High-speed high-precision five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and control method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and particularly relates to a high-speed and high-precision five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and a control method, which comprises a numerical control machine tool, the inside of Y-axis integration, X-axis integration and Z-axis integration is provided with an optical linear error detection assembly for detecting linear displacement error, the transition of rotating seat one and the clamp machine base and the transition of the clamp machine base and the clamp are provided with optical arc error detection assemblies for detecting arc displacement error, the outer wall of rotating seat two is provided with an axis deviation detector for detecting the axis deviation of the clamp machine base, the end of the clamp machine base away from rotating seat one is fixedly provided with an axis disc two, and the inside of rotating seat two is provided with a bearing for supporting the axis disc two and cooling the transition at the same time. The application has the ability to detect errors caused by thermal deformation, can detect the deviation of the tool and the parts to be machined, simultaneously solves the heat dissipation problem of the transition, and further provides a control method for compensating machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically relating to a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Five-axis CNC machine tools are high-precision and high-efficiency machine tools specifically designed for machining complex curved surfaces. They can precisely control the movement of the cutting tool in five directions, enabling fine machining of complex shapes and angles. They play an important role in machining impellers, blades, marine propellers, heavy-duty generator rotors, steam turbine rotors, and large diesel engine crankshafts.

[0003] Five-axis machining centers have significant advantages in the field of precision machining, but they also have some drawbacks, which are analyzed as follows: thermal deformation problem. During high-speed machining, machine tool parts may undergo thermal deformation due to temperature changes, affecting machining accuracy. These heat sources usually include cutting heat, frictional heat, and radiant heat. However, how to detect and compensate for machining errors caused by thermal deformation is a problem that needs to be solved. Otherwise, it will be impossible to deal with part errors caused by thermal deformation. The errors will become more frequent and unstoppable as heat accumulates. In addition, the cutting heat generated by cutting can be alleviated by the cooling water system, and the radiant heat of the equipment can be alleviated by the cooling fan. However, the frictional heat generated at the junctions inside the equipment does not have a good heat dissipation structure, causing the heat in the corresponding junction structure to accumulate continuously, which may lead to thermal deformation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool and control method, which can detect errors caused by thermal deformation, detect the offset of the tool and the workpiece to be processed, solve the heat dissipation problem at the transition point, and also provide a control method for compensation processing.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool includes a CNC machine tool, a Y-axis assembly is assembled on the top of the CNC machine tool, and a horizontal mechanism is assembled on the top of the Y-axis assembly. A vertical frame is assembled at one end of the CNC machine tool, and an X-axis assembly is assembled on one side of the vertical frame. A Z-axis assembly is assembled on one side of the X-axis assembly. An optical linear error detection component for detecting linear displacement error is provided inside the Y-axis assembly, X-axis assembly, and Z-axis assembly. The horizontal mechanism includes a rotating base 1, a rotating base 2, and a fixture base. The fixture base is rotatably assembled inside the rotating base 1 and the rotating base 2. A fixture for clamping the workpiece to be processed is rotatably assembled in the middle of the fixture base. An optical arc error detection component for detecting arc displacement error is provided at the junction of the rotating base 1 and the fixture base and at the junction of the fixture base and the fixture. The outer wall of the rotating base 2 is provided with a shaft offset detector for detecting the shaft offset of the fixture base. The end of the fixture base away from the rotating base 1 is fixedly assembled with a shaft disk 2. The rotating base 2 is provided with a bearing for supporting the shaft disk 2 and cooling the junction. The deviation of the tool's linear movement in different planes is monitored by using an optical linear error detection component, so that subsequent compensation work can be supported by data. The optical arc error detection component is used to monitor the deviation of the rotational motion of the workpiece in different planes, which also provides data support for subsequent compensation work. By monitoring the relative movement between the rack and the corresponding outer tube, the axis offset detector can detect whether the axis of the fixture base and the fixture has shifted. By replacing the lubricating oil inside the sealing sleeve, the temperature at the equipment transition point is reduced, thereby decreasing the degree of thermal deformation caused by frictional heat.

[0006] The optical linear error detection component includes a first strip of light-sensing strip, a second strip of light-sensing strip, and a third strip of light-sensing strip. The Y-axis integration includes a Y-axis rail fixedly installed inside the CNC machine tool and an assembly seat slidably assembled on the top of the Y-axis rail. The first strip of light-sensing strip is installed parallel to one side of the Y-axis rail, and a laser is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the assembly seat at the position corresponding to the first strip of light-sensing strip. The X-axis assembly includes an X-axis rail fixedly installed on the side wall of the upright and an assembly frame slidably assembled on one side of the X-axis rail. The second strip of light-sensing strip is installed parallel to one side of the X-axis rail, and a second laser is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the assembly frame at the position corresponding to the second strip of light-sensing strip. The Z-axis assembly includes a processing frame and Z-axis rails fixedly assembled on both outer walls of the processing frame. The processing frame and the assembly frame are slidably assembled. The three strip-shaped light-sensing strips are installed parallel to one side of the Z-axis rails. Lasers are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the assembly frame at positions corresponding to the three strip-shaped light-sensing strips. The assembly base, assembly frame, and processing frame are all controlled to move by a servo drive mechanism, and the cutting tools are assembled at the bottom inside the processing frame via a power mechanism.

[0007] One side of the rotating base is provided with a drive mechanism 1 for driving the fixture base to rotate, and the inside of one end of the fixture base is provided with a drive mechanism 2 for driving the fixture to rotate. The two ends of the fixture base are fixedly assembled with a shaft disk 1 and a shaft disk 2, which respectively form a rotating assembly with the rotating base 1 and the rotating base 2.

[0008] The optical arc error detection component includes a path detection box 1 and a path detection box 2 respectively located at the junction of the rotary table 1 and the fixture base, and at the junction of the fixture base and the fixture. Taking the path detection box 1 as an example, an annular light-sensing strip is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the path detection box 1. A laser 4 is fixedly installed on one side wall of the shaft disk and on the axis of the path detection box 1. A lamp hole is opened at the top of the inner wall of the path detection box 1. A laser 5 is fixedly installed at the top of the side wall of the annular light-sensing strip away from the shaft disk 1. A strip light-sensing strip 4 is fixedly installed inside the rotary table 1 near the lamp hole. A refractive lens is fixedly installed on the side wall inside the lamp hole. The refractive lens is used to refract the light beam emitted by the laser 5 onto the surface of the strip light-sensing strip 4.

[0009] The shaft offset detector includes a collar sleeved on the outer surface of the end of the second shaft disk. The outer wall of the collar edge is rotatably connected with a toothed rod in an annular array. The outer wall of the second rotating seat is rotatably connected with an outer tube in an annular array. The toothed rod is slidably inserted into the corresponding outer tube. A toothed block is slidably installed on one side inside the outer tube. A gear one that meshes with the toothed rod and a gear two that meshes with the toothed block are rotatably installed inside the outer tube. The gear one and gear two are coaxially fixedly connected. A pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the outer tube, and a pressure needle that contacts the surface of the pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the end of the toothed block.

[0010] The bearing is composed of an inner bearing ring, an outer bearing ring, and a rotor. The outer bearing ring has an outer oil seal groove for storing lubricating oil in the middle of its outer surface. The outer walls on both sides of the inner bearing ring are integrally provided with ring plates, and the two ends of the ring plates with the same diameter are provided with oil seepage ports. The inner bearing ring is movably fitted with sealing sleeves on both sides and outside the ring plates. The sealing sleeve has an integrally provided outer ring chamber extending outward in the middle of its middle, and the ring plates are simultaneously embedded in the corresponding outer ring chambers. The top and bottom ends of the sealing sleeve are integrally provided with oil seepage chambers.

[0011] A double-ended push rod is fixedly welded to the outer wall of the second end of the shaft disc. An oil injector is fixedly installed on the top of the outer wall of the second rotating seat. A piston is telescopically assembled inside the oil injector, and a support block is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston extending out of the oil injector. A spring is installed at the bottom of the oil injector. An oil injection pipe and an oil suction pipe are respectively connected to the two ends of the top of the oil injector. A one-way valve is installed at the connection between the oil injection pipe and the oil suction pipe and the oil injector. The end of the oil injection pipe is connected to the oil seepage chamber located at the top. An oil tank is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bottom of the second rotating seat, and the end of the oil suction pipe is connected to the oil tank. The oil tank is connected to the oil seepage chamber located at the bottom through an oil outlet pipe.

[0012] The bottom of the fixture base is also equipped with a shaft offset detector for detecting the shaft deviation of the fixture, and the interior of the fixture base is also equipped with a bearing for supporting the fixture and cooling the transition point.

[0013] A control method for a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Determine the rotation axis. Depending on the type of machine tool, determine whether the two rotation axes directly control the direction of the tool axis (double swivel head type), control the rotation of space (double rotary table type), or have one axis act on the tool and the other on the workpiece (one swivel and one rotary table type). Step 2: Set the rotation axis parameters. The user needs to set the rotation axis parameters according to the requirements of the control system. Step 3: Using design tools, in five-axis machining, although the technical performance of machine tools, control systems, and tool fixtures is important, the quality of the final result largely depends on the correct use of design tools (especially CAM software); Step 4: Perform the machining process. After all parameters are set and tools are ready, the machining process can begin. This includes loading the workpiece, installing the cutting tools, setting the machining path, and starting the machine tool. Step 5: Monitoring and Adjustment. During the machining process, it is necessary to closely monitor the machine tool's operating status and machining quality, and make adjustments as needed to ensure machining accuracy and efficiency. Step Six: Calculate thermal errors and compensate for them in real time; Step 7: Post-processing: After processing is completed, some post-processing work is required, such as cleaning the workpiece, checking the processing quality, and taking measurements and tests.

[0014] A control method for a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool, in step six, includes the following specific steps for calculating and compensating for thermal errors in real time: Step 1: Detect the temperature field and thermal deformation displacement field of the machine tool. Use temperature sensors (such as thermocouples and platinum resistance thermometers) and displacement sensors (such as the optical straight line error detection component and optical arc error detection component in this article) to monitor the temperature and thermal deformation of key parts of the machine tool. The data from these sensors will be used to establish a thermal error model and provide a basis for subsequent compensation. Step 2: Establish a thermal error model. By analyzing the distribution of heat sources and the actual size of the shift, a mathematical model can be established to describe the relationship between thermal deformation and temperature change. Early studies usually used simplified one-dimensional or two-dimensional models to estimate thermal deformation, while modern methods may use more complex multi-dimensional models and simulation techniques. Step 3: Implement thermal error compensation. During the processing, based on the real-time monitored temperature data and the measured offset dimension model, compensation is performed in real time through the CNC system. This can be achieved through software algorithms, such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and shark odor optimization (SSO) algorithms, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of compensation. Step 4: Verify the compensation effect. Verify the accuracy and effect of the compensation model through processing experiments. This usually involves processing tests under different temperature conditions to ensure the reliability of the model in practical applications. Step 5: Continuous monitoring and adjustment. Since the operating conditions and environment of the machine tool may change, it is necessary to re-evaluate and adjust the thermal error model regularly to ensure its accuracy and effectiveness.

[0015] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention can monitor the actual distance of the tool's linear movement in different planes in real time, and then measure the actual displacement deviation by comparing it with a pre-programmed path. This gives the device the ability to detect errors caused by thermal deformation, and provides data support for subsequent compensation work while achieving tracking and monitoring.

[0016] This invention can monitor in real time the actual path range of the rotational motion of the part to be processed in different planes, and measure the actual displacement deviation by comparing it with the preset programmed path. It can achieve tracking and monitoring while also providing data support for subsequent compensation work.

[0017] In this invention, the strip-shaped light-sensing band four uses the position of the light beam to determine whether the annular light-sensing band has shifted. Furthermore, by excluding the offset of the annular light-sensing band itself, it can be determined that the movement of the part has deviated. In addition, the displacement distance can be magnified by the refraction of the refracting lens, making it easier to detect.

[0018] This invention utilizes an axis offset detector to promptly monitor whether the fixture base and the fixture axis have shifted, thereby determining whether thermal deformation has affected important parts of the equipment and facilitating timely remedial measures by staff.

[0019] In this invention, the lubricating oil inside the sealing sleeve not only serves a lubricating function, but can also be used to cool the equipment transition points, thereby reducing thermal deformation caused by frictional heat. In addition, the lubricating oil that has absorbed heat can be replaced and can flow back to the oil tank for cooling, facilitating recycling. The power for the circulation of the lubricating oil comes from the process of the second shaft disc squeezing the piston component through the double-ended push rod when rotating, without the need for additional electrical equipment for control.

[0020] This invention adds a workflow for calculating and compensating for thermal errors in real time to the machine tool control method. When the tool deviates in different planes or the movement path of the workpiece deviates, the CNC system compensates for the movement errors of the tool and the workpiece by establishing an error model and algorithm, which greatly reduces the impact of thermal deformation. In addition, the compensation work needs to be verified under different temperature conditions before it is put into operation to ensure the accuracy of the compensation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a five-axis linkage CNC machine tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the horizontal mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an internal structural diagram of the path detection circular box provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is an installation cross-sectional view of the strip-shaped light-sensing strip three provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 These are disassembly diagrams of the X-axis integration and Z-axis integration provided in embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of the structure at point C in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the axis offset detector provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the axis offset detector provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11This is a disassembled diagram of a single toothed rod and an outer tube provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an installation diagram of the bearing, oil tank, and oiler provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the bearing and oil tank assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A magnified view of the structure at point D in the middle; Figure 15 This is a control flowchart of the CNC machine tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of thermal errors and real-time compensation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. CNC machine tool; 2. Y-axis integration; 21. Y-axis rail; 22. Assembly base; 23. Strip light sensor belt one; 3. Stand; 4. X-axis integration; 41. X-axis rail; 42. Assembly frame; 43. Strip light sensor belt two; 44. Laser two; 45. Laser three; 5. Z-axis integration; 51. Machining frame; 52. Z-axis rail; 53. Strip light sensor belt three; 6. Tool; 7. Horizontal mechanism; 71. Rotary base one; 711. Strip light sensor belt four; 72. Rotary base two; 73. Drive mechanism one; 74. Fixture base; 75. Fixture; 76. Axis disk one; 77. Axis disk two; 771. Double-ended push rod; 78. Path detection circular box one; 781. Annular light sensor belt; 782. Lamp hole; 7 83. Refraction lens; 784. Laser 5; 79. Path detection circular box 2; 8. Axis offset detector; 801. Collar ring; 802. Gear rack; 803. Outer tube; 804. Gear 1; 805. Gear 2; 806. Gear block; 807. Pressure needle; 808. Pressing sensor; 9. Bearing; 901. Inner bearing ring; 902. Outer bearing ring; 903. Rotor; 904. Outer oil seal groove; 905. Ring plate; 906. Oil leak port; 907. Sealing sleeve; 908. Fitting outer ring chamber; 909. Oil leak chamber; 10. Oil tank; 11. Oil injector; 1101. Piston; 1102. Support block; 1103. Oil injection pipe; 1104. Oil suction pipe; 1105. Spring; 12. Oil outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the invention.

[0024] likeFigures 1-14 As shown, a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool includes a CNC machine tool 1. A Y-axis integration 2 is assembled on the top of the CNC machine tool 1, and a horizontal mechanism 7 is assembled on the top of the Y-axis integration 2. A vertical frame 3 is assembled at one end of the CNC machine tool 1, and an X-axis integration 4 is assembled on one side of the vertical frame 3. A Z-axis integration 5 is assembled on one side of the X-axis integration 4. Optical linear error detection components for detecting linear displacement errors are provided inside the Y-axis integration 2, X-axis integration 4, and Z-axis integration 5.

[0025] Example 1: See attached document Figure 1 , Figures 6-8 The optical linear error detection component includes a first strip light sensing strip 23, a second strip light sensing strip 43, and a third strip light sensing strip 53. The Y-axis integration 2 includes a Y-axis rail 21 fixedly installed inside the CNC machine tool 1 and an assembly seat 22 slidably assembled on the top of the Y-axis rail 21. The first strip light sensing strip 23 is installed parallel to one side of the Y-axis rail 21, and a laser is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the assembly seat 22 at the position corresponding to the first strip light sensing strip 23. See attached document Figures 6-8 The X-axis integrated 4 includes an X-axis rail 41 fixedly installed on the side wall of the upright 3 and an assembly frame 42 slidably assembled on one side of the X-axis rail 41. A strip light-sensing belt 43 is installed parallel to one side of the X-axis rail 41, and a laser 44 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the assembly frame 42 at the position corresponding to the strip light-sensing belt 43. See attached document Figures 6-8 The Z-axis integrated 5 includes a processing frame 51 and Z-axis rails 52 fixedly assembled on both outer walls of the processing frame 51. The processing frame 51 and the assembly frame 42 form a sliding assembly. A strip light-sensing strip 53 is installed parallel to one side of the Z-axis rail 52. Lasers 45 are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the assembly frame 42 at positions corresponding to the strip light-sensing strip 53. See attached document Figures 6-8 The assembly base 22, the assembly frame 42, and the processing frame 51 are all controlled by a servo drive mechanism to move. The cutting tool 6 is assembled at the bottom inside the processing frame 51 through a power mechanism.

[0026] According to the above structure, the laser moves with the assembly base 22. The first strip light-sensing belt 23 determines the moving distance of the assembly base 22 by sensing the illumination position of the laser. The second strip light-sensing belt 43 and the third strip light-sensing belt 53 have similar functions. By comparing the actual moving distance with the pre-programmed path, the moving deviation of the tool 6 in the corresponding direction can be detected. The above process can monitor the actual distance of the tool 6 moving linearly in different planes in real time. Then, by comparing it with the pre-programmed path, the actual displacement deviation can be measured, giving the equipment the ability to detect errors caused by thermal deformation. While realizing tracking and monitoring, it also provides data support for subsequent compensation work.

[0027] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During the operation of the five-axis linkage machine tool, the assembly base 22 moves along the Y-axis rail 21, the assembly frame 42 moves along the X-axis rail 41, and the processing frame 51 moves up and down through the sliding assembly of the assembly frame 42 and the Z-axis rail 52. Thus, the position of the tool 6 on the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis can be changed. Among them, the laser one moves with the assembly base 22, and the first strip light sensing strip 23 determines the moving distance of the assembly base 22 by sensing the illumination position of the laser one. The second strip light sensing strip 43 and the third strip light sensing strip 53 have similar functions. By comparing the actual moving distance with the pre-programmed path, the moving deviation of the tool 6 in the corresponding direction can be detected, which is convenient for subsequent real-time compensation.

[0028] Example 2: See attached document Figure 2 The horizontal mechanism 7 includes a first rotating base 71, a second rotating base 72, and a fixture base 74. The fixture base 74 is rotatably assembled inside the first rotating base 71 and the second rotating base 72. A first driving mechanism 73 for driving the fixture base 74 to rotate is provided on one side of the first rotating base 71. A fixture 75 for clamping the workpiece to be processed is rotatably assembled in the middle of the fixture base 74. A second driving mechanism for driving the fixture 75 to rotate is provided inside one end of the fixture base 74. Optical arc displacement detection components for detecting arc displacement errors are provided at the junction of the first rotating base 71 and the fixture base 74 and the junction of the fixture base 74 and the fixture 75. According to the above structure, the clamp base 74 is rotated by the first drive mechanism 73, and the clamp 75 is rotated by the second drive mechanism. The two processes work together to change the orientation and angle of the clamp. This process is existing technology.

[0029] See attached document Figures 2-5The fixture base 74 has two fixedly assembled shaft disks 76 and 77, which are respectively rotatably assembled with the first rotating base 71 and the second rotating base 72. The optical arc error detection component includes a path detection box 78 and a path detection box 79, which are respectively disposed at the junction of the first rotating base 71 and the fixture base 74, and at the junction of the fixture base 74 and the fixture 75. Taking the path detection box 78 as an example, an annular light-sensing strip 781 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the path detection box 78. The side wall of the shaft disk 76 is located on the path. A laser is fixedly installed on the axis of the path detection circular box 78. A lamp hole 782 is opened at the top of the inner wall of the path detection circular box 78. A laser 784 is fixedly installed on the top of the side wall of the annular light sensing strip 781 away from the shaft disk 76. A strip light sensing strip 711 is fixedly installed inside the rotating base 71 near the lamp hole 782. A refraction lens 783 is fixedly installed on the side wall inside the lamp hole 782. The refraction lens 783 is used to refract the light beam emitted by the laser 784 onto the surface of the strip light sensing strip 711.

[0030] According to the above structure, when the fixture base 74 rotates, relative motion occurs between the shaft disk 76 and the path detection box 78. The annular light-sensing belt 781 determines the rotation path of the fixture base 74 by sensing the illumination position of the laser 4. The principle of the path detection box 79 is similar. The rotation path of the fixture 75 will also be detected in real time. In this process, the actual path range of the workpiece to be processed in different planes can be monitored in real time. The actual displacement deviation can be measured by comparing it with the preset programming path. This not only achieves tracking and monitoring, but also provides data support for subsequent compensation work. In addition, the laser 784 located at the top back of the annular light-sensing strip 781 emits a laser when the device is operating. Its beam passes through the refracting lens 783 and is directed towards the strip light-sensing strip 711. The strip light-sensing strip 711 uses the position of the beam to determine whether the annular light-sensing strip 781 has shifted. It can then determine whether the movement of the part has deviated by excluding the offset of the annular light-sensing strip 781 itself. Furthermore, the displacement distance can be magnified by the refraction of the refracting lens 783, making it easier to detect.

[0031] The working principle of this invention is as follows: the clamp base 74 is rotated by the first drive mechanism 73, and the clamp 75 is rotated by the second drive mechanism. The two processes work together to change the orientation and angle of the clamp. When the clamp base 74 rotates, there is relative movement between the first shaft disk 76 and the first path detection box 78. The annular light sensing strip 781 determines the rotation path of the clamp base 74 by sensing the illumination position of the fourth laser. The principle of the second path detection box 79 is similar. The rotation path of the clamp 75 will also be monitored in real time. In addition, the fifth laser 784 located at the top back of the annular light sensing strip 781 emits a laser when the equipment is operating. Its beam is directed towards the fourth strip light sensing strip 711 through the refractive lens 783. The fourth strip light sensing strip 711 determines whether the annular light sensing strip 781 has been displaced by sensing the position of the beam. Then, the deviation of the movement of the part can be determined by excluding the displacement of the annular light sensing strip 781 itself.

[0032] Example 3: See attached document Figures 9-11 The outer wall of the rotary base 72 is provided with a shaft offset detector 8 for detecting the shaft offset of the fixture base 74. The shaft offset detector 8 includes a collar 801 sleeved on the outer surface of the end of the shaft disk 77. The outer wall of the collar 801 is rotatably connected in an annular array with toothed rods 802. The outer wall of the rotary base 72 is rotatably connected in an annular array with an outer tube 803. The toothed rods 802 are slidably inserted into the corresponding outer tube 803. A toothed block 806 is slidably installed on one side inside the outer tube 803. The inner rotatable part of the 03 is equipped with a gear 804 that meshes with the rack 802 and a gear 805 that meshes with the tooth block 806. The gear 804 and the gear 805 are coaxially fixedly connected. A pressure sensor 808 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the outer tube 803, and a pressure pin 807 that contacts the surface of the pressure sensor 808 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the end of the tooth block 806. The bottom of the fixture base 74 is also provided with a shaft offset detector 8 for detecting the shaft deviation of the fixture 75.

[0033] According to the above structure, when the fixture base 74 and the fixture 75 rotate, the two shaft offset detectors 8 are used to detect whether the shafts of the fixture base 74 and the fixture 75 have shifted. For example, when the shaft of the fixture base 74 shifts due to thermal deformation during rotation, the collar 801 sleeved on the end of the shaft disk 77 will shift along with it. The corresponding rack 802 will retract into the corresponding outer tube 803 or extend outward. The mutual movement between the rack 802 and the outer tube 803 causes the gear 804 to rotate, and then the gear 805 drives the gear block 806 in the outer tube 803. The internal sliding of 03 and the movement of the toothed block 806 can amplify the offset size. At this time, the position of the pressure needle 807 on the pressure sensor 808 changes and is detected by the pressure sensor 808. This allows it to be determined that the rotation axis of the clamping base 74 has shifted. The principle of using the axis offset detector 8 to detect whether the axis of the clamping 75 is deviated is similar to the above. In this way, it is possible to monitor in time whether the axis of the clamping base 74 and the clamping 75 has shifted, thereby determining whether thermal deformation has affected important parts of the equipment, so that the staff can take remedial measures in time.

[0034] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When the fixture base 74 and the fixture 75 rotate, two shaft offset detectors 8 are used to detect whether the shaft center of the fixture base 74 and the fixture 75 has shifted. For example, when the shaft center of the fixture base 74 shifts due to thermal deformation during rotation, the collar 801 sleeved on the end of the shaft disk 77 will shift along with it. The toothed bar 802 in the corresponding direction will retract into the corresponding outer tube 803 or extend out. The mutual movement between the toothed bar 802 and the outer tube 803 causes the gear 804 to rotate. Then, the gear 805 drives the toothed block 806 to slide inside the outer tube 803. The movement of the toothed block 806 can amplify the offset size. At this time, the position of the pressure needle 807 on the pressure sensor 808 changes and is detected by the pressure sensor 808. Thus, it can be determined that the shaft center of the fixture base 74 has shifted. The principle of using the shaft offset detector 8 to detect whether the shaft center of the fixture 75 is deviated is similar to the above.

[0035] Example 4: See attached document Figures 12-14A shaft disk 77 is fixedly assembled at the end of the fixture base 74 away from the rotating base 71. The rotating base 72 is equipped with a bearing 9 inside to support the shaft disk 77 and to cool the transition point. The bearing 9 is composed of an inner bearing ring 901, an outer bearing ring 902, and a rotor 903. The outer bearing ring 902 has an outer oil seal groove 904 for storing lubricating oil in the middle of its outer surface. The outer walls on both sides of the inner bearing ring 901 are integrally provided with ring plates 905, and the ring plates 905 are located at both ends of the same diameter. Each bearing ring 901 is provided with an oil seepage port 906. Both sides of the inner bearing ring 901 and the outer side of the ring plate 905 are movably fitted with a sealing sleeve 907. The middle of the sealing sleeve 907 is integrally provided with an outwardly extending fitting outer ring chamber 908, and the ring plate 905 is simultaneously embedded in the corresponding fitting outer ring chamber 908. Both ends of the top and bottom of the sealing sleeve 907 are integrally provided with an oil seepage chamber 909. The fixture base 74 is also provided with a bearing 9 for supporting the fixture 75 and cooling the transition point.

[0036] See attached document Figures 12-14 A double-ended push rod 771 is fixedly welded to the outer wall of the end of the shaft disc 77. An oil injector 11 is fixedly installed on the top of the outer wall of the rotary seat 72. A piston 1101 is telescopically assembled inside the oil injector 11. A support block 1102 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston 11 extending out of the oil injector 11. A spring 1105 is installed at the bottom of the oil injector 11. An oil injection pipe 1103 and an oil suction pipe 1104 are respectively connected to the two ends of the top of the oil injector 11. A one-way valve is installed at the connection between the oil injection pipe 1103 and the oil suction pipe 1104 and the oil injector 11. The end of the oil injection pipe 1103 is connected to the oil seepage tank 909 located at the top. An oil tank 10 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bottom of the rotary seat 72. The end of the oil suction pipe 1104 is connected to the oil tank 10. The oil tank 10 is connected to the oil seepage tank 909 located at the bottom through an oil outlet pipe 12.

[0037] According to the above structure, during the relative movement between the second shaft disk 77 and the second rotary seat 72, and between the clamp 75 and the clamp base 74, the bearing 9 plays the role of supporting the operation of the rotating parts. The ring plate 905 also moves relative to the sealing sleeve 907. When the portion of the ring plate 905 containing the oil seepage port 906 moves into the oil seepage chamber 909, the end of the double-ended push rod 771 pushes against the bearing block 1102, causing the piston 1101 to move upward. At this time, the lubricating oil in the oil injector 11 is squeezed into the oil injection pipe 1103. Because the oil seepage port 906 is located inside the oil seepage chamber 909, the oil injection pipe 1103 is no longer blocked by the ring plate 905. The lubricating oil introduced through the oil injection pipe 1103 then enters the sealing sleeve 907 through the oil seepage port 906. At the same time, the oil outlet pipe 12 at the bottom is no longer blocked by the ring plate 905, and the lubricating oil that was originally in the sealing sleeve 907 will flow back to the oil tank 10 through the oil outlet pipe 12, which will eventually cause the lubricating oil inside the sealing sleeve 907 to undergo fluid replacement. In the above process, the lubricating oil in the sealing sleeve 907 not only plays a lubricating role, but can also be used to cool down the equipment transition, thereby reducing the degree of thermal deformation caused by frictional heat. In addition, the lubricating oil that has absorbed heat can be replaced and can flow back to the oil tank 10 for cooling, which is convenient for recycling. The power for the circulation of lubricating oil comes from the process of the shaft disk 77 squeezing the piston 1101 through the double-end push rod 771 when it rotates, which does not require additional electrical equipment for control.

[0038] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During the relative movement between the shaft disc 77 and the rotating seat 72, and between the clamp 75 and the clamp base 74, the bearing 9 supports the operation of the rotating components. The ring plate 905 also moves relative to the sealing sleeve 907. When the portion of the ring plate 905 containing the oil leak port 906 moves into the oil leak chamber 909, the end of the double-ended push rod 771 pushes against the bearing block 1102, causing the piston 1101 to move upward. At this time, the lubricating oil in the oil injector 11 is squeezed into the oil injection pipe 1103. Because the oil leak port 906... 6 is placed inside the oil seepage chamber 909, so that the oil injection pipe 1103 is no longer blocked by the ring plate 905. The lubricating oil introduced by the oil injection pipe 1103 will enter the sealing sleeve 907 through the oil seepage port 906. At the same time, the oil outlet pipe 12 located at the bottom is also no longer blocked by the ring plate 905. The lubricating oil originally in the sealing sleeve 907 will flow back to the oil tank 10 through the oil outlet pipe 12, which will eventually cause the lubricating oil inside the sealing sleeve 907 to undergo fluid replacement. The bearing 9 located at the junction of the fixture 75 and the fixture base 74 works in a similar manner to the above process.

[0039] like Figures 15-16 As shown, a control method for a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool is described, with the following specific steps: Step 1: Determine the rotation axis. Based on the type of machine tool, determine whether the two rotation axes directly control the direction of the tool 6 axis (double swivel head type), control the rotation of space (double rotary table type), or one of them acts on the tool 6 and the other acts on the workpiece (one swivel and one rotation type). Step 2: Set the rotation axis parameters. The user needs to set the rotation axis parameters according to the requirements of the control system. Step 3: Using design tools, in five-axis machining, although the technical performance of machine tools, control systems, cutting tools, and fixtures is important, the quality of the final result largely depends on the correct use of design tools (especially CAM software). Step 4: Perform the machining process. After all parameters are set and tools are ready, the machining process can begin. This includes loading the workpiece, installing the cutting tool, setting the machining path, and starting the machine tool. Step 5: Monitoring and Adjustment. During the machining process, it is necessary to closely monitor the machine tool's operating status and machining quality, and make adjustments as needed to ensure machining accuracy and efficiency. Step Six: Calculate thermal errors and compensate for them in real time; Step 7: Post-processing: After processing is completed, some post-processing work is required, such as cleaning the workpiece, checking the processing quality, and taking measurements and tests.

[0040] Example 1: In step six, the specific steps for calculating and compensating for thermal errors in real time are as follows: Step 1: Detect the temperature field and thermal deformation displacement field of the machine tool. Use temperature sensors (such as thermocouples and platinum resistance thermometers) and displacement sensors (such as the optical straight line error detection component and optical arc error detection component in this article) to monitor the temperature and thermal deformation of key parts of the machine tool. The data from these sensors will be used to establish a thermal error model and provide a basis for subsequent compensation. Step 2: Establish a thermal error model. By analyzing the distribution of heat sources and the actual size of the shift, a mathematical model can be established to describe the relationship between thermal deformation and temperature change. Early studies usually used simplified one-dimensional or two-dimensional models to estimate thermal deformation, while modern methods may use more complex multi-dimensional models and simulation techniques. Step 4: Implement thermal error compensation. During the processing, based on the real-time monitored temperature data and the measured offset dimension model, compensation is performed in real time through the CNC system. This can be achieved through software algorithms, such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and shark odor optimization (SSO) algorithms, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of compensation. Step 5: Verify the compensation effect. Verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the compensation model through processing experiments. This usually involves processing tests under different temperature conditions to ensure the reliability of the model in practical applications. Step 6: Continuous monitoring and adjustment. Since the operating conditions and environment of the machine tool may change, it is necessary to re-evaluate and adjust the thermal error model regularly to ensure its accuracy and effectiveness.

[0041] The working principle of this invention is as follows: by adding a workflow for calculating thermal error and compensating it in real time within the machine tool control method, when the tool 6 deviates in different planes and the movement path of the workpiece deviates, the CNC system compensates for the movement error of the tool 6 and the workpiece by establishing an error model and an algorithm, which greatly reduces the impact caused by thermal deformation. In addition, this compensation work needs to be verified under different temperature conditions before it is put into operation to ensure the accuracy of the compensation.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool, comprising a CNC machine tool (1), characterized in that: The top of the CNC machine tool (1) is equipped with a Y-axis integration (2), and the top of the Y-axis integration (2) is equipped with a horizontal mechanism (7). One end of the CNC machine tool (1) is equipped with a stand (3), and one side of the stand (3) is equipped with an X-axis integration (4). One side of the X-axis integration (4) is equipped with a Z-axis integration (5). The Y-axis integration (2), X-axis integration (4) and Z-axis integration (5) are all equipped with optical linear error detection components for detecting linear displacement errors. The horizontal mechanism (7) includes a first rotating seat (71), a second rotating seat (72), and a fixture base (74). The fixture base (74) is rotatably assembled inside the first rotating seat (71) and the second rotating seat (72). A fixture (75) for clamping the workpiece to be processed is rotatably assembled in the middle of the fixture base (74). An optical arc error detection component for detecting arc displacement error is provided at the junction of the first rotating seat (71) and the fixture base (74) and the junction of the fixture base (74) and the fixture (75). The outer wall of the second rotating seat (72) is provided with a shaft offset detector (8) for detecting the shaft deviation of the fixture base (74). The end of the fixture base (74) away from the first rotating seat (71) is fixedly assembled with a shaft disk (77). The interior of the second rotating seat (72) is provided with a bearing (9) for supporting the shaft disk (77) and cooling the junction. The deviation of the tool (6) in linear movement in different planes is monitored by using an optical linear error detection component, so that subsequent compensation work can be supported by data. The optical arc error detection component is used to monitor the deviation of the rotational motion of the part to be processed in different planes, which also provides data support for subsequent compensation work. The shaft offset detector (8) includes a collar (801) sleeved on the outer surface of the end of the shaft disk two (77). A toothed rod (802) is rotatably connected in a ring array to the outer wall of the collar (801). An outer tube (803) is rotatably connected in a ring array to the outer wall of the rotating seat two (72). The toothed rod (802) is slidably inserted into the corresponding outer tube (803). A toothed block (806) is slidably installed on one side inside the outer tube (803). The outer tube (803) is rotatably mounted with a gear 1 (804) that meshes with a rack (802) and a gear 2 (805) that meshes with a toothed block (806). The gear 1 (804) and gear 2 (805) are coaxially fixedly connected. A pressure sensor (808) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of one side of the outer tube (803), and a pressure needle (807) that contacts the surface of the pressure sensor (808) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the end of the toothed block (806). By monitoring the relative movement between the rack (802) and the corresponding outer tube (803), the axis offset detector (8) can detect whether the axis of the fixture base (74) and the fixture (75) has shifted. The bearing (9) is composed of an inner bearing ring (901), an outer bearing ring (902) and a rotor (903). The outer bearing ring (902) has an outer oil seal groove (904) for storing lubricating oil in the middle of its outer surface. The outer walls on both sides of the inner bearing ring (901) are integrally provided with ring plates (905), and the two ends of the ring plates (905) with the same diameter are provided with oil seepage ports (906). The inner bearing ring (901) is movably fitted with sealing sleeves (907) on both sides and outside the ring plates (905). The sealing sleeves (907) have an integrally provided outer ring chamber (908) extending outward in the middle of the sealing sleeves (907), and the ring plates (905) are simultaneously embedded in the corresponding outer ring chambers (908). The top and bottom ends of the sealing sleeves (907) are integrally provided with oil seepage chambers (909). By replacing the lubricating oil in the sealing sleeve (907), the equipment transition point is cooled down, reducing the degree of thermal deformation caused by frictional heat.

2. The high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical linear error detection component includes a first strip light sensing strip (23), a second strip light sensing strip (43), and a third strip light sensing strip (53). The Y-axis integration (2) includes a Y-axis rail (21) fixedly installed inside the CNC machine tool (1) and an assembly seat (22) slidably assembled on the top of the Y-axis rail (21). The first strip light sensing strip (23) is installed parallel to one side of the Y-axis rail (21), and a laser is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the assembly seat (22) at the position corresponding to the first strip light sensing strip (23). The X-axis assembly (4) includes an X-axis rail (41) fixedly installed on the side wall of the stand (3) and an assembly frame (42) slidably assembled on one side of the X-axis rail (41). The second strip light-sensing strip (43) is installed parallel to one side of the X-axis rail (41), and a second laser (44) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the assembly frame (42) at the position corresponding to the second strip light-sensing strip (43). The Z-axis assembly (5) includes a processing frame (51) and Z-axis rails (52) fixedly assembled on both sides of the outer wall of the processing frame (51). The processing frame (51) and the assembly frame (42) form a sliding assembly. The three strip-shaped light-sensing strips (53) are installed parallel to one side of the Z-axis rail (52). Lasers (45) are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the assembly frame (42) at positions corresponding to the three strip-shaped light-sensing strips (53). The assembly base (22), assembly frame (42) and processing frame (51) are all controlled to move by a servo drive mechanism. The bottom of the processing frame (51) is equipped with a cutting tool (6) through a power mechanism.

3. A high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: One side of the rotating base (71) is provided with a drive mechanism (73) for driving the fixture base (74) to rotate. The interior of one end of the fixture base (74) is provided with a drive mechanism (2) for driving the fixture (75) to rotate. The two ends of the fixture base (74) are fixedly assembled with a shaft disk (76) and a shaft disk (77) that form a rotating assembly with the rotating base (71) and the rotating base (72) respectively.

4. A high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical arc error detection assembly includes a path detection circular box 1 (78) and a path detection circular box 2 (79) respectively disposed at the junction of the rotary table 1 (71) and the fixture base (74), and at the junction of the fixture base (74) and the fixture (75). An annular light-sensing strip (781) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the path detection circular box 1 (78). A laser 4 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the shaft disk 1 (76) and on the axis of the path detection circular box 1 (78). A lamp hole (782) is provided at the top. A laser five (784) is fixedly installed on the top side wall of the annular light-sensing strip (781) away from the shaft disk one (76). A strip light-sensing strip four (711) is fixedly installed inside the rotating seat one (71) near the lamp hole (782). A refractive lens (783) is fixedly installed on the side wall inside the lamp hole (782). The refractive lens (783) is used to refract the light beam emitted by the laser five (784) toward the surface of the strip light-sensing strip four (711).

5. A high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: A double-ended push rod (771) is fixedly welded to the outer wall of the end of the second shaft disc (77). An oil injector (11) is fixedly installed on the top of the outer wall of the second rotating seat (72). A piston component (1101) is telescopically assembled inside the oil injector (11), and a support block (1102) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston component (1101) extending out of the inside of the oil injector (11). A spring (1105) is installed at the bottom of the oil injector (11), and oil injection pipes (1105) are respectively connected to the two ends of the top of the oil injector (11). 3) and the oil suction pipe (1104), and the oil injection pipe (1103) and the oil suction pipe (1104) are all equipped with one-way valves at the connection between the oil injector (11). The end of the oil injection pipe (1103) is connected to the oil seepage tank (909) located at the top. The outer wall of the bottom of the rotating seat (72) is fixedly installed with an oil tank (10), and the end of the oil suction pipe (1104) is connected to the oil tank (10). The oil tank (10) is connected to the oil seepage tank (909) located at the bottom through the oil outlet pipe (12).

6. A high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the fixture base (74) is also provided with a shaft offset detector (8) for detecting the shaft deviation of the fixture (75), and the interior of the fixture base (74) is also provided with a bearing (9) for supporting the fixture (75) and cooling the transition point.

7. A control method for a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool, used to control the high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Determine the rotation axis. Based on the type of machine tool, determine whether the two rotation axes directly control the direction of the tool (6) axis, control the rotation in space, or whether one of them acts on the tool (6) and the other acts on the workpiece. Step 2: Set the rotation axis parameters. The user needs to set the rotation axis parameters according to the requirements of the control system. Step 3: Using design tools, in five-axis machining, the technical performance of machine tools, control systems, cutting tools (6) and fixtures is important, but the quality of the final result depends to a large extent on the correct use of design tools; Step 4: Perform the machining process. After all parameters are set and tools are ready, start the machining process. This includes loading the workpiece, installing the cutting tool (6), setting the machining path, and starting the machine tool. Step 5: Monitoring and Adjustment. During the machining process, it is necessary to closely monitor the machine tool's operating status and machining quality, and make adjustments as needed to ensure machining accuracy and efficiency. Step Six: Calculate thermal errors and compensate for them in real time; Step Seven: Post-processing: After processing is completed, the workpiece needs to be cleaned, the processing quality needs to be checked, and measurements and tests need to be performed.

8. The control method for a high-speed, high-precision five-axis linkage CNC machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step six, the specific steps for calculating and compensating for thermal errors in real time are as follows: Step 1: Detect the temperature field and thermal deformation displacement field of the machine tool. Use temperature sensors and displacement sensors to monitor the temperature and thermal deformation of key parts of the machine tool. The data from these sensors will be used to establish a thermal error model and provide a basis for subsequent compensation. Step 2: Establish a thermal error model. By analyzing the distribution of heat sources and the actual size of the shift, a mathematical model is established to describe the relationship between thermal deformation and temperature change. Step 3: Implement thermal error compensation. During the processing, based on the real-time monitored temperature data and the measured offset dimension model, compensation is performed in real time through the CNC system. Step 4: Verify the compensation effect. Verify the accuracy and effect of the compensation model through processing experiments. This usually involves processing tests under different temperature conditions to ensure the reliability of the model in practical applications. Step 5: Continuous monitoring and adjustment. Since the operating conditions and environment of the machine tool may change, it is necessary to re-evaluate and adjust the thermal error model regularly to ensure its accuracy and effectiveness.

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