A flying saucer type aquatic plant ecological carrier and a method for covering the surface of sediment

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of water body ecological restoration, and specifically discloses a flying saucer type aquatic plant ecological carrier, which comprises a containing shell, soil matrix is stored in the containing shell, the containing shell comprises an upper saucer shell and a lower saucer shell which are detachably connected, the upper saucer shell and the lower saucer shell are both provided with an outwardly convex streamline curved surface structure, and a plurality of holes for inserting plants are arranged on the upper saucer shell. A method for covering the surface of sediment by using the flying saucer type aquatic plant ecological carrier, a plurality of flying saucer type aquatic plant ecological carriers in which plants are inserted are uniformly put into the flying saucer type aquatic plant ecological carrier, and the surface of contaminated sediment or the surface of a submerged plant restoration area needs to be covered. The present application is used to solve the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency caused by manual clamping and lowering and inserting into sediment in the prior art device with small disturbance to sediment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic ecological restoration technology, specifically to a saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier and a method for covering the surface of bottom sediment. Background Technology

[0002] In river, lake, and reservoir water environment management projects, the treatment of polluted sediment is a crucial task. Its purpose is to eliminate the release of pollutants from the sediment into the overlying water and restore the ecological function of the polluted water body. Dredging is currently one of the main methods for treating polluted sediment in my country's rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. However, with the increase in dredging volume in recent years, the large amount of byproducts generated has gradually become a major bottleneck in dredging projects. Utilizing multiple pathways to achieve the resource recovery of sediment is an important direction for the subsequent disposal of dredging project outputs. On the other hand, in-situ covering and ecological restoration of polluted sediment is also an effective method for solving sediment pollution. Covering the existing sediment with a layer of uncontaminated sediment, gravel, sand, or some artificial foundation materials can inhibit the release of pollutants from the sediment.

[0003] In 1978, the United States first implemented in-situ sediment cover engineering, followed by Japan, Norway, and Canada in 1983, 1992, and 1995, respectively. However, the use of sand and soil as cover materials generally results in strong bottom disturbance, easily causing surface pollution and the release of floating sediment. Therefore, cover materials with slow settling and low disturbance have become the development direction. At the same time, combining bottom sediment cover with aquatic plant restoration can play an important role in ecosystem restoration and maintaining good water quality. Numerous studies have shown that restoring aquatic plants in water bodies can improve water transparency, reduce wind and wave disturbance, and provide a good habitat for aquatic animals. Practices have been conducted in places such as Taihu Lake and Everglades National Park in Florida, USA, with significant improvements in water quality.

[0004] Existing technologies, such as the submerged plant planting device with patent publication number CN216163718U for reducing bottom sediment disturbance, involve a conical structure within which submerged plants are fixed. The planting frame with the submerged plants is inserted into the bottom sediment using a hand clamp. However, this method requires manual clamping to ensure stable insertion and minimize disturbance. Manual clamping is labor-intensive and inefficient, and when facing different depths of sediment without a clear view of the bottom, it's difficult to guarantee that the insertion process won't cause disturbance. Direct placement, on the other hand, results in the planting device sinking too quickly due to the conical design, causing disturbance to the bottom sediment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier to solve the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency caused by the need for manual clamping, lowering and insertion into the bottom sediment in existing devices that cause minimal disturbance to the bottom sediment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A flying saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier includes a receiving shell for storing soil substrate. The receiving shell includes a detachably connected upper and lower disc shells. Both the upper and lower disc shells have outwardly protruding streamlined curved surface structures. The upper disc shell has multiple holes for inserting plants.

[0008] The principle and advantages of this scheme are as follows: By designing the upper and lower disc shells with outwardly convex streamlined curved surfaces, the overall container shell takes on a saucer shape. Soil substrate necessary for plant growth is placed inside the container, and the plants then extend from the holes, facilitating their growth. This entire scheme allows the ecological carrier containing plants and soil substrate to slowly settle upon deployment due to its saucer-shaped structure, minimizing disturbance to the bottom sediment. Compared to traditional sediment covering techniques that directly place large amounts of sand and gravel, this scheme's large size and slow settling characteristics significantly reduce disturbance to the bottom sediment and damage to the water body during sediment covering construction. Furthermore, compared to existing techniques requiring manual clamping and insertion, this scheme eliminates the need for manual insertion while ensuring minimal disturbance to the bottom sediment, greatly reducing the difficulty of planting submerged plants and improving deployment efficiency.

[0009] In addition, in existing technologies, the entire planting device is manually operated to insert the conical structure into the bottom sediment, which tends to plant plants in the sediment and has a small coverage area. In this solution, after the ecological carrier is placed, it automatically falls onto the sediment under its own weight. Due to the outward convex streamlined curved surface structure of the receiving shell, the convex of the lower disc shell can sink into the sediment on its own (generally, there is floating mud on the surface of polluted sediment. After the ecological carrier falls, it will press itself on the floating mud. Since the floating mud is suspended, it can fill the area around the ecological carrier after it sinks to the bottom, forming a state where the ecological carrier is embedded in the sediment). This forms a shield against the sediment. The streamlined curved surface of the upper disc shell makes it less likely for the ecological carrier to be carried away by the water waves, thus helping to ensure the stability of the ecological carrier relative to the sediment. Multiple saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers are used for bottom sediment remediation. The barrier zone formed by the protruding parts of the saucer shells can effectively reduce the lake bottom flow velocity from 0.1-0.5 m / s to 0.06-0.1 m / s. After inserting submerged plants, the lake bottom flow velocity in the barrier zone can be further reduced to 0.03-0.05 m / s, which is lower than the initial flow velocity of lake bottom sediment (0.06-0.2 m / s), thus preventing water flow from disturbing the bottom sediment and causing pollution.

[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, both the upper and lower disc shells are provided with flanges on their edges. By setting the flanges, the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the entire ecological carrier is increased, which helps to reduce the speed at which the ecological carrier falls into the bottom sediment.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, the flange is provided with mounting holes for detachable connection between the upper and lower disc housings.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the upper and lower disc shells are formed by mixing dehydrated sludge with a sludge solidifying agent and then pressing them together.

[0013] Beneficial effects: When adopting this scheme, silt is used as the main material for the upper and lower disc shells, thereby realizing the resource utilization of silt generated from dredging and desilting.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, after the upper and lower disc shells are pressed and formed, they are cured by water spraying in a normal temperature and high humidity environment to improve the strength of the upper and lower disc shells. After curing, the strength of the housing shell can reach 3-4 MPa or even higher, which can meet the strength requirements of the housing shell.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the height of the receiving shell is 1 / 7 to 1 / 2 of the outer diameter of the flange, so that the upper and lower disc shells have a flat, streamlined curved surface structure. Compared with a sphere, this can reduce the height of the ecological carrier, ensure the stability of the saucer-shaped structure on the bottom sediment (the lower disc shell has a larger contact area with the bottom sediment, and the upper disc shell is less affected by the impact of water flow, so the ecological carrier is more stable on the bottom sediment), and also make it easier to open holes in the upper disc shell for planting plants.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the outer diameter of the flange is 10-20 cm, and the height of the receiving shell is 3-6 cm.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, it also includes a porous bag for holding the soil substrate. The porous bag is placed inside the receiving shell. By setting the porous bag, the soil substrate can be placed in the porous bag before being placed into the receiving shell, thus avoiding the problem of the soil substrate directly leaking out from the holes of the receiving shell.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the porous bag corresponding to the hole is punctured, and then the plant is allowed to pass through the hole and the puncture, so that the plant's roots are inserted into the soil matrix of the porous bag, thereby forming the submerged plant on the ecological carrier.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, the soil matrix comprises dewatered cake, straw powder, and activated carbon.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Dewatered cement cake serves as the main substrate material for soil matrix, while straw powder provides ample organic matter to the matrix, which is beneficial for the growth of submerged plants; the addition of activated carbon as an adsorbent material enhances the stability of the matrix material and prevents the release of pollutants that may exist in the matrix.

[0021] This invention also provides a method for covering the surface of bottom sediment with a saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier. The method involves placing multiple saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers, each already planted with submerged plants, evenly on the surface of the polluted bottom sediment or the submerged plant restoration area to be covered. Using this method, the saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers can slowly sink under their own weight, with a settling speed of 3-5 cm / s. This causes minimal disturbance to the bottom sediment surface and can cover suspended matter and floating mud on the bottom sediment surface with virtually no secondary release. This effectively prevents the release of pollutants from the bottom sediment while simultaneously achieving the ecological restoration effect of submerged plants. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention (without submerged plants).

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1Exploded view.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sinking process of the saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier being placed into the water body according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0027] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: upper disc shell 1, lower disc shell 2, bag 3, bolt 4, hole 5, water body 6, floating mud 7, bottom mud 8.

[0028] Example

[0029] Combination Figures 1 to 4 A saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier includes a containment shell and a soil substrate contained in an ecological bag 3 inside the containment shell.

[0030] The housing includes a detachably connected upper disc shell 1 and a lower disc shell 2. Both the upper disc shell 1 and the lower disc shell 2 have outwardly protruding, flat, streamlined curved surfaces. The edges of both the upper disc shell 1 and the lower disc shell 2 are integrally formed with flanges. Each flange has multiple mounting holes circumferentially distributed around its circumference. These mounting holes facilitate the use of bolts 4 to detachably and securely connect the upper disc shell 1 and the lower disc shell 2. The upper disc shell 1 has multiple holes 5 for inserting plants.

[0031] The projection of hole 5 onto the flange is a square with a side length of 2cm. There are 12 holes 5, spaced 2cm apart horizontally and vertically.

[0032] The manufacturing method of upper shell 1 and lower shell 2 is as follows: Dehydrated sludge cake with a moisture content of 45%-60% is mixed evenly with a sludge solidifying agent (the sludge solidifying agent is any one of cement, lime, slag, sodium metasilicate and gypsum). The mass ratio of dehydrated sludge cake to solidifying agent is 1:1 to 1:3. After the dehydrated sludge cake and solidifying agent are evenly mixed, they are pressed for 1-8 hours under a pressure of 1-8 MPa. After curing for 28 days at a temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius (20±5℃ and humidity of about 95%), the upper shell 1 / lower shell 2 with a strength of 3-4 MPa is obtained, which fully meets the requirements for use as an ecological carrier. The streamlined curved surface structure, flange, mounting holes and holes 5 of the upper shell 1 / lower shell 2 are all integrally formed during pressing.

[0033] After assembly, the upper disc shell 1 and the lower disc shell 2 are symmetrically arranged in terms of curved surface structure and flanges, and the height of the housing shell is 1 / 7 to 1 / 2 of the outer diameter of the flange.

[0034] Specifically, the outer diameter of the flange is 10-20cm (i.e., the maximum outer diameter of the ecological carrier), the height of the receiving shell is 3-6cm, and the shell thickness of the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 is 0.5-1.5cm. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the flange is 20cm, and the height of the receiving shell is 6cm, that is, both the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are 3cm.

[0035] In this embodiment, the ecological bag is a woven geonet bag. The preparation and use of the soil matrix inside the porous bag 3 is as follows: dewatered water cake, gravel, straw powder, and activated carbon are premixed in a mass ratio of 10:1:1:0.1, and then filled into the finished porous bag 3 and sealed with geotextile straps. The dewatered water cake serves as the main matrix material, while the straw powder provides sufficient organic matter to promote the growth of submerged plants. Activated carbon is added as an adsorbent to enhance the stability of the matrix and prevent the release of potential pollutants.

[0036] This embodiment provides a method for assembling an ecological carrier, including the following steps:

[0037] S1. Place the porous bag 3 filled with soil substrate into the pressed lower disc shell 2, then fasten the upper disc shell 1 onto the lower disc shell 2, align the mounting holes on the upper and lower flanges, and then use bolts 4 through the mounting holes to fix the upper disc shell 1 and the lower disc shell 2 in place.

[0038] S2. Insert submerged organisms into the holes 5 reserved in the upper shell 1.

[0039] The submerged organisms include a combination of Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton crispus, and Potamogeton crispus.

[0040] The method of inserting submerged plants is as follows: puncture the porous bag 3 corresponding to the hole 5, and then let the plant pass through the hole 5 and the puncture, so that the plant's roots and stems are inserted into the soil matrix of the porous bag 3, thus forming the insertion of submerged plants on the ecological carrier.

[0041] This embodiment also provides a method for covering the surface of bottom sediment with saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers. The method involves placing saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers on the surface of the polluted bottom sediment 8 that needs to be covered or on the surface of the submerged plant remediation area, and evenly placing multiple saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers with submerged plants per square meter. Specifically, in this embodiment, 4-8 saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers are evenly placed per square meter.

[0042] When using this embodiment, the saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier can slowly sink under its own gravity, with a sinking speed of 3-5 cm / s. This causes minimal disturbance to the surface of the bottom sediment 8, and can cover the suspended matter and floating mud 7 on the surface of the bottom sediment 8 with virtually no secondary release of suspended matter. This effectively prevents the release of pollutants from the bottom sediment 8 while simultaneously achieving the ecological restoration effect of submerged plants.

[0043] In summary, this embodiment utilizes the sludge generated by the dredging project and solidifies it into the required disc-shaped upper shell 1 and lower shell 2 through a dehydration-pressing-curing process, thereby realizing the resource utilization of the dredging project products.

[0044] A porous bag 3 (ecological geonet bag) filled with soil matrix is ​​provided for the saucer-shaped container shell, which facilitates the planting of submerged plant seedlings such as Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, and Potamogeton crispus. This results in a flat, saucer-shaped ecological carrier containing plant growth promoters and supporting the growth of submerged plants. This ecological carrier is then placed on the surface of the sediment 8, forming a structure that both covers the polluted sediment 8 and promotes the growth of submerged plants in the water body 6. Furthermore, this embodiment utilizes the shape characteristics of the biological carrier to minimize disturbance upon sinking, maximize the coverage area of ​​the sediment 8 after placement, and ensure the ecological carrier remains stable in the sediment 8 due to its shape.

[0045] In addition, multiple saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers are used for bottom sediment remediation. The barrier zone formed by the protruding part of the upper saucer shell can effectively reduce the lake bottom flow velocity from 0.1-0.5m / s to 0.06-0.1m / s in the barrier zone. After inserting submerged plants, the lake bottom flow velocity in the barrier zone can be effectively reduced to 0.03-0.05m / s, which is lower than the initial flow velocity of lake bottom sediment of 0.06-0.2m / s, thereby preventing water flow from disturbing the bottom sediment and causing pollution.

[0046] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier, comprising a receiving shell, the receiving shell containing a soil substrate, characterized in that: The housing includes a detachably connected upper and lower disc shells, both of which have outwardly protruding streamlined curved surface structures. The upper disc shell has multiple holes for inserting plants. Both the upper and lower disc shells are provided with flanges on their edges; the flanges are provided with mounting holes, which accommodate shell heights of 1 / 7 to 1 / 2 of the flange outer diameter. It also includes porous bags for holding soil substrate, which are placed inside the container shell; the porous bags are punctured at the positions corresponding to the holes, and then the plants are allowed to pass through the holes and punctures, so that the plant roots are inserted into the soil substrate of the porous bags.

2. The UFO-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower disc shells are formed by mixing dehydrated sludge with a sludge solidifying agent and then pressing them together.

3. The UFO-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper and lower disc shells are pressed and cured in a normal temperature and high humidity environment.

4. The UFO-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil matrix contains dewatered cement cake, straw powder, and activated carbon.

5. A method for covering the surface of bottom sediment with a saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier, characterized in that, For deployment of the saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carrier as described in any one of claims 1-4, multiple saucer-shaped aquatic plant ecological carriers with submerged plants are evenly deployed per square meter on the surface of the polluted bottom sediment to be covered or on the surface of the submerged plant remediation area.

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