A large-curvature special-shaped building plane measurement and lofting method

Abstract

The application discloses a large-curvature special-shaped building plane measurement lofting method, which comprises the following steps: S1, analyzing plane geometric relation of lofting content; S2, arranging and lofting a first reference line; S3, arranging and lofting a second reference line; S4, arranging internal control points; S5, arranging and lofting a longitudinal straight beam; S6, arranging and lofting a column; S7, arranging and lofting a transverse circular arc beam; and S8, arranging and lofting a wall. The application gets rid of the operation difficulty caused by the original design axis net for the layout of the lofting drawing. A new axis net composed of reference lines required for self-defined lofting is reconstructed, and the layout and lofting are carried out based on the new axis net. The form is free and flexible, the lofting data is small, and the data is fixed and not prone to errors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modernization, various irregularly shaped buildings with diverse shapes and complex lines are becoming increasingly common, such as circular, curved, polygonal, and elliptical structures. Among them, the plan of a fan-shaped building may seem simple, but the measurement and layout are particularly complicated. The measurement and layout of such buildings requires not only accurate positioning but also high efficiency.

[0003] Surveying work follows the principle of starting with the whole and then moving to the parts, and starting with control and then moving to details. For building plan surveying and setting out, conventional methods such as the deflection angle method, rectangular coordinate method, and arbitrary point polar coordinate method are used to first set out the grid of the design drawings, and then set out the edge lines of walls, columns, beams or their control lines based on the design grid. However, for fan-shaped buildings, especially fan-shaped buildings with large curvature, plan surveying and setting out is difficult to handle. The main reason is that the existing surveying and setting out methods are difficult and labor-intensive to directly set out the original design grid of the fan-shaped building: 1. For fan-shaped buildings, the longitudinal axis is a radial straight axis, and its grid is a grid composed of radial axes with the center located outside the building (the axes are not parallel). That is, except for the first floor, it is impossible to construct an operating space where the centers of all axes are located on the same plane. The deflection angle method cannot set out the longitudinal radial straight axis. 2. When using the rectangular coordinate method for layout, after laying out the tangent of a large-curvature transverse arc curve, the greater the deviation from the tangent point when making vertical distance measurements along the tangent direction, the greater the error, making it difficult to meet accuracy requirements; 3. When using the polar coordinate method for layout of longitudinal straight lines and transverse arc axes, the number of layout points is too large, resulting in low work efficiency; 4. Layout of the center of a cylindrical or square column located at the intersection of a transverse arc curve and a longitudinal ray-shaped straight curve is difficult in practice because after the concrete of this floor is poured, the vertical column reinforcement of the floor above blocks the view. The person holding the prism has difficulty operating due to the obstruction of the vertical reinforcement. Even if the vertical reinforcement is pried open and the person crawls into the column to set up the hand-held prism, the view is still inevitably blocked, making the work more difficult and inefficient. In addition, the reinforcement work team stops tying the stirrups when laying out the column, resulting in idle work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature. This method includes analyzing the geometric relationships of the layout content, reconstructing the grid required for layout, and laying out the wall, column, and beam edges or control lines required for construction based on a custom layout reference line. Specifically, it includes the following steps: S1. Analysis of planar geometric relationships of layout content: analysis of the horizontal and vertical axis lines, and analysis of the relationship between horizontal axes and between vertical axes; S2. Primary Reference Line Layout and Laying Out: Primary reference lines include longitudinal reference lines and transverse reference lines. Each reference line should run through all longitudinal and transverse beams in the area to be laid out. S3. Layout and Lofting of Secondary Reference Lines: Secondary reference lines are parallel lines based on the transverse reference lines in the primary reference lines, and they run through all longitudinal and transverse beams in the area to be laid out. S4. Layout of internal control points: The intersection of the longitudinal reference line and the transverse reference line in the first-level reference line shall be the internal control point. The plane position of the internal control point shall be 80cm away from the edge line of the beam and column, etc., to facilitate the setting up of the point transfer instrument. The internal control point shall meet the layout requirements and establish a connection with the layout content to the greatest extent. S5. Layout and layout of longitudinal straight beams: Starting from the first-level transverse reference line, measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in turn; then, starting from the second-level reference line, measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in turn. The line connecting the intersections of each beam is the beam center line or axis. S6. Column layout and layout: Using the intersection point determined in step S5, measure the predetermined dimensions along the longitudinal beam centerline or axis direction to determine the column center and then lay out the column edge line. S7. Layout and layout of transverse circular arc beams: Using the intersection point determined in step S5, measure the predetermined dimensions along the center line or axis of the longitudinal beam to determine the intersection point of the longitudinal beam and the transverse beam, which is the center of the transverse circular arc beam. After connecting the center and arching the beam by the corresponding dimensions, the edge line of the beam is determined. S8. Wall layout and layout: Using the intersection points determined in step S5, measure the predetermined dimensions along the longitudinal beam centerline or axis to determine the transverse arc wall edge line or edge control line.

[0005] Preferably, in step S1, the transverse axis is a circular arc curve, and several cylindrical or square columns are arranged along one circular arc curve. A circular arc beam is set between the columns. The planar geometric relationship between the transverse circular arc curves is parallel or non-parallel, and several oblique beams are arranged between each cylindrical or square column.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the longitudinal axis is a radial straight axis with the center located outside the building, and several round or square columns are arranged along the axis. Straight beams are set between the columns. The angles between the straight axes are the same or different. At the intersection of the transverse axis and the longitudinal axis of the structure, there is a transition curve or a circular curve with the center located inside the building. Several oblique beams are arranged between the round or square columns.

[0007] Preferably, in step S2, the longitudinal reference lines L1 and L4 are parallel lines to the outermost longitudinal design axis, and the transverse reference lines L2, L3, L5, and L6 are the chords of the intersecting circular arc beams. Taking the layout control point A1 as the measuring station and the layout control point A2 as the backsight point, L2 is laid out by rotating counterclockwise by 12°, L1 is laid out by rotating clockwise by 67°, and L3, L4, L5, and L6 are laid out in sequence.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, starting from the layout control point A1, the corresponding distance is measured along the longitudinal reference line L1 to determine the starting points B1 and B4 of the secondary reference line layout ruler. After measuring the vertical distances L2 and L6, they are connected to B1 and B4 in sequence to lay out the horizontal secondary reference lines L8 and L7. Similarly, the horizontal secondary reference lines L9 and L10 can be laid out in sequence.

[0009] Preferably, in step S5, the specific layout method is as follows: using a 50m long measuring tape, starting from A1 and B1, measure the layout dimensions sequentially along the corresponding reference line direction, connect them in pairs, and use the ink line to lay out the center line of the longitudinal beam of the covered area.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) it gets rid of the operational difficulties brought about by the original design grid for layout drawing; (2) it makes full use of AutoCAD to reconstruct a new grid composed of reference lines required for custom layout, and uses this as a basis for layout and layout, which is free and flexible, with less layout data and fixed data that is less prone to error; (3) it improves layout accuracy and work efficiency, thereby achieving the goal of shortening the construction period; (4) it creates a working surface for steelworkers to tie stirrups in advance, avoiding idle work and reducing resource waste. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural plan view of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 This is the layout and lofting diagram of the primary reference line of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the layout of the internal control points of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a layout and lofting diagram of the secondary reference lines of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 5 This is the layout and layout diagram of the longitudinal straight beam of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 6This is the layout and layout diagram of the transverse circular arc beam of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 This is the column layout and lofting diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 8 This is the wall layout and layout diagram of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6 are primary reference lines; L7, L8, L9, and L10 are secondary reference lines; A1, A2, A3, and A4 are internal control points for layout; and B1, B2, B3, and B4 are the starting points for layout and scale setting of the secondary reference lines. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described.

[0021] Reference Figures 1 to 8 This invention discloses a planar measurement and layout method for irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature. The method includes analyzing the geometric relationships of the layout content, reconstructing the grid required for layout, and laying out the wall, column, and beam edges or control lines required for construction based on a custom layout reference line. In this invention, the transverse axis is a circular arc curve, with several circular or square columns arranged along one arc curve. Circular arc beams (secondary beams) are installed between the columns, and the planar geometric relationship between the transverse circular arc curves is either parallel or non-parallel. The longitudinal axis is a ray-shaped straight axis with its center located outside the building, and several circular or square columns are also arranged along this axis. Straight beams (main beams) are installed between the columns, and the angles between the straight axes are the same or different. At the intersection of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the structure, there is a transition curve or a circular curve with its center located inside the building. Several oblique beams are arranged between each circular or square column.

[0022] The above-mentioned construction layout method for large-curvature fan-shaped buildings includes the following steps: S1. Analysis of planar geometric relationships of layout content: analysis of the horizontal and vertical axis lines, analysis of the relationship between horizontal axes and the relationship between vertical axes, including the horizontal axis being a circular arc axis, the vertical axis being a ray-shaped straight line axis, the horizontal arc-shaped beam center line (secondary beam), the vertical ray-shaped straight beam (main beam), the arc-shaped edge beam control line, the square column edge line and control line, the circular column center, etc.

[0023] S2. Primary Reference Line Layout and Laying Out: Primary reference lines include longitudinal and transverse reference lines. Each reference line should, as far as possible, penetrate all longitudinal and transverse beams in the area to be laid out. Longitudinal reference lines L1 and L4 are parallel lines to the outermost longitudinal design axis. Transverse reference lines L2, L3, L5, and L6 are the chords of intersecting circular arc beams. Both longitudinal and transverse reference lines should, as far as possible, penetrate all longitudinal and transverse beams in the area to be laid out. Specific laying out method: Set up a total station. Using the internal control point A1 as the station point and A2 as the backsight point, lay out L2 by rotating counterclockwise by 12° and L1 by rotating clockwise by 67° (or, using L2 as a reference, selecting 79° clockwise will also lay out L1). Similarly, L3, L4, L5, and L6 can be laid out sequentially.

[0024] S3. Layout and Layout of Secondary Reference Lines: Secondary reference lines are parallel lines based on the transverse reference lines in the primary reference lines. They should also run through all longitudinal and transverse beams in the area to be laid out. The specific layout method is as follows: Starting from point A1, measure the corresponding distance along the L1 direction to determine points B1 and B4. After measuring the vertical distances at L2 and L6, connect them to B1 and B4 in sequence to lay out the transverse secondary reference lines L8 and L7. Similarly, the transverse secondary reference lines L9 and L10 can be laid out in sequence.

[0025] S4. Layout of internal control points: The intersection of the longitudinal reference line and the transverse reference line in the first-level reference line shall be the internal control point. The plane position of the internal control point shall take into account the safety distance for beam and column reinforcement. The point shall be no less than 80cm away from the edge of the beam and column to facilitate the setting up of the point transfer instrument. The internal control point shall meet the layout requirements and establish a connection with the layout content to the greatest extent possible. S5. Longitudinal Straight Beam Layout and Laying Out: Starting from the primary transverse reference line, measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in sequence; then, starting from the secondary reference line, measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in sequence. The line connecting the intersections of each beam is the beam centerline or axis. Specifically: Starting from the primary transverse reference line, such as in the area where L2 and L8 are located, take A1 as the starting point and measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in sequence along the L2 direction. Then, starting from the secondary reference line, take B1 as the starting point and measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in sequence along the L8 direction. The line connecting the intersections of each beam is the beam centerline or axis. It should be noted that during layout, the data should be labeled continuously with increasing data to avoid errors caused by frequent data accumulation during the layout and setting out process and to reduce layout efficiency. Specific layout method: Using a 50m long measuring tape, starting from A1 and B1, measure the layout dimensions in sequence along the corresponding reference lines, connect them in pairs, and use the ink line to lay out the center line of the longitudinal beam of the covered area.

[0026] S6. Column layout and layout: Starting from the intersection of the first and second level transverse reference lines determined in step S5 with the longitudinal straight beams, measure the predetermined dimensions along the longitudinal beam centerline or axis direction to lay out the column center and then the column edge lines.

[0027] S7. Layout and layout of transverse circular arc beams: Starting from the intersection of the first and second level transverse reference lines determined in step S5 with the longitudinal straight beams, measure the predetermined dimensions along the center line or axis of the longitudinal beam to determine the intersection of the longitudinal beam and the transverse beam, which is the center of the transverse circular arc beam. After connecting the center and raising the corresponding dimensions, the edge line of the beam is determined.

[0028] S8. Wall layout and layout: Starting from the intersection of the first and second level horizontal reference lines determined in step S5 with the longitudinal straight beams, measure the predetermined dimensions along the center line or axis of the longitudinal beams to determine the horizontal arc wall edge line or edge control line.

[0029] This invention eliminates the operational difficulties brought about by the original design grid for layout drawing typesetting. It makes full use of AutoCAD to reconstruct a new grid composed of reference lines required for custom layout, and uses this as the basis for layout and layout. The form is free and flexible, greatly reducing the amount of positioning data. The data is fixed and not prone to errors, which greatly improves the layout accuracy and work efficiency, thereby achieving the goal of shortening the construction period.

[0030] As described above, although the invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature, characterized in that: This includes analyzing the geometric relationships of the layout content, reconstructing the grid required for layout, and laying out the wall, column, and beam edge lines or control lines required for construction based on a custom layout reference line. Specifically, it includes the following steps: S1. Analysis of planar geometric relationships of layout content: analysis of the horizontal and vertical axis lines, and analysis of the relationship between horizontal axes and between vertical axes; S2. Primary Reference Line Layout and Laying Out: Primary reference lines include longitudinal reference lines and transverse reference lines. Each reference line should run through all longitudinal and transverse beams in the area to be laid out. S3. Layout and Lofting of Secondary Reference Lines: Secondary reference lines are parallel lines based on the transverse reference lines in the primary reference lines, and they run through all longitudinal and transverse beams in the area to be laid out. S4. Layout of internal control points: The intersection of the longitudinal reference line and the transverse reference line in the first-level reference line shall be the internal control point. The plane position of the internal control point shall be 80cm away from the edge line of the beam and column, etc., to facilitate the setting up of the point transfer instrument. The internal control point shall meet the layout requirements and establish a connection with the layout content to the greatest extent. S5. Layout and layout of longitudinal straight beams: Starting from the first-level transverse reference line, measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in turn; then, starting from the second-level reference line, measure the horizontal distances to the intersections with the center lines of each longitudinal beam in turn. The line connecting the intersections of each beam is the beam center line or axis. S6. Column layout and layout: Using the intersection point determined in step S5, measure the predetermined dimensions along the longitudinal beam centerline or axis direction to determine the column center and then lay out the column edge line. S7. Layout and layout of transverse circular arc beams: Using the intersection point determined in step S5, measure the predetermined dimensions along the center line or axis of the longitudinal beam to determine the intersection point of the longitudinal beam and the transverse beam, which is the center of the transverse circular arc beam. After connecting the center and arching the beam by the corresponding dimensions, the edge line of the beam is determined. S8. Wall layout and layout: Using the intersection points determined in step S5, measure the predetermined dimensions along the longitudinal beam centerline or axis to determine the transverse arc wall edge line or edge control line.

2. The method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the transverse axis is a circular arc curve, and several cylindrical or square columns are arranged along one circular arc curve. Circular arc beams are set between the columns. The planar geometric relationship between the transverse circular arc curves is either parallel or non-parallel, and several oblique beams are arranged between each cylindrical or square column.

3. The method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the longitudinal axis is a radial straight axis with the center located outside the building, and several round or square columns are arranged along the axis. Straight beams are set between the columns. The angles between the straight axes are the same or different. At the intersection of the transverse axis and the longitudinal axis of the structure, there is a transition curve or a circular curve with the center located inside the building. Several oblique beams are arranged between the round or square columns.

4. The method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the longitudinal reference lines L1 and L4 are parallel lines to the outermost longitudinal design axis, and the transverse reference lines L2, L3, L5, and L6 are the chords of the intersecting circular arc beams. Taking the layout control point A1 as the measuring station and the layout control point A2 as the backsight point, L2 is laid out by rotating counterclockwise by 12°, L1 is laid out by rotating clockwise by 67°, and L3, L4, L5, and L6 are laid out in sequence.

5. The method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, starting from the layout control point A1, the corresponding distance is measured along the longitudinal reference line L1 to determine the starting points B1 and B4 of the secondary reference line layout ruler. After measuring the vertical distances L2 and L6, they are connected to B1 and B4 in sequence to lay out the horizontal secondary reference lines L8 and L7. Similarly, the horizontal secondary reference lines L9 and L10 can be laid out in sequence.

6. The method for planar measurement and layout of irregularly shaped buildings with large curvature according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the specific layout method is as follows: using a 50m long measuring tape, starting from A1 and B1, measure the layout dimensions in sequence along the corresponding reference line direction, connect them in pairs, and use the ink line to lay out the center line of the longitudinal beam of the covered area.

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