A method for constructing roof structures that can reduce internal stress

Abstract

A roof structure construction method that reduces internal stress includes the following steps: Step 1: First, fabrication and pre-embedding of the reinforcing steel frame; Step 2: Next, construction of the waterproof layer; Step 3: Construction of the lower leveling layer and insulation layer; Step 4: Laying of the wire mesh; Step 5: Tying of the I-beams and the top of the reinforcing steel frame; Step 6: Installation of vertical vent pipes and expansion joint isolation plates; Step 7: Construction of the upper leveling layer and surface layer; Step 8: Treatment of expansion joints. This invention provides a roof structure construction method that reduces internal stress, ensuring the integrity and stability of the roof structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a method for constructing roof structures that can reduce internal stress. Background Technology

[0002] Existing roof construction methods are diverse, and the construction sequence for each layer also varies, typically employing appropriate construction methods depending on the roof structure. Generally, current roof construction projects require expansion joints at regular intervals to prevent damage caused by thermal expansion and contraction. However, these expansion joints also provide convenient channels for water infiltration. If the waterproofing layer is not properly applied, the expansion joint fabric is damaged, or the roof is old and in disrepair, water leakage may occur. Conventional repair methods involve applying waterproofing coating to the cracks or reworking the entire structure. Furthermore, most current roof projects are constructed layer by layer, resulting in weak adhesion between layers. Under extreme temperature changes, uneven local stress can easily cause layer-to-layer cracking and arching, leading to poor overall integrity. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel roof structure construction method that addresses these shortcomings and improves the overall integrity of the roof structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a roof structure construction method that can reduce internal stress and ensure the integrity and stability of the roof structure.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for constructing a roof structure that can reduce internal stress includes the following steps: Step 1: First, fabricate and pre-embed the steel reinforcement cage: The steel reinforcement cage needs to be fabricated in batches in advance and embedded when pouring structural layer 3, with an embedding depth of more than half. Step 2: Next is the construction of the waterproof layer: Clean the surface of the structural layer, apply primer and related coatings according to the type of waterproof membrane, lay the waterproof membrane, pay attention to details at the steel reinforcement frame, lay several layers of waterproof membrane and apply more waterproof coating to ensure good waterproof performance at weak junctions; after the waterproof layer is completed, proceed to the next step. Step 3: Next is the construction of the leveling layer and insulation layer: Pour a layer of cement mortar, control the thickness and size, and then start laying the insulation boards. The insulation boards are laid neatly and spliced ​​into blocks, leaving mortar joints and pipe joints between the blocks; I-beams are placed in the mortar joints, and steel reinforcement supports are placed in the pipe joints. The I-beams and steel reinforcement supports are evenly spaced and the bottom ends are submerged in the mortar; then the main exhaust pipe and exhaust branch pipes are installed; the exhaust branch pipes are placed on the steel reinforcement supports, and the main exhaust pipes are placed on the steel reinforcement skeleton. Adjust the position of the horizontal bars, stirrups, and longitudinal bars at the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage, and fine-tune their height to be basically consistent with the plane height of the adjacent exhaust main pipe and the surrounding exhaust branch pipe. Tighten the interface of the exhaust main pipe and the exhaust branch pipe to make them interlock to prevent air leakage. After fastening, tie and tighten the middle horizontal bars of the steel reinforcement cage with wire. After checking that there are no errors, proceed to the next process. Step 4: Laying the wire mesh: A gap of 2.5-3.5cm should be left in the wire mesh laid on the reinforcing steel frame to allow space for the installation of the expansion joint partition plate later. The gap should be slightly wider at the opening of the vertical exhaust pipe to facilitate the installation of the vertical exhaust pipe. The gap should be flush with the pipe. After laying the wire mesh on the insulation board, the tops of all the I-beams and the reinforcing steel frame will pass through the wire mesh holes and be slightly higher than the wire mesh plane before proceeding to the next step. Step 5: Binding of the top part of the I-beams and steel cage: After binding, a complete I-beam and H-shaped steel cage can be formed; after all the half I-beams and the top of the steel cage are bound, place a shim under the bound horizontal bar, tighten the wire mesh, and proceed to the next process. Step 6: Installation of vertical exhaust pipes and expansion joint partitions: Install vertical exhaust pipes at each opening at the top of the main exhaust pipe, fasten the ends to the main exhaust pipe, and add a fully downward bend at the end; then install foam boards, chisel out notches at equal intervals between the foam boards and the stirrups of the steel reinforcement cage, and wrap them with plastic film. The notches are then secured to the steel reinforcement cage. Complete the installation of the foam board partitions, and proceed to the next step. Step 7: Construction of the leveling layer and surface layer: Pour cement mortar, requiring the mortar joints, pipe joints, and steel reinforcement cage of the insulation layer to be filled and poured densely. The final pouring thickness should be able to cover the top of the I-beams and steel reinforcement cage slightly. After controlling the thickness and size, start laying the surface tiles. Lay the tiles normally. After the laying is completed, proceed to the next process. Step 8: Treatment of expansion joints; Remove the foam board and replace it with a slightly wider plastic divider strip, insert it into the expansion joint, and then apply waterproof coating to the top to prevent rainwater from seeping into the expansion joint through the gaps.

[0005] When fabricating the steel reinforcement cage described in Step 1, the bottom longitudinal bars and stirrups should be tied or welded securely. The two middle longitudinal bars, transverse bars, and stirrups only need to be simply tied together, without being tied securely. This is so that when installing the exhaust main pipe, the height of the middle transverse bar can be adjusted appropriately to determine the final support height. After the height is adjusted, it can be further tied or welded securely. The exhaust main pipe should be installed and tied securely at the same time.

[0006] In Step 3, the arrangement of the I-beams is carried out simultaneously with the construction of the insulation board. The I-beams are arranged while the insulation board is being installed, leaving gaps. The bottom end of the I-beam is submerged in the mortar in the gap, and one is inserted at an appropriate interval. The I-beams arranged here are semi-finished products, which are inverted "T" shaped welded products. The height of the I-beams after they are installed is higher than the wire mesh. After the wire mesh is laid, the upper horizontal bars are welded to form the I-beams.

[0007] This invention provides a roof structure construction method that can reduce internal stress, and has the following technical effects: 1) The exhaust main pipe and exhaust branch pipe are made of flexible rubber material, which can resist the expansion and contraction deformation of concrete (cement mortar). On the horizontal level, it can also alleviate the misalignment and displacement between insulation boards in the insulation layer, so that the stress of the overall roof structure is dispersed and evenly distributed, avoiding local deformation or damage caused by stress concentration.

[0008] 2) The installation of I-beams and wire mesh ensures a tight connection between the insulation layer and the upper and lower layers, limiting the deformation of the insulation layer and even the entire roof structure in the vertical space. In addition, the establishment of the steel reinforcement frame strengthens the connection and fixation between the bottom structural layer and the upper leveling layer, further limiting the overall deformation of the roof in the vertical space.

[0009] 3) Generally, a large piece of material usually has a large deformation. When divided into multiple smaller pieces, due to the size effect, the deformation of each smaller piece usually decreases as its length and area decrease. Similarly, the installation of exhaust mains and branch pipes acts as a dividing zone for the roof, dividing the roof into multiple smaller areas. The deformation of the concrete in each smaller area is generally less than the overall deformation. In other words, the installation of exhaust mains and branch pipes reduces the deformation of the roof structure at the overall level.

[0010] 4) Traditional concrete roofing processes use simple exhaust pipe layouts and the insulation layer is directly placed in the mortar, resulting in weak interlayer bonding. This leads to serious cracking and delamination of the roof concrete caused by thermal expansion and contraction. This invention can largely avoid these drawbacks.

[0011] 5) In addition, the welding of I-beams and short horizontal bars can utilize scrap steel bars from the construction site, which can play a role in waste utilization and turning waste into treasure, and meets the relevant requirements of green construction, energy conservation and environmental protection advocated by construction sites. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention (excluding the vertical exhaust pipe).

[0013] Figure 2 for Figure 1A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention (including the vertical exhaust pipe).

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the insulation layer in this invention.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wire mesh laid in this invention.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a top view after the surface layer construction in this invention.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the steel bar support structure in this invention.

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the foam board installation for isolating expansion joints according to the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Longitudinal reinforcement; 2. Rebar cage; 3. Structural layer; 4. Exhaust branch pipe; 5. Exhaust main pipe; 6. Upper leveling layer; 7. Insulation layer; 8. Wire mesh; 9. Waterproof layer; 10. Surface layer; 11. Vertical exhaust pipe; 12. Expansion joint; 13. Waterproof coating; 14. Rebar support; 15. Stirrup; 16. Horizontal reinforcement; 17. Lower leveling layer; 18. I-beam reinforcement; 19. Floor tile; 20. Foam board; 21. Notch; 22. Mortar joint; 23. Main pipe joint; 24. Branch pipe joint. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a roof structure that can reduce internal stress includes a structural layer 3, a waterproof layer 9, a lower leveling layer 17, an insulation layer 7, an upper leveling layer 6, a surface layer 10, and a wire mesh 8, a vertical exhaust pipe 11, an expansion joint 12, an I-beam 18, and a steel bar support 14 embedded therein.

[0022] The structural layer 3 has a pre-embedded steel reinforcement cage 2. The upper end of the steel reinforcement cage 2 extends to the upper leveling layer 6, and its inner width is the same as or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the exhaust pipe 5, used to support the exhaust pipe 5 installed longitudinally later. The steel reinforcement cage 2 includes four longitudinal bars 1 in two rows, multiple pairs of stirrups 15 perpendicular to the structural layer 3, and multiple transverse bars 16 interlaced between the two longitudinal bars 1 in the upper row. The diameter of the longitudinal bars 1 in the steel reinforcement cage 2 is not less than 8mm, and the diameter of the stirrups 15 is not less than 6mm. The top of the steel reinforcement cage 2 is also provided with transverse bars 16 at intervals. These transverse bars 16 are tied or welded after the wire mesh 8 is laid, which plays a further role in restraining and fixing the steel reinforcement cage 2.

[0023] The insulation layer 7 is made of insulation boards. After the insulation boards are spliced ​​into blocks, mortar joints, main pipe joints and branch pipe joints are left between the blocks. The mortar joints are used to install the I-beams 18, the main pipe joints are used to install the exhaust main pipe 5, and the branch pipe joints are used to install the exhaust branch pipe 4.

[0024] Before installing the main exhaust pipe 5 and the branch exhaust pipe 4, steel reinforcement supports 14 are installed at the corresponding branch pipe joints. The steel reinforcement supports 14 are spaced appropriately to support the branch exhaust pipe 4, so that the height of the branch exhaust pipe 4 is close to the middle of the insulation board thickness. The width of the middle opening of the steel reinforcement support 14 is slightly larger than the diameter of the branch exhaust pipe 4, and the support height does not exceed half the thickness of the insulation board. The steel reinforcement support 14 is usually made of steel bars, but can also be made of other metals or plastics.

[0025] The main exhaust pipe 5 has a slightly larger diameter than the branch exhaust pipes 4. The main exhaust pipe 5 is arranged longitudinally, while the branch exhaust pipes 4 are arranged transversely. A vertical exhaust pipe 11 is installed at intervals along the main exhaust pipe 5. The vertical exhaust pipe 11 is perpendicular to the ground and points upwards, with its end exposed. A downward-curving adapter is installed at the top to prevent rainwater from entering. The branch exhaust pipes 4 collect the gas from the entire roof structure and transmit it to the main exhaust pipe 5, which then discharges the gas through the vertical exhaust pipes 11.

[0026] The vertical exhaust pipe 11 is coated with waterproof paint at the contact point with the ground to prevent rainwater from seeping in.

[0027] After the insulation layer 7 is completed, a layer of wire mesh 8 is laid on top to ensure the overall flatness of the insulation board and improve the overall integrity of the roof.

[0028] I-beams 18 are installed in the gaps between the insulation boards. The I-beams 18 are used to connect the lower leveling layer 17 and the upper leveling layer 6, further enhancing the integrity and stability of the roof structure.

[0029] The main exhaust pipe 5 and the branch exhaust pipe 4 are made of tubing with a certain degree of plasticity, such as rubber tubing. This allows them to adapt to deformations caused by changes in the internal forces of the roof structure, ensuring the overall structural safety of the roof.

[0030] The thickness of the upper leveling layer 6 and the lower leveling layer 17 shall not be less than 1.5cm.

[0031] The exhaust main pipe 5 has many openings that fit into the openings of the exhaust branch pipe 4 and the vertical exhaust pipe 11, allowing them to be nested and locked together to prevent air leakage.

[0032] Before pouring the cement mortar for the leveling layer 6, foam boards 20 are used to isolate the expansion joints 12. The foam boards 20 have strip-shaped notches 21 at intervals on them, which are used to clamp them onto the reinforcing steel frame 2.

[0033] The foam board 20 is placed on the steel frame 2. After installation, the top surface is 3-5cm higher than the expected surface layer, and its outer surface is wrapped with a plastic film to facilitate easy removal later.

[0034] The cement mortar used in the upper leveling layer 6 and the lower leveling layer 17 contains an anti-seepage agent to enhance the mortar's impermeability.

[0035] A novel roof structure construction method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The first step is the fabrication and pre-embedding of the reinforcing steel cage 2. The reinforcing steel cage 2 needs to be fabricated in batches and embedded during the pouring of structural layer 3, with an embedding depth of more than half. During the fabrication of the reinforcing steel cage 2, attention should be paid to the horizontal reinforcement 16 (… Figures 1-2 The upper and lower overlaps are simple. When pre-embedding, the lower horizontal rib 16 only needs to be tied. It does not need to be tied firmly so that it can be easily adjusted up and down when installing the exhaust main pipe 5. After the height is adjusted, it can be further tied or welded firmly. Tie firmly while installing the pipe to ensure that the exhaust main pipe 5 and the exhaust branch pipe 4 are matched in height and that the two pipes are basically flush with the central axis of the insulation board.

[0036] Step 2: Next comes the construction of waterproof layer 9. Clean the surface of structural layer 3, apply primer and related coatings according to the type of waterproof membrane, and lay the waterproof membrane. Pay special attention to details at the steel reinforcement skeleton 2, laying several layers of waterproof membrane and applying more waterproof coating to ensure good waterproofing performance at weak junctions. After waterproof layer 9 is completed, proceed to the next step.

[0037] Step 3: Next is the construction of the leveling layer 17 and the insulation layer 7. Pour a layer of cement mortar, controlling the thickness and dimensions, and then begin laying the insulation boards. The insulation boards are laid neatly, spliced ​​into blocks, leaving mortar joints and pipe joints between the blocks. I-beams 18 are installed in the mortar joints, and steel reinforcement supports 14 are placed in the pipe joints. The I-beams 18 and steel reinforcement supports 14 are evenly spaced, with their bottom ends submerged in the mortar (the mortar joints are poured after the I-beams 18 are installed, and the pipe joints are poured after the steel reinforcement supports 14 are installed). Then, the main exhaust pipe 5 and exhaust branch pipe 4 are installed. The exhaust branch pipe 4 is placed on the steel reinforcement supports 14, and the main exhaust pipe 5 is placed on the steel reinforcement cage 2. Adjust the position of the lower horizontal bars 16 and the stirrups and longitudinal bars on the steel reinforcement cage 2, and fine-tune their height to be basically consistent with the plane height of the adjacent exhaust main pipe 5 and the surrounding exhaust branch pipes 4. Fasten the interface between the exhaust main pipe 5 and the exhaust branch pipe 4 to make them interlock to prevent air leakage. After fastening, tie and tighten the horizontal bars 16 in the middle of the steel reinforcement cage 2 with iron wire. After checking that there are no errors, proceed to the next process.

[0038] Step 4: Laying the wire mesh. A gap of 2.5–3.5 cm should be left between the wire mesh 8 laid on the reinforcing steel frame 2 to allow space for the installation of the isolation plate at the expansion joint 12 later. The gap should be slightly wider at the opening of the vertical exhaust pipe 11 to facilitate its installation. The gap should be flush with the pipe. After laying the wire mesh 8 on the insulation board, the tops of all the I-beams 18 and the reinforcing steel frame 2 will pass through the wire mesh holes, slightly higher than the wire mesh plane, before proceeding to the next step.

[0039] Step 5: Tying the top of the I-beams 18 and the steel cage 2. After tying, a complete I-beam 18 and a rectangular steel cage 2 will be formed. After all the tops of the I-beams 18 and steel cage 2 are tied, place shims under the tied horizontal bars, tighten the wire mesh 8, and proceed to the next step.

[0040] Step 6: Installation of vertical exhaust pipes 11 and expansion joint partitions. Install vertical exhaust pipes 11 at each opening at the top of the main exhaust pipe 5, fastening the ends to the main exhaust pipe 5, and adding fully downward-facing elbows at the ends. Next, install foam boards 20, with the foam boards 20 interspersed with steel reinforcement frames 2, and chiseling out notches 21 at equal intervals (e.g., Figure 8 As shown), and wrapped with plastic film (notch 21 does not need to be wrapped), the strip notch 21 is clipped onto the steel frame 2, completing the installation of the isolation of each foam board 20. After completion, proceed to the next process.

[0041] Step 7: Construction of the leveling layer and surface layer. Pour cement mortar, ensuring that the mortar joints, pipe joints, and spaces around the reinforcing steel skeleton 2 in the insulation layer 7 are filled and compacted. The final pouring thickness should be able to slightly cover the top of the I-beams 18 and the reinforcing steel skeleton 2. After controlling the thickness and dimensions, begin laying the surface tiles 19. Lay the tiles 19 normally, and proceed to the next step after the laying is completed.

[0042] Step 8: Treatment of expansion joints. Remove the foam board 20 and replace it with a slightly wider plastic divider strip. Insert the strip into the expansion joint 12 and apply waterproof coating to the top to prevent rainwater from seeping into the expansion joint 12 through the gaps.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a roof structure that can reduce internal stress, comprising the following steps: With tp1: First, the steel reinforcement cage (2) is made and pre-embedded: The steel reinforcement cage (2) needs to be made in batches in advance and embedded when pouring the structural layer (3), with a embedding depth of more than half. Step 2: Next is the construction of the waterproof layer (9): Clean the surface of the structural layer (3), apply primer and related coatings according to the type of waterproof membrane, lay the waterproof membrane, and do a good job of detail treatment at the steel reinforcement skeleton (2). Lay several layers of waterproof membrane and apply more waterproof coatings to ensure good waterproof performance at the weak junctions; after the waterproof layer (9) is treated, proceed to the next step. Step 3: Next is the construction of the leveling layer (17) and the insulation layer (7): Pour a layer of cement mortar, control the thickness and size, and then start to lay the insulation board. The insulation board is laid neatly and spliced ​​into blocks. A series of mortar joints and pipe joints are left between the blocks. I-beams (18) are placed in the mortar joints, and steel bar supports (14) are placed in the pipe joints. The I-beams (18) and steel bar supports (14) are evenly arranged and the spacing is moderate. The bottom end can be submerged in the mortar. Then is the placement of the exhaust main pipe (5) and exhaust branch pipe (4). The exhaust branch pipe (4) is placed on the steel bar support (14), and the exhaust main pipe (5) is placed on the steel bar skeleton (2). Adjust the position of the horizontal bars (16) at the bottom of the steel reinforcement cage (2) and the stirrups and longitudinal bars, and finely adjust their height to be consistent with the plane height of the adjacent exhaust main pipe (5) and the surrounding exhaust branch pipe (4). Fasten the interface between the exhaust main pipe (5) and the exhaust branch pipe (4) to make them fasten together to avoid air leakage. After fastening, tie and tighten the middle horizontal bars (16) of the steel reinforcement cage (2) with iron wire. After checking that there are no errors, proceed to the next process. Step 4: Laying the wire mesh: A gap needs to be left on the wire mesh (8) laid on the reinforcing steel frame (2). The gap width is 2.5 to 3.5 cm to leave space for the installation of the expansion joint isolation plate later. The gap width should be slightly larger at the opening of the vertical exhaust pipe (11) to facilitate the installation of the vertical exhaust pipe (11). The gap should be flush with the pipe. After laying the wire mesh (8) on the insulation board, the tops of all the I-beams (18) and the reinforcing steel frame (2) will pass through the wire mesh holes and be slightly higher than the wire mesh plane before entering the next process. Setp5: Binding of the top of the I-beam (18) and the steel cage (2): After binding, a complete I-beam (18) and a H-shaped steel cage (2) can be formed; after all the top of the I-beam (18) and the steel cage (2) are bound, place a shim under the bound horizontal bar, tighten the wire mesh (8), and proceed to the next process. Step 6: Installation of vertical exhaust pipe (11) and expansion joint partition: Install vertical exhaust pipe (11) at each opening at the top of exhaust main pipe (5), fasten the port to exhaust main pipe (5), and add a fully downward elbow at the end; then install foam board (20), chisel out notches (21) at equal intervals between the foam board (20) and the stirrups of the steel reinforcement skeleton (2), and wrap it with plastic film. The notches (21) are stuck on the steel reinforcement skeleton (2) to complete the installation of the foam board (20) partition. After completion, proceed to the next process. Step 7: Construction of the leveling layer and surface layer: Pour cement mortar, requiring the mortar joints, pipe joints and steel reinforcement skeleton (2) of the insulation layer (7) to be filled and poured densely, and the final pouring thickness can cover the top of the I-beam (18) and the steel reinforcement skeleton (2). After controlling the thickness and size, start laying the surface floor tiles (19). Lay the floor tiles (19) normally. After the laying is completed, proceed to the next process. Step 8: Treatment of expansion joints; Remove the foam board (20) and replace it with a slightly wider plastic divider strip and insert it into the expansion joint (12). Then apply waterproof coating to the top to prevent rainwater from seeping into the expansion joint (12) through the gap.

2. The roof structure construction method for reducing internal stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the steel reinforcement cage (2) described in Step 1 is made, the bottom longitudinal reinforcement (1) is tied or welded firmly to the stirrups. The two middle longitudinal reinforcements and the transverse reinforcement (16) are simply tied to the stirrups. They do not need to be tied firmly so that when the exhaust pipe (5) is installed, the height of the middle transverse reinforcement (16) can be adjusted appropriately to determine the final support height. After the height is adjusted, it is tied or welded firmly. The exhaust pipe (5) is arranged and tied firmly at the same time.

3. The roof structure construction method for reducing internal stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the Setp3, the arrangement of the I-beams (18) is carried out simultaneously with the construction of the insulation board. The I-beams (18) are arranged while the insulation board is being installed, leaving gaps. The bottom end of the I-beams (18) is inserted into the mortar in the gap, and one is inserted at an appropriate interval. The I-beams (18) arranged here are semi-finished products, which are inverted "T" shaped welded products. The height of the I-beams (18) after they are installed is higher than that of the wire mesh (8). After the wire mesh (8) is laid, the upper horizontal bars are welded to form the I-beams.

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