Air pressure floating spindle device and polishing device
By designing independently controllable horizontal and vertical floating mechanisms, the problem of the Z-axis not being separated from the X and Y axes in the polishing of irregularly shaped glass in existing pneumatic floating spindle devices has been solved, achieving a more efficient polishing effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 湖南宇环精密制造有限公司
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing pneumatic floating spindle devices have difficulty achieving separate control of Z-axis floating and X and Y-axis floating in the polishing of irregularly shaped glass, resulting in uneven polishing effects.
A pneumatic floating spindle device was designed, comprising a fixed base, a horizontal floating mechanism, a vertical floating mechanism, and a limiting mechanism. The movement of the electric spindle is restricted by the limiting mechanism, while the horizontal and vertical floating mechanisms independently control the horizontal and vertical floating of the electric spindle, thereby achieving separate floating of the Z-axis from the X and Y axes.
It enables a richer and more diverse range of grinding and polishing processes for irregularly shaped glass, improving polishing precision and effect.
Smart Images
Figure CN118650556B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of polishing, and particularly relates to a polishing spindle and polishing device. Background Technology
[0002] As people's living standards improve, they place various demands on the surface treatment of objects, especially on glass. For regular-shaped glass, polishing involves the polishing head moving around the regular shape according to a program, achieving good results. However, achieving satisfactory results with irregularly shaped glass is much more difficult. Traditional polishing methods often result in uneven surfaces at varying angles and heights when used with irregularly shaped glass. Using a floating spindle can overcome some of the problems associated with traditional polishing methods for irregularly shaped glass. Floating spindle devices can be implemented in various forms, such as pneumatic floating and electromagnetic floating. Among these, pneumatic floating has been widely used.
[0003] Existing common pneumatic floating spindle devices generally consist of only a small piston floating mechanism. After air is supplied, the small piston presses against the floating spindle, and the floating force is controlled by adjusting the air pressure. This type of common pneumatic floating spindle device can achieve easy assembly and disassembly and a general floating effect, but its floating range is limited to the rotation of the X and Y axes and the translation of the Z axis, with the contact point between the upper end of the tension base and the small piston as the fulcrum. In this floating effect, since all floating is accomplished by the small piston and the tension base, the Z-axis translation and the X and Y axis rotation actually occur simultaneously. That is, during Z-axis translation, because the tension base only limits movement in the Z-axis rotation direction, it causes an imbalance in the X and Y rotation directions of the spindle, thus affecting the polishing accuracy. This type of pneumatic floating spindle device is less effective in the actual polishing of irregularly shaped glass, because in the polishing of irregularly shaped glass, it is often necessary to separate the Z-axis floating from the X and Y axis floating to ensure that they do not interfere with each other and to guarantee the polishing effect. Existing pneumatic floating spindle devices cannot meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the background art above, and to provide a pneumatic floating spindle device and polishing device in which the Z-axis floating and the X and Y-axis floating are separated.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:
[0006] A pneumatic floating spindle device includes an electric spindle, a fixed base, a horizontal floating mechanism, a vertical floating mechanism, a base mechanism, and a limiting mechanism for restricting the translational movement of the electric spindle relative to the fixed base in the X, Y, and Z axes. The electric spindle is horizontally oscillating within the fixed base (there is a gap between the inner cover plate and the clamping ring in the limiting mechanism and the fixed base). The base mechanism is fixedly mounted on the electric spindle. The horizontal floating mechanism is gapped around the electric spindle and abuts against the base mechanism. The fixed base is fixedly connected to the horizontal floating mechanism. The vertical floating mechanism is vertically movable around the fixed base and abuts against the horizontal floating mechanism.
[0007] In the above-mentioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, the limiting mechanism includes an outer cover plate, a fixed steel ball, a middle cover plate, an inner cover plate, and a clamping ring. The fixed steel ball includes a cylindrical end and a steel ball end that are fixedly connected to each other. The cylindrical end is fixedly connected to the outer cover plate, and the outer cover plate is fixedly connected to the fixed base. The lower end of the inner cover plate is fixedly connected to the clamping ring, and the upper end of the inner cover plate is fixedly connected to the middle cover plate. The top surface of the inner cover plate is provided with a lower conical groove, and the bottom surface of the middle cover plate is provided with an upper conical groove. The lower conical groove and the upper conical groove are combined to form a cavity for locking the steel ball end. The steel ball end is horizontally swingable in the cavity.
[0008] In the aforementioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, a limiting groove is formed in the inner cover plate, and a limiting post is provided in the fixed base. The limiting post extends into the limiting groove, and the size of the limiting groove is slightly larger than that of the limiting post. Because the limiting groove is larger than the limiting post, the limiting post can move slightly within the limiting groove, transforming the rigid limiting into a movable limiting with a buffering effect, resulting in better performance.
[0009] In the aforementioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, the horizontal floating mechanism includes a horizontal floating piston, a horizontal floating base, and a horizontal floating cover. The horizontal floating base and the horizontal floating cover are fitted around the electric spindle with a gap. The horizontal floating base has a horizontal air chamber. The horizontal floating cover is fixed to the horizontal floating base. The horizontal floating piston, in conjunction with a horizontal sealing ring, is disposed in the horizontal air chamber. The horizontal sealing ring is located at the top of the horizontal air chamber and connects with the horizontal floating cover. The lower end of the horizontal floating piston abuts against the base mechanism. The horizontal floating cover is fixedly connected to the fixed base. Multiple horizontal floating pistons can be provided, for example, eight horizontal floating pistons arranged in a ring.
[0010] In the aforementioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, the vertical floating mechanism includes a vertical floating piston, a vertical floating base, and a vertical floating cover. The vertical floating base and the vertical floating cover are movably sleeved outside the fixed base. The vertical floating base has a vertical air chamber. The vertical floating cover is fixed to the vertical floating base. The vertical floating piston, in conjunction with a vertical sealing ring, is disposed in the vertical air chamber. The vertical sealing ring is located at the top of the vertical air chamber and connects with the vertical floating cover. The lower end of the vertical floating piston abuts against the horizontal floating mechanism. Multiple vertical floating pistons can be provided, for example, eight vertical floating pistons arranged in a ring.
[0011] In the aforementioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, the vertical floating mechanism further includes a vertical floating retaining ring, which is fixed to the lower part of the vertical floating base. By providing the vertical floating retaining ring, it can support the upper vertical floating piston, the vertical floating base, and the vertical floating pressure cap.
[0012] In the aforementioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, the bottom of the vertical air chamber is provided with a limiting step to restrict the downward movement distance of the vertical floating piston, and the bottom of the horizontal air chamber is provided with a limiting step to restrict the downward movement distance of the horizontal floating piston. These limiting steps prevent the vertical or horizontal floating piston from moving downwards, thus providing a limiting effect.
[0013] In the above-mentioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, the base mechanism is a floating tensioning mechanism, which includes a tensioning base, a tensioning ring, and a tensioning cover. The tensioning base, tensioning ring, and tensioning cover are all sleeved on the electric spindle. The upper surface of the tensioning base is provided with an inclined surface, and the lower opening of the tensioning base is provided with a tensioning ring receiving cavity. The tensioning ring is disposed in the tensioning ring receiving cavity, and the length of the tensioning ring is greater than the inner height of the tensioning ring receiving cavity. The upper part of the tensioning cover abuts against the lower surface of the tensioning ring, and the tensioning cover is connected to the tensioning base by bolts.
[0014] In the above-mentioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, the tensioning ring includes an inner tensioning ring and an outer tensioning ring, the cross-sectional shape of the inner tensioning ring and the outer tensioning ring is a right triangle, one right-angled side of the inner tensioning ring is sleeved on the electric spindle, and the hypotenuse of the inner tensioning ring abuts against the hypotenuse of the outer tensioning ring.
[0015] In the aforementioned pneumatic floating spindle device, preferably, a waterproof sleeve is provided between the electric spindle and the vertical floating mechanism. The waterproof sleeve provides a waterproof effect.
[0016] As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a polishing apparatus, including a frame and a floating spindle, wherein the floating spindle is the above-mentioned pneumatic floating spindle device, and the frame is connected to the vertical floating mechanism.
[0017] In this invention, the movement of the electric spindle can be restricted by a limiting mechanism. Specifically: the electric spindle is fixed in the clamping ring, the electric spindle passes through the clamping ring, the clamping ring is locked, the inner cover plate and the middle cover plate are connected by bolts, and the lower end of the inner cover plate is connected to the clamping ring by bolts. The inner cover plate, the middle cover plate, the clamping ring and the electric spindle are a rigid whole. The outer cover plate is installed on the upper end of the fixed base by bolts. After the cylindrical end of the fixing steel ball is fixed to the outer cover plate, the outer cover plate, the fixed base and the cylindrical end of the fixing steel ball are a whole. The end of the steel ball that holds the ball is fixed in the cavity formed by the conical surface between the inner and middle cover plates. At this point, the entire assembly of the inner cover plate, middle cover plate, clamping ring, and electric spindle can swing horizontally around the center of the ball at the end holding the ball. However, because the cavity formed by the conical surface between the inner and middle cover plates is relatively small, and due to the small gap between the electric spindle and other components, the horizontal swing amplitude of the entire electric spindle is small. Furthermore, due to the limitation of the vertical distance within the cavity formed by the conical surface between the inner and middle cover plates, the entire electric spindle cannot move vertically relative to the fixed steel ball.
[0018] In this invention, a base mechanism, specifically a floating tensioning mechanism, is fixed at the lower end of the electric spindle. The electric spindle passes through a tensioning ring, which may include an inner tensioning ring and an outer tensioning ring. The electric spindle and the inner tensioning ring are fitted with a clearance. The tensioning cap and the tensioning base are connected by six bolts with a gap in between. The greater the preload of the six bolts, the smaller the gap between the tensioning cap and the tensioning base. Due to the presence of the inclined surface between the inner and outer tensioning rings, the inner tensioning ring is squeezed inward and deformed, thus tightly fitting with the electric spindle to achieve a fixed connection. At this point, the floating tensioning mechanism and the electric spindle become a whole. The inclined surface of the top surface of the floating tensioning base contacts the round end of the horizontal floating piston in the horizontal floating mechanism. Since the horizontal floating piston still has room to float upward, the installation position of the floating tensioning mechanism here needs to slightly compress the horizontal floating piston to stabilize the floating.
[0019] In this invention, the working principle of the horizontal floating mechanism is as follows: The horizontal floating base is designed with air holes connected to a horizontal air chamber for inflation. A horizontal floating piston, fitted with a horizontal sealing ring, is placed in the horizontal air chamber with its round end facing downwards. After installing the horizontal floating cover, air pressure can be supplied through the air holes next to the horizontal floating base. At this time, the horizontal floating piston will float up and down under the action of air pressure. Finally, the horizontal floating base is installed at the lower end of the fixed base, thus establishing a connection with the electric spindle. The horizontal floating base is connected to the fixed base via the horizontal floating cover, forming a single unit, while the electric spindle and the fixed base have relative motion. After the electric spindle oscillates, the floating tensioning mechanism, which is integrated with it, also oscillates with the electric spindle, and the inclined surface on its tensioning base will contact the horizontal floating piston. When the electric spindle is subjected to force, it will oscillate to one side, which will push the horizontal floating piston on that side to move upward. This will compress the air in the horizontal air chamber located between the horizontal floating cover and the horizontal floating base. When the force that caused the electric spindle to oscillate disappears, the horizontal floating piston driven by the air will push the electric spindle, which is integrated with the tensioning base, back to the center position, completing the horizontal oscillation and floating.
[0020] In this invention, the working principle of the vertical floating mechanism is similar to that of the horizontal floating mechanism, specifically as follows: The outer ring of the fixed base cooperates with the inner ring of the vertical floating base, allowing the fixed base to move smoothly up and down within the inner ring of the vertical floating base. That is, the fixed base can only perform Z-axis translation within the vertical floating base, preventing horizontal sliding due to changes in the force on the polishing head. A vertical floating retaining ring is installed at the lower end of the vertical floating base and connected to it by bolts, overcoming the downward gravity of the entire fixed base. The vertical air chamber and vertical floating piston in the vertical floating mechanism are arranged similarly to those in the horizontal floating mechanism. When the electric spindle is subjected to an upward force, the electric spindle moves upward and simultaneously drives the horizontal floating pressure cap to move upward, compressing the air in the vertical air chamber. When the upward force disappears, the air in the vertical air chamber causes the vertical floating piston to move downward, returning the electric spindle to its original position, thus achieving the floating purpose.
[0021] This invention also includes a limiting groove and a limiting post (which can be a set screw) to prevent the electric spindle from rotating along the Z-axis due to the inertia of high-speed rotation. A set screw is radially positioned at the upper end of the fixed base, and a corresponding limiting groove is positioned at the same location on the inner cover plate. After the set screw is tightened, it will reach a distance of 1.5 mm from the bottom of the limiting groove on the inner cover plate, without contacting the inner cover plate. At this point, the rotation angle of the electric spindle along the Z-axis, limited by the fixing steel ball, becomes very small, thus ensuring that the electric spindle as a whole does not rotate due to inertia. After the set screw is locked, the rotation of the electric spindle, which is integral with the inner cover plate, around its own Z-axis is limited to a very small range by the set screw. Generally, the outer cover plate can be made of plastic, which can also be used to limit the rotation of the electric spindle, but its strength is insufficient. This invention requires the setting of a limiting groove and a limiting post to prevent the outer cover plate from limiting the rotation of the electric spindle, thereby improving the service life of the device.
[0022] The pneumatic floating spindle device of this invention is a pneumatically driven device. Due to the presence of fixed steel balls, the translational motion of the electric spindle in the X, Y, and Z axes is locked, and the electric spindle only floats around the fixed steel balls. During the polishing process, after the polishing head of the electric spindle contacts the object, the polishing head causes the electric spindle to float horizontally and / or vertically, depending on the shape or position of the object's contact surface. At this time, the horizontal floating piston and / or vertical floating piston are compressed. When leaving the object surface or when the object's shape and position change, the horizontal floating piston and / or vertical floating piston can reset the electric spindle, thereby achieving floating polishing. Simultaneously, the horizontal and vertical floating of the electric spindle of this invention are controlled independently by the horizontal floating mechanism and the vertical floating mechanism, respectively. During operation, the floating in the Z-axis and X / Y-axis directions is separated. The program controls the air pressure to determine whether Z-axis floating or X / Y-axis floating is needed at a certain position. The floating effect can be divided into horizontal floating and vertical floating, and can float simultaneously or independently, thereby adapting to a wider range of grinding and polishing processes.
[0023] In this invention, the electric spindle, clamping ring, waterproof sleeve, horizontal floating piston, and vertical floating piston can all be existing conventional components. The electric spindle has power and can drive the polishing head to rotate for polishing.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
[0025] The pneumatic floating spindle device of the present invention includes a horizontal floating mechanism and a vertical floating mechanism. The horizontal and vertical floating of the electric spindle are controlled separately by the horizontal and vertical floating mechanisms, respectively. The floating effect can be divided into horizontal floating and vertical floating, thereby adapting to a wider range of grinding and polishing processes. Attached Figure Description
[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the pneumatic floating spindle device of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the pneumatic floating spindle device of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gap in the cross-sectional structure of the pneumatic floating spindle device of the present invention (tensioning ring omitted).
[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.
[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle.
[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point C.
[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point D.
[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic floating spindle device of the present invention in its initial state.
[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic floating spindle device of the present invention in a horizontal floating state.
[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic floating spindle device of the present invention in a vertical floating state.
[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing apparatus of the present invention.
[0038] Legend
[0039] 1. Electric spindle; 2. Fixed base; 3. Outer cover plate; 4. Middle cover plate; 5. Inner cover plate; 6. Clamping ring; 7. Cylindrical end; 8. Steel ball end; 9. Limiting groove; 10. Limiting post; 11. Horizontal floating piston; 12. Horizontal floating base; 13. Horizontal floating gland; 14. Horizontal air chamber; 15. Vertical floating piston; 16. Vertical floating base; 17. Vertical floating gland; 18. Vertical air chamber; 19. Vertical floating retaining ring; 20. Tensioning base; 21. Tensioning gland; 22. Tensioning ring receiving cavity; 23. Inner tensioning ring; 24. Outer tensioning ring; 25. Waterproof sleeve; 26. Frame; 27. Clearance. Detailed Implementation
[0040] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.
[0041] It should be noted that when a component is described as being "fixed to, attached to, connected to or connected to" another component, it can be directly fixed to, attached to, connected to or connected to the other component, or it can be indirectly fixed to, attached to, connected to or connected to the other component through other intermediate connectors.
[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0043] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.
[0044] Example:
[0045] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the pneumatic floating spindle device of this embodiment includes an electric spindle 1, a fixed base 2, a horizontal floating mechanism, a vertical floating mechanism, a base mechanism, and a limiting mechanism for restricting the translational movement of the electric spindle 1 relative to the fixed base 2 in the X, Y, and Z axes. The electric spindle 1 is horizontally oscillating within the fixed base 2 (e.g., Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, there is a gap 27 between the inner cover plate 5, the clamping ring 6, and the fixed base 2 to allow for swinging. The base mechanism is fixed on the electric spindle 1, and the horizontal floating mechanism is fitted outside the electric spindle 1 (e.g., Figure 6 As shown, there is a gap 27 between the two to allow for swinging), and it is abutted on the base mechanism. The fixed base 2 is fixedly connected to the horizontal floating mechanism, and the vertical floating mechanism is sleeved outside the fixed base 2 and can move up and down. The vertical floating mechanism abuts on the horizontal floating mechanism.
[0046] Specifically, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes an outer cover plate 3, a fixing steel ball, a middle cover plate 4, an inner cover plate 5, and a clamping ring 6. The fixing steel ball includes a cylindrical end 7 and a steel ball end 8 that are fixedly connected to each other. The cylindrical end 7 is fixedly connected to the outer cover plate 3, and the outer cover plate 3 is fixedly connected to the fixed base 2. The lower end of the inner cover plate 5 is fixedly connected to the clamping ring 6, and the upper end of the inner cover plate 5 is fixedly connected to the middle cover plate 4. The top surface of the inner cover plate 5 is provided with a lower conical groove, and the bottom surface of the middle cover plate 4 is provided with an upper conical groove. The lower conical groove and the upper conical groove are combined to form a cavity for locking the steel ball end 8. The steel ball end 8 can be horizontally oscillating in the cavity.
[0047] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown in this embodiment, a limiting groove 9 is provided in the inner cover plate 5, and a limiting post 10 is provided in the fixed base 2. The limiting post 10 extends into the limiting groove 9, and the size of the limiting groove 9 is larger than that of the limiting post 10.
[0048] In this embodiment, the horizontal floating mechanism includes a horizontal floating piston 11, a horizontal floating base 12, and a horizontal floating cover 13. The horizontal floating base 12 and the horizontal floating cover 13 are fitted around the electric spindle 1 with a gap. A horizontal air chamber 14 is provided in the horizontal floating base 12. The horizontal floating cover 13 is fixed on the horizontal floating base 12. The horizontal floating piston 11 is fitted with a horizontal sealing ring in the horizontal air chamber 14. The horizontal sealing ring is located at the top of the horizontal air chamber 14 and is connected to the horizontal floating cover 13. The lower end of the horizontal floating piston 11 abuts against the base mechanism. The horizontal floating cover 13 is fixedly connected to the fixed base 2.
[0049] In this embodiment, the vertical floating mechanism includes a vertical floating piston 15, a vertical floating base 16, and a vertical floating cover 17. The vertical floating base 16 and the vertical floating cover 17 are movably sleeved outside the fixed base 2. The vertical floating base 16 is provided with a vertical air chamber 18. The vertical floating cover 17 is fixed on the vertical floating base 16. The vertical floating piston 15 is fitted with a vertical sealing ring in the vertical air chamber 18. The vertical sealing ring is located at the top of the vertical air chamber 18 and is connected to the vertical floating cover 17. The lower end of the vertical floating piston 15 abuts against the horizontal floating mechanism.
[0050] In this embodiment, the vertical floating mechanism also includes a vertical floating retaining ring 19, which is fixed to the lower part of the vertical floating base 16.
[0051] In this embodiment, the base mechanism is a floating tensioning mechanism, which includes a tensioning base 20, a tensioning ring, and a tensioning cover 21. The tensioning base 20, the tensioning ring, and the tensioning cover 21 are all sleeved on the electric spindle 1. The upper surface of the tensioning base 20 is provided with an inclined surface, and the lower opening of the tensioning base 20 is provided with a tensioning ring receiving cavity 22. The tensioning ring is disposed in the tensioning ring receiving cavity 22, and the length of the tensioning ring is greater than the inner height of the tensioning ring receiving cavity 22. The upper part of the tensioning cover 21 abuts against the lower surface of the tensioning ring, and the tensioning cover 21 is connected to the tensioning base 20 by bolts.
[0052] In this embodiment, the tensioning ring includes an inner tensioning ring 23 and an outer tensioning ring 24. The cross-sectional shape of the inner tensioning ring 23 and the outer tensioning ring 24 is a right triangle. One right-angled side of the inner tensioning ring 23 is sleeved on the electric spindle 1, and the hypotenuse of the inner tensioning ring 23 abuts against the hypotenuse of the outer tensioning ring 24.
[0053] In this embodiment, a waterproof sleeve 25 is provided between the electric spindle 1 and the vertical floating mechanism.
[0054] like Figure 11 As shown, the polishing apparatus of this embodiment includes a frame 26 and a floating spindle. The floating spindle is the pneumatic floating spindle device described above. The frame 26 is connected to the vertical floating base 16 in the vertical floating mechanism.
[0055] This embodiment further explains the working principle of the above-mentioned pneumatic floating spindle device as follows:
[0056] First, install the vertical floating base 16 onto the working flange of the frame 26. Whether it is installed at the upper or lower end of the vertical floating base 16 depends on the actual situation. The initial state after ventilation is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the pistons in both floating mechanisms are pointing downwards and exert forces corresponding to the air pressure. At this time, the electric spindle 1 is centered and at the lowest position of the Z-axis floating mechanism.
[0057] like Figure 9 As shown, during the operation, according to the program's running steps, when the program moves horizontally for polishing, if the polishing surface is uneven or the path needs to be changed, the polishing head (the consumable at the end of the output shaft of the electric spindle 1) is subjected to force. The electric spindle 1 will tend to swing in the opposite direction of the program's running direction and around the fixed steel ball. When the thrust is greater than the force caused by the air pressure in the horizontal floating mechanism, the polishing head will shift, with a moving distance of 0-3mm and a swing angle of approximately 0-1°. At this time, the tensioning base 20 moves in the same direction as the electric spindle 1, and the conical surface squeezes the piston in the corresponding direction (such as...). Figure 9 , Figure 9As can be seen from the comparison, the horizontal air chamber 14 on the right is obviously compressed. After the polishing head leaves the above working area, due to the disappearance of the air pressure in the resistance horizontal floating mechanism, the piston pushes the electric spindle 1 to the center position, completing the horizontal floating.
[0058] like Figure 10 As shown, similarly, when the program increases the vertical force by moving vertically, the electric spindle 1 will tend to move in the opposite direction to the program's running direction. When the thrust is greater than the air pressure in the vertical floating mechanism, the electric spindle 1 will displace vertically by a distance of 1-3 mm. At this time, the fixed base 2 will displace in the same direction as the electric spindle 1, compressing the piston in the vertical floating mechanism (e.g., Figure 8 , Figure 10 As can be seen from the comparison, the vertical air chamber 18 is obviously compressed. After the polishing head leaves the above working area, due to the disappearance of the air pressure in the vertical floating mechanism, the piston pushes the electric spindle 1 back to the origin position, completing the vertical floating.
[0059] As can be seen from the above explanation of the principles, the floating spindle device provided by this invention has a wider range of application scenarios compared with existing common mechanisms. The separate control of the floating state increases the reliability of grinding and polishing operations and also provides more diverse process options.
Claims
1. A pneumatic floating spindle device, comprising an electric spindle (1), characterized in that, It also includes a fixed base (2), a horizontal floating mechanism, a vertical floating mechanism, a base mechanism, and a limiting mechanism for limiting the translation of the electric spindle (1) relative to the fixed base (2) in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. The electric spindle (1) is horizontally swingable and is disposed inside the fixed base (2). The base mechanism is fixed on the electric spindle (1). The horizontal floating mechanism is loosely sleeved outside the electric spindle (1) and abuts against the base mechanism. The fixed base (2) is fixedly connected to the horizontal floating mechanism. The vertical floating mechanism is movably sleeved outside the fixed base (2) and abuts against the horizontal floating mechanism. The limiting mechanism includes an outer cover plate (3), a fixed steel ball, a middle cover plate (4), an inner cover plate (5), and a clamping ring (6). The fixed steel ball includes a cylindrical end (7) and a steel ball end (8) that are fixedly connected to each other. The cylindrical end (7) is fixedly connected to the outer cover plate (3), and the outer cover plate (3) is fixedly connected to the fixed base (2). The lower end of the inner cover plate (5) is fixedly connected to the clamping ring (6), and the upper end of the inner cover plate (5) is fixedly connected to the middle cover plate (4). The top surface of the inner cover plate (5) is provided with a lower conical groove, and the bottom surface of the middle cover plate (4) is provided with an upper conical groove. The lower conical groove and the upper conical groove are combined to form a cavity for locking the steel ball end (8). The steel ball end (8) is horizontally swingable in the cavity.
2. The pneumatic floating spindle device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting groove (9) is provided in the inner cover plate (5), and a limiting post (10) is provided in the fixed base (2). The limiting post (10) extends into the limiting groove (9), and the size of the limiting groove (9) is larger than that of the limiting post (10).
3. The pneumatic floating spindle device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal floating mechanism includes a horizontal floating piston (11), a horizontal floating base (12), and a horizontal floating cover (13). The horizontal floating base (12) and the horizontal floating cover (13) are fitted outside the electric spindle (1). The horizontal floating base (12) is provided with a horizontal air chamber (14). The horizontal floating cover (13) is fixed on the horizontal floating base (12). The horizontal floating piston (11) is fitted with a horizontal sealing ring in the horizontal air chamber (14). The horizontal sealing ring is located at the top of the horizontal air chamber (14) and is connected to the horizontal floating cover (13). The lower end of the horizontal floating piston (11) abuts against the base mechanism. The horizontal floating cover (13) is fixed to the fixed base (2).
4. The pneumatic floating spindle device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical floating mechanism includes a vertical floating piston (15), a vertical floating base (16), and a vertical floating cover (17). The vertical floating base (16) and the vertical floating cover (17) are movably sleeved outside the fixed base (2). The vertical floating base (16) is provided with a vertical air chamber (18). The vertical floating cover (17) is fixed on the vertical floating base (16). The vertical floating piston (15) is fitted with a vertical sealing ring in the vertical air chamber (18). The vertical sealing ring is located at the top of the vertical air chamber (18) and is connected to the vertical floating cover (17). The lower end of the vertical floating piston (15) abuts against the horizontal floating mechanism.
5. The pneumatic floating spindle device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vertical floating mechanism also includes a vertical floating retaining ring (19), which is fixed to the lower part of the vertical floating base (16).
6. The pneumatic floating spindle device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The base mechanism is a floating tensioning mechanism, which includes a tensioning base (20), a tensioning ring, and a tensioning cover (21). The tensioning base (20), the tensioning ring, and the tensioning cover (21) are all sleeved on the electric spindle (1). The upper surface of the tensioning base (20) is provided with an inclined surface. The lower opening of the tensioning base (20) is provided with a tensioning ring receiving cavity (22). The tensioning ring is located in the tensioning ring receiving cavity (22). The length of the tensioning ring is greater than the inner cavity height of the tensioning ring receiving cavity (22). The upper part of the tensioning cover (21) abuts against the lower surface of the tensioning ring. The tensioning cover (21) and the tensioning base (20) are connected by bolts.
7. The pneumatic floating spindle device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tensioning ring includes an inner tensioning ring (23) and an outer tensioning ring (24). The cross-sectional shape of the inner tensioning ring (23) and the outer tensioning ring (24) is a right triangle. One right-angled side of the inner tensioning ring (23) is fitted onto the electric spindle (1), and the hypotenuse of the inner tensioning ring (23) abuts against the hypotenuse of the outer tensioning ring (24).
8. The pneumatic floating spindle device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A waterproof sleeve (25) is provided between the electric spindle (1) and the vertical floating mechanism.
9. A polishing apparatus, comprising a frame (26) and a floating spindle, characterized in that, The floating spindle is the pneumatic floating spindle device according to any one of claims 1-8, and the frame (26) is connected to the vertical floating mechanism.