to electrically connect the second tuning branch 332, the current intensity of the second current I2 formed on the conductive element 40 is relatively large, and the second current I2 on the conductive element 40 can adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100.

[0100] From the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100, the energy radiation of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is concentrated on the directional side from the first feed point A1 to the first free end E1. The first side 323, the first feed point A1, the first free end E1, and the second side 324 are arranged sequentially. The energy radiation of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is concentrated on the side where the second side 324 is located, i.e., the -X direction in this application.

[0101] Furthermore, the conductive element 40 includes a first surface 401 and a second surface 402 disposed opposite to each other along the Y direction. The difference between the energy radiation amount of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 and the energy radiation amount on the side facing the second surface 402 is greater than a preset energy radiation amount.

[0102] The maximum gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 is greater than the maximum gain on the side facing the second surface 402. In other words, the radiated energy of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is more biased towards the side facing the first surface 401, i.e., the side where the display screen 200 is located.

[0103] The coverage area of ​​the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 is greater than its coverage area on the side facing the second surface 402. That is, the beamwidth of the radiated energy of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side where the display screen 200 is located is greater than the beamwidth of the radiated energy on the side where the back cover 400 is located. This indicates that along the Y direction, the radiated energy on the side where the display screen 200 of the electronic device 100 is located is greater than the radiated energy on the side where the back cover 400 of the electronic device 100 is located. Viewed from the YX plane, the radiated energy of the antenna assembly 100 on the side where the display screen 200 is located is greater than the radiated energy on the side where the back cover 400 is located.

[0104] In one alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 18 The second tuning branch 332 is a small capacitor loaded for the first frequency band. Further optionally, the second tuning branch 332 is a first capacitor element C1. The capacitance value of the first capacitor element C1 is less than a first preset capacitance value. This application does not specifically limit the first preset capacitance value; optionally, the first preset capacitance value is less than or equal to 3pF.

[0105] Please see Figure 21 , Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first current I1 of the first radiator 10 and the second current I2 coupled to the conductor 40 at the operating frequency of 2.46 GHz, with a 2.2 pF capacitor electrically connected at the tuning point G of this application embodiment. When the conductor 40 is electrically connected to 2.2 pF at the tuning point G, the conductor 40 is equivalent to a small capacitor load for the operating frequency band. The first current I1 of the first radiator 10 and the second current I2 coupled to the conductor 40 are in opposite directions. The radiation pattern at the frequency of 2.46 GHz is the result of the combined superposition of the first current I1 and the second current I2.

[0106] Please see Figure 22 , Figure 22This is a 3D radiation pattern of an embodiment of the present application with a 2.2pF capacitor electrically connected at the tuning point G and the operating frequency 2.46GHz.

[0107] As can be seen from the far-field radiation pattern, the radiation direction of Wi-Fi 2.4G is concentrated on the -X direction side. Since the second current I2 coupled by the conductive element 40 is opposite to the first current I1 on the first radiator 10, the energy is weakened in the +Y direction, i.e., on the back cover 400 side of the mobile phone, when the far-field radiation patterns are superimposed, and the radiated energy is concentrated on the -Y side, i.e., on the mobile phone display screen 200 side. That is, the energy is radiated towards the -Y direction side by changing the current distribution of the conductive element 40. At the same time, the beamwidth of the radiation pattern on the -Y side is effectively expanded, thereby realizing the adjustment of the radiation pattern of the working frequency band by loading the conductive element 40.

[0108] In this embodiment, the energy radiation is mainly biased towards the side where the second side 324 is located, and the energy radiation on the display screen 200 side is greater than the energy radiation on the back cover 400 side. Therefore, this embodiment can be applied when the user is in a sitting or standing position, holding the electronic device 1000 horizontally. At this time, the second side 324 faces outward (away from the user), and the display screen 200 side faces upward, so that the radiation direction of the antenna assembly 100 is outward and upward, and the radiation coverage angle is wider during the outward radiation process. At this time, the first frequency band has high working efficiency.

[0109] In the third alternative implementation, please refer to Figure 18 The plurality of tuning branches 32 includes a third tuning branch 333. When the tuning switch 31 is configured to connect the third tuning branch 333 to the tuning point G, the current intensity of the second current I2 is greater than or equal to a preset current intensity. The direction of the second current I2 is the same as the direction of the first current I1. In other words, when the tuning switch 31 switches to the tuning point G and electrically connects to the third tuning branch 333, the current intensity of the second current I2 formed on the conductive element 40 is relatively large, and the second current I2 on the conductive element 40 can adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100.

[0110] From the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100, the energy radiation of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is concentrated on the directional side from the first feed point A1 to the first free end E1. The first side 323, the first feed point A1, the first free end E1, and the second side 324 are arranged sequentially. The energy radiation of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is concentrated on the side where the second side 324 is located, i.e., the -X direction in this application.

[0111] Furthermore, the conductive element 40 includes a first surface 401 and a second surface 402 disposed opposite to each other. The difference between the energy radiation amount of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 and the energy radiation amount on the side facing the second surface 402 is greater than a preset energy radiation amount.

[0112] The maximum gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 is less than the maximum gain on the side facing the second surface 402. In other words, the radiated energy of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band is more biased towards the side facing the second surface 402, i.e., the side where the back cover 400 is located.

[0113] The coverage area of ​​the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface 401 is smaller than its coverage area on the side facing the second surface 402. That is, the beamwidth of the radiated energy of the antenna assembly 100 in the first frequency band on the side where the back cover 400 is located is greater than the beamwidth of the radiated energy on the side where the display screen 200 is located. This indicates that along the Y direction, the radiated energy on the side where the back cover 400 of the electronic device 1000 is located is greater than the radiated energy on the side where the display screen 200 of the electronic device 100 is located. Viewed from the YX plane, the radiated energy of the antenna assembly 100 on the side where the back cover 400 is located is greater than the radiated energy on the side where the display screen 200 is located.

[0114] In one optional embodiment, the third tuning branch 333 is inductively loaded for the first frequency band. Further optionally, the third tuning branch 333 includes a first inductor element L1. The inductance value of the first inductor element L1 is greater than or equal to a first preset inductance value. This application does not specifically limit the first preset inductance value; optionally, the first preset inductance value is greater than or equal to 15nH to accommodate shifting clutter out of both the first and second frequency bands and to achieve pattern modulation.

[0115] Please see Figure 23 , Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first current I1 of the first radiator 10 and the second current I2 coupled to the conductor 40 at the operating frequency of 2.46GHz, with the 33nH inductor electrically connected at the tuning point G.

[0116] When the tuning point G of the conductive element 40 is electrically connected to the 33nH inductor, the conductive element 40 is equivalent to an inductor in the operating frequency band. At this time, an orthogonal current distribution appears in the conductive element 40, in which part of the coupling second current I2 is in the same direction as the first current I1, and part of the coupling current is perpendicular to the first current I1.

[0117] Please see Figure 24 , Figure 24This is a 3D radiation pattern of an embodiment of this application with a 33nH inductor electrically connected at the tuning point G, at the operating frequency of 2.46GHz.

[0118] As can be seen from the far-field radiation pattern, the Wi-Fi 2.4G radiation direction is concentrated on the -X direction side. Since the second current I2 of the conductive element 40 is in the same direction as the first current I1, when the far-field radiation patterns are superimposed, the energy is enhanced in the +Y direction, i.e., on the side of the phone back cover 400. The radiated energy is concentrated on the +Y side, i.e., on the side of the phone battery back cover. That is, the energy is radiated towards the +Y direction side by loading an inductor through the conductive element 40, so that the beamwidth of the radiation pattern on the +Y side is effectively expanded, thereby realizing the adjustment of the radiation pattern of the working frequency band by loading the conductive element 40.

[0119] In this embodiment, the energy radiation is mainly biased towards the side where the second side 324 is located, and the energy radiation on the back cover 400 side is greater than the energy radiation on the display screen 200 side. Therefore, this embodiment can be applied when the user is in a lying position and the user holds the electronic device 1000 horizontally. At this time, the second side 324 faces outward (away from the user) and the back cover 400 side faces upward, so that the radiation direction of the antenna assembly 100 is outward and upward, and the radiation coverage angle is wider during the outward radiation process. At this time, the first frequency band has high working efficiency.

[0120] Please see Figure 25 , Figure 25 This is a 2D far-field radiation pattern at the operating frequency of 2.46GHz, where a 0Ω resistor, a 2.2pF capacitor, and a 33nH inductor are electrically connected at the tuning point G.

[0121] Curve a1 is the S11 curve when the tuning point G is electrically connected to a 0Ω resistor. Curve a2 is the S11 curve when the tuning point G is electrically connected to a 2.2pF capacitor. Curve a3 is the S11 curve when the tuning point G is electrically connected to a 33nH inductor.

[0122] As can be seen from the 2D radiation pattern, when the tuning point G is connected to a 0Ω resistor, the energy on both sides is relatively balanced at the azimuth angle phi = 90°.

[0123] When the tuning point G is electrically connected to a 2.2pF capacitor and a 33nH inductor, the energy radiation direction is on different sides, and the corresponding beamwidth is also extended on the side with the energy radiation direction. This application utilizes the conductive element 40 as part of an antenna, exciting the first radiator 10 through a feed source, which then participates in radiation through coupling with the conductive element 40. Adding a tuning point G to the conductive element 40 for tuning not only solves the clutter problem introduced by the conductive element 40 in the operating frequency band and improves the antenna efficiency, but also achieves control over the Wi-Fi 2.4G radiation pattern by loading a capacitor C or an inductor L at the tuning point G. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application, and such improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna assembly, characterized in that, include: A first radiator, comprising a first grounding point, a first feed point, and a first free end arranged sequentially; The conductive component is a decorative component for a camera. The conductive component is capacitively coupled to the first radiator. The conductive component includes a tuning point, and the distance between the tuning point and the first radiator is less than or equal to a preset distance. The conductive component also includes a second grounding point and a third grounding point that are spaced apart, and the tuning point is located between the second grounding point and the third grounding point. A first feed source is electrically connected to a first feed point. The first feed source is used to excite the formation of a first resonant mode supporting a first frequency band on the first radiator. The first radiator forms a first current in the first resonant mode, and the conductive element forms a second current in the first resonant mode. The second current is distributed between the second grounding point and the third grounding point. and A tuning unit, one end of which is electrically connected to the tuning point and the other end of which is grounded, the tuning unit includes a capacitor, an inductor, or a 0-ohm resistor, the tuning unit is used to tune the second current on the conductive element to control the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly; the tuning unit is also used to push the clutter frequency introduced by the camera decorative element outside the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly.

2. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The tuning unit includes a tuning switch and multiple tuning branches. The fixed terminal of the tuning switch is electrically connected to the tuning point. The multiple selection terminals of the tuning switch are respectively electrically connected to one end of one of the multiple tuning branches. The other end of the tuning branch is grounded. The multiple tuning branches have different impedances. The tuning switch is used to switch the tuning point to be connected to different tuning branches.

3. The antenna assembly as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of tuning branches include a first tuning branch, wherein when the tuning switch is configured to connect the first tuning branch and the tuning point, the current intensity of the second current is less than a preset current intensity.

4. The antenna assembly as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The energy radiation of the antenna assembly in the first frequency band is concentrated on the pointing side from the first feed point to the first free end; The conductive element includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, and the difference between the energy radiation amount of the antenna assembly on the side facing the first surface and the energy radiation amount on the side facing the second surface in the first frequency band is less than a preset energy radiation amount.

5. The antenna assembly as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first tuning branch is a 0-ohm resistor to ground.

6. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of tuning branches include a second tuning branch. When the tuning switch is configured to connect the second tuning branch to the tuning point, the current intensity of the second current is greater than or equal to a preset current intensity, and the direction of the second current is opposite to the direction of the first current.

7. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The energy radiation of the antenna assembly in the first frequency band is concentrated on the pointing side from the first feed point to the first free end; The conductive element includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The maximum gain of the antenna assembly in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface is greater than the maximum gain on the side facing the second surface. The coverage area of ​​the antenna assembly in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface is greater than the coverage area on the side facing the second surface.

8. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The second tuning branch includes a first capacitor element, the capacitance of which is less than a first preset capacitance value.

9. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of tuning branches include a third tuning branch. When the tuning switch is configured to connect the third tuning branch to the tuning point, the current intensity of the second current is greater than or equal to a preset current intensity, and the direction of the second current is the same as the direction of the first current.

10. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The energy radiation of the antenna assembly in the first frequency band is concentrated on the pointing side from the first feed point to the first free end; The conductive element includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The maximum gain of the antenna assembly in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface is less than the maximum gain on the side facing the second surface. The coverage area of ​​the antenna assembly in the first frequency band on the side facing the first surface is less than the coverage area on the side facing the second surface.

11. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The third tuning branch is inductively loaded for the first frequency band.

12. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The third tuning branch includes a first inductor element, the inductance value of which is greater than or equal to a first preset inductance value.

13. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The tuning unit further includes a fourth tuning branch, which is capacitive for a first clutter frequency point located within the first frequency band, so as to tune the first clutter frequency point of the conductive element to a value less than the minimum value of the first frequency band. The feed source is also used to excite the formation of a second resonant mode supporting the second frequency band on the first radiator. The tuning unit further includes a fifth tuning branch, which is inductive to a second clutter frequency point located in the second frequency band, so as to tune the second clutter frequency point of the conductive element to a value greater than that of the second frequency band.

14. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, The first frequency band includes Wi-Fi 2.4G, the second frequency band includes GPS-L1, the fourth tuning branch and the fifth tuning branch are the same tuning branch, and the same tuning branch is grounded with 0 ohms.

15. The antenna assembly as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, The first frequency band includes Wi-Fi 2.4G, and the fourth tuning branch includes a second capacitor element, the capacitance of which is greater than or equal to 1.5pF; or, The fourth tuning branch includes a second inductor element, the inductance of which is greater than or equal to 15nH.

16. The antenna assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The antenna assembly further includes a second radiator, which includes a second free end, a second feed point, and a fourth ground point arranged sequentially. The second free end and the first free end are coupled together, and the fourth ground point is grounded. The antenna assembly further includes a second feed source electrically connected to the second feed point. The second feed source is used to excite a 1 / 4 wavelength mode supporting the third frequency band between the second feed point and the second free end, and to generate a resonant current on the first radiator supporting a 3 / 4 wavelength mode supporting the third frequency band; and / or, The antenna assembly further includes a third feed source electrically connected to the second feed point, the third feed source being used to excite the second radiator to form a 1 / 4 wavelength mode supporting the fourth frequency band.

17. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a frame, a back cover, and an antenna assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 16. The frame includes a top edge, a first side edge, a bottom edge, and a second side edge that are connected end to end in sequence. At least a portion of the first radiator is disposed on the top edge. The conductive element is disposed on the back cover, and at least a portion of the conductive element extends along the top edge. The first feed source and the tuning unit are both disposed in the receiving space formed by the back cover and the frame.

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